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Lecture #8
References:
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Keyword NSCP 2010
1. Flexure consideration
Summary 2. Development length
2a. Tension 412.3
Lecture #8
Objectives 2b. Development length check 412.12.3
Bond Stress 2c. Compression 412.4
Devt Length
Tension 2d. Bundled 412.5, 407.7.6
Bundled
Compression 2e. Hooks 412.6, 407.2
Hooks 3. Shear effect
Cut-Off 3a. Shear effect 412.11.3
1. Flexure
2. Devt length 3b. Shear capacity check 412.11.5
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts 4. Construction
5. Other Req'ts
5. Other requirements
Lap Splice
5a. Support and inflection point 412.13.1, 412.13.3
Summary (tension, compression)
5b. Structural integrity* 407.14
6. Lap Splice
6a. Tension 412.16
6b. Compression 412.17 3 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Lecture #8
Objectives
One assumption in flexural design:
Bond Stress No slippage of the bars in relation to the
Devt Length
Tension surrounding concrete
Bundled
Compression
If bond doesn't exist, unreinforced concrete
Hooks
If bond do exist, bond stresses should also
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
exist to maintain equilibrium
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
4 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Lecture #8
Objectives
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks = 0;
2
Cut-Off 2 1 =
1. Flexure 4
2. Devt length Let 2 1 = gives
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts 1 =
4
Lap Splice
Summary
5 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
7 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
If splitting occurs, the yield strength of the bars assumed to be part of equilibrium equations will not be developed
8 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Development Length
Lecture #8
Objectives
Because the actual bond stresses varies
Bond Stress along the length of the bar, the ACI Code
Devt Length
Tension uses the concept of development length
Bundled
Compression rather than bond stresses
Hooks
The development length, , is the shortest
Cut-Off
1. Flexure length of bar in which the bar stress
increase from zero to the yield strength
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
9 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Development Length
Lecture #8
Objectives
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects not be less than
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
10 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
11 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects Properties Actual Idealized
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
12 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Hooks
Lap Splice
Summary
13 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Hooks
4. Lightweight Aggregates ()
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
14 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts where
= represents the smaller of the distance from the center of the tension bar
Lap Splice or wire to the nearest concrete surface, or one half the center-to-center
spacing of reinforcement
Summary = transverse reinforcement index. Used to account for the contribution of
confining reinforcement across possible splitting planes
= the total cross-sectional area of all transverse reinforcement having the
center-to-center spacing, , and a yield strength, .
= number of bars or wires being developed along the plane of splitting
15 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
, =
Development Length simplified NSCP 412.3.2
Lecture #8
Objectives
Substituting lower limit values of and
Bond Stress for common design cases:
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure Case 1
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Case 2
Summary
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
17 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Problem 8.1
Lecture #8 A 400-mm-wide cantilever beam frames into the edge of a 400-mm-thick wall as
Objectives shown. To reach Mn, the 3-25mm bars at the top of the beam are stressed to their
yield strength at point A at the face of the wall. Compute the minimum embedment of
Bond Stress the bars into the wall and the development length in the beam. The concrete is
Devt Length sand/low density concrete with a strength of 25 MPa. The yield strength of the flexural
Tension
Bundled
reinforcement is 420 MPa.
Compression Construction joints are located at the top and bottom of the beam. The beam has
closed 10mm stirrups with fyt = 420 MPa at a spacing of 180 mm throughout its
Hooks
length (the stirrups are not shown). The cover is 40-mm to the stirrups. The three No.
Cut-Off 25 bars are inside the 13mm vertical steel in each face of the wall.
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
18 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Hooks 40 420 40
Cut-Off
1. Flexure 40 mm
2. Devt length
4-25 mm
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
10 mm stirrups spaced
at 200 mm 750 mm
Summary 710 mm
500 mm
19 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
20 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Problem 8.3
Lecture #8
Objectives
Compute the development length required
Bond Stress for the uncoated bundled bars shown in the
Devt Length
Tension figure. Assume fy = 414 MPa, fc = 21 MPa and
Bundled
Compression fyt = 270 MPa.
