Brochure Degree Courses

Degree Courses
at German Universities
An Overview by Subject Area
9th Edition
DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Publisher DAAD
Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst
German Academic Exchange Service
Kennedyallee 50, D-53175 Bonn (Germany)
www.daad.de
Section: Promotion of Studies and Research in Germany, Internet
Project Coordination Alexander Haridi, Anne Mnkel
Publishing House BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH, Nrnberg
Editor Simone Krach-Kestin
Translation Guy Moore, Bad Honnef
Layout LPG Loewenstern Padberg GbR, Bonn
Typesetting W. Bertelsmann Verlag, Bielefeld
Printed by Moeker Merkur Druck GmbH, Kln
Print-run May 2008 10,000
Excerpt from www-en.studienwahl.de with the kind permission of the editors, Die Lnder der
Bundesrepublik Deutschland and Bundesagentur fr Arbeit (BA); responsible for the contents:
BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH
for the contents: Die Lnder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bundesagentur fr Arbeit and
BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH
Degree Courses at German Universities 9th Edition: DAAD
Any reproduction, even of extracts, only with appropriate source details.
This publication was funded by the German Federal Foreign Office.

Degree Courses at German Universities 3
Content
6 Introduction
9 Abbreviations
15 1 Agriculture and Forest Science

16 Farming/Agriculture, Viniculture
18 Forestry, Forest Management
20 Horticultural Sciences
21 Landscape Architecture, Landscape Management
23 Wood and Timber Management, Wood and Timber Engineering, Wood and Timber
Construction, Wood and Timber Interior Fitting and Renishing
25 2 Engineering
26 Aerospace Engineering
27 Architecture, Urban Planning
30 Automotive Engineering, Trafc and Transport Engineering
31 Civil Engineering
34 Electrical Engineering and Information Technology
37 Environmental Protection, Ecology, Waste Disposal Technology
39 Food Technology
41 Public Health Engineering, Medical Technology and Engineering
43 Industrial Engineering
45 Materials Sciences, Materials Engineering, Building Materials, Paper Engineering
49 Mechanical Engineering
52 Mechatronics
54 Mining, Geoengineering, Mine Surveying
57 Navigation: Nautical Science, Ship Operations Engineering, Maritime Transport
58 Optical Technologies
61 Precision and Micro Engineering
62 Printing Technology and Media Technology
65 Production Engineering
66 Public Utilities Engineering, Facility Engineering
68 Regional and Area Planning

4 Degree Courses at German Universities
69 Ship Engineering, Nautical and Marine Engineering/Technology

70 Surveying/Geodesy, Cartography
73 Textile Engineering, Clothing Technology
75 3 Languages, Humanities, Cultural Studies, Art and Design

76 Art History
77 Cultural Studies
79 Design
81 Drama and Theatre Studies
82 German Studies
84 History
86 Interior Design
87 Jewish Studies, Judaic Studies
88 Library Administration, Archive Administration, Documentation
91 Linguistic and Speech Sciences, including Phonetics, Linguistics and Rhetoric
93 Media
95 Media Studies, Journalism
96 Music, Performing Arts
99 Musicology
101 Philology, Classical
102 Philology, Modern
106 Philosophy
108 Religious Studies
109 Translating and Interpreting
110 Visual Arts
113 4 Law and Economics/Business Administration

114 Business Information Systems
116 Commercial Law
117 Economic Sciences
123 Law
124 Transportation and Logistics
127 5 Mathematics, Natural Sciences

128 Biochemistry
129 Biology
131 Biotechnology, Bioengineering
133 Chemistry, Food Chemistry
136 Computer Science
140 Domestic and Nutritional Science/Dietetics
141 Geography

Content 5
143 Geosciences/Earth Sciences

145 Mathematics
148 Physics, Physical Engineering, Astronomy
151 Process Engineering/Chemical Engineering
153 Statistics
155 6 Medical and Public Health Services

156 Dentistry
157 Medicine
159 Nursing and Public Health Studies, Education and Management in the Public Health
System
160 Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Engineering
162 Therapy professions
165 Veterinary medicine
167 7 Social Sciences

168 Educational Science
169 Political Science
170 Psychology
172 Religious Education
174 Social Sciences, Sociology
175 Social Work, Social Education, Social Affairs
177 Sport
179 Theology (Catholic)
180 Theology (Protestant)
183 Higher Education Institutions in Germany
203 Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses
230 Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD
232 Where to find more information

Introduction
Welcome to the world of German higher sciences, medicine, law, economics and
education! This guide provides an over- business administration, social sciences,
view of the wide range of study opportuni- arts and humanities, and agricultural
ties, curricula and degree programmes sciences.
that Germanys many higher education
institutions offer. Universities of applied sciences (in
German Fachhochschulen or some-
We have various types of higher education times just Hochschulen, abbreviated
institutions. There are traditional uni- as FH and HS, respectively) differ from
versities, including technical universities the traditional universities above in one
and universities of technology and other important respect. They do not award
academic institutions of equivalent status, doctorates. Rather, these institutions pro-
such as medical schools and universities, vide their students with the qualifications
universities of education, church col- needed to work independently in their
leges (Protestant), colleges of philosophy chosen professions, where they apply the
and theology (Catholic) and colleges and scientific knowledge and artistic skills
universities of art, film and music. And, that they have acquired in their academic
finally, there are universities of applied studies. Some of the degree programmes
sciences (Fachhochschulen). offered by universities of applied sci-
ences correspond with those offered by
Traditional universities and institutions universities. The goals and contents of
of equivalent status teach and research. these programmes have a clear practi-
They are entitled to confer academic cal and applied focus as expressed in the
degrees (Bachelors, Masters, State Exam- name universities of applied sciences.
ination, doctoral degrees and in some Students of such programmes complete
cases Diplom and Magister degrees). extended periods of practical training
Universities also set and hold examina- (internships, work placements, practical
tions. Those wishing to work in research semesters) as an inherent part of their
or academia can obtain the qualifica- curriculum. Students at universities of
tions they need from these institutions. applied sciences graduate with a Bach-
The subjects offered by these are often elors or a Masters degree. In some cases,
grouped together in faculties, depart- the Diplom degree is awarded with an FH
ments, schools or other units. Typical label to denote that it was conferred by a
examples include engineering, natural Fachhochschule.

Introduction 7
Colleges of art, film and music offer An English-German index of common

degree courses in artistic and musical degree programme titles at the end of
subjects. They generally offer special art the brochure aims to help you gain a bet-
or music degrees. They are also entitled to ter understanding of the German higher
confer doctorates. education system. You will also find a list
of all the higher education institutions in
All of Germanys higher education institu- Germany, along with important links on
tions are currently reforming their degree where you can find more information.
structure in accordance with the Bologna
Process. This involves a transition from Admission: There are various ways to
Diplom and Magister degrees to Bachelors apply for a study place at a German
and Masters degrees. Bachelors pro- higher education institution. The ques-
grammes last six to eight semesters, gen- tion of which route is the right one for you
erally equal to 180 credit points; Masters depends on your chosen subject, on the
programmes last between two and four higher education institution in question,
semesters, covering a maximum of 120 and on your country of origin. Internation-
credit points. Holders of a Masters degree al applicants are required to present school
meet the formal requirement for admission or academic certificates that are also recog-
to a doctoral programme at a university. nised as higher education entrance qualifi-
cations in their country of origin or home
The winter semester 2007/2008 already country. International students often have
saw around two thirds of all degree pro- to apply direct to the International Office
grammes offered with these international (Akademisches Auslandsamt) or to the
degrees. The deadline for the final com- Registrars Office (Studierendensekreta-
pletion of these reforms has been set at riat) at the university at which they would
2010. This means that some courses and like to study.
programmes will no longer be continued,
while, in other cases, new courses and pro- More than 100 German higher education
grammes will be opened sometimes at institutions only process applications from
quite short notice. abroad after these have been checked for
formal compliance by uni-assist (Service
Please also note that degree programmes Centre for International Student Applica-
qualifying graduates for an academic pro- tions).
fession will continue to end with a state
examination degree (Staatsprfung/Staats- On the other hand, higher education
examen). The professions in question are: institutions are increasingly deciding for
Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Science, themselves who can study at their institu-
Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Teaching, and tion on the basis of certain quality criteria.
Law. The relevant chapters provide more Furthermore, special qualifications such
information on the structure and length of as certificates confirming the completion
these degree programmes. of an internship or special aptitude or

skills may be required before the studies courses offered in Germany. For addi-
begin. More information on questions of tional information please check the other
admission can be found at www.daad.de/ DAAD publications.
zulassung, at www.uni-assist.de and at
www.anabin.de. anabin is a database (Ger- The International Office (Akademisches
man language only) run by the Central Auslandsamt) and the Registrars Office
Office for Foreign Education that provides (Studierendensekretariat) are the most
information on the recognition of for- important contact points for foreign stu-
eign educational or academic certificates. dents at German higher education institu-
Applicants from abroad are also generally tions (For a list of addresses: see page 183).
required to prove that they have adequate
German language skills before they can Please note:
start studying in Germany. This proof can Various German abbreviations have not
best be provided by submitting certain lan- been translated, especially in the list of
guage certificates. course or programme providers. Where no
exact English equivalent exists for a Ger-
Once you have decided on which subject man institution, just the German title will
you wish to study, the guide will provide be given. The same applies to the degrees
a detailed description of the programmes Diplom and Magister.
and degrees in alphabetical order.
We now wish you all the best in your
The guide only contains information of search for a degree programme that meets
relevance to degree programmes and your requirements and interests!

Abbreviations 9
Abbreviations
AKAD FH AKAD Fachhochschule (AKAD University of Applied Sciences)

AkdBK Akademie der Bildenden Knste (Academy of Visual Arts)
AMD Akademie Mode & Design (Academy of Fashion and Design)
ASFH Alice-Salomon Fachhochschule fr Sozialarbeit und Sozialpdagogik
Berlin (University of Applied Sciences Social Work and Social
Education)
BC Baltic College Gstrow (University of Applied Sciences)
BiTS Business and Information Technology School
BLS Bucerius Law School
BTK Berliner Technische Kunsthochschule (Berlin Technical College of
Art)
DHV Deutsche Hochschule fr Verwaltungswissenschaften (German
University of Administrative Sciences)
DIU Dresden International University
DSHS Deutsche Sporthochschule (German Sports University)
EBS European Business School
EFB Evangelische Fachhochschule Berlin (Protestant University of
Applied Sciences Berlin)
EFF Europa Fachhochschule Fresenius (European University of Applied
Sciences Fresenius)
EHS Evangelische Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit (Protestant University of
Applied Sciences Social Work)
ESCP-EAP Europische Wirtschaftshochschule (European School of Manage-
ment)
Esmt European School of Management and Technology
EUFH Europische Fachhochschule (European University of Applied
Sciences)
EvFH Evangelische Fachhochschule (Protestant University of Applied
Sciences)
EvFHS Evangelische Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit (Protestant University of
Applied Sciences Social Work)
FABW Filmakademie Baden-Wrttemberg (College of Film Baden-
Wrttemberg)
FernFH Fern-Fachhochschule (Distance Studies University of Applied
Sciences)

FernU Fernuniversitt (Distance Studies University)

FH Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences)
FHAM Fachhochschule fr angewandtes Management (University of
Applied Sciences applied Management)
FHdD Fachhochschule der Diakonie (Diaconia-University of Applied
Sciences)
FHDW Fachhochschule fr die Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences
Business and Management)
FHKunst Fachhochschule fr Kunsttherapie, Kunstpdagogik und Kunst
(University of Applied Sciences Art, Art Therapy and Art Educa-
tion)
FHM Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (University of Applied Sciences of
the Small Business)
FHTelekom Deutsche Telekom Fachhochschule (German Telekom University of
Applied Sciences)
FHTG Fachhochschule fr Technik und Gestaltung (University of Applied
Sciences Technology and Design)
FHTW Fachhochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Applied
Sciences Technology and Business)
FHVR Fachhochschule fr Verwaltung und Rechtspflege (University of
Applied Sciences for Administration and Legal Affairs)
FHW Fachhochschule fr Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences
Business and Management)
FHWT Fachhochschule fr Wirtschaft und Technik (University of Applied
Sciences Business and Technology)
FilmHS Hochschule fr digitale Medienproduktion (The German Film
School)
FOM Fachhochschule fr Oekonomie & Management (University of
Applied Sciences Economics & Management)
FU Freie Universitt (Free University)
GSA Gustav-Siewerth-Akademie (Gustav-Siewerth-Academy)
H Hochschule (Higher Education Institution)
HandelsH Handelshochschule Leipzig (Leipzig Graduate School of
Management)
HAW Hochschule fr Angewandte Wissenschaften (University of Applied
Sciences)
HAWK Hochschule fr angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst (University of
Applied Sciences and Arts)
HBK Hochschule fr Bildende Knste (College of Fine Arts)
HCU HafenCity Universitt (Harbour City University Hamburg)
HdM Hochschule der Medien (Media University)
HfBK Hochschule fr Bildende Knste (College of Fine Art)

Abbreviations 11
HFF Hochschule fr Film und Fernsehen (College of Film and

Television)
HfG Hochschule fr Gestaltung (University of Design)
HfGest Hochschule fr Gestaltung (College of Design)
HFH Hamburger Fern-Hochschule (Hamburg Distance Learning Institute)
HfK Hochschule fr Knste (University of Arts)
HfKi Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik (College of Church Music)
HfKiM Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik (College of Church Music)
HfKM Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik und Musikpdagogik (College of
Church Music and Music Education)
HfKuD Hochschule fr Kunst und Design (College of Art and Design)
HfM Hochschule fr Musik (College of Music)
HfMDK Hochschule fr Musik und Darstellende Kunst (College of Music
and Performing Arts)
HfMT Hochschule fr Musik und Theater (College of Music and Theatre)
HfP Hochschule fr Politik (University for Political Studies)
HfS Hochschule fr Schauspiel (College of Drama)
HFS Hochschule fr Sozialwesen (University of Applied Sciences Social
Studies)
HFT Hochschule fr Technik (University of Applied Sciences
Technology)
HfTL Hochschule fr Telekommunikation Leipzig (University of
Telecommunications Leipzig)
HfWU Hochschule fr Wirtschaft und Umwelt (Nrtingen Geislingen
University of Business and Environment)
H:G Hochschule fr Gesundheit & Sport (University of Health and Sport)
HGB Hochschule fr Grafik und Buchkunst (College of Graphic and Book
Art)
HHN Hochschule Heilbronn (Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences)
HJS Hochschule fr Jdische Studien (University for Jewish Studies)
HMT Hochschule fr Musik und Theater (College of Music and Theatre)
HPhil Hochschule fr Philosophie (University of Philosophy)
HS Hochschule (Higher Education Institution)
HSBA Hamburg School of Business Administration
HSF Hochschule der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe (Sparkassen-Finanz-
gruppe-University of Applied Sciences)
HS Gestaltung Hochschule fr Gestaltung (University of Design)
HSoG Hertie School of Governance
HTW Hochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Technology
and Business)
HTWK Hochschule fr Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur (University of
Applied Sciences Technology, Business and Culture)

HU Humboldt-Universitt (Humboldt-University)
IB-HS IB-Hochschule fr Soziales und Kommunikation (University of
Social and Communication Studies)
IBS International Business School
IH Internationale Hochschule (International University of Applied
Sciences and Arts)
IHI Internationales Hochschulinstitut (International Higher Education
Institute)
ISM International School of Management
ISS International Business School of Service Management
IU International University
KathFH Katholische Fachhochschule (Catholic University of Applied Sciences)
KathFHS Katholische Fachhochschule Hochschule fr Sozialwesen,
Religionspdagogik und Pflege (Catholic University of Applied
Sciences Social Studies, Religious Education and Nursing)
KH Muthesius Kunsthochschule (Muthesius Academy of Fine Arts)
KHSB Katholische Hochschule fr Sozialwesen Berlin (Catholic University
for Applied Sciences Berlin)
KiH/KiHo Kirchliche Hochschule (Protestant Studies College)
KuAk Kunstakademie (Academy of Arts)
KuHMedien Kunsthochschule fr Medien (Academy of Media Arts)
LuthThH Lutherisch Theologische Hochschule (Lutherian Theological College)
MBS Munich Business School
MDH Mediadesign Hochschule (University of Applied Sciences Media-
design)
Merkur int. FH Merkur Internationale Fachhochschule (Merkur International
University of Applied Sciences)
MerzAk Merz Akademie Hochschule fr Gestaltung (Merz Academy
University of Applied Sciences for Design)
MFM macromedia fachhochschule der medien (Macromedia University of
Applied Sciences of Media)
MHH Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (Hannover Medical School)
NTA Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Akademie (University of Sciences
and Technology)
PH Pdagogische Hochschule (College of Education)
PhThH Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule (Catholic Studies College)
Pop-Akad.BW Pop-Akademie Baden-Wrttemberg (Pop Music Academy of Baden-
Wrttemberg)
Priv.FH private Hochschule (Private University of Applied Sciences)
PTHV Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Vallendar (Catholic Studies
College Vallendar)

Abbreviations 13
RheinFH Rheinische Fachhochschule Kln (Technical University of Applied

