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. () = ( + , )
Solucin
= 3 + 2
{
= 2 2
2
=
{ 3
+2
=
2
2 2
( ) = 2
3
+2 2
( ) = 2
{ 2
2 2 +2 2
( ) +( ) = 2 + 2
3 2
2 2 +2 2
( ) +( ) =1
3 2
2 2 +2 2
= {(, ) / ( ) +( ) =1}
3 2
. () = ( , , )
Solucin
=
{ =
=1
2 = 2
{ 2 = 2
=1
2 + 2 = 2 + 2
2 + 2 = 1
= {(, , ) 3 / 2 + 2 = 1 = 1}
. () = ( + , + )
Solucin
= 2 + 3
{
= 1 + 4
2
=
{ 3
1
=
4
2 2
( ) = 2
3
1 2
( ) = 2
{ 4
2 2
( ) = 2
3
1 2
( ) = 1 + 2
{ 4
1 2
( ) = 1 + 2
4
1 2 2 2
( ) =1+( )
4 3
1 2 2 2
( ) ( ) =1
4 3
2
1 2 2 2
= {(, ) / ( ) ( ) = 1}
4 3
. () = (. , + . , )
Solucin
= 2. 3 1
{ = 2 + 2. 3
= 2 3
+ 1 = 2. 3
{ 2 = 2. 3
+ 3 = 2
( + 1)2 = 2 2. 2 3
{ ( 2)2 = 2 2. 2 3
( + 3)2 = 2 2
= 2 2. 2 3 + 2 2. 2 3 + 2 2
. () = ( , ( ) , ( ))
Solucin
=
{ = (2 )
= 2(2 )
2 = 2
{ 2 = 2 2
2 = 4 2
2 = 2
{ 2 = 2
=
Reemplazando la tercera componente en la segunda
2 = 2
2 = (4 2 ) 2
2 + 2 + 2 = 4
= {(, , ) 3 / 2 + 2 + 2 = 4}
. () = ( , , )
Solucin
= 2 2
{ = 2 2
= 2 2
=
2 2
=
2 2
{ = 2 2
2
= 2
( 2 2 )2
2
= 2
( 2 2 )2
{ 2 = ( 2 2 )2
2
4 4
= 2
2
4 4
= 2
{ 2 = 4 4
2 2
+ 4 4 = 2 + 2
4 4
2 2
+ =1
4 4 4 4
2 + 2
=1
4 4
2 + 2 = 4 4
2 + 2 = 4 4
2 + 2 = 2
2 + 2 2 = 0
= {(, , ) 3 / 2 + 2 2 = 0}
. () = ( + , )
Solucin
= 8 + 6
{
= 6 8
2 = (8 + 6)2
{
2 = (6 8)2
2 = 642 + 96. + 36 2
{ 2
= 362 96. + 64 2
96. + 64 2
2 + 2 = 1002 + 100 2
2 + 2 = 100(2 + 2 )
2 + 2 = 100
2 + 2 = 102
= {(, ) 2 / 2 + 2 = 102 }
8. () = ( , , )
= 3 5 2 = 6 2 5
= 3 5 2 = 6 2 5
= 4 3 = 4 3
3 () : {(x, y, z) / 2 + 2 = 6 z = 4 3 }
9. () = (, )
2
= 5 2 = 252 = 2
25
2
= 4 2 = 162 = 2
16
2 2
() : {(x, y) / + =1}
25 16
III. EVALUAR LOS SIGUIENTES LMITES SIN DERIVAR:
1 2 1 6 1 3
1. lim [ , , ( ) ]
0 2 4 2
1 2 2
lim = lim = lim . lim = (1)(1) = 1
0 2 0 2 0 0
1 1 1 1+ 1 (1 2 )
lim = lim . = lim =
0 4 2 4 0 2 1+ 4 0 2 (1+)
1 (1 2 ) 1 2
= lim 2 = lim 2 =
4 0 (1 + ) 4 0 (1 + )
1 2 1 1 2 1
= lim 2 . lim = (lim ) . lim
4 0 0 (1 + ) 4 0 0 (1 + )
1 1 1
= (1) ( ) =
4 2 8
6 1 3 6 1 6 1 6 1
lim( ) = lim( )( )( ) =
0 0
6 1 6 1 6 1
= lim ( ) . lim ( ) . lim ( )=
0 0 0