Hooks
50 250 50
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts 10mm stirrup
5. Other Req'ts at 200mm
Lap Splice 500 mm
Summary 3 25 mm bars
50 mm
21 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression Moment Capacity
ACI full equation
Hooks
Required Moment
Cut-Off
1. Flexure O
2. Devt length <
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
22 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression Moment Capacity
ACI full equation
Hooks
Required Moment
Cut-Off
1. Flexure O
2. Devt length <
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
23 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering NSCP 412.12.3
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
24 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering NSCP 412.12.3
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
25 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering NSCP 412.4
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
0.24
Lap Splice = 0.043
Summary
Note: is considerably shorter than
26 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering NSCP 412.4
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
27 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
28 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Problem 8.4
Lecture #8 The forces in the column bars in the figure are to be transferred into the
Objectives 500-mm thick footing with 32 mm dowels. Determine the development
Bond Stress
lengths needed for the dowels (a) down into the footing and (b) up into
Devt Length the column
Tension
Bundled fy = 414 MPa and fc = 21 MPa (for footing) fc = 35 MPa (for column)
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
ld into footing
29 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Hooks
Lecture #8
Objectives
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
30 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Hooks Mechanism(FBD)
Lecture #8
Objectives
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
31 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Hooks Mechanism(Stresses)
Lecture #8 Decrease in axial stress is due to bond and friction
Objectives
Slip measured is relative to the axial stress
Bond Stress
Devt Length (180 has a maximum slip 1.75 times the 90)
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
Stress diagram and slip measured at points along a hook at a bar stress of 1.25 in tests of 90 and 180 degree hooks in No.7 bars
32 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering NSCP 412.6
ACI Requirement
Lecture #8
Objectives
For standard hooks, the development length is
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
= 0.24 8 150
33 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering NSCP 412.6
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
34 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
35 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Detailing dimension,
= 0.24
8#8
Lecture 150
Objectives
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
36 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
37 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Problem 8.5
The exterior
Lecture #8 end 400x600mm continuous beam frames into a 650-mm square column. The column has 4-36M longitudinal bars. The
negative moment reinforcement at the exterior end of the beam consists of 4-25M bars. The concrete is 25 MPa normal weight
Objectives
concrete. The steel strength is 420 MPa. Design the anchorage of the 4-25M bars into the column. Consider ACI 11.10.2 as well
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
38 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Cut-Off 65 mm
1. Flexure 115 mm
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
325 mm
Lap Splice
Summary
39 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bar Cut-off
Recall: Location of Reinforcement
Lecture #8
Objectives
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
40 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bar Cut-off
Lecture #8
Objectives
Four major factors affecting location of bar
Bond Stress cut-offs:
Devt Length
Tension 1. When they are no longer needed
Bundled
Compression
2. Development lengths
Hooks
3. Location of moderately high shear force
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length 4. Constructional requirements
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
5. Other requirements
Lap Splice
Summary
42 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
43 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
44 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Lap Splice
Summary
section
= 253
and section
= 308
47 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Lap Splice
Summary
48 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4.The
Construction Req'tsbe
bars should
5. Other Req'ts
anchored into the
support
Lap Splicefor at least
0.5, and
Summary
preferably 0.75.
a. Inclined cracking (shear force) increases the tension force in the flexural
reinforcement
49 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
except
Lap Spliceat supports of simple spans and at
free end of cantilevers
Summary
In addition to shear effect, ACI 12.10.3 also
accounts for the maximum moment shifts
due to changes in loading and support
settlement
50 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Summary
51 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Lap Splice
Summary
section
= 253
and section
= 308
52 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Extension of tension bars
Positive moment: at least 1/3 (simple) or
Summary 1/4 (continuous) the reinforcement shall
be extended at least 150mm.
Negative moment: (beyond pt. of inflection)
at least 1/3 shall be extended either ,
12 or /16 (whichever is greater)
53 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
54 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
5. Other requirements
Lap Splice
5a. Support and inflection point
(tension, compression)
12.11.1, 12.12.3
55 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
5. Other requirements
Lap Splice
5a. Support and inflection point
(tension, compression)
412.12.1, 412.12.3
56 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Splices
Lecture #8
Objectives
Lapped splices, mechanical splices,
Bond Stress welded splices, and end-bearing splices
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Considerations
Hooks
Cut-Off
Limited bar lengths available and
1. Flexure
2. Devt length requirements at construction joints
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts (6 m, 7.5 m, 9 m, 10.5 m, 12 m)
5. Other Req'ts
Reinforcement congestion
Lap Splice
57 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Splices
Lecture #8
Objectives
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
58 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
59 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
Failure of a tension Lap Splice without stirrups
enclosing the splice
60 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
61 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Compression Splices
Lecture #8
Objectives
Compression bars may be spliced by:
Bond Stress Lapping
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
End Bearing
Compression
Welding or Mechanical Devices
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
62 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Lap Splice
Summary
section
= 253
and section
= 308
63 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Problem 8.10
Lap splice locations
Lecture #8
Objectives
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
64 IHST
UP Institute
Standard of Civil (ACI
Bar Details Engineering
7.13)
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
65 IHST
UP Institute of Civil Engineering
Bond Stress
Devt Length
Tension
Bundled
Compression
Hooks
Cut-Off
1. Flexure
2. Devt length
3. Shear Effects
4. Construction Req'ts
5. Other Req'ts
Lap Splice
Summary
66 IHST