SUPPLEMENT to:

The Legalization of Marijuana

in Colorado: The Impact,
Volume 4, September 2016

March2017

Thisbriefreportisasupplementtothe170pagepublication,TheLegalizationof

MarijuanainColorado:TheImpact,Volume4,releasedinSeptember2016.Rocky

MountainHIDTAhaspreparedthissupplementbecauseofthevolumeofinquiriesfor

specificdata.

RockyMountainHIDTAreportsandpublicationscanbefoundatwww.rmhidta.org

andbyclickingonReports.

Whenreviewingthisreport,NOTETHAT:

Theinformationanddatacomesfromgovernmentalsources.

Multiyearcomparisonsaregenerallybetterindicatorsoftrends.Oneyear

fluctuationsdonotnecessarilyreflectatrend.

Percentagecomparisonsmayberoundedtothenearestwholenumber.

PercentagechangesaddedtographswerecalculatedandaddedbyRocky

MountainHIDTA.

Usingtermssuchasmarijuanarelatedortestedpositiveformarijuanadoes

notnecessarilymeanthatmarijuanawasthecauseoftheincident.

Thisreportonlycontainspartialinformationanddoesnotincludetreatment,

crime,revenue,legislation,employment,schoolresourceofficerssurvey,driving

undertheinfluenceofdrugs,amongothercategories.Furtherdataiscontained

intheSeptember2016,Volume4reportinitsentirety.Volume5isanticipatedto

becompiledandreleasedinSeptember2017.

Impaired Driving and Fatalities

Definitions by Rocky Mountain HIDTA

DrivingUndertheInfluenceofDrugs(DUID):DUIDcouldincludealcoholin
combinationwithdrugs.Thisisanimportantmeasurementsincethedriversabilityto
operateavehiclewassufficientlyimpairedthatitbroughthisorherdrivingtothe
attentionoflawenforcement.Notonlytheerraticdrivingbutthesubsequentevidence
thatthesubjectwasundertheinfluenceofmarijuanahelpsconfirmthecausationfactor.

MarijuanaRelated:Alsocalledmarijuanamentions,isanytimemarijuanashows
upinthetoxicologyreport.Itcouldbemarijuanaonlyormarijuanawithotherdrugs
and/oralcohol.

MarijuanaOnly:Whentoxicologyresultsshowmarijuanaandnootherdrugsor
alcohol.

Fatalities:Anydeathresultingfromatrafficcrashinvolvingamotorvehicle.

Operators:Anyoneincontroloftheirownmovementssuchasadriver,pedestrian
orbicyclist.

NOTE:

THEDATAFOR2012THROUGH2015WASOBTAINEDFROMTHECOLORADODEPARTMENTOF
TRANSPORTATION(CDOT).CDOTANDRMHIDTACONTACTEDCORONEROFFICESAND
LAWENFORCEMENTAGENCIESINVOLVEDWITHFATALITIESTOOBTAINTOXICOLOGY
REPORTS.THISREPRESENTS100PERCENTREPORTING.PRIORYEAR(S)MAYHAVEHADLESS
THAN100PERCENTREPORTINGTOTHECOLORADODEPARTMENTOFTRANSPORTATION,
ANDSUBSEQUENTLYTHEFATALITYANALYSISREPORTINGSYSTEM(FARS).ANALYSISOF
DATAWASCONDUCTEDBYROCKYMOUNTAINHIDTA.

Data for Traffic Deaths

ColoradoTrafficDeaths,whereanOperatoror
DriverTestedPositveforMarijuana
OperatorTestedPositive DriverTestedPositive
140
115
120
94
100
NumberofDeaths

78
71 98
80

60 75
65
40 55

20

0
2012* 2013 2014 2015

*2012isthefirstyearwithcompletefatality data

SOURCE: ColoradoDepartmentofTransportation

ColoradoTrafficDeaths,whereanOperatoror
DriverTestedPositveforMarijuana
2012* 20132015(AveragePostRecreationalLegalizaiton)