( + 1)( 1)( 4 + 2 + 1)
= lim
0
( 1)
= lim . lim( + 1) . lim( 4 + 2 + 1) = (1). (2). (3) = 6
0 0 0
6 1 3
lim( ) = (6). (6). (6) = 216
0
+ +
2. [ , (+) , ]
+1 1 (+1 1) (+1 + 1) ( + 1)1
lim = lim . = lim =
0 0 (+1 + 1) 0 ()(+1 + 1)
1 1
lim = lim =
0 ()( + 1 + 1) 0 + 1 +1 2
1 1
+ 1 + lim + lim
lim = lim
(1+)
= 0 0
(1+) =
0 (1+) 0 lim
0
+1 2
1 = =2
lim (1+) 1
0
5 1 3 1 5 1 3 1
5 3 + lim + lim
lim = lim
4 1 2 1
= 0
4 1
0
2 1
=
0 4 2 0 + lim + lim
0 0
5
(5)(3) (3)
=
(4)(2) (2)
3.
[ , , ( )]
9 1 (3 1)(6 + 3 + 1)
lim = lim =
4 4 4 4
( 1)(2 + + 1)(6 + 3 + 1)
lim =
4 4
==+
4 4
=> = 0
4
( + 4)
1
9 ( + 4 ) 1 cos( + 4 )
lim = lim =
0 0
2
( + 4 ) = () ( 4 ) + (4 ) cos() = ( + )
2
2
cos ( + 4 ) = cos() cos ( 4 ) () (4 ) = ( )
2
2
( + )
2 1
2 (
) + cos cos +
lim 2 = 2 lim
0 0 (cos )
1
2lim = 2. lim . lim = 2. (1). (1) = 2
0 (cos ) 0 0 cos
9 1
lim = (2). (1 + 1 + 1). (1 + 1 + 1) = 18
4 4
5 4 1
lim =
4 4
= 5 4 1 = 5 ( + 1)
4
=> 0
4
1 1
lim = lim 1 = lim 1 =
0 ( + 1) 0 0
5 ( + 1) 5 ( + 1)
5
1 1
= 1 = = 5 = (5)
5 ()
5 (lim ( + 1) )
0
lim ( ) = ( tan(4 ) ) = () = 1
4
+
4. [ , , ]
( ) +
4 4 4
1 4
lim = lim ( ) = lim
=
=
=
0 ( ) 0 4 0 ( 4 ) ( ) 1
4 lim 4
0
4 4
4+ 4 1+1 1
lim = =
0 4 + 4 4 2
10 15
10 15
lim = lim 1015 =
0 1015 0
10 1 15 1 10lim 10 1 15lim 15 1
10 15
lim = 0 0
0 10 15 10 15
10lim 15lim
0 10 0 15
=
10(1) 15(1) 5
= = =1
10(1) 15(1) 5
( )( ) ()
5. [ , ]
( )
5 25 5(5) 25 0
lim = = = 0
5 (5 ) (5(5) ) (5)
( ) (+)
6. [ , , ]
2
(1 6 )2 [(1 2 )(4 + 2 + 1 )]
lim = lim =
0 4 0 4
[(2 )( 4 + 2 + 1 )]2
= lim =
0 [ 2 ]2
2
(2 )( 4 + 2 + 1 )
= lim [ ] =
0 2
2
2
= lim [( 2 )( 4 + 2 + 1 )] =
0
4 4
= [lim ] . [lim ( 4 + 2 + 1)]
0 0
= (1)4 (1 + 1 + 1)4 = 81
+4
(+4) 4 ( )
4
lim = lim =
0 0
( + 1) 1
= lim 4 = lim (1 + ) =
0 0 4
1
1 4 4
1
= lim (1 + ) = (lim (1 + ) ) = ()4
0 4 0 4
[ ]
1
=
4
5 3 5 1 3 1
5 3
lim = lim 7 4
= lim 7 1 4 1
=
0 7 4 0 0
5 1 3 1 5
lim lim (5) (3) ( )
3
= 0 0
= =
7 1 4 1 (7) (4) 7
lim lim ( )
0 0 4
3. ( , , )
1
() = ( 1 2, 2 + 2, )
2 2
1 1
() = (2 1 , 2 +2 , )
4( 2)3
4. () = ( , , )
+ +
()
16 4( 2 + 1) 2 2 2