Sciences at Cologne)
SDI Hochschule fr Angewandte Sprachen (University of Applied
Languages)
SHB Steinbeis-Hochschule Berlin (Steinbeis University Berlin)
SRH SRH Hochschule (SRH University of Applied Sciences)
TFH Technische Fachhochschule (Technical University of Applied
Sciences)
TH Technische Hochschule (Technical University)
Theol. S Theologisches Seminar (Katholic Studies College)
ThFak Theologische Fakultt (Theological Faculty)
ThH Theologische Hochschule (Theological College)
TiHo Tierrztliche Hochschule (School of Veterinary Science)
TU Technische Universitt (Technical University)
TUBergAk Technische Universitt Bergakademie (Technical University Mining
Academy)
U Universitt (University)
UBw Universitt der Bundeswehr (University of the Federal Armed Forces)
UdK Universitt der Knste (University of the Arts)
UMC University of Management
WHL Wissenschaftliche Hochschule Lahr (Graduate School of Business
and Economics)
WHU Wissenschaftliche Hochschule fr Unternehmensfhrung (Graduate
School of Corporate Management)
ZU Zeppelin University


1 Agriculture and Forest Science

1.1 Farming/Agriculture, Viniculture
Study Field Outline ing the use of electronic control equip-

ment to produce optimum yields. Follow-
Farming and agriculture address the ing the needs of present-day farming and
economic and commercial use and culti- agriculture, the field of phytomedicine,
vation of farmland for crop and livestock the theory of plant diseases and disorders,
production. This includes wine-growing and their prevention, has taken on a much
(viniculture) and the processing of agricul- more important role. Organic farming,
tural produce, such as dairy farming. Agri- welfare-orientated animal husbandry,
culture is closely related to forest science/ and the environmentally-compatible use
forest management. Studies in agriculture of artificial fertilisers (e.g. anti-water pol-
and the more technology orientated field lution measures) plus comprehensive
of farming at universities of applied sci- agricultural training that not only teaches
ences generally lead to careers in teaching, the principles of organic farming but also
consultancy and administration, and more delivers a knowledge of marketing, corpo-
rarely to practical hands-on work as a rate management and product quality (e.g.
farmer. Agriculture is based on science, the degree programme in organic farm-
engineering, economics and business ing) are becoming ever more important.
management, and social sciences, includ-
Studies at Universities before they can be accepted. Aspiring agri-

cultural engineers are recommended to
Practical experience/internships: acquire practical knowledge and insights.
Students are not generally required to
complete a period of pre-study practical Studies: Students initially take modules to
training (work placements, internships) acquire the scientific and socio-scientific
before they commence their studies, principles. like botany, zoology, chemis-
although such training is generally try, agricultural meteorology, mathemat-
recommended (6 weeks). In some cases, ics and statistics, resource conservation.
students are required to complete a pre- Specialist modules, like farm/agricultural
study internship (13 weeks to 12 months). management, plant/crop nutrition and
6 to 12 months of practical training must phytopathology, plant/crop production,
generally have been completed before grassland farming, animal breeding and
the final examination is taken. All federal animal husbandry, feed science, soil
states require that candidates for higher science/pedology, agricultural engineering
agricultural civil service positions, includ- and machinery, agricultural policy, mar-
ing teaching, have completed at least 12 ket theory. Extension and consolidation
months of professional practical training options in crop science, livestock science,

Agriculture and Forest Science 17
agricultural engineering and machinery,

Programmes in this field
agronomy and agribusiness, farming eco-
nomics and social sciences, environmental Berlin HU Berlin TU Bonn U
science of agricultural landscapes. Cross- Cottbus TU Gieen U
disciplinary modules also offered, e.g. agri- (Gieen, Geisenheim) Gttingen U
cultural information systems, professional Halle-Wittenberg U Hohenheim U
(Stuttgart) Kassel U (Witzenhausen)
communication, scientific consulting.
Kiel U Mnchen TU (Freising) Rostock U
Some universities divide the Bachelors

programme into a basic and a main study
stage / consolidation studies.
Studies at Universities of Applied animal production, organic farming,

Sciences agronomy, agricultural machinery and
engineering, agricultural building, etc.
Practical experience/internships: Pre- Viniculture, beverage technology:
study internships of between 6 weeks and Majors to be chosen in viniculture and
12 months are required as prescribed by cellar management or beverage technol-
federal state regulations. Essentially, no ogy.
proof of pre-study practical experience International wine management:
needed if the applicant holds an appropri- Delivery of general specialist knowl-
ate vocational or school qualification. edge in the field of viniculture/viti-
culture, oenology and in economics and
Studies: Programme-dependent, vari- business administration, plus in fields
ously weighted modules on the scientific- of international wine management.
technological principles of mathematics,
statistics, physics, botany, animal biology,
agricultural chemistry, soil science and
regional studies, plant and animal nutri- Anhalt HS (Bernburg, Kthen) Bingen FH
tion, agricultural machinery and engi- Dresden HTW Eberswalde FH Kiel FH
neering, agricultural production and the (Osterrnfeld) Kln FH
environment, plus economic, legal and Neubrandenburg HS Nrtingen HfWU
socio-scientific aspects. Complementary Osnabrck FH Rottenburg HS
modules on foreign languages, profes- Sdwestfalen FH (Soest) Weihenstephan
FH (Freising, Triesdorf) Wiesbaden FH
sional information systems, agricultural
(Geisenheim)
history, principles of management, etc.
Agriculture, agricultural management,

farming: Extension and consolidation
courses plus applied fields of specialisa-
tion to be chosen from plant and

1.2 Forestry, Forest Management
Study Field Outline forests and global wood and forest ecosys-
tems, and with questions of international
Forestry and forest management deal with marketing, for example. All in all, forest
the sustainable, planned and professional management strives to optimise wood pro-
use of forests to meet the requirements duction based on ecological considerations
of human society, focusing on economic while at the same time securing the pro-
and commercial use as well as on the tective and recreational function of woods
significance of forests and woods for and forests.
the environment and especially for the
viability of the biosphere, the climate, the The diverse range of responsibilities per-
water balance, clean air, soil fertility, the formed by forest managers and engineers
countryside, farming, agriculture and the call for an ability to solve biological and
infrastructure, as well as rest and recrea- ecological problems and for an under-
tion for the population. The importance standing of engineering and business
of this economic sector is illustrated by management issues, plus knowledge of
the fact that one third of Germanys sur- law, commercial skills and an extensive
face area is covered by woods and forests. knowledge of administration.
Wood (timber) is an important resource
and is, in economic terms, the most Universities of applied sciences pro-
important renewable raw material. Wood grammes in forest management concen-
serves as an important commodity for the trate more on practical woodland man-
local timber and paper industry. Forest sci- agement and operational management
ence and forest management also concern of forestry measures as district forest
themselves with questions of tropical rain supervisors.
Studies at Universities topology, forest botany, dendrology, cli-

matology and forest meteorology, forest
Practical experience/internships: A study- site mapping and cataloguing, zoology,
integrated work experience internship of wildlife research, economic principles,
several months is completed in forestry forest law.
field offices and forestry companies.
Scientific specialisation and consolidation
Studies: Scientific and methodological through optional and core study areas.
principles of forest science and resource Modules on forest and woodland ecology,
management, including relevant modules forest ergonomics and forest operations
in mathematics, chemistry, biology, soil engineering, forest exploitation, forest and
science/pedology and site ecology and woodland management, forest policy, tim-

ber market studies, wood uses, forest and Universities have partly abolished the for-
woodland planning, landscape develop- mal division of the basic and main study
ment, law, forest administration studies. stage.
Core areas like international forest eco-
nomics, arboreal medicine, nature conser-
vation and environmental law, plantation/
orchard technology. Dresden TU (Tharandt) Freiburg U
Gttingen U Mnchen TU (Freising)
Studies at Universities of Applied Specific consolidation in applied fields of

Sciences production, silviculture and forestry engi-
neering, forest management, operational
Practical experience/internships: Depend- management, forest and woodland ecol-
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- ogy. Majors enable students to specialise
tions, a pre-study internship of several in fields like forest and local authority
weeks is generally required, e.g. in forest management, geographical information
field offices, forest companies. Integrated, systems (GIS) and landscape manage-
professional practical semester completed ment, tropical forest management, inter-
during the studies. national wood and timber trading, etc.
Complementary modules on topics like
Studies: Initially, the programme delivers project management, foreign languages,
the ecological, scientific, economic and quality management, forest and woodland
technical principles with modules in bot- education.
any, zoology, wildlife ecology, forest work
science, applied forestry engineering, soil Programmes in this field
science, site ecology and topology, forest
and woodland ecology, climatology, tree Eberswalde FH Erfurt FH Hildesheim/
species research, mathematics, surveying, Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Gttingen)
Kln FH Rottenburg HS Weihenstephan
site mapping, statistics, applied comput-
FH (Freising)
ing, business administration, health and
safety at work.

1.3 Horticultural Sciences
Study Field Outline tural management and market theory,

greenhouse technology, plant protection
Horticulture builds on the scientific, (pest control). Horticulture firstly deliv-
economic, sociological and technical prin- ers a broad knowledge base in all fields
ciples and knowledge needed to facilitate of modern horticultural sciences, such as
the best possible environment-conserving modern production processes in intensive
crop production and breeding for human farming, sustainable resource usage and
nutrition and for the enhancement and biological plant protection, and so leads to
visual improvement of the living environ- an ecological understanding of horticul-
ment. Key areas include tree and shrub ture; secondly, the teaching also delivers
nurseries and gardening, fruit and vegeta- the necessary economic and sociological
ble growing and ornamental horticulture, knowledge and competence.
garden plant and seed growing, horticul-
Studies at Universities production, horticultural engineering and

technology, fruit, vegetable and ornamen-
Practical experience/internships: Stu- tal plant growing, tree nurseries, meteorol-
dents are either required to complete an ogy, plant physiology, soil science/pedol-
eight-week basic and an eight-week work ogy, biostatistics, genetics, plant nutrition,
experience internship or a six-month phytomedicine. Extension and consoli-
vocational internship before they graduate. dation with focuses in biology, ecology,
Students wishing to enter the higher agri- agronomy, engineering and economics.
cultural civil services are urgently recom- Complementary courses provide students
mended to complete a one-year internship. with cross-disciplinary key qualifications.
Studies: Initially, studies focus on learn-

ing the scientific principles and horticul- Programmes in this field
tural plant production. Modules include Berlin HU Berlin TU Hannover U
general biology, botany, biomathematics, Mnchen TU (Freising)
(bio)chemistry, physics, horticultural plant

Studies at Universities of Applied market theory, ornamental plant growing,

Sciences vegetable growing, tree nurseries, phyto-
medicine, technical and business admin-
Practical experience/internships: Depend- istration principles, marketing and corpo-
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- rate management. Later, students extend
tions, students are generally required to and consolidate their knowledge with
complete a pre-study internship of several elective modules like ornamental plant
weeks, for example in a professional horti- growing, vegetable growing, fruit growing,
cultural production and services company, tree nurseries, international horticulture,
in floristics, agriculture and forest man- optimised production, horticultural mar-
agement. Students generally complete a ket theory, business management and
practical or project semester during their consultancy or organic horticulture.
studies.
Studies: Modules in the scientific and Programmes in this field

horticultural principles, like mathematical- Berlin TFH Dresden HTW Erfurt FH
physical principles, botany and genetics, Osnabrck FH Weihenstephan FH
chemistry, plant and crop production, (Freising) Wiesbaden FH (Geisenheim)
plant nutrition and soil science, statistics
and research techniques, horticultural
1.4 Landscape Architecture,

Landscape Management
Study Field Outline Besides the classical fields of park and

recreational area planning (open spaces),
Landscape architecture prepares students landscape planning and landscape gar-
for positions as landscape architects. dening/engineering, garden heritage
It delivers the knowledge and skills conservation and village development
required for planning, designing and provide interesting new work areas with
drawing up projects, for building, pre- responsibilities in cultural-historical man-
serving, developing and recultivating agement, species and biotope protection
parks and open and recreational areas planning, environmental compatibility
and spaces. The combination of art and assessments plus leisure and recreation
design, science and ecology, planning planning. Landscape architecture/land-
and structural design plays an important scape management offers orientation and
role in this respect. consolidation projects to prepare students,
in particular, for future largely planning

orientated careers. Students must have The study of arboristics (trees and shrubs)
artistic skills as an important prerequisite focuses on the protection, care and devel-
for design-based, creative assignments. opment or urban greenery.
Programmes differ greatly from one insti-
tution to the next.
Studies at Universities Main study stage: Extension and consoli-

dation studies in fields of open space/park
Practical experience/internships: planning, garden heritage conservation,
6 months before graduation. Credits for recreational area development, urban ecol-
other practical training (apprenticeships). ogy, urban, rural and regional planning,
meteorology, water management, environ-
Basic study stage: Introduction to scien- mental and planning law, landscape and
tific principles and subjects like surveying, recreational planning, nature conserva-
visualisation and design, projective geom- tion, environmental management.
etry, soil chemistry, plants and building
materials, botany, geobotany, soil science
and site ecology and topology, ecology, Programmes in this field
history of building/built environment Berlin TU Dresden TU Freiburg U
history, open space, recreational and park Greifswald U Hannover U Kassel U
planning, landscape engineering. Project Mnchen TU (Freising) Mnster U
planning, planning theory and methodol- Oldenburg U Rostock U
ogy, planning-related sociology and other
optionals and excursions.
Studies at Universities of Applied Landscape architecture/landscape

Sciences management
Practical experience/internships: Depend- Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises

ing on the school/vocational qualifica- and practical courses on the scientific,
tions, students are generally required to landscape engineering, technical, design,
complete a pre-study internship of several botanical/phytological, planning and eco-
weeks, for example in horticultural and nomic principles.
landscape planning companies. A practical
semester is generally completed during Main study stage: Consolidation and ex-
the studies. tension studies plus a wide range of option-
als. Specialisation possible in open space/
park planning, landscape and environmen-
tal planning or landscape engineering.

Arboristics
Studies: Programmes focus on urban Anhalt HS (Bernburg) Berlin TFH

dendrology and site ecology and topology, Dresden HTW Eberswalde FH Erfurt FH
protection, management, planning and Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK
development of urban greenery and teach- (Gttingen) Lippe und Hxter FH (Hxter)
Neubrandenburg HS Nrtingen HfWU
ing in the scientific, economic and legal
Osnabrck FH Weihenstephan FH (Freising,
principles.
Weihenstephan) Wiesbaden FH
(Geisenheim, Wiesbaden)
1.5 Wood and Timber Management, Wood and

Timber Engineering, Wood and Timber
Construction, Wood and Timber Interior Fitting
and Refinishing
Study Field Outline in the development of wood-specialised

training for industrial and materials engi-
Wood is extremely versatile and contin- neers.
ues, as ever, to be one of the most widely
used materials, often in combination with Wood management covers the wood/
metals, plastics, glass or other materials timber industry, wood/timber trade and
(furniture, construction). The processing wood and timber research, while studies
of wood (sawn timber, veneer, boards), in wood engineering offered by universi-
its manufacture into finished products ties of applied sciences concentrate on
(structural components, wooden units, operations management and production
furniture, wooden products) and use, engineering with specialisation in wood-
above all, in the chemical industry (cel- related fields.
lulose, paper, fibreboard), have resulted
Studies at Universities Studies: Introductory studies and mod-

ules on woodland and forest manage-
Practical experience/internships: Students ment, principles of mathematics, biology,
spend 8 weeks each in basic and extended chemistry and physics, wood physics and
studies with the opportunity to have any business management. Extension and con-
relevant vocational training credited to their solidation modules include wood biology,
course. Course integrated excursions. wood chemistry, chemical wood technol-

ogy, wood physics, mechanical process

engineering, forest production and ergo-
nomics, wood and timber market studies. Dresden TU Hamburg U Hannover U
Mnchen TU (Freising)
Studies at Universities of Applied ing materials, building chemistry, wood

Sciences preservation, building in existing fabric
refurbishing, converting, renovating,
Practical experience/internships: Depend- building law, building physics, facility
ing on the school/vocational qualification, engineering, drywalling, interior fitting
students complete a pre-study internship and refinishing, production methods,
of several weeks. Practical and project business administration, building and
phases of varying length are completed construction management, corporate
during the studies. planning.
Basic study stage: Lectures and practical Interior fitting:

courses in engineering and fundamental
scientific subjects. Main study stage: Structural timber engi-
neering, theory of structures, materials
Wood technology: science, building law, building physics,
facility engineering, refinishing, drywall-
Main study stage: Materials sciences ing, furniture making and interior fitting,
and engineering, wood manufacturing production methods, business administra-
and plastics processing, machine tools, tion, organisation, company planning.
structural design theory, electrical and
energy/power engineering, organisation
of plant operations, applied computing, Programmes in this field
work theory, business administration and Eberswalde FH Hildesheim/Holzminden/
management. Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Lippe und
Hxter FH (Lemgo) Rosenheim FH
Wood and timber interior fitting and
refinishing:
Main study stage: Structural timber

engineering, theory of structures, build-

2 Engineering

2.1 Aerospace Engineering
Study Field Outline Space engineering studies the develop-

ment, construction, and operation of space
Aeronautical engineering deals with the transport systems (rockets) and aerodynes
development, construction, fitting and (e.g. satellites) adapted to the special
operation of aircraft, in particular aero- conditions prevailing in space (vacuum,
planes and helicopters, and their constitu- weightlessness, extreme temperature dif-
ent components: cell (fuselage, wings/air- ferences, high-energy radiation, extreme
foils/aerofoils, tail planes, aileron/rudder), space and weight exploitation/efficiency).
power plant, equipment.
Both fields seek to design systems that are
as light as possible and extremely reliable.
Studies at Universities options (differing greatly from one institu-

tion to the next) include technical design
Practical experience/internships: In most of the aircraft cell and structure, aerospace
cases 6 months, of which 2 or 3 months to power plants and propulsion systems,
be completed before studies commence. flight direction engineering, flight opera-
tions, air traffic, astronautics.
Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises
and practical courses, covering largely the
same fields as mechanical engineering, Programmes in this field
plus some initial specialist courses. Aachen TH Berlin TU
Braunschweig TU Dresden TU Mnchen
Main study stage: Special aerospace engi- TU (Garching, Mnchen) Mnchen UBw
neering subjects, like fluid dynamics and (Neubiberg) Stuttgart U
flight mechanics, vehicle and power plant
engineering, instrument and control engi-
neering, aircraft electronics etc. Core study
Studies at Universities of Applied tions, students are required to complete a

Sciences pre-study internship of several weeks, for
example in metal, mechanical or electrical
Practical experience/internships: Depend- engineering. Practical phases of varying
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- length completed during the studies.