93

100 76 78
65
NumberofDeaths

80

60

40

20

0
DriverTestedPositive OperatorTestedPositive

*2012isthefirstyearwithcompletefatality data

SOURCE: ColoradoDepartmentofTransportation

 PercentofAllTrafficDeaths,whenanOperator
orDriverTestedPositiveforMarijuana
OperatorTestedPostive DriverTestedPositve

25.00%
21.02%
19.26%
20.00%
16.53%
PercentofDeaths

14.76%
15.00% 17.92%
15.37%
13.77%
10.00%
11.43%

5.00%

0.00%
2012* 2013 2014 2015

*2012isthefirstyearwithcompletefatality data

SOURCE: ColoradoDepartmentofTransportation

PercentofAllTrafficDeaths,whenanOperator
orDriverTestedPositiveforMarijuana
2012* 20132015(AveragePostRecreationalLegalizaiton)

18.35%
16.53%
20.00% 14.91%
13.77%
PercentofDeaths

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0.00%
DriversTestedPositive OperatorsTestedPositive

*2012isthefirstyearwithcompletefatality data

SOURCE: ColoradoDepartmentofTransportation

 IndividualswhoTestedPositivefor
Marijuana,InvolvedinFatalCrashes
OperatorsTestedPositive DriversTestedPositive
120
105

100 87
NumberofPeople

80 70 88
63
60 68
55
40
47

20

0
2012* 2013 2014 2015

*2012isthefirstyearwithcompletefatality data

SOURCE: ColoradoDepartmentofTransportation

IndividualswhoTestedPositivefor
Marijuana,InvolvedinaFatalCrash
2012* 20132015(AveragePostRecreationalLegalizaiton)

85

90 70
68
80
NumberofPeople

55
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
DriversTestedPositive OperatorsTestedPositive

*2012isthefirstyearwithcompletefatality data
SOURCE: ColoradoDepartmentofTransportation

 ColoradoStatePatrol
NumberofDUIDs*
2014 2015 2016

1200 1004
1000 874 842
767
NumberofDUIDs

800 674 641

600 385
354 333
400

200

0
MarijuanaOnly InvolvingMarijuna AllDUIDs

*DrivingUnder theInfluenceofDrugs

SOURCE: ColoradoStatePatrol

MarijuanaasaPercentof
AllDUI/DUIDs*
17.2%

18.0%
13.4%
16.0% 12.2%
14.0%
12.0%
10.0%
8.0%
Percent

6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
10%Increase 28%Increase
0.0%
2014 2015 2016

*DrivingUndertheInfluence ofAlcohol/DrivingUndertheInfluenceofDrugs

SOURCE: ColoradoStatePatrol

Youth Marijuana Use

Data for Youth Use

Youth12to17yearsOld

Top10 Bottom10

NationalAverage=7.20%

1.)Colorado 11.13% 41.)NorthCarolina 5.97%

2.)Vermont 10.86% 42.)Tennessee 5.90%
3.)Alaska 10.64% 43.)Virginia 5.44%
4.)RhodeIsland 10.19% 44.)Oklahoma 5.42%
5.)Maine 10.01% 45.)Louisiana 5.33%
6.)NewHampshire 9.44% 46.)Iowa 5.30%
7.)Oregon 9.42% 47.)Mississippi 5.29%
8.)Massachusetts 9.22% 48.)Nebraska 5.26%
9.)Maryland 9.20% 49.)Alabama 5.16%
10.)Washington 9.17% 50.)Utah 4.54%

SOURCE: SAMHSA.gov,NationalSurveyonDrugUseandHealth2014and2015

 PastMonthMarijuanaUse
YouthAges12to17YearsOld
NationalAverage ColoradoAverage
14.00 12.56
12.00 10.72 11.16 11.13
10.17 10.47
9.91
9.13
AveragePercent

10.00
8.15
7.60
8.00

6.00 7.38 7.64 7.55 7.22 7.20

6.74 7.03 7.15
6.67 6.67
4.00

2.00

0.00
05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15

AnnualAveragesofDataCollection

SOURCE: SAMHSA.gov,NationalSurveyonDrugUseandHealth2014and2015

AveragePastMonthUseofMarijuana
YouthAges12to17YearsOld

11.85%
10.60%
12.00%

10.00%
AveragePercent

8.00%

6.00%

4.00%

2.00%
12%Increase
0.00%
20102012 20132015
PreRecreationalLegalization PostRecreationalLegalization