=( , , 2)
( + 8)2 ( 2 + 1)2
()
2 + 1
3
= (32( + 8) , 4 2 , 2)
( + 1)3
. () = (( ), , )
()
2 2 2 8
=( 2 , , )
9 9 2 4 8 2 + 16
2
9 2 +
2 2 9 9 2 , 2( 2 4( 2 + 4)
() = ( 2 , ))
( 9)2 9 2 ( 2 4)2 ( 4)3
. () = ( () , ())
() = (9 sec() (), 16 sec()2 )
() = (9 sec() ()2 , 32 sec()2 ())
, ,
7. {
, =
Continuidadlim
0
1
lim
0 2
1
lim =
0 2 2
4 1
lim
0
lim 4 4 = 4
0
() , 4 4 , 0
= { 2
0,0 = 0
(0) = (0,0)
8. Analizar si la
(4) 8 1
() = { , , 0
(4,8) = 0
Admite derivada en el punto t=0 y hallar el valor de la derivada.
+ 1 > 0
> 1
1,+
1
Dominio de :
1+ 2
1 + 2 0
2
Dominio de :
1+ 2
1 + 2 0
c) Interpretar H(0) y (0)
(0) = (1,0,0)
(0) = 12 + 02 + 02 = 1
Pregunta 2
F(t)=(cost,sent,t)
f`(t)=(-sent,cost,1), modulo
()2 + ()2 + 12 =2
f``(t)=(-cost,-sent,0), modulo
()2 + ()2 + 02 =1
Vector tangente=tg
,,1
Tg= , cuando t =
2
0,1,1
Tg=
2
Vector normal
,,0
Vn= 1
, cuando t =
1,0,0
Vn = 1
Planos fundamentales
Plano oscilador
0,1,1
((, , ) (1,0, )) =0
2
Y+z- =0
Plano normal
0,1,1
((, , ) (1,0, ))=0
2
Y+z- =0
Plano rectificante
1,0,0
1
((, , ) (1,0, ))=0
-x-1=0
X+1=0
()`
Curvatura: k =// //
()`
1
K=()2 + ()2 + 02 /()2 + ()2 + 12 =
2
Torsion
Siendo r = t
F(t)```=sent,-cost,0
(,,1).(,.0)
2
2
-1/2
Problema 2
F(t)= ( 2 , ,
2,0,1
Tg=
42 +1
Vector normal
2,cost,sent
Vn= , cuando t =
(2)2 +()2 +()2
2,1,0
Vn =
5
v.b =5 + 4 2
Planos fundamentales
Plano oscilador
2,0,1
((, , ) ( 2 , 1,0)) =0
42 +1
2x- 2 +z=0
Plano normal
2,1,0
((, , ) ( 2 , 1,0))=0
5
2x- 2 -y+1=0
Plano rectificante
1,2,2
((, , ) ( 2 , 1,0))=0
5+42
x- 2 +2y-2-2z=0
Sen = cos
Adems:
(0) = (0,1,0); (1) = (0,0,1)
Por lo tanto:
= {(0,1,0) + (0,0,1)/ }
Problema 4
Hallar la curvatura y torsin de la curva que resulta de la interseccin de
las superficies:
= + + = : = +
Solucin:
1 : 2 + 2 + 2 = 6
2 : = 2 + 2
Reemplazamos S2 en S1 y tenemos:
2 + 6 = 0
( + 3)( 2) = 0
= 3 =2
Pero en S2 nos damos cuenta que z es positivo entonces z= 2, reemplazamos en S1:
= 2 cos
= 2 sen
Entonces la funcin vectorial es:
() = (2 cos , 2 sen ,
()()
=
()3
Hallamos el producto vectorial de f(t) y f(t) .