Engineering 27
Studies: Base modules deliver the scientif- cabin systems. Occupational field specific
ic, technical and mathematical principles: key qualifications, such as technical Eng-
mathematics, projective geometry, physics, lish, presentation techniques, operational
engineering mechanics, thermodynam- and work organisation, cost accounting,
ics, electrical engineering and electronics, management skills.
metrology, etc., complemented by applied
modules, like aerodynamics, conception In some cases, study-integrated flight
and technical design (including Computer training may also be completed at a coop-
Aided Design CAD), production engi- erating fight school.
neering, flight mechanics, lightweight
engineering, power plant engineering,
machine dynamics, control engineering,
fluid mechanics, materials engineering, Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Bremen HS
finite element methods. Depending on the Gttingen FH priv. (Stade) Hamburg HAW
range of studies offered, specialisation in Mnchen HS Osnabrck FH Wildau TFH
fields like aircraft engineering, cabins and
2.2 Architecture, Urban Planning
Study Field Outline to the redevelopment and renovation of

old and existing buildings and to the ques-
Students of architecture are concerned tion of preserving historical monuments
with the planning, design and execution of (built heritage), such as listed buildings.
residential homes, public buildings, indus- Architects often collaborate with civil
trial facilities (civil engineering) as well engineers, above all in the planning and
as with complex urban development and site management of complex projects.
redevelopment projects. These responsi- Architects must also coordinate with
bilities take into consideration technical, the authorities and building companies.
design and economic aspects, as well as To determine the art and design based
building regulation standards and the aptitude of candidates, numerous institu-
needs of the people living, learning, work- tions have established a special placement
ing and relaxing in these buildings and procedure that assesses student aptitude
areas. Hence, artistic design, on the one before admission to a degree programme.
hand, and technically mature engineer-
ing plus economic and business realisa- The 3-year Bachelors programme forms
tion, on the other, play an important role. the basis for a subsequent, 2-year consecu-
Besides ecological aspects (energy, envi- tive Masters programme which, together
ronment) that are increasingly coming to with generally 2 years of professional
the fore, growing importance also attaches practical training, leads to enrolment in

the Register of Architects and the right to usage and development plans, conversion
bear the professional title of architect. In and redevelopment concepts. Urban plan-
addition, studies in architecture are also ning is generally studied as a core area
offered in the form of an 8-semester Bach- within architecture, regional planning,
elors programme. The degree awarded in civil engineering and surveying degree
combination with professional practical programmes, or is offered in conjunction
training also meets the standards set out with other disciplines. Specifically, the
in the EU architects directive. following options are available: independ-
ent programmes in urban planning with a
Urban planning and development, includ- focus on urban development; independent
ing regional planning, addresses the programmes in regional planning with a
direction and management of building focus on urban development; extension
and regional development projects in and consolidation studies in urban devel-
residential, community and municipal opment as part of a degree programme in
areas, including traffic and transport, architecture, civil engineering, surveying
utilities, services and waste disposal, land (geodesy) or landscape architecture, or an
use regulation plus nature and landscape appropriate postgraduate course in these
conservation. To meet these responsibili- subjects. Those wishing to work in the
ties, urban developers (urban planners) field of landscape architecture can gain
must be aware of and consider the interac- the appropriate qualifications by taking a
tions between political, social, economic degree programme in landscape conser-
and engineering aspects. As experts, they vation, landscape planning or landscape
advise their clients and present various architecture.
potential solutions, e.g. in the form of land
Studies at Universities and Art building physics, building chemistry,

Colleges building materials, cost-calculating for
building projects, building and construc-
Practical experience/internships: tion information systems, history of art
3 to 6 months before or during the stud- and construction, facility engineering,
ies, with around half the time spent in building regulations and law, urban plan-
building or related trades and the other ning.
half in an architectural office (planning
office). Main study stage: Extension and con-
solidation studies in all subjects, above
Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises and all structural theory and design planning,
practical courses in projective geometry, with the production of major design and
mapping and surveying, drawing and study projects, plus acquisition of basic
designing, principles of structural theory economics, social sciences and law skills.
and design planning, building theory, Increasingly important extension and con-

Engineering 29
solidation subjects include regional plan-

ning and landscape planning; important
urban development areas include history Aachen TH Alanus HS (Alfter)
of the built environment, basic ecological Bamberg U Berlin TU Berlin UdK
aspects, planning studies, local authority Braunschweig TU Bremen U Cottbus TU
planning, regional/state planning, preser- Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU
Dresden TU Hamburg HCU Hamburg
vation of historical monuments (built her-
HfBK Hannover U Kaiserslautern TU
itage), traffic and transport, and law.
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Mnchen TU
Siegen U Stuttgart AkdBK Stuttgart U
Weimar U Wuppertal U
Studies at Universities of Applied engineering (load-bearing structures,

Sciences structural engineering, structural theory,
building physics and materials science,
Practical experience/internships: Depend- facility engineering, climate appropriate
ing on the school/vocational qualifications, building, structural damage), history and
students complete a pre-study internship theory (theory of architecture, history of
of several weeks, for example in an archi- art and buildings, preservation of histori-
tectural/planning office and/or a construc- cal monuments build heritage), building
tion company. Practical phases of varying mapping and surveying, planning and
length completed during the studies. building operations (planning and build-
ing regulations law, planning manage-
Studies: Modules in creative design and ment, fire safety), cultural principles (aes-
projection (principles, projective geometry, thetics, sociology, lifestyle and culture).
architectural visualisation, drawing and Complementary cross-disciplinary courses
CAD), design (building theory, building and foreign languages. Great importance
design, urban planning and development), attaches to practical study projects.

Aachen FH Anhalt HS (Dessau) Augsburg FH Berlin TFH Biberach HS Bielefeld FH
(Minden) Bochum HS Bremen HS Coburg HS Darmstadt HS Dortmund FH
Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH Erfurt FH Frankfurt am Main FH Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Gieen) Heidelberg HS Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim, Holzminden)
Hochschule21 (Buxtehude) Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HS Koblenz FH Kln FH
Konstanz HS Lausitz FH (Cottbus) Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH (Detmold)
Lbeck FH Mainz FH Mnchen HS Mnster FH Nrnberg HS Nrtingen HfWU
Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg) Potsdam FH Regensburg FH
Saarland HTW Stuttgart HFT Trier FH (Trier) Wiesbaden FH Wismar HS Wrzb.-
Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS (Reichenbach)

2.3 Automotive Engineering,

Traffic and Transport Engineering
Study Field Outline Positioned between automotive engineer-

ing and traffic route engineering, the field
Automotive engineering is a branch of of modern traffic and transport engineer-
mechanical engineering and covers the ing deals with cross-disciplinary ques-
building and operation of vehicles with tions relating to the organisation of traffic
the exception of aerospace and marine flows and the design and dimensioning
engineering, so above all car manufactur- of traffic systems for passenger and goods
ing and rail vehicles. Key areas of general transport. It studies the complex interplay
mechanical engineering are complement- between the various transport and traf-
ed by electrical engineering, electronics, fic systems (motor vehicles, aircraft, rail
IT/information systems and other fields in vehicles and ships) and develops potential
accordance with the special demands that traffic planning solutions. In view of the
the many types of passenger and commer- ever-growing volume of traffic, the field
cial vehicles have to meet. of applied traffic engineering is a key to
ensuring our continuing mobility.
Studies at Universities and ment, testing and control technology,

Universities of Applied Sciences computing, fluidics, hydraulics and pneu-
matics, cultural and social studies.
Practical experience/internships: Depend-
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- Main study stage: Combustion engines,
tions, students generally complete a motion analysis, machine dynamics,
relevant pre-study internship of several structural calculation, stability theory,
weeks. An internship is recommended electronics, auxiliary machines and heat
before starting university studies. Practical exchangers, plus further courses as per the
phases of varying length are completed chosen specialisations e.g. manufacture
during the studies. and operation, computer-aided-engineer-
ing (including computer-aided technical
Automotive engineering design, chassis engineering (simulation),
light-weight engineering, numerical math-
Basic study stage: Lectures and practi- ematics), sensor technology, measurement
cal courses in mathematics, engineering engineering/metrology, vehicle informa-
mechanics, physics, thermodynamics, tion systems, vehicle energy management
electrical engineering/electronics, chemis- systems, road vehicles, special purpose
try/materials science, projective geometry, and utility vehicles, rail vehicles, body-
technical design, components, measure- work/chassis engineering, motor vehicle

Engineering 31
inspection engineering, vehicle damage and systems, traffic telematics, ship and
and assessment, maintenance and servic- marine engineering, aerospace engineer-
ing, customer services. ing. Complementary exercises, excursions
and project work.
Traffic and Transport Engineering
and Technology
Basic study stage: Delivery of the math-
Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Aachen TH
ematical, technical-methodological and Bayreuth U Berlin FHTW Berlin TU
physical principles. Introduction to traffic Bingen FH Bochum HS Braunschweig /
and transport, information technology for Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfsburg)
engineers, materials engineering, design Braunschweig TU Chemnitz TU
theory, mechanics. Optional modules like Coburg HS Cottbus TU Darmstadt HS
electrical engineering, metrology, theory Darmstadt TU Dortmund FH
of traffic planning, economics and busi- Dresden HTW Dresden TU
ness administration. Esslingen HS Frankfurt am Main FH
Freiberg TUBergAk Hamburg HAW
Hamburg UBw Heilbronn HHN
Main study stage: Specialised training
Ilmenau TU Ingolstadt FH Karlsruhe HS
based on the subjects from the basic study Kaiserslautern TU Konstanz HS
stage. Depending on the range of sub- Landshut FH Kln FH Mnchen HS
jects and choice of core study areas, pro- Mnchen TU (Garching, Mnchen)
grammes prepare students for positions Osnabrck FH Ravensburg-Weingarten HS
in various career fields. Typical core areas (Weingarten) Reutlingen HS
include traffic and transport planning and Stralsund FH Stuttgart U Sdwestfalen
operations, traffic management planning, FH (Iserlohn) Ulm HS Weingarten PH
passenger and goods transport, logistics Wildau TFH Wuppertal U Zwickau HS
2.4 Civil Engineering
Study Field Outline ports, airports); hydraulic engineering and

water management (river engineering/
Civil engineering encompasses the flood control engineering, dams, dykes,
planning, structural calculation and hydroelectric power stations, water utility
execution of industrial structural and civil networks and sewage treatment); structur-
engineering projects: urban/municipal al engineering projects (bridges, towers,
civil engineering (foundations, sewage industrial and administrative buildings).
systems, water utilities, sewage plants); The structural engineering design aspect
urban development and traffic (roads, rail of building is particularly important,
tracks, pipelines, drains, harbours and while studies also consider economic, eco-

logical, sociological and cultural aspects. building activities proceed efficiently. This
Civil engineers contribute to preserving is why a knowledge of building regulations
structural facilities and buildings. The and law plus business administration and
widespread use of computing has resulted management, as well as the ability to lead
in a new branch, namely building and con- and supervise people are important. In
struction information systems. certain circumstances, a knowledge of for-
eign languages is advantageous, especially
University of applied sciences pro- English, since Germanys universities are
grammes in building physics concentrate increasingly establishing international
on the physical aspects of construction and European degree programmes in civil
(noise, heat, damp and fire safety, light engineering which specifically prepare stu-
and solar technology, power economics, dents for assignments abroad.
building (structural) damage analysis).
Practical experience through practical
The responsibilities of civil engineering semesters or subject-relevant vacation jobs
and architecture overlap here. Hence, civil is particularly important in respect of a
engineers and architects take on organisa- students later career entry.
tional responsibilities that extend beyond
the scope of structural engineering design Facility management programmes train
and artistic design. They supervise build- specialists for tasks at the interface
ing sites, e.g. (site management or site between building and real estate manage-
engineers), monitor the progress and qual- ment (see Utility Engineering, Facility
ity of the building work and ensure that Engineering).
Studies at Universities management, traffic and transport, water

engineering and management, community
Practical experience/internships: Build- and urban water management, numerical
ing site internship of 2 to 4 months before methods, CAD, construction machin-
and during the studies. ery and machine engineering, building
and construction law. Depending on the
Studies: Basic studies with modules in institution in question, opportunities for
mathematics, projective geometry, physics, specialising in areas like building site
information systems/computer science, operations and building site management,
engineering mechanics. Subject-specific structural engineering (concrete, steel,
modules, like surveying, building materi- wood), traffic, transport and infrastructure,
als, building chemistry, building physics, geoengineering and water management/
structural design, structural calculation hydraulic engineering, environmental
and strength of materials science, structur- engineering, foundation engineering. Typ-
al engineering, geology and soil mechanical cross-disciplinary modules on work-
ics, building site operations and building ing methods, foreign languages, business

Engineering 33
management, presentation techniques, or Studies may be divided into a basic and a

a cross-disciplinary project. main study stage.

Aachen TH Bamberg U Berlin TU Bochum U Braunschweig TU Cottbus TU
Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Hamburg HCU
Hamburg-Harburg TU Hannover U Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U Lneburg U
(Suderburg) Mnchen TU Mnchen UBw Mnster U Siegen U Stuttgart U
Weimar U Wuppertal U
Studies at Universities of Applied nection with professional work experience

Sciences projects. Complementary modules in law,
languages, social aspects, arts and culture.
ing on their school/vocational qualifica- Studies may be divided into a basic and a
tions, students generally complete a main study stage.
pre-study internship of several weeks, for
example on building sites or in construc-
tion companies. Practical phases of varying
length are completed during the studies. Aachen FH Augsburg FH Berlin FHTW
Berlin FHW Berlin TFH Biberach HS
Studies: Modules on mathematical, scien- Bielefeld FH (Minden) Bochum HS
tific and engineering principles, similar to Bremen HS Coburg HS Darmstadt HS
university studies. Subject-specific mod- Deggendorf FH Dresden HTW Erfurt FH
Frankfurt am Main FH Gieen-Friedberg FH
ules on engineering mechanics, structural
(Gieen) Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen
analysis, building materials and building
HAWK (Hildesheim, Holzminden) Hoch-
chemistry, building design, technical schule21 (Buxtehude) Kaiserslautern FH
visualisation, building physics, engineer- Karlsruhe HS Koblenz FH Kln FH
ing geology, surveying, photogrammetry, Konstanz HS Lausitz FH (Cottbus)
preservation of buildings, quality assur- Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH
ance, building and real estate manage- (Detmold) Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal
ment, project management. Specialisa- FH (Magdeburg) Mainz FH Mnchen HS
tion options in core areas like building Mnster FH Neubrandenburg HS
management, construction management, Nrnberg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
structural engineering, traffic, transport Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg) Potsdam FH
Regensburg FH Saarland HTW Stutt-
and infrastructure, water management
gart HFT Trier FH (Trier) Wiesbaden FH
and environmental engineering, build-
Wismar HS Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH
ing redevelopment and redevelopment, (Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
disposal site engineering often in con-

2.5 Electrical Engineering and

Information Technology
Study Field Outline and communications networks. Due to the

great significance of digital communica-
Electrical engineering makes the whole tions technology (digital engineering), the
range of electrical and electromagnetic use of computers and programmable proc-
forms and laws available for technical esses plays a predominant role in this field.
applications. Today, the field is substan-
tially shaped by the advances made in Automation engineering deals with the
information and communications technol- development and application of proce-
ogy (ICT) and by microelectronics. Follow- dures for controlling technical processes,
ing the various requirements of practice including the development of the requisite
and application, several study areas have hardware and software for these processes.
developed. The most important of these Automation tasks plus instrumentation
are: electrical power engineering, infor- and control problems require, among other
mation and communications technology aspects, the application of systems theory
(communications engineering), (micro) and control technology methods, measure-
electronics, automation engineering, and ment technology/metrology, process com-
general electrical engineering, whereby puter and communications technology.
the latter contains study areas from the
above-mentioned areas in the sense of a (Micro)electronics is of great significance
broad-based training. for all three fields. With its development
of electronic circuits, semiconductor ele-
Electrical power engineering encompasses ments and highly-complex integrated
the generation, transmission, distribution circuits, it forms the basis for the commer-
and application of electrical energy. This cial and technical expansion of the above-
includes disciplines like electrical mechani- mentioned fields. This study area treats
cal engineering, electric heat, high-voltage both the physical-technical principles of
engineering, power supply and performance electronic components as well as their
electronics. Renewable energies (sun, wind, systems-specific, i.e. applications focused
biomass) are meeting with growing interest. aspects. Computer-aided design methods
and simulation techniques play a major
Information and communications technol- role, along with technological aspects.
ogy (communications engineering) deals
with the transmission, communication Light is used to gain and transmit infor-
and processing of messages (information) mation, and to reproduce it on monitors
using wireless or landline technology. Key and displays. Occupational fields for
branches include digital signal process- optoelectronic engineers include, inter
ing, electrical and optical communications alia, laser engineering, image processing,
technology, high frequency engineering optical communications engineering and

Engineering 35
optical sensors used in industry, traffic an important role, since it deals with mod-
and transport engineering and in medical elling (simulation), analysing and opti-
engineering and technology. mising the complex information, power
engineering and automation systems. A
Key base subjects for studying electrical wide range of specialisation options are
engineering include mathematics, physics available that are not given closer treat-
and applied computer science/information ment here. The following are closely
systems, whereby mathematics is more related to electrical engineering: mechani-
important here than in other engineering cal engineering, particularly precision
disciplines. Mechanics, materials sci- engineering, mechatronics and computer
ences, engineering thermodynamics are science. Since the various branches are so
important complementary subjects. Yet, closely linked, students should avoid very
business administration principles and early specialisation. However, early experi-
management methods are also studied. In ence with applications, e.g. in internships,
the advanced stages, systems theory plays helps facilitate the later career entry.
Studies at Universities Main study stage: Besides consolidation

and extension courses in information and
Practical experience/internships: Gener- communications technology (ICT), electri-
ally, a 26-week industrial internship to be cal power/energy engineering, automation
divided equally between the basic and the engineering, microelectronics and gen-
main study stage; an internship is recom- eral electrical engineering, focuses, e.g.
mended before studies begin. on wireless engineering / mobile phone
technology, optical communications tech-
Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises and nology, telecommunications networks,
practical courses in electrical engineering, micro and nanoengineering, multimedia
applied computer science/information sys- systems, medical engineering and tech-
tems, mathematics, physics as well as uni- nology, traffic management technology,
versity-specific, complementary subjects, electrically-driven vehicles, renewable
such as mechanics, electrical engineering energies, etc.
materials, components, systems theory, and
the principles of business administration.

Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin TU Bochum U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs
University Bremen U Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU
Detmold HfM Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf HfM
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Hagen FernU Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU
Hannover U Ilmenau TU Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U
Magdeburg U Mnchen TU Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Paderborn U
Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U Ulm U Wuppertal U

Studies at Universities of Applied of the engineering principles. This is

Sciences subsequently extended and consolidated
by taking modules like telecommunica-
Practical experience/internships: Depend- tions, signal processing, power electronics,
ing on their school/vocational qualifica- microprocessor engineering, electrical
tions, students complete a pre-study drives, control engineering, simulation
internship of several weeks in a crafts engineering, analogue and digital switch-
trade or an industrial electrical company. es. Depending on the institution in ques-
Practical phases of differing length are tion, choice of core study areas, like electri-
completed during the studies. cal power engineering, communications
engineering, electronics, high frequency
Studies: At the start of the studies, mod- engineering, measurement and automatic
ules like mathematics, technical physics, control technology (automation engineer-
principles of electrical engineering/elec- ing), technical information systems. Com-
tronics, CAD methods, computer science/ plementary modules in key qualifications,
information systems, measurement engi- like technical English, work organisation/
neering/metrology, materials and compo- job planning, quality assurance, business
nents provide students with a knowledge management.

Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Aalen HS Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) Amberg-Weiden
FH (Amberg) Anhalt HS (Kthen) Aschaffenburg FH Augsburg FH Berlin bbw
Berlin FHTW Berlin TFH Biberach HS Bielefeld FH Bingen FH Bochum HS
Bochum TFH Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt Augustin) Brandenburg FH Braunschweig /
Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfenbttel) Bremen HS Coburg HS Darmstadt FernHS (Darmstadt,
Pfungstadt) Darmstadt HS Deggendorf FH Dortmund FH Dresden HTW
Dsseldorf FH Essen FOM (Essen) Esslingen HS (Esslingen, Gppingen) Flensburg FH
Frankfurt am Main FH Fulda HS Furtwangen HS Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen)
Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg, Gieen, Wetzlar) Hamburg HAW Hannover FH
Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN (Heilbronn, Knzelsau) Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen
HAWK (Gttingen) Hof FH Ingolstadt FH Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HS
Kempten FH Kiel FH Koblenz FH Kln FH (Gummersbach, Kln) Kln RheinFH
Konstanz HS Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) Leipzig HfTL Leipzig HTWK Lippe
und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mannheim HS
Merseburg FH Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Niederrhein HS
(Krefeld) Nordhausen FH Nrnberg HS Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH Pforzheim HS Ravensburg-
Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Rosenheim FH Saarland HTW
Schmalkalden FH Stralsund FH Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Iserlohn, Meschede, Soest) Trier
FH (Trier) Ulm HS Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Oldenburg) Westkste FHW (Heide)
Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim) Wismar HS Worms FH Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Schweinfurt)
Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS

Engineering 37
2.6 Environmental Protection, Ecology,

Waste Disposal Technology
Study Field Outline ous specialisations. Examples include the

special degree programmes in geoecology
An understanding and acceptance of the and ecology (scientific nature conserva-
necessity for ecological modernisation tion) offered as an element of biology pro-
in business and industry and of the need grammes. In geoecology, scientific interest
to contribute to protecting the natural above all focuses on the atmosphere and
resources strengthens the demand for soils as essential components of an ecosys-
environment-related degree programmes tem. Cross-disciplinary training (including
and subject areas. The range of studies biogeography, soil physics, geomorphol-
has been noticeably extended by establish- ogy, hydrology, geochemistry) improve
ing and refocusing environment-related the understanding of the wide-ranging
subjects at numerous higher education areas of interaction. This allows a more
institutions. They are responsible for plan- specifically-targeted approach to be taken
ning and designing measures to conserve to reducing environmental pollution, facil-
resources and prevent damage to the itating the environmentally-compatible
environment as far as possible. Environ- management of ecosystems. The same is
mental protection-related course contents true of the applied systems sciences pro-
are found in many programmes today, gramme in which socio-economic topics
for example, in mechanical engineering, are also considered and in which the focus
chemistry and physics. Hence, it is not is on creating and applying mathematical
always easy to distinguish between envi- models.
ronment-related and conventional degree
programmes. The lack of uniformity in Pedological-crop farming orientation
the use of terminology makes it difficult
to navigate around the range of studies Such programmes have evolved from the
on offer. Essentially, environment-related area of agricultural and forestry studies.
study opportunities can be classified in Their profile is shaped by the applied natu-
four main orientations: ral sciences and is partly determined by
agricultural and forestry production proc-
Scientific-analytical orientation esses and their relevance to the environ-
ment and nature. Examples include study
This focuses primarily on understanding areas like agroecology, farming and envi-
the processes taking place in the environment offered under these or similar
ronment and nature, and the relevant names at farming and agriculture faculties
methods and insights. Such programmes and departments.
build on the foundation of a scientific
basic study stage (mathematics, physics,
chemistry, biology) and then offer vari-

Planning and design orientation control measures, waste disposal technol-

ogy, waste handling technology, recycling
This unites scientific, socio-economic and technology, water and sewage treatment
design subjects. Examples include degree technology, waste disposal management.
programmes in landscape conservation, Public health technology is a related area.
land use and nature conservation, regional Industrial engineering additionally offers
development and nature conservation, programmes with a focus on environmen-
landscape ecology, and landscape archi- tal protection.
tecture.
In addition, a wide range of postgradu-
Engineering-technical orientation ate and complementary programmes are
offered with environmental contents.
This generally means an engineering pro- Moreover, special courses on environ-
gramme (in most cases civil engineering mental topics can be found as part of a
or mechanical engineering/process engi- wide range of other degree programmes,
neering) focused on air pollution control including economics, social sciences and
measures, noise mitigation, waste disposal law.
and water pollution control measures.
But self-contained degree programmes in Since almost all higher education institu-
environmental protection/environment tions offer programmes in environmental
technology are also offered, e.g. with protection, only the self-contained, full
a focus on human habitats, renewable degree programmes are listed here.
resources, soil protection, air pollution
Studies at Universities Studies: Individual course contents are

weighted differently, depending on the
Practical experience/internships: Require- specific course orientation, from scientific-
ments differ from one university to the technical subjects via economics and law
next. through to social sciences.

Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U Braunschweig TU
Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg, Essen) Flensburg U
Freiberg TUBergAk Freiburg U Gieen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Jena U Kaiserslautern TU
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Magdeburg U Mnchen TU
(Freising, Mnchen) Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Rostock U Stuttgart U
Trier U Tbingen U Wuppertal U Zittau IHI

Engineering 39
Studies at Universities of Applied Studies: The curriculum largely contains

Sciences subjects from applied natural sciences
and technology, e.g. process engineering,
Practical experience/internships: Depend- environmental analysis, environmentally-
ing on their previous school/vocational compatible power generating technology,
qualifications, pre-study internships of environmentally-compatible production
several weeks are required. Practical phas- technologies, engineering thermodynam-
es of varying length are completed during ics, engineering fluid mechanics, environ-
the studies. mental law.

Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg) Anhalt HS (Bernburg) Ansbach FH Augsburg FH
Berlin FHTW Berlin FHW Berlin TFH Bingen FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH
(Wolfenbttel) Bremen HS Bremerhaven H Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH
Eberswalde FH Esslingen HS Flensburg FH Frankfurt am Main FH Gelsenkirchen FH
(Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Gieen) Hamburg HAW Hannover FH
Heilbronn HHN Jena FH Kln FH Konstanz HS Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH
(Hxter) Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Merseburg FH Mnchen HS
Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Neubrandenburg HS Nordhausen FH Nrtingen HfWU
Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) Osnabrck FH
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Rottenburg HS Stuttgart HFT Trier FH
(Birkenfeld) Ulm HS Weihenstephan FH (Triesdorf) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim)
Wismar HS Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS
2.7 Food Technology
Study Field Outline questions of nutritional physiology, in

order to design and develop the treatment
The availability of high-quality, safe foods and processing technology in such a way
is an essential basic requirement for soci- that its impact on each substance is as
ety. However, foods additionally have to conservational as possible.
meet special nutritional needs (e.g. baby
and infant food, dietetic foods) plus indi- Hence, food technology or food process-
vidual consumer expectations. The quality ing engineering combines a basic knowl-
standards of the future will reach new edge of the natural sciences with food
dimensions, above all in terms of health, specific, nutrition-physiological, technical,
prevention and functionality. Thus, foods ecological and business management
must be viewed holistically, from the knowledge. Complementary courses cover
biogenesis of the ingredients through to engineering topics, like process engineer-

ing, mechanical engineering, apparatus ing programmes. Studies then focus more
engineering, process automation and on the principles of the natural sciences
biotechnology, and physical, chemical, and engineering and less on delivering
microbiological and modern molecular a knowledge of specific food substances.
biological analysis methods used in qual- Moreover, and depending on the institu-
ity control. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic tion, teaching or even whole programmes
beverages can be studied as a major in are also offered in pharmaceutical engi-
food technology programmes, but also neering and in the technology of cosmetics
as an independent degree programme in and detergents.
brewing and beverage technology leading
to a Diplom degree in brewing (Diplom- Universities of applied sciences all offer
Braumeister/in). independent degree programmes. Special-
isation in the field of food management,
Some universities offer food technology milk and dairy management, livestock and
or food processing engineering, food engi- meat management or viniculture/viticul-
neering as part of their process engineer- ture/oenology is possible within farming
ing, bioengineering or chemical engineer- and agricultural sciences programmes.
Studies at Universities engineering, biotechnology, molecular

biology, process automation, sensor engi-
Practical experience/internships: 3 to 6 neering, hygiene technology, cleansing
months of relevant subject-related work and disinfection, environmental engineer-
experience, partly completed before the ing, marketing, dairy and milk technology,
commencement of studies; internships technology of animal-based foods, cereal
abroad are funded. technology, fruit and vegetable technology,
sugar technology, oil and fat technology,
Basic study stage: Principles of science fermentation technology, packaging engi-
and technology through lectures, exer- neering, etc.
cises and practical courses on mathemat-
ics, physics, chemistry, biology, process
engineering, food chemistry, microbiol- Programmes in this field
ogy, physiology of food, fluid mechanics, Berlin TU Dresden TU Gieen U
thermodynamics, electrical engineering, (Geisenheim) Hohenheim U (Stuttgart)
mechanical and apparatus engineering, Mnchen TU (Freising)
plus business administration.
Main study stage: Extension of the engi-

neering, food chemistry and biological
subjects complemented by seminars, elec-
tive and optional subjects like food process

Engineering 41
Studies at Universities of Applied ples of biochemistry and nutrition, food

Sciences chemistry, microbiology, food analysis,
preservation and packaging technology,
Practical experience/internships: Depend- environmental engineering, instrument
ing on the school/vocational qualifications, and control engineering, plus non-techni-
a pre-study internship of several weeks cal, cross-disciplinary modules (food law,
is generally required in the fields of food foreign languages, business administra-
processing, food research and food mar- tion, specialist information systems, etc.).
keting. Practical phases of varying length Applied project with thesis.
are completed during the studies.
Depending on the institution in question,
Studies: Initially, modules deliver a knowl- the formal division between basic and
edge of the basic scientific and engineer- main study stage may no longer apply.
ing principles, including mathematics,
computer science/information systems,
physics, chemical principles, animal and
plant raw resources (livestock/crops), ther- Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Sigmaringen)
modynamics, industrial hygiene; comple- Anhalt HS (Bernburg, Kthen) Berlin TFH
mentary courses include food law, sensor Bremerhaven H Fulda HS Hamburg HAW
engineering, quality management, busi- Hannover FH Lippe und Hxter FH
ness management, plus cross-disciplinary (Detmold, Lemgo) Neubrandenburg HS
subjects like technical English, presenta- Osnabrck FH Trier FH (Trier)
Weihenstephan FH (Freising) Wiesbaden
tion techniques. As studies progress,
FH (Geisenheim)
modules offered in areas like the princi-
2.8 Public Health Engineering, Medical Technology

and Engineering
Study Field Outline nology and audiology, medical physics,

hospital operations engineering, as well as
The increasing use of technology in medi- environmental and hygiene engineering.
cine for diagnosis and therapy and the Studies are mainly offered by universities
significance of the environment in public of applied sciences. Degree programmes
health care call for intensive collaboration extend from research and development
between doctors and specially-qualified on processes and equipment for quick
engineers. Subject areas include biomedi- and precise diagnosis and conservative
cal engineering, medical engineering and therapies by analysing, modelling and
technology (medical apparatus engineer- simulating living systems and subsystems
ing), dental technology, hearing aid tech- through to developing biomaterials and

organ replacements. Biomedical engineers virtual simulators for training doctors,

draw up solutions to meet the require- laser therapy in ophthalmology, neuro-
ments of everyday medical practice and technical implants, developing biocompat-
turn these into industrial products. Exam- ible materials or endoscopic operating
ples include novel imaging methods such techniques.
as Positron Emission Tomography (PET),
Studies at Universities and rehabilitation engineering, audiology/

Universities of Applied Sciences hearing acoustics, ophthalmic optics, bio-
compatible materials, cardiotechnology,
Practical experience/internships: Depend- digital image and signal processing, robot-
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- ic systems, environmental and hygiene
tions, a pre-study internship of several engineering, medical safety engineering,
weeks is generally required. Practical quality management, plus subjects from
phases of varying length are completed the economic, management and social sec-
during the studies. tor, internships and projects.
Studies: Initially, students take modules

that deliver the scientific and engineer-
ing principles in mathematics, physics, Aachen FH (Jlich) Aalen HS Albstadt-
anatomy, physiology, computer science/ Sigmaringen HS (Sigmaringen) Anhalt HS
information systems, materials engineer- (Kthen) Bremerhaven H
ing, engineering mechanics, production Furtwangen HS (Villingen-Schwenningen)
engineering; students also gain a basic Gelsenkirchen FH (Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-
Friedberg FH (Gieen) Halle-Wittenberg U
knowledge of business management
Hamburg HAW Hamburg-Harburg TU
plus foreign languages. Depending on
Ilmenau TU Jena FH Koblenz FH
the content focus, students subsequently
(Remagen) Lausitz FH (Senftenberg)
take modules to extend and consolidate Lbeck FH Mnchen TU (Garching)
their knowledge in areas like biomechan- Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Oldenburg /
ics, medical microsystems engineering, Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg,
instrument and control engineering, Wilhelmshaven) Oldenburg U
electrical engineering, medical apparatus Osnabrck FH Saarland HTW
engineering, biotelemetrics, light-weight Stralsund FH Ulm HS
engineering, technical orthopaedics and

Engineering 43
2.9 Industrial Engineering
Study Field Outline simultaneously with economics and busi-

ness administration. Opportunities for
To be able to integrate the various require- specialisation exist, e.g. in civil engineer-
ments and to optimise the processes in ing, electrical engineering and informa-
the interaction between industry and tion technology, mechanical engineering,
engineering, companies and, in some biotechnology, logistics, and in product
cases, administrations and authorities management. After graduating, generally
need experts who have a profound techni- from an engineering programme, students
cal knowledge and a training in business can also take postgraduate or complemen-
administration and, possibly, also in social tary studies that include economic and in
and economic aspects. some cases further technical subjects. Fol-
lowing up an economics-orientated pro-
Studies in industrial engineering may be gramme with an engineering-orientated
completed in various formats. For exam- postgraduate programme is also possible
ple, engineering and more rarely science in individual cases.
or computer science may be studied
Studies at Universities
Practical experience/internships: Aachen TH Berlin TU Bochum U

3 months each spent in fields of technical Braunschweig TU Bremen U
and commercial practice to be completed Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Cottbus TU
Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU
before or during the studies.
Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg)
Erlangen-Nrnberg U Freiberg TUBergAk
Studies: The basic study stage covers
Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU
the principles of mathematics, science Hannover U Ilmenau TU
and engineering relevant to the selected Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U
engineering focus, and essential areas of Kassel U Kiel U Lneburg U
economics and business administration Magdeburg U Paderborn U Siegen U
(operational research), law and statistics, Stuttgart U Zittau IHI
data processing and computer science/
information systems. The main study
stage offers extension and consolidation in
both main areas.