SOURCE: SAMHSA.gov,NationalSurveyonDrugUseandHealth2014and2015

HealthyKidsColoradoSurvey2013to2015:

CurrentMarijuanaUseforHighSchooland
MiddleSchoolStudentsinColorado
2013 2015

30.0 27.8
26.3
24.3
25.0
PercentofPrevalence

22.1
19.0 18.8
20.0
13.7
15.0 12.4
8.8 8.7 8.8
10.0
4.5
5.0 2.2
0.9
0.0
6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th

Grades

SOURCE: ColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironment,MonitoringHealthConcernsRelated
toMarijuanainColorado:2016,HealthyKidsColoradoSurvey

Adult Marijuana Use

Data for College Age (18 to 25 Years Old)

Top10 Bottom10

NationalAverage=19.70%

1.)Vermont 34.95% 41.)Kansas 15.73%

2.)Colorado 31.75% 42.)Wyoming 15.64%
3.)Maine 29.72% 43.)Texas 15.08%
4.)NewHampshire 29.12% 44.)Oklahoma 14.87%
5.)RhodeIsland 28.89% 45.)NorthDakota 14.77%
6.)Massachusetts 27.39% 46.)Alabama 14.33%
7.)Oregon 26.29% 47.)Mississippi 13.91%
8.)Alaska 25.02% 48.)Idaho 13.69%
9.)Connecticut 24.99% 49.)Iowa 12.67%
10.)Maryland 24.87% 50.)Utah 11.07%

SOURCE: SAMHSA.gov,NationalSurveyonDrugUseandHealth2014and2015

10

 PastMonthMarijuanaUse
CollegeAge18to25YearsOld
NationalAverage ColoradoAverage

35 31.24 31.75
29.05
30 26.35 27.26 26.81
23.44 24.28
AveragePercent

25 21.43 22.21

20

15 18.78 18.89 18.91 19.32 19.7

17.42 18.39
16.42 16.34 16.45
10

0
05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15

AnnualAveragesofDataCollection


SOURCE: SAMHSA.gov,NationalSurveyonDrugUseandHealth2014and2015

AveragePastMonthUseofMarijuana
CollegeAge18to25YearsOld

31.50%
40.00% 27.04%
AveragePercent

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

16%Increase
0.00%
20102012 20132015
PreRecreationalLegalization PostRecreationalLegalization

SOURCE: SAMHSA.gov,NationalSurveyonDrugUseandHealth2014and2015

11

Data for Adults (26+ Years Old)

Top10 Bottom10

NationalAverage=6.55%

1.)Colorado 14.65% 41.)Tennessee 4.81%

2.)Alaska 12.83% 42.)Louisiana 4.71%
3.)Maine 11.84% 43.)Wyoming 4.71%
4.)Vermont 11.61% 44.)Nebraska 4.53%
5.)Oregon 10.99% 45.)Texas 4.32%
6.)RhodeIsland 10.39% 46.)NorthDakota 3.93%
7.)Washington 9.74% 47.)Alabama 3.86%
8.)NewHampshire 9.65% 48.)Mississippi 3.81%
9.)Montana 9.41% 49.)Utah 3.75%
10.)Massachusetts 9.21% 50.)Iowa 3.30%

SOURCE: SAMHSA.gov,NationalSurveyonDrugUseandHealth2014and2015

12

 PastMonthMarijuanaUse
AdultsAge26+YearsOld
NationalAverage ColoradoAverage

16 14.65

14 12.45
12
10.13
AveragePercent

10 8.86
8.19
7.31 7.63
8 6.88
5.88
5.32
6
6.11 6.55
4 5.05 5.45
4.42 4.68 4.8
4.1 4.02 4.06
2