()() = |1 1 0| = (0) (0) + (2) = (0,0,2)
1 1 0
Ahora hallamos su norma:
()() = 02 + 02 + 22 = 2
Problema 5
Hallar la ecuacin de las 3 rectas y los 3 planos fundamentales, la
curva y la torsin de la curva :F(t)=(4cost,4sent,2t) en t =
Para
F(t)=(-4sent,4cost,2)
F(t)=(-4cost,4sent,0)
F(t)=(4sent,4cost,0)
F(t)x F(t)=
4 4 2
4 4 0
=(8sent,8cost,16)
Para el vector tg
F(t)=(-
4sent,4cost,2)/(4)2 + (4)2 + 22
Tg=(0,4,2)/20
Para el vector normal
F(t)=(-
4cost,4sent,0)/ (4)2 + (4)2 + 02
Normal =(4,0,0)
(4,0,0)/4
Para el vector binormal
Binrmal=(0,8,16)/85
Plano oscilante
(0,4,2)((x,y,z)-( (4,0,2))=0
Plano rectificante
(4,0,0) ((x,y,z)-( (4,0,2))=0
Plano normal
(0,8,16) ((x,y,z)-( (4,0,2))=0
()`
k =// //
()`
k=4/20
(0,8,16) (0,4,0)
645
=32/64x5=1/10
Problema 6
Si es la curva descrita por la funcin
g(t) =(cost, 1-sent,- ), hallar los
vectores T(t),N(t),B(t) y la ecuacin de
los tres planos fundamentales en el punto
(, , ).
Para
g(t)x g(t)=
4 3
5
sent cost 5
sent
4 3
5
cost sent 5
cost
=(-3/5 2 3/5 2 ,
g(t)=(0,2,0)
4
Cost=0
5
1-sent=2
3
-5 =0
3
Resolviendo el sistema de 3 ecuaciones t =
4
4 3 4 3
Vector tangent=( sent, -cost, sent)/modulo de ( sent, -cost, sent)
5 5 5 5
3
t=
4
(4/5,0,3/5)
t=
1
4 3 4 3
Vector normal=( cost, -sent, cost)/modulo( cost, -sent, cost)
5 5 5 5
3
N=
4
N=(0 ,-1,0)/1
5(1,0,4/5)
B=
41
Plano oscilante
(-4/5,0,-3/5)((x,y,z)-(0,2,0))=-4/5x+-3/5z=0
Plano rectificante
(0 ,-1,0)((x,y,z)-(0,2,0))=0
Y=-2
Plano normal
(-1,0,-4/5)((x,y,z)-(0,2,0==0
-5x=4z
Problema 7
Halla la curvatura y la torsin de g(t)=(cost, sent, 2)
g(t)=(-sent,cost,0)
g(t)=(-cost,-sent,0)
g(t)=(sent,cost,0)
g(t)x g(t)=(0,0,1)
Modulo de (0, 0, 1) =1
Curvature:
() "
|| (t)||
K= ()||3
||
||1||
K=
|| 2 + 2 ||3
K=1
Torsin:
()().()
= ()()2
=
Problema 8
() ( , +
) , en el punto donde el
plano normal es paralelo al plano z =1
Calculando en (1):
Curvatura:
(0) "
|| (0)||
K= (0)||3
(a)
||
(0) "
(0)= (-2, 0, 0)
||(0) "
(0)||=2
|| (0)||3 = 8
Reemplazando en (a)
K=
Torsin:
( (0)).
(0) " (0)
=
|| (0) " (0)||2
= -1/2
VI.- Calcular la longitud de arco de las siguientes curvas
1. : () = (0 , 0 , 4) , = 1 = 1 , tal
que g(t1) es el punto donde g(t1) es paralelo al plano YZ, 1< t1< 4.