Studies at Universities of Applied engineering, civil engineering, engineer-

Sciences ing chemistry, traffic and transport,
information and communication systems
Practical experience/internships: Depend- ICT), students consolidate their subject-
ing on the school/vocational qualifications, related knowledge. Students also take
a pre-study internship of several weeks is economics modules like accounting and
generally required in the commercial or auditing, theory of organisation, ergonom-
technical field. Practical phases of varying ics, industrial/corporate statistics, finance
length are completed during the studies. and accounting, operational research, pro-
curement and marketing/sales manage-
Studies: Modules on the technical/ ment, production management, industrial
engineering, mathematical-scientific, mathematics, project and quality manage-
economic and legal principles. Depending ment, plus special areas of law, foreign
on the engineering subject in question languages, forming spin-offs/company
(e.g. mechanical engineering, electrical start-ups.

Aachen FH Aalen HS Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt, Sigmaringen) Amberg-Weiden FH
(Weiden) Anhalt HS (Dessau, Kthen) Ansbach FH Aschaffenburg FH Berlin bbw
Berlin FHTW Berlin FHW Berlin TFH Bingen FH Bochum HS Bochum TFH
Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Salzgitter, Wolfsburg) Bremen HS Chemnitz FernFH
Coburg HS Darmstadt HS Deggendorf FH Dresden HTW Erding FHAM Erfurt FH
Esslingen HS Fulda HS Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen, Recklinghausen)
Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg, Gieen, Wetzlar) Hamburg HAW Hamburg HFH Hamm FH
Hannover FH Harz HS (Wernigerode) Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN (Heilbronn, Knzelsau)
Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Gttingen, Holzminden) Hochschule21 (Buxtehude)
Hof FH Ingolstadt FH Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH (Kaiserslautern, Pirmasens, Zweibrcken)
Karlsruhe HS Kempten FH Kiel FH Kln FH (Gummersbach) Kln RheinFH Konstanz HS
Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH (Detmold)
Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mannheim HS Merseburg FH
Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Neu-Ulm FH Niederrhein HS (Krefeld)
Nordakademie FH (Elmshorn) Nordhausen FH Offenburg HS (Gengenbach) Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH (Lingen/
Ems, Osnabrck) Pforzheim HS Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Reutlingen HS
Rosenheim FH Saarland HTW Schmalkalden FH Stralsund FH Stuttgart AKAD Stuttgart
HdM Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Meschede) Trier FH (Birkenfeld, Trier) Ulm HS Vechta/
Diepholz FHWT (Diepholz) Wedel FH Westkste FHW (Heide) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim)
Wildau TFH Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Schweinfurt) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS

Engineering 45
2.10 Materials Sciences, Materials Engineering,

Building Materials, Paper Engineering
Study Field Outline A completely new key technology is also

to be found in the field of materials engi-
Materials have been decisive to the devel- neering: Nano(structure) engineering.
opment of human civilisation since its Nannos means dwarf. Hence, the name
very beginnings through to the present already refers to a world that offers space
day. This is why the periods of prehis- for just a millionth of a metre (nanome-
tory and early history were named after tre). Thus, materials are already being
their characteristic materials: Stone Age, manipulated and reassembled at atomic
Bronze Age, Iron Age. or molecular level. Specifically-targeted
nanostructure designs make it possible
The availability of modern materials is to equip materials with optimised prop-
today one of the key industries, since erties for a wide range of technologies.
without the appropriate materials it will For example, surfaces can be given an
hardly be possible to bring new technolo- extremely smooth surface. Adhesives can
gies into practical application. A driving be produced by applying a coating to per-
force in the development of materials manently bond materials together, or by
is provided by the call for improved producing optics that can provide protec-
functionality along with reduced weight tion against dangerous rays.
and volume and resource-conserving
production methods. Hence, tailor-made The study of materials sciences calls for
materials are revolutionising the fields an interest in mathematics, science and
of lightweight engineering and construc- engineering. The training of a materials
tion, are reducing energy consumption, engineer also delivers the interrelations
are biocompatible, recyclable and react between raw materials, production/proc-
intelligently to changing operating condi- ess engineering, material structure/prop-
tions. Modern technology has a wealth of erties, and applications. Studies deliver a
materials at its disposal, of which the key knowledge of the physical and chemical
groups are metals, like ferrous and non- principles of material properties and of
ferrous metals, semi-conductors, non- their importance for technical applica-
metallic-inorganic materials, like ceramic tions. Physics and chemistry, process
materials, glasses and inorganic bonding engineering, mechanical engineering,
agents, plus organic materials, like plas- electrical engineering, energy and power
tics and rubber. The composite materials engineering, plus metallurgy provide the
which are gaining greatly in significance framework for the studies.
are made up of a stable mixture of (at least
two) of the above-mentioned materials Materials engineering deals with the
groups. engineering aspects of the production,

structure, application and technological (cement, lime, plaster) is formed by

(manufacturing-specific) properties of non-metal, inorganic raw materials. Their
known materials and their continuing respective production, processing and
development and adaptation to new appli- application has thus developed in a wide
cations. range of directions as a consequence of
the very special requirements that the elec-
Materials science examines the structural trical industry, for example, demands from
formation of materials (metals, poly- ceramic materials, or the optical industry
mers, glasses/ceramics, semiconductors, requires from special glasses.
composites) and the resulting technical
properties that allow technical materials to Foundry engineering deals with the
be produced with new or improved proper- processing of solid materials via a molten
ties, including the development of com- phase to produce highly-developed cast-
pletely new production processes. ings of every shape and size. Moulding
materials and moulding processes are also
Metals science is concerned with research- of significance here.
ing, developing and applying metals from
scientific and engineering perspectives. Plastics technology deals with the produc-
The field deals with pure metals, like tion, processing and application of plastics
aluminium, with alloys such as steel and (i.e. man-made or synthetic materials)
frequently also with metal-like materials including India Rubber, the raw material
and with composites made of metals and for rubber and the relevant machines and
non-metals. It also addresses measures to equipment. The production-orientated
refine and process materials and to protect programme has a closer mechanical engi-
material parts by improving the surface neering focus.
finish (corrosion-proofing).
Paper technology covers the fields of cellu-
The shared starting point for glass mate- lose and paper manufacturing plus paper
rials (sheet glass, hollow glass, special processing and the production of packing
glass), ceramics (high-performance ceram- materials, involving the monitoring and
ics like piezoceramics, silicate ceram- control of complex chemical-physical proc-
ics like porcelain) and bonding agents esses.
Studies at Universities theory, engineering mechanics, and gen-

eral materials sciences.
Materials Sciences
Main study stage: Theoretical, experi-
Basic study stage: Mathematics, physics, mental and technological aspects of the
chemistry, physical chemistry, theory of individual material groups, computing,
crystal(line) structures, structural design business administration, patent law plus

Engineering 47
consolidation subjects in the chosen Main study stage (variously weighted,

specialisation, such as general material depending on the major): Metals science,
sciences, material science and technology metals physics, material testing, texture
of metals, glass and ceramics, corrosion and structure studies, corrosion, special
and surface engineering, plastics, artificial materials, metallurgy, casting methods,
and synthetic materials and rubber, paper, moulding and ductility methods, process-
electrical engineering materials, modelling ing and application of materials, business
and simulation. and management.
Students specialising in rocks and earth

focus on process engineering and metal- Programmes in this field
lurgy subjects, with core study areas in Aachen TH Augsburg U Bayreuth U
solid building materials, bonding agents, Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU
and again ceramics, glass, enamels, refrac- Bielefeld U Bremen Jacobs University
tory building materials. Bremen U Clausthal TU Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-
Students in the materials science pro- Essen U (Duisburg) Erlangen-Nrnberg U
gramme can extend and consolidate their (Erlangen) Freiberg TUBergAk
studies by acquiring chemical and crystal- Gieen U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg-
lographic knowledge. Harburg TU Ilmenau TU Jena U
Kaiserslautern TU Kassel U Kiel U
Leipzig U Mnchen TU (Garching,
Metals Science
Mnchen) Osnabrck U Saarbrcken U
Stuttgart U Weimar U Wrzburg U
Basic study stage: Mathematics, physics,
chemistry, physical chemistry, crystal-
lography, materials sciences and, in some
cases, mechanical engineering and electri-
cal engineering.
Studies at Universities of Applied Materials Engineering

Sciences
Basic study stage: Mathematics, phy-
Practical experience/internships: Depend- sics, chemistry, physical chemistry, mate-
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- rials studies, materials testing, metals
tions, a pre-study internship of several science, mechanics, science of material
weeks is generally required. Practical strength, electrical engineering, techni-
phases of varying length are completed cal design theory, plus general education
during the studies. subjects.

Main study stage: Lectures and practi- ment, material recycling, quality assur-
cal courses in the following areas: Metals ance.
science, metallography, materials testing,
solid-state physics, fracture mechanics, Paper Technology
corrosion, welding technology, plastics
chemistry and plastics technology; glass, Basic study stage: Mathematics, physics,
ceramics and special materials; plus law, engineering mechanics, technical draw-
business management, and other optional ing, electrical engineering and chemistry.
subjects; choice of extension and consoli-
dation subjects in selected fields. Main study stage (divided into two core
study areas): Paper production engineer-
Surface Technology ing: Chemistry of paper and cellulose
production, analytical chemistry, materi-
Basic study stage: As for materials engi- als testing and measurement engineering
neering. (metrology), power generating and pow-
ered processing machines, paper testing
Main study stage: Corrosion and anti- and paper finishing/refinement, disposal,
corrosion measures, electrochemistry, computing and industrial organisation.
galvanising and electroplating technology,
enamelling and coating technology, opera- Paper processing engineering: Electrical
tional and process engineering, surface engineering, analytical chemistry, plastics
technology, sewage and effluent engineer- chemistry, methods of processing paper
ing and technology. and cardboard, materials testing and meas-
urement engineering (metrology), paper
Ceramics, Glass finishing/refinement, plastics processing,
adhesion technology, packaging technol-
Basic study stage: Broad range of basic ogy and business management subjects.
training in mathematics, physics and inor-
ganic respectively physical chemistry, plus Metals Science
mineralogy, crystallography, ceramics,
ceramic calculus, principles of engineer- Basic study stage: Basic subjects like
ing (mechanics, electrical engineering, mathematics, physics, chemistry, ther-
engineering thermodynamics), plus for- modynamics, materials science, materials
eign languages. testing, mechanics, material strength,
electrical engineering, production engi-
Main study stage: Materials science, neering.
mechanical and thermal process engineer-
ing, instrument and control engineering, Main study stage: Metals science, met-
glass and glazes, industrial design, sili- allography, materials testing, physical
cate fine ceramics, construction ceram- chemistry, solid-state physics, corrosion,
ics, structural and functional ceramics, welding technology and special materials,
refractory products plus business manage- business management.

Engineering 49
Plastics Technology processing and machine tool engineering,

process automation, engineering calculus,
Basic study stage: Mathematics, phys- design and technical design theory, option
ics, chemistry and plastics chemistry to extend and consolidate their studies in
as a mathematical-scientific basis, plus individual fields.
machine theory, engineering mechanics,
science of material strength, technical Programmes in this field
design theory, electrical engineering, proc-
ess engineering, materials engineering Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Aalen HS
and plastics processing technology, pro- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Rheinbach)
Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg)
gramming and computing, business man-
Frankfurt am Main FH Gelsenkirchen FH
agement, plus general education subjects.
(Recklinghausen) Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Friedberg) Gttingen FH priv. (Gttingen,
Main study stage: Materials and plastics Stade) Hof FH Jena FH Kaiserslautern
testing, structure, properties and chemis- FH (Pirmasens) Koblenz FH (Hhr-
try of polymer materials, modelling poly- Grenzhausen) Mnchen HS Mnster FH
mer properties, plastics recycling, com- (Steinfurt) Nrnberg HS Osnabrck FH
pound materials, rheology, electronics, Reutlingen HS Rosenheim FH
instrument, measurement and automatic Sdwestfalen FH (Iserlohn) Wrzb.-
control engineering, computing and CAD, Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg) Zwickau HS
power and drive engineering, plastics
2.11 Mechanical Engineering
Study Field Outline engineering, utilities engineering, process

engineering (plant engineering), nuclear
Mechanical engineering and plant engi- and reactor engineering, production and
neering account for Germanys largest safety engineering as well as precision
branch of industry, consequently making engineering products (electrical and elec-
it a decisive driving force for technical tronic devices of all kinds). Automation of
progress. Hence, the branch is one of the the production processes and the growing
countrys most important engineering significance of information technologies
disciplines. Mechanical engineering not play an ever greater role in all fields, as
only deals with machines in the narrower does the field of mechatronics as a multi-
sense, such as heat engines and thermal- disciplinary field built on the foundations
ly-driven machines, machine tools, proof mechanical engineering, electrical
duction and processing machines, auto- engineering and computer science/infor-
matic machines, and robots, as well as mation systems. This not only means
vehicles of all kinds, traffic and transport making intelligent use of machines and

systems, but also and increasingly of materials engineering, building materials,

ensuring the environmentally-compatible paper engineering.
use of technology and engineering and of
conserving resources through responsible There are also a number of method and
action. task-orientated subject areas, such as
general mechanical engineering, mechan-
The diversity of the fields has resulted ics, structural engineering. The study of
in a strong subdivision of subject areas technical and economic contents is mainly
within mechanical engineering. For more provided by industrial engineering pro-
information, see degree programmes in grammes, with specialisation in mechani-
print and media engineering and technol- cal engineering. The basic study stage
ogy, automotive engineering plus traffic in mechanical engineering programmes
and transport engineering, precision and conveys the principles of mathematics, sci-
micro engineering, aerospace engineer- ence and engineering in the various areas.
ing, mechatronics, production engineer- Students only begin to specialise in the
ing, materials sciences and engineering, advanced stages of their studies.
Studies at Universities Students then consolidate and extend their

knowledge of the principles and (depend-
Practical experience/internship: Depend- ing on the courses that are offered) chose
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- a consolidation area, such as general
tions, a pre-study internship of between 6 mechanical engineering, technical design
and 8 weeks with relevant practical work engineering, production and manufactur-
experience is generally required. 6 to 14 ing engineering, product development,
weeks of practical experience (industrial energy, power and process engineer-
internship) are required during the stud- ing, combustion engines, heat/thermal,
ies. power propulsion engineering, materials-
handling engineering, machine tools, jet
Studies: Modules initially deliver the engines, turbines and flight propulsion
scientific, technical and methodological systems, earth-moving and agricultural
principles. Typical subjects include math- machines, materials flow engineering,
ematics, engineering materials science transport and traffic engineering, aero-
and testing, technical design theory, CAD, space engineering, plastics engineering.
measurement engineering/metrology, Students can also take specialist modules
thermodynamics, production, process- like power engineering, manufactur-
ing and process engineering, theory of ing technology, machine elements, fluid
electricity, technical information systems, mechanics, numerical calculus methods,
experimental physics, work and opera- control engineering, simulation engineer-
tional organisation/job planning. ing, industrial automation, light and light-

Engineering 51
ing engineering, quality management. Depending on the institution in question,

Complementary courses deliver general studies may be divided into a basic and a
qualifications (e.g. foreign language skills, consolidation study stage.
additional knowledge in project manage-
ment, knowledge of economic and ecologi-
cal frameworks, etc.).

Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin TU Bochum U Braunschweig TU Bremen U
Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU
Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Freiberg TUBergAk
Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU Hannover U Ilmenau TU Kaiserslautern TU
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mnchen TU (Garching, Mnchen)
Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Paderborn U Rostock U Siegen U Stuttgart U Wuppertal U
Studies at Universities of Applied technical design, manufacturing, opera-

Sciences tional and production/job planning, auto-
motive engineering, energy/power engi-
Practical experience/internships: Depend- neering can be chosen. Complementary
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- courses deliver general qualifications in
tions, a pre-study internship of several English, business management/account-
weeks of relevant work experience is gen- ing, communication and presentation
erally required in metal processing compa- techniques, plus law.
nies. Practical phases of varying length are
completed during the studies. Depending on the university in question,
studies may be divided into a basic and a
Studies: Initially, students acquire the consolidation study stage.
engineering, mathematical-scientific and
IT principles, much as in university stud-
ies. They then take modules that deliver a
greater understanding in areas like techni-
cal design, calculation and computation,
manufacturing, measurement engineer-
ing/metrology, drive engineering, instru-
ment and control engineering, and quality
assurance. Students additionally work
on practical projects. Depending on the
courses offered by the university, applied
core study areas such as development and


Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Aalen HS Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) Amberg-Weiden
FH (Amberg) Anhalt HS (Kthen) Augsburg FH Berlin bbw Berlin FHTW Berlin TFH
Bielefeld FH Bingen FH Bochum HS Bochum TFH Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt
Augustin) Brandenburg FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfenbttel) Bremen HS
Bremerhaven H Coburg HS Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) Deggendorf FH
Dortmund FH Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH Essen FOM (Essen) Esslingen HS
Flensburg FH Frankfurt am Main FH Furtwangen HS (Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen)
Gelsenkirchen FH (Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg, Gieen, Wetzlar) Hamburg
HAW Hannover FH Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen
HAWK (Gttingen) Ingolstadt FH Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HS
Kempten FH Kiel FH Koblenz FH Kln FH (Gummersbach, Kln) Kln RheinFH
Konstanz HS Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Cottbus, Senftenberg) Leipzig HTWK (Leipzig,
Markkleeberg) Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH
(Magdeburg) Mannheim HS Mittweida HS (Mittweida, Rowein) Mnchen HS Mnster
FH (Mnster, Steinfurt) Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) Nrnberg HS Offenburg HS Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH Pforzheim HS
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Reutlingen HS Saarland HTW
Schmalkalden FH Stralsund FH Sdwestfalen FH (Iserlohn, Meschede, Soest) Trier FH
(Birkenfeld, Trier) Ulm HS Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Diepholz) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim)
Wildau TFH Wismar HS Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Schweinfurt) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
Zwickau HS
2.12 Mechatronics
Study Field Outline develop new mechatronics products, sys-

tems and production methods, engineers
Mechatronic systems have long become a and scientists have to combine methods
part of our everyday life. There would be and tools taken from these classical indi-
no airbags, anti-lock brake systems, pho- vidual disciplines. Only with such collabo-
tocopiers, CD players, driving simulators ration can sensors, actuators and informa-
or ticket machines let alone industrial tion processing systems be integrated into
robots if several engineering disciplines a mechanical design and so benefit from
had not joined forces to build and look a wealth of synergies. Thanks to electron-
ahead to the future. Mechatronics is an ics, microelectronics and computing, new
interdisciplinary field within engineering mechatronics systems are constantly being
and builds on the three pillars of mechani- developed. Yet, mechatronics is certainly
cal engineering, electrical engineering and not just restricted to specific areas of
computer science/information systems. To mechanical engineering; rather it influ-

Engineering 53
ences practically all branches of science Hence, mechatronics programmes are

and industry. organised as an interface between various
specialist fields. Students attend lectures
The first degree course in mechatronics and other courses from all three classical
was introduced at the Fachhochschule areas. The study of mechatronics often
Bochum (university of applied sciences) differentiates between Mechatronic Sys-
in 1993. Previously, the subject had only tems (drive and simulation engineering,
been offered as a specialisation or core machines and devices, robotics, motion
study area within mechanical engineering systems, actuators and sensors, measure-
programmes. Meanwhile, self-contained ment and instrumentation, and image
mechatronics programmes are offered at processing), Micromechatronics and
a number of universities and at around 50 Nanomechatronics (microsystems engi-
universities of applied sciences (FH). neering, microengineering and precision
engineering functional groups, microsys-
Mechatronic engineers use their general tems metrology) and Biomechatronics
perspective and understanding of sys- (robotics, biosystems, bioactuators, control
tems to collaborate with specialists from and design, (automatic) control systems).
mechanical engineering, electrical engi- The range of subjects varies from one
neering and computer science. In contrast institution to the next and depends on
to these specialists, mechatronic engineers the specific focus, core study areas and
are seen as generalists who can approach specialisations offered in the respective
and coordinate projects and problems programme.
from a cross-disciplinary perspective.
Studies at Universities and engineering, electronics, and electronic

Universities of Applied Sciences devices, circuit engineering, computer
science/information systems, digital engi-
Practical experience/internships: Depend- neering, control engineering, signals and
ing on the school/professional qualifica- systems, structural calculation, dynamics,
tions, students are generally required to technical design engineering, systems
complete a pre-study internship of several design, electrical CAE (Computer Aided
weeks involving work processes typical of Engineering), electrical propulsion/drive
the subject in question. Practical phases of engineering, control engineering, signal
varying length are completed during the engineering, sensor engineering, meas-
studies. urement and instrumentation, robotic
systems, automation, thermodynamics
Studies: Modules on the mathematical- and fluid dynamics, materials, technical
scientific core subjects, i.e. mathematics optics/optical engineering, light and light-
and physics, and in engineering subjects, ing engineering, hydraulics and pneumat-
like engineering mechanics, electrical ics. Depending on the institution in ques-

tion, various consolidation options, such such as English, business management/

as microsystems engineering, micro sys- accounting, project management, and law.
tems technology, microelectromechanical
systems (MEMS), instrument and device Some institutions may divide the stud-
engineering, medical engineering and ies into a basic and a consolidation study
technology, plus general studies modules stage.

Aachen FH Aalen HS Aschaffenburg FH Augsburg FH Bayreuth U Berlin TFH
Bielefeld FH Bingen FH Bochum HS Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt Augustin)
Brandenburg FH Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Darmstadt FernHS (Pfungstadt) Darmstadt
HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) Darmstadt TU Deggendorf FH Dortmund TU Dresden TU
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Essen FOM (Essen) Esslingen HS (Gppingen) Frankfurt
am Main FH Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg) Hagen FernU
Hamburg HAW Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU Hannover FHDW (Celle)
Hannover U Harz HS (Wernigerode) Heilbronn HHN Ilmenau TU Jena FH
Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HS Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel FH Koblenz FH Kln FH
Konstanz HS Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Magdeburg U Magdeburg-Stendal FH
(Magdeburg) Merseburg FH Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnchen TU (Garching)
Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) Nrnberg HS Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH Paderborn U Ravensburg-
Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Reutlingen HS Saarbrcken U
Saarland HTW Siegen U Stuttgart U Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Iserlohn) Ulm HS
Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Oldenburg) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
2.13 Mining, Geoengineering, Mine Surveying
Study Field Outline required in the prospecting stage. Solid

materials are mined in underground or
Mining is concerned with prospecting, open-cast operations depending on the
developing, extracting and processing type of deposit, while fluid and gaseous
(natural) mineral resource deposits for deposits are developed and extracted by
further use. These mineral resources are means of drilling. This calls for com-
coal, oil and natural gas, plus ores, salts, plex technical plants, installations and
rocks, stones, earth and soils of various equipment. Mining engineers are largely
kinds. Before deposits can be economically responsible for organising, operating
and safely mined and extracted, extensive and monitoring these processes. Further
examinations and reports (surveying) are responsibilities include environmental

Engineering 55
protection, reporting and planning on Mine surveying deals with the mapping
underground deposits. and calculation of existing deposits, the
graphic imaging of underground and
Geoengineering combines knowledge open-cast mines as well as the measure-
from the natural sciences, geosciences ment and registration of surface damage
(Earth sciences) and engineering with caused by underground operations. Mine
the specialist geoengineering expertise surveyors are specialised geodetic engi-
acquired in fields like engineering geol- neers.
ogy, soil mechanics and rock mechanics.
The aim is to gain an understanding of The study of mining and geoengineering
the mechanical behaviour of rocks and is possible at technical universities, uni-
to predict the interaction between struc- versities of technology, and at universities
tural developments and the rock in order of applied sciences, while mine surveying
to be able to use land as building plots can only be studied at technical universi-
and building areas and to mine materials ties/universities of technology.
and mineral resources for building and
construction. Analytical and numerical Since mining operations primarily involve
methods for dimensioning geoengineered a wide range of engineering aspects, the
structures (e.g. foundation ditches, dams, catalogue of subjects for these degree pro-
tips) as well as the use of tunnel and gal- grammes extends from geoscientific fields
lery engineering (e.g. tunnels, caverns, via mine engineering to law and econom-
underground storage or deposit sites) play ics disciplines.
an important role in this respect.
Studies at Universities Basic study stage: Lectures and exercises

in the basic science subjects (mathemat-
Practical experience/internships: A sub- ics, physics, chemistry, mineralogy,
ject-related internship is recommended petrography, geology, geosciences/Earth
before studies commence. Work experi- sciences, geomechanics, basic engineer-
ence activities of varying length are coming subjects (mechanical engineering/
pleted during the studies, such as excur- machine operating engineering, electrical
sions to teaching mines, etc. Training engineering, thermodynamics, process
as an apprentice miner or an apprentice engineering and surveying, engineering
mine surveyor amounting to a total of 200 mechanics, energy and mineral resource
shifts is recommended (as a prerequisite engineering) and other fundamental sub-
for higher public service positions in min- jects (law and economics). Mine surveyors
ing and mine surveying) and can be recog- also study general mine surveying and
nised as an internship. mine damage surveying.

Main study stage: Extension and consoli- Mine surveying programmes primarily
dation of the engineering principles and offer mine surveying-geodetic training.
specialist studies. Geoengineering and In addition, the basic training acquired in
mining programmes offer the subject computer science/information systems,
areas of mining, drilling techniques and in geomechanics and in law and business
reservoir engineering, geoengineering, management is consolidated. Studies in
special foundation engineering; mineral mining-foundation engineering or open-
resources engineering programmes offer cast mining are optional.
specialisation in the fields of mineral
resource extraction and mining, mineral
resource processing, mine surveying, Programmes in this field
energy resources; energy and mineral Aachen TH Clausthal TU Freiberg
resources programmes offer specialisa- TUBergAk
tion in energy and mineral resource
engineering and petroleum engineering.
Studies at Universities of Applied Main study stage: Subject-specific,

Sciences practice-focused in subjects like drilling,
sampling, calculation methods, soil and
Practical experience/internships: rock mechanics, hydrology, geological
A required internship of 160 shifts must work, soil science/pedology, informa-
be completed (of which 60 shifts must tion systems, building material science,
have been completed before the studies environmental protection, law, surface
start). Training as an apprentice miner or recycling and rehabilitation, and English.
an apprentice mine surveyor is also recog- Complementary internships in lab and
nised. field, excursions and seminars plus a com-
prehensive range of optional subjects.
Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises and
practical courses in the mathematical, sci-
entific and engineering principles. Programmes in this field
Bochum TFH

Engineering 57
2.14 Navigation: Nautical Science, Ship Operations

Engineering, Maritime Transport
Study Field Outline Officer of the Watch/Senior Marine Engi-

neer with a licence to serve as an engineer
The study of nautical science and ship on ships of all engine ratings.
operations engineering covers all areas
required for the nautical or engineering Degree programmes in shipping company
operation of a ship. logistics and maritime transport and port
and harbour management above all pre-
Studies in nautical science not only cover pare students for planning and organisa-
nautical, seafaring subjects, but also busi- tional responsibilities in shipping compa-
ness management focuses and lead to nies, and in maritime and other shipping/
qualification as a Nautical Officer of the forwarding companies as well as in port/
Watch/Captain with a licence to serve on harbour and storage house companies.
merchant ships of all sizes and all naviga-
ble waters. The degree programme in cruise industry
management offered at the Hochschule
Studies in ship operations engineering Bremen University of Applied Sciences
extend to the operation, monitoring and trains professionals for careers in interna-
maintenance of marine engine systems tional cruise tourism.
and lead to qualification as a Technical
Studies at Universities of Applied Basic study stage: Mathematics, physics,

Sciences chemistry, computer science/information
systems, basic business and manage-
Nautical science ment, psychology, sociology, shipbuilding,
marine engineering operations, communi-
Special admissions requirements: cations, medical treatment of injuries and
1) Completed vocational training / appren- illnesses.
ticeship as a ship technician, or 2) practi-
cal training and 12 months at sea as a Main study stage: Navigation, meteorol-
nautical assistant officer, of which at least ogy, maritime English, shipbuilding and
6 months completed before commencing ship theory, loading techniques, maritime
studies at the university of applied sci- commercial law, human resources man-
ences. The practical training and the time agement, emergency management, health
spent at sea can also be completed in the care, radio licence, training on radar and
form of two practical semesters offered as ship operations simulators.
part of an 8-semester pilot programme.

Ship operations engineering Shipping Company Logistics /

Maritime Transport and Port and
Special admissions requirements: Harbour Management
1) Completed vocational training / appren-
ticeship as a ship technician and 6 months Studies: Modules on information technol-
at sea in ship technician service, or 2) ogy, mathematical-scientific, socio-eco-
completed vocational training / appren- nomic, and methodological principles as
ticeship in a recognised metal or electrical well as on legal and business management
engineering trade and one year at sea as a aspects (e.g. employment and industrial
technician, or 3) practical training and 18 law, insurance law, cost calculating, con-
months at sea as a technical assistant offic- trolling), plus a basic knowledge of port
er, of which at least 12 months must have and harbour management, logistics/port
been completed before commencing stud- and harbour logistics, chemistry, danger-
ies at the university of applied sciences. ous loads, ship theory, telematics, char-
tering and loading, marketing and sales,
Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises and corporate management, foreign languages
practical courses in mathematics, physics, and presentation techniques.
engineering mechanics, basic electrical
engineering, instrument and control engi-
neering, thermodynamics, English, busi- Programmes in this field
ness administration. Bremen HS Bremerhaven H
Flensburg FH Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Main study stage: Engines, machines and Wilhelmshaven FH (Elsfleth, Leer)
plants, combustion engines and plants, Wismar HS (Warnemnde)
steam plants/engines, shipbuilding/safety,
technical ship operations, fuels, fluids
and lubricants, human resources manage-
ment.
2.15 Optical Technologies
Study Field Outline technology and in storage and software

engineering, the optical technologies and
Until just recently, the term optics was their applications have developed at great
primarily associated with classical eve- pace and are seen as a key technology
ryday objects, like glasses, microscopes, and driving force for innovation in the
binoculars or camera lenses. Since the 21st century. They have long matured and
development of lasers advances in manu- have left their research labs to embark on
facturing techniques, semiconductor a triumphant journey into our everyday

Engineering 59
life, in hospitals, in vehicles of all kinds, in so-called OLEDs, will conjure up images
machines and factory buildings. of brilliant quality on laptops and mobiles.
The applications are practically endless
So what exactly does the term optical and extend from optoelectronics, infor-
technologies, also known as photonics, mation and communications technology,
really mean? The term actually covers the manufacturing engineering, the semicon-
entirety of the physical and biological laws ductor industry via environmental, micro
of nature and technologies for generat- and sensor systems engineering, meas-
ing, intensifying, shaping, transmitting, urement engineering/metrology, print-
measuring and utilising, exploiting and ing and exposure techniques, traffic and
applying light in all wave ranges. This in lighting technology all the way through
itself already suggests that the fields of to medicine and the biosciences, to name
application and products are very diverse but a few.
and wide-ranging. We encounter high-
quality optical devices, complex optical Often, it is not immediately apparent
components as well as optics-based manu- where optical technology-related subjects
facturing methods everywhere. Together can be studied, because teaching is gen-
with the worldwide fibreglass cables, light erally offered in the form of core study
has become the preferred means of trans- areas or consolidation courses or in indi-
port for speech and data transmissions. vidual modules under the programmes in
Optical fibres make it possible to achieve mechanical engineering, mechatronics,
the highest information densities and so, physics and physical engineering, preci-
for example, facilitate the simultaneous sion and microengineering, electrical
transmission of audio and video signals. engineering and information technology
CDs and DVDs have replaced magnetic or in materials sciences. Each institution
recording methods for large volumes of has its own specific focus. This results in
data. Lasers are being used as welding and a correspondingly wide spread of research
cutting tools in areas like the automotive and application, thus making it necessary
and shipbuilding industries and are able to to gain as much information as possible
process the widest range of materials like about the respective profile of the degree
glass, stainless steel, and plastics with the programmes in question.
highest precision.
Meanwhile, independent degree pro-
Modern medical engineering and technol- grammes have, mainly at universities of
ogy is no longer conceivable without opti- applied sciences, established themselves
cal technologies just think of the use of in the field of optical technologies, such as
lasers in ophthalmology. The whole field optoelectronics, optometry and vision sci-
of keyhole surgery is equally inconceiv- ence, laser and optical technologies, phot-
able without fibre optic cables that give onics. Degree programmes in ophthalmic
the surgeons an insight into a patients optics/optometry also deliver medical
body. And soon, ultrathin, flexible displays and optical knowledge and techniques for
made of luminescent synthetic materials, identifying the causes of sight problems

and for achieving the greatest possible mathematics as well as of the classical
sight with physical-optical resources. field of technical optics, especially for
graduates wishing to work in fields like
All these programmes share an essential, optical engineering or applied fields in
well-founded knowledge of the scientific medical engineering and technology.
and technical principles of physics and
Studies at Universities and micro systems technology, microelec-

Universities of Applied Sciences tromechanical systems (MEMS), image
processing and other fields of relevance
Practical experience/internships: to application and research. In addition,
Depending on the school/vocational non-technical subjects like project man-
qualifications, a pre-study internship of agement, technical English, business
several weeks. During the studies, most administration. Students of ophthalmic
programmes will include several practi- optics can extend and consolidate their
cal phases or work experience study knowledge with studies in optometry and
semesters, laboratory exercises and project ophthalmic technology.
assignments. Applicants for the ophthal-
mic optics programme are expected or
recommended to have a vocational qualifi- Programmes in this field
cation as an optician. Aalen HS Berlin TFH Braunschweig /
Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfsburg) Bremen HS
Studies: Initial modules focus on acquir- Clausthal TU Darmstadt HS
ing the mathematical, scientific and engi- Deggendorf FH Erlangen-Nrnberg U
neering principles, including areas like (Erlangen) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg,
analysis, vector calculus, mechanics and Gieen, Wetzlar) Hamburg-Harburg TU
electrics (science of electricity), electronics, Hannover U Hildesheim/Holzminden/
Gttingen HAWK (Gttingen) Ilmenau TU
nuclear and molecular physics, chemistry,
Jena FH Karlsruhe U Koblenz FH
computer science/information systems,
(Remagen) Kln FH Lbeck FH
programming, optometry, instrument and
Mnchen HS Mnster FH (Steinfurt)
control engineering, biomedicine, and Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH
physiological optics. (Emden) Oldenburg U Ravensburg-
Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Wildau TFH
Depending on the chosen programme,
students extend and consolidate their
knowledge in areas like laser engineering
and special fields of application, materials
technology, materials processing, informa-
tion and communication technologies,
optometry, microsystems engineering,