0
05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15

AnnualAveragesofDataCollection

SOURCE: SAMHSA.gov,NationalSurveyonDrugUseandHealth2014and2015

AveragePastMonthUseofMarijuana
AdultAges26+YearsOld
13.55%

14.00%
AveragePercent

12.00%
7.91%
10.00%
8.00%

6.00%
4.00%

2.00%
71%Increase
0.00%
20102012 20132015
PreRecreationalLegalization PostRecreationalLegalization

SOURCE: SAMHSA.gov,NationalSurveyonDrugUseandHealth2014and2015

13

Emergency Department and Hospital

Marijuana-Related Admissions

Data for Emergency Department Visits

NOTE: POSSIBLEMARIJUANAEXPOSURES,DIAGNOSES,ORBILLINGCODESINANYOF
LISTEDDIAGNOSISCODES:THESEDATAWERECHOSENTOREPRESENTTHEHDAND
EDVISITSWHEREMARIJUANACOULDBEACAUSAL,CONTRIBUTING,ORCOEXISTING
FACTORNOTEDBYTHEPHYSICIANDURINGTHEHDOREDVISIT.FORTHESEDATA,
MARIJUANAUSEISNOTNECESSARILYRELATEDTOTHEUNDERLYINGREASONFORTHE
HDOREDVISIT.SOMETIMESTHESEDATAAREREFERREDTOASHDOREDVISITS
WITHANYMENTIONOFMARIJUANA.COLORADODEPARTMENTOFPUBLICHEALTH
ANDENVIRONMENT,MONITORINGHEALTHCONCERNSRELATEDTOMARIJUANAIN
COLORADO:2014

NOTE: DATANOTAVAILABLEPRE2011.

ColoradoEmergencyDepartmentRatesthat
CouldbeRelatedtoMarijuana*
1,200 1,039
1,000 873
754
800 701
618
RatesPer100,000

600
Legalization
400

200

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan Sept2015**
JanSept2015
*RatesofEmergencyDepartment(ED)VisitswithPossibleMarijuanaExposures,Diagnoses,or
BillingCodesper100,000EDVisitsbyYearinColorado

**Only9monthsofcomparable2015dataisavailable

SOURCE: ColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironment,MonitoringHealthConcernsRelated
toMarijuanainColorado:2016

14

ColoradoEmergencyDepartmentRatesthat
CouldbeRelatedtoMarijuana*

889

1,000
660
800
RatesPer100,000

600

400

200
35%Increase
0
(20112012) (2013Sept2015**)
(2013Sept2015)
PreRecreationalLegalization PostRecreationalLegalization

*RatesofEmergencyDepartment(ED)VisitswithPossibleMarijuanaExposures,Diagnoses,or
BillingCodesper100,000EDVisitsbyYearinColorado

**Only9monthsofcomparable2015dataisavailable

SOURCE: ColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironment

15

Data for Hospitalizations

NOTE: POSSIBLEMARIJUANAEXPOSURES,DIAGNOSES,ORBILLINGCODESINANYOF
LISTEDDIAGNOSISCODES:THESEDATAWERECHOSENTOREPRESENTTHEHDAND
EDVISITSWHEREMARIJUANACOULDBEACAUSAL,CONTRIBUTING,ORCOEXISTING
FACTORNOTEDBYTHEPHYSICIANDURINGTHEHDOREDVISIT.FORTHESEDATA,
MARIJUANAUSEISNOTNECESSARILYRELATEDTOTHEUNDERLYINGREASONFORTHE
HDOREDVISIT.SOMETIMESTHESEDATAAREREFERREDTOASHDOREDVISITS
WITHANYMENTIONOFMARIJUANA.COLORADODEPARTMENTOFPUBLICHEALTH
ANDENVIRONMENT,MONITORINGHEALTHCONCERNSRELATEDTOMARIJUANAIN
COLORADO:2014

ColoradoHospitalizationRatesthat
CouldbeRelatedtoMarijuana*
3,500
3,025
Legalization
3,000
2,443
2,500
RatesPer100,000

