GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

REPORT

FOR
PROPOSED PROJECT OF METRO LINE 2 (AC 1)
AT MUMBAI.

CLIENT
DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION
M/s J Kumar Ltd CRTG (JV)

LOCATION
P 242E, P 261 & P 262 Viaduct

REPORT NO.
UES / ADI / SBC-BH / 160009 / 12 / 16-17, Dated: 17/04/2017
 INDEX
DESCRIPTION Page No.

1. ABSTRACT 3

2. ABOUT SITE AND INVESTIGATION 4

2.1 LOCATION 4

2.2 FIELD WORK 4

2.3 BOREHOLES 4

3. LABORATORY TEST 4

4. GROUND WATER TABLE 4

5. SUB SOIL PROFILE 5

6. DESIGN 5

7. SUMMARY OF DESIGN ANALYSIS 6

8. RECOMMENDATION 6

9. ANNEXURE 79

10. BORELOG & SUMMARY 10 12

11. CORE TEST RESULT 13

12. SAMPLE CALCULATION 14 16

1.0 ABSTRACT
We (Unique Engineering Services, Adipur) have carried out the Geotechnical Investigation, which
covers the field sampling and tests, necessary laboratory tests and finally analyzing the sub soil
characteristics and behavior of the soil of the proposed site.

The objective of the geotechnical investigation was to explore the sub soil profile up to predetermined
depth and to work out the design capacity of the soil beneath at a required foundation depth for the
proposed type of foundation.

Following pages represents the conceptual investigation and analysis based on the geotechnical
investigation and study and presenting the same as a detailed report.

The detailed scope of work was as per the instruction of Engineer in-charge. A complete geotechnical
investigation work was undertaken to obtain the required subsurface information to study and define the
nature and behavior of soil, under the application of loads of proposed structures. Such information was
obtained through following steps:

By making bore hole and collecting disturbed and undisturbed soil samples.
Performing required in situ tests (SPT Test).
Conducting laboratory tests to classify it and to determine the engineering properties of soil.

An analysis was made to derive the allowable bearing capacity, taking into considerations the anticipated
settlements and the present soil conditions with future possibilities. Based on such analysis of the soil
properties, the conclusions are made regarding the precautions and protective measures to be taken, if
found necessary.

This report has been prepared after a careful study of the field testing and laboratory test results. The type
and depth of foundation are suggested.
2.0 ABOUT THE SITE AND INVESTIGATIONS
2.1 LOCATION: - The site is located at Ch P 242E, P 261 and P 262 VIADUCT.
2.2 FIELD WORK: - The site investigation work was started on 24th March, 2017 and completed on
09th April 2017.
2.3 BORE HOLES: - Three boreholes were conducted by rotary drilling up to the depth decided by
the Agency.
Table 1: Location, Depth of Borehole
Sr. Depth below
Borehole No. Co-Ordinate
No. EGL, m
1 P 242E Viaduct N 190 13 27.5, E 720 50 26.9 31.0
2 P 261 Viaduct N 190 13 7.1, E 720 50 26.0 26.5
3 P 262 Viaduct N 190 13 6.7, E 720 50 25.6 31.0

Boring was carried out in accordance with I.S 1892 and the undisturbed soil samples were collected in
thin walled tube as per IS: 2132 1986 were sealed packed and brought to our laboratory at Adipur
for further investigation. During the advancement of the boring Disturbed and Undisturbed samples
are collected at every 1.5m interval or at the change of strata whichever occurs earlier. Along with the
samplings, field Standard Penetration Tests is conducted to correlate the strata denseness & stiffness.
Detail procedures are explained in Annexure.

3.0 LABORATORY TESTS: - Following laboratory tests were carried out to determine the
physical and engineering properties of undisturbed and disturbed soil samples. Detail procedures are
explained in Annexure.
(a) Field Dry Density & Field Moisture Content (e) Shear Parameters i.e. C
(b) Atterbergs Limits (f) Water Absorption of Rockc
(c) Particle size distribution (g) Swelling Parameters
(d) Specific Gravity (h) Strength parameters of Rock
4.0 GROUND WATER TABLE: - Water table was encountered at about 7.0 to 12.5m below
EGL upto the depth of termination during the sub soil exploration work.
5.0 SUB SOIL PROFILE: - The field data and laboratory classification is as follows:
5.1 Layer 1 Filled up soil upto 2.5m depth.
5.2 Layer 2 Gravels & Boulders & Brownish Silty Clay of Intermediate Plasticity.
 5.3 Layer 3 Highly Weathered Basalt Rock
5.4 Layer 4 Moderately to Strong Hard Basalt Rock