SOLUCION
()
=
2 5
() = ( , , ) () =
1
5
= . . (1)
() // (1 ). = 0
YZ
1 1 2
( , , ) . (1, 0, 0) = 0 1 = 0
1 1 1
1 =
2
En (1):
5 2 2 1
/2
= = 5 ()2 = 25 1/2 /1 = 25 ( ) 25
1 1 2
= 25( 1)
2
2. : () = ( + 3, 2, 3 ), 0 4
SOLUCION
() = (1 + 3, 2, 3 )
{
() = 22
Entonces:
4 4
= 22 = 22 = 22/40 = 82
0 0
= 82
3. : () = (5 3 , 5 3 )
SOLUCION
() = (15 2 , 152 )
{
() = 15
Entonces:
/2
15 /2 15
= 15 = 2 /0 =
2 2
15
=
2
() = (2, 2 , ln()), = 1 = e
4. :
SOLUCION
1
() = (2, 2, )
4 4 + 4 2 + 1
() =
{ 2
4 4 + 4 2 + 1 1
= = 4 4 + 4 2 + 1 =
2
1 1
1 1 1 1
4( + ) + 1 = 4 ( 4 + 2 + ) + 1 =
4 2
1 1 4 4
1 1 2 1 2 1
2
4( ) = 2 ( ) = 2
1 2 1 2 1 1
2 2
= ( )/1 = ( 2 ) (1 1)
2
= 2
() = (2 2 3 3 2 3, 2 2 3 + 3 2 3 )
{
() = (2 2 3 3 2 3)2 + (2 2 3 + 3 2 3 )2
() = (2 2 3 3 2 3, 2 2 3 + 3 2 3 )
{
() = 13 2
2 2 13
= 13 = 13 = 2 2
0 0 2 0
13 2 13 2
= . /0 = ( 0)
2 2
13
= (1 2 )
2
() = (4, 22, 2 )
2 2
() = (22)2 + (22)2 + (
)
{
() = (4, 22, 2 )
4 2 + 42 2
() =
=
{ 2
32 3
= = 2 = 2ln( + )/3
6 6 6
= 2[ln ( + ) ln ( + )]
3 3 6 6
3 3
= 2[ln (2 + ) ln( )]
2 3
43+3
= 2 ln ( )
6
1 20 = 2
1
{ 0 2 = 20 =
2
y 0 = 1
2 2(01) = 4 2(01)
Adems:
(1) = (1,1,2); (1) = (2,2,4) = 2(1,1,2)
Por lo tanto:
= {(1,1,2) + (1,1,2)/ }
2. Hallar la ecuacin de los tres planos fundamentales, la curvatura y
torsin a la curva
() = (, , ), =
SOLUCION
Las ecuaciones de los planos fundamentales tienen la siguiente
forma:
()[(, , ) (0 , 0 , 0 )]
=
()[(, , ) (0 , 0 , 0 )]
{ =
()[(, , ) (0 , 0 , 0 )]
=
Donde para el clculo de cada uno de ellos necesitamos conocer el
vector tangente, normal y binormal, entonces:
Para el vector tangente y el plano normal
()
() =
()
() = (, , 1 )
{
() = ()2 + ()2 + (1)2 = 2
Adems:
() = (1,0, )
{
() = (0, 1,1 )
(0, 1,1 ) 1 1
() =
= (0, , )
2 2 2
()[(, , ) (0 , 0 , 0 )]
=
1 1
= (0, , )[(, , ) (1,0, )]
2 2
: + = 0
Para el vector Binormal y el plano osculador
()()
() =
, =
()()
() = (0, 1,1)
{
() = (1,0,0 )
()() = | 0 1 1| = (0, 1,1)
1 0 0
1 1
() = (0,
, )
2 2
()[(, , ) (0 , 0 , 0 )]
=
1 1
= (0, , )[(, , ) (1,0, )]
2 2
: + = 0
Para el vector normal y el plano rectificante
El vector Normal se puede calcular como:
() =
()
()
1 1
| |
() = 0
2 2 = (1,0,0)
| 1 1|
0
2 2
()[(, , ) (0 , 0 , 0 )]
=
= (1,0,0)[(, , ) (1,0, )]
: + 1 = 0
Para el clculo de la curvatura utilizamos la siguiente formula:
|()()|
() = 3
|()|