Drouet Racines Dafna Jordana.

VII Mdulo.
Ingeniera Agroindustrial.

PRESENT PERFECT WITH FOR AND SINCE.

We use Present Perfect tense to talk about action which started in the past and
continues up to the present.

Examples:
I have had this computer for about a year.
How long have you been at this school?
I haven't seen Julia since September.

Tip! For other uses of the Present Perfect tense, see the Present Perfect Tense
- When To Use.

We use for with a period of time, for example: a few days, half an hour, two
years. We use since with the time when the action started, for example: last
year, June 8, I met you.

For/since
The words for and since are used in sentences where the speaker wants to
talk about something that started in the past and continues into the present.

For is used when specifying the amount of time (how long):

I've had this watch for more than 40 years.

I've only known her for a few weeks.
He's been here for 6 months and still can't speak a word of German.
She's been smoking for a long time. No wonder she coughs so much!

Since is used when specifying the starting point:

I've had this watch since 1965.

I've only known her since the beginning of last week.
He's been here since April and he still can't speak a word of German.
She's been smoking since she started grade 5. No wonder she coughs
so much!

Note: The present perfect or present perfect continuous are needed in such
sentences. It is wrong to say:

- I know her for two years.

- I know her since 2006.
 Drouet Racines Dafna Jordana.
VII Mdulo.
Ingeniera Agroindustrial.

Quantifiers
In English grammar, a quantifier is a word (or phrase) which indicates the number or amount
being referred to. It generally comes before the noun (or noun phrase). The chart below shows
which type of noun goes with which quantifier.

However, note that some of the examples in the chart can take on several different roles within
a sentence. For example, any can be used as a quantifier, a pronoun or an adverb:

any as a quantifier: Have you got any tomatoes?

any as a pronoun: I dont want any of you making a noise.
any as an adverb: Cant this car go any faster?
In these notes, we are only considering these words/phrases as quantifiers.

Quantifiers are used at the

beginning of noun phrases:

before a noun on its own: fewer

answers.

before an adjective and

noun: some useful phrase

before an adverb, adjective and

noun: every really pleasant
experience

Normally two quantifiers cannot be used together before the same noun. However, the
quantifiers alland both are found immediately before the or a possessive pronoun: all my
relatives, both the ministers. You will also see the following combinations of quantifiers:

a little less noise

a few more questions
every few minutes

FIRST CONDITIONAL
 Drouet Racines Dafna Jordana.
VII Mdulo.
Ingeniera Agroindustrial.

For real possibility

If I win the lottery, I will buy a car.

We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or
situation in the future, and the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that
this condition will happen. For example, it is morning. You are at home. You plan to
play tennis this afternoon. But there are some clouds in the sky. Imagine that it rains.
What will you do?

if condition result

Present Simple will + base verb

If it rains, I will stay at home.

Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. It is not raining yet. But the sky
is cloudy and you think that it could rain. We use the Present Simple tense to talk
about the possible future condition. We use will + base verb to talk about the
possible future result. The important thing about the first conditional is that there is
a real possibility that the.

Sometimes, we use shall, can or may instead of will, for example: If it's
sunny this afternoon, we can play tennis.

First vs. Zero Conditional:

The first conditional describes a particular situation, whereas the zero
conditional describes what happens in general.

For example (zero conditional): if you sit in the sun, you get burned (here I'm
talking about every time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural
consequence of the sitting)

But (first conditional): if you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking about
what will happen today, another day might be different)
Drouet Racines Dafna Jordana.
VII Mdulo.
Ingeniera Agroindustrial.