Engineering 61
2.16 Precision and Micro Engineering
Study Field Outline tromechanical systems (MEMS)) combines

microelectronic, micromechanical and
Precision engineering involves the study optoelectronic components like intelligent
of mechanics, optics and, above all, elec- microprocessors, sensors and actuators
tronics, including precision engineered to form extremely miniaturised technical
devices and instruments (e.g. watches), systems. Applications range from sat nav
optics, including optometry, optoelec- systems in vehicles via tiny valves and
tronics, communications technology, pumps for drug dosage delivery in the
microsystems engineering, micro systems body through to complex chemical analy-
technology, microelectromechanical sys- sis systems of the very smallest dimen-
tems (MEMS), medical engineering and sions, e.g. astronautics. Studies combine
technology, measurement, control and subject areas from the fields of computer
data engineering, mechatronics. These science/information systems, microoptics
fields are mainly used to produce, trans- and microelectronics, as well as microme-
mit, store, convert, monitor and process chanics, which is why they have a highly
optical and acoustic, electrical, hydraulic multidisciplinary structure.
and pneumatic signals to operate devices,
such as CD and hard disk drives, cameras, Precision engineers often collaborate with
microscopes, laser systems, plane tables, physicists, chemical scientists, computer
computer components or domestic appli- scientists and engineers from other fields,
ances. Importance attaches here to secure The study of precision engineering is relat-
and precise transmission. ed to electronic engineering, mechanical
engineering, mechatronics, and computer
Microengineering/microsystems engineer- science.
ing (micro systems technology, microelec-
Studies at Universities chemistry, materials science, engineering

mechanics, machine elements, technical
Practical experience/internships: A basic design theory, electrical engineering, ther-
internship of 6 to 8 weeks completed, as mal engineering and other subjects, plus
far as possible, before the studies begin: law and economics.
specialist internships of between 8 and 20
weeks are completed in the main study Main study stage: Regulations differ
stage. greatly from one institution to the next,
with a broad range of optional and elec-
Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises and tive courses available for focusing on the
practical courses in mathematics, physics, branches of precision and microsystems

engineering, micro systems technology,

microelectromechanical systems (MEMS),
initially mentioned. Chemnitz TU Dresden TU Freiburg U
Ilmenau TU Magdeburg U
Studies at Universities of Applied signals and systems, signal processing,

Sciences measurement and control engineering,
introductions to modelling and simulation
Practical experience/internships: Depend- plus engineering optics (optometry). Core
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- study areas can be chosen in fields such
tions, a pre-study internship of several as microengineering, sensor engineering,
weeks is generally required with elements instrument and apparatus engineering or
of electronic, mechanical and precision medical engineering and technology. In
engineering. Practical phases of varying addition, general studies modules with
length are completed during the studies. cross-disciplinary content.
Studies: Modules on the mathematical-

scientific and engineering principles
in mathematics, physics, engineering Aalen HS Berlin FHTW Bremen HS
mechanics, electrical engineering, engi- Esslingen HS (Gppingen) Furtwangen HS
neering optics (optometry), materials Gelsenkirchen FH (Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-
engineering, technical drawing/CAD, Friedberg FH (Gieen, Wetzlar) Hamburg
HAW Hannover FH Jena FH
components, devices and circuit engineer-
Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrcken)
ing, technical programming, consolidation
Karlsruhe HS Mnchen HS
of the applied knowledge in subjects like Nrnberg HS Regensburg FH
computer science/information systems, Saarland HTW Westkste FHW (Heide)
electronics, microprocessor engineering,
2.17 Printing Technology and Media Technology
Study Field Outline screen, cylinder), the printing process and,

finally, the finishing. In the more advanced
The study of print technology and media semesters and depending on the study
technology covers the whole area of applied focus, studies concentrate either on proc-
communications engineering from text ess engineering or on business manage-
and image processing, print preparation ment fields. Media technology focuses on
(print copy/print forme production plate, the new electronic media.

Engineering 63
Printing Technology engineers need a particularly wide and

diverse focus. Natural and social sciences,
Programmes focus on reproduction and arts and humanities, technology and art,
composition technology, the production production and communication, computer
of print formes, printing and finishing science and electronics, plus knowledge in
processes, while packaging technology subjects like semiotics (theory of charac-
programmes deal with the production ters) and cybernetics (control and systems
and application of packaging materi- theory, communication and feedback). The
als of all kinds (paper, cardboard, film). study of media technology differs substan-
This takes health-related (food, drugs, tially from the more artistic and design
medicine packaging) and increasingly orientated programmes. Media technology
environmental aspects (recycling, use of largely involves the study of engineering.
renewable resources, such as maize/corn) For more information, see the media sec-
into consideration. Economics-orientated tion.
programmes have their focuses in print
industrial engineering, in publishing Media Information Systems
house management and production, and
in advertising technology and manage- Degree programmes in media information
ment. This often also calls for extensive systems (media computing) combine con-
knowledge of the necessary technical tent from the study of software-orientated
processes; on the other hand, the above- computer science with media-specific
mentioned engineering-focused pro- know-how. A media information systems
grammes also study the economic areas programme deals with the processing of
needed by industrial/operations engineers. media on computer systems, with digital
Some institutions offer printing orientated information processing and with the con-
specialisation options within the scope of ception, design, production and distribu-
general mechanical engineering or electri- tion of digital media. Examples include
cal engineering programmes. digital television and radio, the internet
and mobile phone technology (wireless
Media Technology, Digital Media communication). A knowledge of compu-
ter architectures and operating systems as
Degree programmes in media technology/ well as of subjects like mathematics and
digital media provide training on design- theoretical computer science, basic busi-
ing and producing audio-visual media. ness management, project management,
Besides the conventional field of TV engi- and English is essential.
neering and technology, this covers all
the new media that combine acoustic and
optical signals. Audiovision systems, slide
shows, film, video, multimedia and the
so-called new media (satellite and cable
TV, Teletext, internet, etc.). In contrast to
classical engineering professions, media

Studies at Universities and electrical engineering, communications

Universities of Applied Sciences engineering, measurement engineering/
metrology, computer science/information
Practical experience/internships: Depend- systems, audio/video engineering plus
ing on the school/vocational qualifications, production engineering and technology.
a pre-study internship of several weeks These are complemented by modules on
is generally required in the printing or media and society, fundamentals of jour-
media industry. Practical phases of varying nalism, communication research, busi-
length are completed during the studies. ness, media theory, project management.
Further modules often offered in con-
Printing and Media Technology junction with an applied project assign-
ment enable students to specialise in
Studies: Initial modules deliver the the fields of radio, television, print media,
mathematical, statistical, scientific, creative interactive media.
design and business management princi-
ples. These are complemented by modules Media Information Systems
on common and conventional printing
methods and media techniques, machine Studies: Modules on the scientific-
elements, production planning and man- technical principles of mathematics, and
agement, controlling, materials, plus the business management principles as well
necessary basics of computer science and as on classical and electronic media appli-
information systems. As studies progress, cations. Extension and consolidation of
students extend and consolidate their know- the basic knowledge through modules on
ledge of the technologies relating to the pre- topics like media theory, media design,
press stages, the printing process and print programming, software development and
processing as well as in the commercial and technology, distributed systems, computer
business field. The formation of core study networks, databases, computer architec-
areas in the fields of application is based on ture, computer graphics and animation,
specific industry segments or fields like the internet technology, business information
technology of the print process, pre-press systems, mobile communication, media
stage, digital media production or print development, technical-scientific docu-
technology, packaging. Further modules on mentation, AV media, IT project manage-
presentation techniques, rhetoric, industrial ment, quality management. These are
safety or foreign languages. complemented by media theory, media
law, technical English. Project work plays
Some universities divide the studies into a an extensive role. Optional and elective
basic and a main study stage. courses generally enable students to build
their own study profile.
Media Technology, Digital Media
Some universities divide the studies into a
Studies: Modules on the scientific-tech- basic and a main study stage.
nical principles of mathematics, physics,

Engineering 65

Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg) Anhalt HS (Kthen) Berlin TFH Berlin TU Brandenburg FH
Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfenbttel) Braunschweig HBK Bremen HS
Bremen U Bremerhaven H Chemnitz TU Cottbus TU Deggendorf FH Dresden HTW
Dresden TU Dsseldorf FH Esslingen HS Furtwangen HS Gelsenkirchen FH
(Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg) Hamburg HAW Harz HS (Wernigerode)
Hof FH Ilmenau TU Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrcken) Kln FH (Kln,
Gummersbach) Leipzig HTWK Lbeck FH Lbeck U Merseburg FH Mittweida HS
Mnchen HS Mnchen U Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH
(Emden) Osnabrck FH Siegen U Stuttgart HdM Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Ulm HS
Ulm U Wedel FH Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim, Wiesbaden) Wismar HS Wuppertal U
2.18 Production Engineering
Study Field Outline engineering. The main responsibilities of

a production engineer generally lie in col-
Production engineering deals with manag- laborating with specialists from the respec-
ing the technical, economic and organisa- tive areas, in developing new products and
tional problems that arise in the produc- processes, including planning new facto-
tion of practically all kinds of industrial ries, in machine tool and jig construction
products. Hence, the field of production engineering, and, very generally, in work/
engineering above all involves the further job preparation processing, in work place
automation of production processes and design, in the manufacturing process
the optimisation of production methods. itself and in product control. Mathematical
These touch upon, overlap and intersect optimisation processes, company-specific
with many fields, in particular, in manu- software solutions and standardised Enter-
facturing engineering and production prise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
engineering, process engineering, auto- are used.
mation engineering, computer science/
information systems, and with industrial
Studies at Universities and tions, a pre-study internship of several

Universities of Applied Sciences weeks is generally required, for example,
in manufacturing companies or engineer-
Practical experience/internship: Depend- ing offices. Practical phases of varying
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- length are completed during the studies.

Studies: Modules deliver the theoreti- management), further modules such as

cal principles in fields like mathematics, technical or management orientated sub-
physics, engineering mechanics, electrical jects, complemented by project manage-
engineering, thermodynamics, techni- ment and foreign languages.
cal design, CAD, computer science and
information systems, materials science,
manufacturing engineering and principles Programmes in this field
of business management, ergonomics, Aachen TH Berlin TFH Braunschweig TU
human factors and work science. Consoli- Bremen U Bremerhaven H
dation modules include factory planning, Chemnitz TU Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU
production planning and management, Dresden HTW Dresden TU Esslingen HS
production resources and logistics, design Frankfurt am Main FH Gieen-Friedberg FH
and placement of machine tools, metals (Wetzlar) Hamburg HAW Hamburg-
Harburg TU Hannover FH Hannover U
processing and CNC engineering, proc-
Heilbronn HHN Kaiserslautern TU
ess, project and human resources man-
Kln FH Kln RheinFH Konstanz HS
agement, forming technology, industrial Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Lneburg U
logistics, material flow technology, indus- Mnchen HS Mnchen TU (Garching)
trial robots, applied computer science/ Regensburg FH Rosenheim FH Trier FH
information systems, quality manage- (Birkenfeld) Ulm HS Westkste FHW
ment, environmental protection. Depend- (Heide) Wismar HS
ing on the chosen core study areas (e.g.
production engineering or production
2.19 Public Utilities Engineering,

Facility Engineering
Study Field Outline plants, heating systems, air-conditioning

and sanitary systems, as well as electrical
Engineers working in the fields of public installations; they provide protection sys-
engineering and facility engineering plan, tems and measures against harmful gases,
project, build and operate public utility vapours and dusts; they treat water and
and waste disposal plants and systems in ensure that sewage and effluents are effi-
the following areas. They equip residential ciently treated and safely disposed of; fur-
buildings, factories and workshops, indus- ther areas of responsibility include noise
trial buildings, hospitals, swimming pools, abatement, power and energy usage and
shopping centres, administrative build- consumption, distance heating networks,
ings, schools, and so on, or even whole heat recovery plants and reverse cycle ther-
human settlements, estates and commu- mal pumps, solar power heating systems;
nities, towns and cities with incineration industrial plants equipped with public

Engineering 67
utilities and disposal technology. Mechani- Studies are primarily provided by universi-
cal engineering, electrical engineering and ties of applied sciences. Technical univer-
environmental engineering are key areas sities and universities of technology may
for this subject. provide specialisations in public utilities
engineering during the advanced stage of a
Interdisciplinary degree programmes in mechanical engineering programme. Par-
facility management take a holistic approach ticular significance attaches to the field of
to the field, under consideration of technical, thermal engineering and fuel technology.
commercial and infrastructural aspects.
Studies at Universities and heating, fuel and gas engineering, power

Universities of Applied Sciences management; environmental engineering,
mains and pipeline engineering, immis-
Practical experience/internships: Depend- sion control, sewage and effluent treat-
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- ment engineering, waste management.
tions, students are generally required to Facility management, construction man-
complete a pre-study internship of several agement, project planning, property and
weeks. Practical phases of varying length estate management, contract and contract-
are completed during the studies. ing (contract award) law. Cross-discipli-
nary modules on business management,
Studies: Basic modules on the mathemat- technical English, legal principles, applied
ical-scientific (mathematics, chemistry, information systems, rhetoric, etc.
physics) and engineering principles (engi-
neering mechanics, electrical engineer- Studies may be divided into a basic and a
ing, materials engineering and structural main study stage.
engineering, measurement engineering/
metrology, instrumentation and control
engineering, thermodynamics, energy and Programmes in this field
environmental engineering). Augsburg FH Berlin FHTW Berlin TFH
Berlin TU Biberach HS Bingen FH
Depending on degree programme, spe- Bochum TFH Brandenburg FH Braun-
cialisation in areas like facility engineering schweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfenbttel)
and technology, heating and air-condition- Bremerhaven H Coburg HS Erfurt FH
ing, gas, water and sanitary engineering, Esslingen HS Gelsenkirchen FH
electrical fitting, energy efficient con- (Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH
sumption, climate appropriate building, (Gieen) Kln FH Lausitz FH (Cottbus)
Mnchen HS Mnster FH (Mnster,
fire safety measures, integrated planning.
Steinfurt) Mnster U Nrnberg HS
Public and industrial utility engineering,
Offenburg HS Trier FH Wuppertal U
energy and refrigeration engineering, gas,
Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS
water and electricity utilities, distance

2.20 Regional and Area Planning
Study Field Outline urban development. The consequences of

economic structural change for the region-
Regional and area planning is an inter- al labour markets and industrys locational
disciplinary work area that deals with demands are topics of discussion as are
regional and area developments of the the consequences of environmental pollu-
living, working and environmental condition and environmental risks.
tions. The various area and regional levels
extend from domestic residential envi- Regional and area planning is a horizontal
ronments and estates via urban districts, cross-sectional responsibility. Planners
whole towns or cities, to regional, state take a cross-disciplinary approach and
and national level through to the European work within interdisciplinary contexts. The
and international levels. study of regional and area planning focus-
es centrally on people and their needs and
Regional and area planning aims to and activities through which space is used
is responsible for analysing the various and deployed. Hence, the starting point
requirements, conflicts and opportuni- is provided by area or regionally effective
ties in the region and, based on this, for existence functions, like living, working,
developing concepts, potential solutions sustaining oneself and relaxing, etc. Since
and strategies, and then for monitoring the use of and demands on space and area
their implementation. Present or future often overlap and conflict with each other,
problem areas are treated with a predictive regional planning is also responsible
and forward-looking approach. This might for balancing these claims in the public
involve the impact of democratic change interest and for finding environmentally,
on the housing market or infrastructure socially and economically-compatible and
demand, or aspects of migration and viable solutions.
Studies at Universities and lom) in regional planning (degrees include

Universities of Applied Sciences regional planning, regional and envi-
ronmental planning, urban and regional
Practical experience/internship: No stand- planning, urban planning). In this respect,
ard regulations apply. In most cases, stu- Masters programmes generally offer
dents are required to complete internships topic-related extension and consolida-
of varying length. tion studies within the broader field of
regional planning. Graduates of regional
Studies: Studies in regional and area plan- and planning related Diplom or Bach-
ning can be completed as a full degree elors programmes, such as architecture/
programme (Bachelors/Masters or Dip- urban development, civil engineering,

Engineering 69
geography, landscape planning, sociology,

surveying, administrative sciences, or traf-
fic and transport management can also Berlin TU Bremen U Cottbus TU
subsequently take a Masters programme Dortmund TU Eberswalde FH
with a major in the field of regional plan- Hannover U Hildesheim/Holzminden/
ning. Graduate Masters programmes Gttingen HAWK (Gttingen)
Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U
are offered by universities with full pro-
Leipzig U Potsdam U Stuttgart U
grammes. Some universities only cover
Trier U Vechta H Wiesbaden FH
the individual disciplines.
2.21 Ship Engineering, Nautical and Marine