2,000 1,779
1,417
1,500 1,260 1,313

911 963
1,000 810 818

500

0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan
Jan
Sept
Sept
*RatesofHospitalization(HD)VisitswithPossibleMarijuanaExposures,Diagnoses,or 2015
2015**
BillingCodesper100,000HDVisitsbyYearinColorado

**Only9monthsofcomparable2015dataisavailable

SOURCE: ColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironment,MonitoringHealthConcernsRelated
toMarijuanainColorado:2016

16

 ColoradoHospitalizationRatesthat
CouldbeRelatedtoMarijuana*
2,416

2,500

2,000 1,330
RatesPer100,000

1,500

1,000

500

82%Increase
0
(20102012) (2013Sept2015**)
(2013Sept2015)
PreRecreationalLegalization PostRecreationalLegalization

*RatesofHospitalization(HD)VisitswithPossibleMarijuanaExposures,Diagnoses,or
BillingCodesper100,000HDVisitsbyYearinColorado

**Only9monthsofcomparable2015dataisavailable

SOURCE: ColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironment

17

Marijuana-Related Exposure

Data

NumberofMarijuanaOnly*
ExposuresReported
180
151 153
160 142
Legalization
140
NumberofExposures

120

100 88

80
61
53
60
37 40
34 32
40 28 29 27 25 25
18
20

0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

*Marijuanawastheonlysubstancereferencedinthe calltothepoisoncontrolcenter

SOURCE: RockyMountainPoisonandDrugCenter

18

 AverageNumberofMarijuanaOnly*
ExposuresReported
134
AverageNumberofExposures

150

100 43

50

210%Increase
0
(20092012) (20132016)
PreRecreationalLegalization PostRecreationalLegalization
*Marijuanawastheonlysubstancereferencedinthe calltothepoisoncontrolcenter

SOURCE: RockyMountainPoisonandDrugCenter

ExposuresInvolving*Marijuana
TotalMarijuanaCases Youth(018)Cases
250 231
223 224
Legalization
200
NumberofExposures

150 127
117
110
95 101
86 92
100 77 83
76 70
62 68 62 67
54 50
45 44 45 39
50 29 31 35 30
25 24 21 26 26 27

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

*Other substancesmayalsobereportedinthecall
SOURCE: RockyMountainPoisonandDrugCenter

19

Diversion of Colorado Marijuana

Data for Parcels

NOTE: THESEFIGURESONLYREFLECTPACKAGESSEIZED;THEYDONOTINCLUDEPACKAGES
OFCOLORADOMARIJUANATHATWEREMAILEDANDREACHEDTHEINTENDED
DESTINATION.

ParcelsContainingMarijuanaMailedfrom
ColoradotoAnotherState
854
900
800
700
581
NumberofParcels

Legalization
600
500
320
400
300 207
158
200
100 0 15 36

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

SOURCE: UnitedStatesPostalInspectionService,ProhibitedMailingofNarcotics

20

AverageNumberofParcelsContaining
MarijuanaMailedfromColorado
toAnotherState
491
AverageNumberofParcels

500

400

300

200 52

100
844%Increase
0
(20092012) (20132016)
PreRecreationalLegalization PostRecreationalLegalization

SOURCE: UnitedStatesPostalInspectionService,ProhibitedMailingofNarcotics

21

 PoundsofColoradoMarijuanaSeizedby
theU.S.PostalInspectionService
1725.51
1800
1600
1400 Legalization 1,246.00
NumberofPounds

1200
1000
800
493.05 469.91
600
400 262.00

200 57.20 68.20

0
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

SOURCE: UnitedStatesPostalInspectionService,ProhibitedMailingofNarcotics

AveragePoundsofColoradoMarijuanaSeized
bytheU.S.PostalInspectionService
984

1000
AveragePounds

800

600

400 97

200
914%Increase
0
(20092012) (20132016)
PreRecreational PostRecreational
Legalization Legalization

SOURCE: UnitedStatesPostalInspectionService,ProhibitedMailingofNarcotics

22

Preparedby:
RockyMountainHIDTA
StrategicIntelligenceUnit
www.rmhidta.org

23