6.0 DESIGN OF PILE: - As per IRC 78 2014, the axial load carrying capacity has been
evaluated.
Pile in rocks and weathered rocks of varying degree of weathering derive their capacity by end bearing
and socket side resistance. The ultimate load carrying capacity may be calculated from one of the two
approaches given below:
Where core of the rock can be taken and UCS directly established using standard method of testing, the
approach described in Method 1 shall be used.
In situations where strata is highly fragmented, where RQD is nil or (CR + RQD)/2 is less than 30% or
where strata is not classified as a granular or clayey soil or when the crushing strength is less than 10
MPa, the approach described in Method 2 shall be used.
Method 1
Qu = Re + Raf
= Ksp . qc . df . Ab + As . Cus
Qallow = (Re / 3) + (Ra/6)
Where, Qu = Ultimate Capacity of pile socketed into rock in Newtons
Qallow = Allowable Capacity of Pile
Re = Ultimate End Bearing
Ra = Ultimate Side Socket Shear
Ksp = Co-efficient ranges from 0.3 to 1.2
CR = Core Recovery, %
RQD = Rock Quality Designation, %
qc = Average Unconfined Compressive Strength of Rock Core below base of pile for the
depth twice the diameter / least lateral dimension of pile in Mpa.*
Ab = Cross Sectional Area of base of pile
Df = Depth Factor = 1 + 0.4 x (Length of Socket / Diameter of Socket), max 1.2.
As = Surface Area of Socket
Cus = Ultimate shear strength of rock along socket length
= 0.225 qc, but restricted to shear capacity of concrete of pile.
7.0 SUMMARY OF DESIGN ANALYSIS Looking to the types of proposed structure and
the soil strata encountered, following conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given accordingly.
TABLE 1: LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY
Length
Pile
Borehole PILE PILE DIA Below
Capacity,
No TYPE (mm) Cutoff
MT
Level, m
26.25 413

P 242E 1000 26.50 425

27.00 449

18.25 437
Bored Cast
P 261 1000 18.50 449
in situ pile
19.00 472

23.25 437

P 262 1000 23.50 449

24.00 472

8.0 Recommendation
8.1 Precaution for dewatering shall be adopted during construction work.
8.2 Pile Cap shall be rested over 100mm thick P.C.C.
8.3 Pile efficiency in group shall be taken as 80% of Design capacity of Pile.
8.4 Adequacy of Pile capacity shall be checked by Static / Dynamic Pile Load Test at 2.5 times
the design load.
8.5 Working pile shall be checked at 1.5 times design load for the permissible settlement of 12mm.
8.6 Minimum spacing between two piles shall not be less than 2.5 times diameter of the pile.

For Unique Engineering Services, Adipur.

Authorized Signatory
9.0 ANNEXURE
9.1 SAMPLING:
9.1.1 Disturbed soil samples: - Disturbed samples were collected during the boring and also from
the split spoon sampler. The samples recovered were logged, labeled and placed in polythene
bags and sent to laboratory for testing. The samples collected at every 1.50m depth.
9.1.2 Undisturbed soil samples: - Undisturbed soil samples were collected in 75mm diameter
Shelby tubes at every 1.50 m depth at the site location. The sampler used for the sampling had
smooth surface and appropriate area ration and cutting edge angle thereby minimizing
disturbance of soil during sampling. The samples were sealed with wax, labeled and
transported to our laboratory at Vadodara for testing. Sampler was coupled together with a
sampler head to form a sampling assembly. The sampler head provide a non-flexible
connection between the sampling tube and the drill rods. Vent holes are provided in the
sampler head to allow escape of water from the top of sampler tube during penetration. Coating
of oil is applied on both sides to obtain the undisturbed samples in best possible manner. The
sampler was then lowered inside the borehole on a string of drill rods and was driven to pre-
determined level. On completion of driving the sampler was first rotated within the borehole to
shear the soil sample at bottom and then pulled out. The disturbed material in the upper end of
the tube, if any, is completely removed before applying wax for sealing. The soil at the lower
end of the tube is trimmed to about 10 to 15 mm. After trimming, both ends are sealed with
wax applied in such a way that will prevent the soil from giving up from its sample. The
polythene bags cover both the ends. The identification mark was then made on each sample.
9.1.3 Standard Penetration Tests: - SPT is conducted in accordance with IS: 2131-1981 in bores
holes at every change of strata or at an interval of 1.50m depth in uniform strata. The test gives
N-value; the blow counts of last 30cm of penetration of the split spoon sampler with 65kg.
Hammer falling freely from 75cm height. The rods to which the sampler is attached for driving
are straight, tightly coupled and straight in alignment. There after the split spoon sampler is
further driven by 30cm. The number blows required to drive each 15cm penetration is
recorded. The first 15cm penetration is termed as a seating value. The last 30cm penetration
termed as N Value. Respective tables and bore logs in the report shows the detail of N value.

7
9.2 LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURES:
9.2.1 Field Dry Density & Field Moisture Content: Field dry density and Field moisture content
were carried out in accordance with I.S. 2720 (Part-2 1983). The field density is found out by
following equation. The value of F.D.D. & F.M.C. is shown in summary table.
Field Density (bulk) = Weight of soil mass / Volume of soil mass
And Field Dry Density = Bulk Density/ (1 + w), Where w is field moisture content.
9.2.2 Atterbergs Limit: - Liquid limit and Plastic limits are carried out for the determination of
different characteristic of soil. The tests performed in accordance with I.S.2720 P-5-1985 by
using con penetrometer. Liquid limit and plastic limit of soils are both depend up on the
amount and type of clay in a soil and form the basis for the soil classification system for
cohesive soils based on the Plasticity index. The liquid limit of the soil with corresponds to the
moisture content of a paste which would give 25mm penetration of the cone is determined by
using following formula.
WL = Wx / (0.65+0.0175*X).
Where, X = Penetration of cone in the sample
Wx = Moisture Content of the soil sample at the respective penetration
For Plastic Limit, a soil sample weighing at least 20 gm of the soil sample passing 425 micron
IS sieve is thoroughly mixed with water such that it can be easily molded with fingers. A ball is
formed with about 8 to 10 gm of this soil and is rolled between the fingers and the glass plate
with just sufficient pressure to roll the mass into a thread of uniform diameter of 3mm
throughout its length. The soil is kneaded to a uniform mass and rolled again. The process is
continued until the thread crumbles. The pieces of crumbled soil thread are collected for
moisture content determination and reported as plastic limit. Values of LL, PL & PI are shown
in summary 1.
9.2.3 Particle Size Distribution (IS: 2720 Part IV): -The sieve analysis is carried out in accordance
with IS. The results are shown in the summary-1.
9.2.4 Specific Gravity (IS: 2720 Part 3): - In order to determine specific gravity of soil particles
these tests were conducted on Selected samples in 50ml volumetric density bottle using
procedure described in IS. The value of Specific Gravity is shown in summary 2.
9.2.5 Triaxial Shear Test: Triaxial shear (Quick) tests are conducted to determine the shear
parameters of clayey samples. The shear tests are carried out in accordance with IS: 2720 (part
 X, XI, XII & XIII). For unconsolidated undrained (Quick) Triaxial compression test, the
specimen having dia 38mm and height to diameter ration of 2 is prepared and placed on the
pedestal of the triaxial cell after enclosing it in rubber membrane. The cell is then assembled
with the loading ram and then placed in the loading machine. The fluid is admitted to the cell
and the pressure is raised to the desired value. Initial reading of the gauge measuring the axial
compression of the specimen is recorded. The test is then commenced and sufficient number
of simultaneous readings of load and compression measuring gauge being taken. The test is
continued until the maximum value of the stress has been reached or until an axial strain of 20
percent has been attained. The test is carried out at confining stress of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0
kg/cm2. The shear parameters are obtained from a plot of Mohr circles.
9.2.6 Differential Free Swell test (IS: 2720 (P-40, 41)): -In order to determine the swelling
characteristics of the soil, differential free swell test is carried out. An oven dried soil sample,
10 gm passing through 425 micron is poured in two 100 ml graduated cylinder. One cylinder
was filled with distilled water and in kerosene up to 100 ml mark. After the removal of
entrapped air, sample was allowed sufficient time to attain equilibrium state of volume. The
final volume of soil in each cylinder was recorded. Sp = Free swell
Soil volume in water Soil volume in kerosene
Sp =
Soil volume in kerosene
 ROCK CORE TEST RESULTS

Failure Uniaxial
Corrected
Sr. Borehole Depth Diameter Height H/D Load, Compressive
UCS
No. No. KN Strength
m cm cm kN kg/cm2 kg/cm2
1 10.0 5.2 10.0 1.92 28.0 134 134
2 17.5 5.2 10.2 1.96 37.2 179 179
2 25.0 5.4 10.5 1.94 27.7 123 123
3 P 242E 26.5 5.4 10.5 1.94 33.8 150 150
4 28.0 5.3 10.8 2.04 36.4 168 168
5 29.5 5.3 10.8 2.04 43.6 201 201
6 31.0 5.3 10.8 2.04 81.8 378 378
1 10.0 5.1 10.2 2.00 22.8 114 114
2 13.0 5.2 10.2 1.96 39.0 187 187
3 16.0 5.3 10.8 2.04 42.8 198 198
2 17.5 5.3 11.6 2.19 59.2 274 274
3 19.0 5.3 12.4 2.34 66.0 305 305
P 261
2 20.5 5.3 12.8 2.42 69.4 321 321
3 22.0 5.3 12.2 2.30 64.0 296 296
4 23.5 5.3 12.0 2.26 60.5 280 280
5 25.0 5.3 12.4 2.34 45.4 210 210
6 26.5 5.3 13.6 2.57 100.6 465 465
1 13.0 5.3 10.2 1.92 25.2 116 116
2 14.5 5.4 10.8 2.00 22.6 101 101
3 16.0 5.3 11.2 2.11 25.8 119 119
2 19.0 5.4 11.8 2.19 25.8 115 115
3 20.5 5.3 12.6 2.38 28.8 133 133
2 22.0 5.4 11.8 2.19 67.8 302 302
P 262
3 23.5 5.3 12.6 2.38 62.6 289 289
4 25.0 5.4 13.4 2.48 69.6 310 310
5 26.5 5.4 13.0 2.41 74.0 329 329
5 28.0 5.4 13.8 2.56 67.0 298 298
5 29.5 5.4 13.6 2.52 69.5 309 309
6 31.0 5.4 13.2 2.44 94.6 421 421