Engineering/Technology
Study Field Outline and complex calculations; optimal techni-

cal and economic solutions have to be
Nautical engineering deals with the project found. Special areas involve the building
planning, design, structural design and of fisheries vessels and so-called off-shore
building of ships, ship elements and fit- engineering (drilling platforms/oil rigs,
tings. Two study branches have evolved: deep-sea research equipment). Maritime
Shipbuilding and nautical mechanical technologies programmes deal with using
engineering. The interaction between the resource sea as a source of energy, raw
numerous individual systems means that materials and food. In the field of metrol-
nautical engineering represents a very wide ogy and plant engineering, it deals with the
and varied field of knowledge. Whether building of platforms and offshore plants,
submarine, tanker, container ship or luxu- taking measurements and developing and
ry cruise liner, each ship requires detailed designing offshore wind farms.
Studies at Universities and in a cooperative programme and so are

Universities of Applied Sciences required to complete one year of relevant
practical training before they commence
Practical experience/internship: Depend- their studies. Practical phases of varying
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- length are completed during the studies.
tions, students are required to complete
between 12 and 13 weeks of pre-study Studies: In the initial semesters of the
internships, for example in a shipyard or Bachelors programme, studies focus on
dockyard. Students of shipbuilding and teaching the mathematic-scientific and
nautical mechanical engineering study engineering principles. Modules include

mathematics, physics, computer science/ in areas like ship design, hydrodynamics

information systems, structural calcula- and yacht design, structural design as well
tion and strength of materials, thermo- as ship firmness and rigidity. Ship equip-
dynamics, materials science and welding ment is possible in some cases. Comple-
engineering, structural design theory, mentary cross-disciplinary training in the
CAD, hydromechanics, ship/maritime ele- fields of business administration, foreign
ments, buoyancy and stability. These are languages, project management, quality
followed by engineering application mod- assurance, law. Course elements involving
ules, like shipbuilding, ship equipment, practical work experience completed in the
design and structural design of ships for form of industrial or corporate projects.
special cargos, yacht design, submarine
vehicles, ship mechanical engineering, Programmes in this field
ship electronics, metrology in shipbuild-
Berlin TU Bremen HS Bremerhaven H
ing, manufacturing and shipyard/dock-
Hamburg-Harburg TU Kiel FH
yard operations. Students can specialise
2.22 Surveying/Geodesy, Cartography
Study Field Outline ments. Automated devices, modern satel-

lite technology and digital remote sensing
Surveying (geodesy) deals with determin- methods are being introduced. Automated
ing the figure of the Earth, whereby the integrating, analysing, interpreting and
perspective extends to Earth as a whole visual processing methods have become
or to parts of it. Responsibilities range ever more important given the volume
from determining the Earths shape and of space-related data. Hence, the degree
gravity field, satellite geodesy, to creating programme studied at many universities
and maintaining an array of height bench- is now called Geodesy and Earth Informa-
marks via topographical ground surveys. tion Systems.
They also include cadastral surveys (land
registry surveying), rearranging rural Engineering surveying is also important
regions and urban development as well as for the field of civil engineering.
monitoring the deformation behaviour of
buildings and structures. An understand- Cartography is responsible for producing
ing of global dynamic processes and of a maps, the planated and scaled-down sym-
comprehensive environmental monitoring bolic representation of parts of the Earths
system provides geodesy with important surface and of processes taking place in
data. The turnabout from classical survey- them. The diversity of these responsi-
ing to modern Earth observation is also bilities calls for links with many areas of
shown by the measuring tools and instru- science, such as mathematics, computer

Engineering 71
science, astronomy, geophysics, meteorol- business and industry, politics and admin-
ogy, geology, geography, civil engineering, istration in which the spatial relevance of
architecture and other auxiliary sciences. information plays an important part. The
acquired knowledge and insight led to the
Geoinformation systems is a new interdis- field of GeoInformation Systems (GIS)
ciplinary field that acts as a bridge between and so facilitated the optimal exploitation
computer science/information systems, of space and place-related data, such as
on the one hand, and the geosciences/ used in environmental protection, in traf-
Earth sciences, on the other. It deals fic and transport management through to
with the development and application of state-of-the-art wireless (mobile) network
methods for the computational solution of engineering and navigation satellites, and
specialist problems in fields of research, in building and construction.
Studies at Universities administration and economics. Depend-

ing on the university in question, various
Practical experience/internships: In- opportunities for specialisation and core
sessional, study-integrated internships of study are offered.
several weeks, such as in surveying and
land registry authorities, surveying offices; Studies may be divided into a basic and a
in some cases, it is recommended to com- main study stage.
plete these internships before the studies
begin. Programmes in this field
Studies: Modules on the scientific and Berlin TU Bonn U Darmstadt TU

mathematical principles of the subject as Dresden TU Hamburg HCU
well as on topics like engineering math- Hannover U Jena U Karlsruhe U
Mnchen TU Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg)
ematics, experimental physics, geo(Earth)
Mnster U Osnabrck U Stuttgart U
sciences, geodata programming, statis-
tics and geodetic computation, geodetic
metrology, the Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS), engineering geodesy and
geodetic control points, geoinformation
and cartography, regional planning, land
and real estate management, photogram-
metry and remote sensing, curve fitting,
astronomical, physical and mathematical
geodesy, positioning and navigation, engi-
neering geodesy and geodetic evaluation
methods, image processing, computer
graphics/visualisation, law, business

Studies at Universities of Applied Geoinformatics

Sciences
Studies: Mathematical, scientific and
Practical experience/internships: Depend- subject-specific base modules: Engineer-
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- ing mathematics, introduction to geoin-
tions, students are generally required to formation systems, applied physics, geo-
complete a pre-study internship of several metrical-graphic principles/CAD systems,
weeks. Practical phases of varying length operating systems, software engineering,
are completed during the studies. programming, database systems, geodetic
computation, land management, curve fit-
Surveying/Geodesy ting, sensor engineering and special evalu-
ation methods. Subject specific extended
Studies: Modules on the mathematical and and consolidation computing in fields
physical principles as well as on subject like GIS technologies, digital cartography,
areas like surveying specific data process- remote sensing, official geoinformation
ing and CAD, geodetic computational systems, telematics, key qualifications in
methods, instrument science, surveying law, foreign languages, business manage-
science, land registry cadastre and law, ment, presentation techniques.
land surveying and curve fitting, geoinfor-
mation systems, image processing, remote The degree programme is also offered at
sensing, traffic routes and civil engineer- some universities.
ing, cartography, planning science, spe-
cialisation on optional subjects. Comple-
mentary general studies modules. Programmes in this field
Anhalt HS (Dessau) Berlin TFH
Map technology/cartography Bochum HS Bochum TFH
Dresden HTW Frankfurt am Main FH
Studies: Base modules in mathematics, Karlsruhe HS Mainz FH Mnchen HS
projective geometry, geography, statistics. Neubrandenburg HS Oldenburg /
Subject specific modules such as princi- Ostfriesland/Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg)
Stuttgart HFT Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH
ples of cartography, geomedia engineer-
(Wrzburg)
ing, presentation techniques, map editing,
thematic and topographical cartography,
data processing/geoinformation systems,
geodatabases, interactive and multimedia
cartography, geodata management, remote
sensing, graticule science, surveying
science, photogrammetry, multimedia
cartography, internet cartography. Com-
plementary modules on business manage-
ment and law.

Engineering 73
2.23 Textile Engineering, Clothing Technology
Study Field Outline ment of new working methods as well as

product design are the essential respon-
Textile engineering deals with the treat- sibilities of clothing engineers. Besides
ment of natural fibres and the creation questions of quality, factors such as col-
of chemical fibres, their processing as our, shape and patterning of textiles play
threads, yarns and fabrics, including col- an important role, meaning that clothing
ouring, refinement and finishing (cloth- technology intersects and overlaps with
ing), and is also concerned with textile the fields of design and textile chemistry,
machines. with material technology and plastics engi-
neering.
Clothing technology is responsible for
the further processing of textile fabrics to Textile and clothing technology are mainly
produce home/domestic textiles, day and taught at universities of applied sciences.
nightwear, clothing, and technical textiles. In some cases, universities also offer core
The organisation of industrial clothing study areas within mechanical engineer-
manufacturing technology, the developing programmes.
Studies at Universities and ishing, basic business management skills.

Universities of Applied Sciences Later, students extend and consolidate
their knowledge in applied areas through
Practical experience/internships: modules on automation engineering,
Depending on the school/vocational production control, CAD, safety and plant
qualifications, some students complete a engineering, fibre, woven, and knitting
pre-study internship of several weeks in technology, composite materials, technical
an industrial company from the field of textiles, textile testing, chemical analysis,
textile manufacturing. Practical phases of polymer chemistry, dying, textile printing,
varying length are completed during the environmental analysis and management.
studies. In addition, students acquire general and
subject specific qualifications in fields like
Studies: Initially, students acquire the quality management, rhetoric, presenta-
mathematical, scientific, engineering, and tion skills, project management, human
subject-specific principles. These include resources management, product and proc-
modules like mathematics and technical ess development, as well as extension and
drawing, physics, (textile) chemistry, sta- consolidation in business management
tistics, information technology, materials competence in the fields of organisation
and machines, textile raw materials, basics and marketing. In some cases, core study
of thread and fabric manufacture and fin- areas and specialisations can be chosen in

fields like textile management, clothing

management, textile technologies or prod-
uct development. Aachen TH Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS
(Albstadt) Berlin FHTW Dresden TU
Studies may be divided into a basic and a Hamburg HAW Hof FH (Mnchberg)
main study stage. Kaiserslautern FH (Pirmasens) Niederrhein
HS (Mnchengladbach) Reutlingen HS
Zwickau HS (Reichenbach)

3 Languages, Humanities,
Cultural Studies, Art and Design

3.1 Art History
Study Field Outline tory also includes fields such as art theory,
the theory of art techniques and the study
Essentially, art history is the science of of sources, including examination of the
the historical development of fine art life and history of artists when interpret-
from antiquity to the present-day. It ing the works. Focuses in art history differ
encompasses works from the field of from one higher education institution
architecture, sculpture, painting, graphic to the next, meaning that, depending on
art, ornamental art, and arts and crafts, personal interest and previous training,
including technical visual media produced extensive inquiries into the main areas
in Europe or under European influence. covered by an institution are essential
By contrast, works of fine art produced when choosing the right place to study.
in earlier periods are often the object of The most important occupational fields lie
their own disciplines, such as the art of in research, museums, for example in art
non-European primitive or tribal cul- education, working as mediators between
tures, classical or Christian archaeology, art and the general public, in the preserva-
prehistory and early history, and Oriental tion of monuments and historical build-
and East Asian art history. In contrast to ings (e.g. listed buildings), in art societies,
the practice of art, art history concerns in publishing, in the art trade, or in the
itself with the depicted content of works media industry and adult education.
of art and classifies these in terms of place
and time, especially the interpretation
of works of art on the basis of historical,
aesthetic, stylistic, sociological, economic
and psychological considerations. Art his-
Studies at Universities guages (English, French; later also a basic

knowledge of Italian, Spanish and Dutch)
Practical experience/internships: Work in for understanding international special-
an historical monuments office or a muse- ist literature, plus a knowledge of art
um recommended in the pre-sessional techniques. In some cases, a knowledge
period (vacation/recess). of Latin is also required. Besides lectures
and exercises on the various art periods,
Studies: Degree programmes differ in students also go on excursions, including
terms of structure and content, generally travel abroad.
requiring a knowledge of modern lan-

Languages, Humanities, Cultural Studies, Art and Design 77

Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bochum U Bonn U
Braunschweig HBK Bremen U Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen)
Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt
am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK
(Hildesheim) Jena U Karlsruhe HfGest Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-
Landau U Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen U
Mnster KuAk Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Regensburg U Saarbrcken U
Siegen U Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Wrzburg U
3.2 Cultural Studies
Study Field Outline cover branches of the arts and humani-

ties (including art and music), economics,
Study opportunities cover the broad range business administration and social sci-
of branches offered by cultural studies ences, as well as (foreign) languages, com-
with a multidisciplinary approach. Studies munication, creative writing and cultural/
focus on an academic-theoretical treat- arts journalism, and law. Whether and, if
ment and examination of culture in so, to what extent these components are
the broadest sense of the term, without taught and which core study areas and
losing sight of somewhat more sober specialisations can be set during the stud-
aspects, such as culture/arts financing, ies will differ from one institution to the
controlling, marketing, management and next, since cultural studies currently lack
logistics or the applications-orientated a uniform scientific research platform in
focus on possible professional or career Germany.
fields. Increasingly, degree programmes
are being offered that also address aspects In some cases, an aptitude test must be
of European culture and cultural history. taken for admission to a course (Exclusion
In some cases, these are international pro- deadlines apply for registration and must
grammes. be observed!).
The course contents brought together

under the heading of cultural studies

Studies at Universities and Colleges Bachelors programmes have largely abol-

of Music ished the formal division into a basic and
main study stage.
Practical experience/internships: Up to
3 internships lasting from 6 weeks to
3 months must completed during the Programmes in this field
studies.
Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U
Bayreuth U Berlin HU Berlin TU
Basic study stage: All cultural studies Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U
programmes offer lectures and courses Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U
on the theory and history of culture. Chemnitz TU Cottbus TU Dortmund TU
Depending on the institution in question, Duisburg-Essen U Dsseldorf U
students will also acquire a basic knowl- Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erlangen-
edge of a wide range of elective specialist Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U
disciplines. The range of teaching covers Frankfurt (Oder) U Freiburg U
Friedrichshafen ZU Gieen U
the study and examination of questions
Gttingen U Hagen FernU Halle-
of academic methodology and interdisci-
Wittenberg U Hildesheim U Jena U
plinarity, economics and law-based study
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Leipzig U
elements, as well as artistic and aesthetic Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mannheim U
aspects (in some cases including cultural Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U
and practical artistic or technical ele- Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U
ments as well) right through to introduc- Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U
tory courses on computing and language Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U
courses. Trier U Tbingen U Weimar HfM
Witten/Herdecke U (Witten) Wrzburg U
Main study stage: Continuation and con-
solidation of the topic areas from the basic
study stage plus opportunities for setting
core study areas and specialisations.
Studies at Universities of Applied Studies: Modules on subject areas like

Sciences cultural and social change, art and art
history, culture and project work, culture/
Practical experience/internships: Pre- arts management and administration,
study internship (3 to 6 months) in a cul- arts/cultural marketing, (international)
tural or educational facility or institution cultural policy, media theory and prac-
(with the exception of Grlitz); practical tice, aesthetics, cultural education, com-
and project phases completed during the munication and presentation, cultural
studies. and commercial law, empirical social
research/statistics, business principles

(accounting, business mathematics, busi-

ness information systems). Workshops
and projects, plus foreign languages, Dsseldorf FH Merseburg FH
rhetoric. Niederrhein HS (Mnchengladbach)
Potsdam FH Zittau/Grlitz HS (Grlitz)
3.3 Design
Study Field Outline This includes both the production of lay-

outs for advertising, catalogues, customer
Essentially, design covers two degree information products, instructions, manu-
programmes: industrial design (prod- als and print-media products, as well as
uct design) and communication design the conception, design and production of
(visual communication). Industrial design (audio-visual) media, such as commer-
includes areas like the design of consumer cials/advertising films, educational and
goods (e.g. clothing, fashion, jewellery, instructional films, multivision products,
household goods, furniture, packaging, teletext pages for advertising, PR, educa-
aesthetic and consumables, handicrafts), tional work, TV, etc. and, of course, the
capital goods (e.g. machines, plants and creative designs and conceptions for the
installations, tools, medical equipment, optical structure of CD-ROMS, Internet
working aids, work places, office com- and Intranet pages, electronic kiosk sys-
munication) and vehicles (passenger cars tems (information systems), learning
and commercial vehicles, rail vehicles, systems, with design applying both to
ships and boats, aircraft, and other means the screen as well as to the user interfaces.
of transport). The design of a product is Numerous other training areas and fields
determined by technical-functional, mar- are available.
ket-economic and aesthetic factors. Com-
munication design covers creative tasks
in the field of communication media, for
example, newspapers, magazines, jour-
nals, brochures, pamphlets, packaging and
displays, and multimedia.

Studies at Universities, Colleges of example, industrial design programmes

Art and Universities of Applied Sci- (product design) can be expected to offer
ences subjects/course modules as follows: Prin-
ciples of design, two- and three-dimen-
Practical experience and special admis- sional design, colour and volume (body),
sions requirements: To qualify for admis- representational/visualisation techniques,
sion, applicants must pass an artistic-crea- modelling and technical design, materials
tive aptitude test. Generally, this includes technology, engineering physics, psychol-
the presentation of a portfolio with ogy, sociology, cultural history. Communi-
examples of the students own work plus cation design programmes (visual commu-
an artistic test. Besides this, some institu- nication) offer colour design, printing and
tions may require applicants to complete reproduction techniques, figure drawing,
internships or periods of relevant practical theory of design/composition, typography,
training of various length before they can theory of information, theory of percep-
be admitted. Applicants who can present tion, psychology and sociology. Core study
proof of special artistic talent and adequate areas and specialisations include graphic
general schooling may, under certain cir- design, photo design, electronic media,
cumstances, be exempted from having to illustration, display (product design and
meet further admissions requirements. packaging) and surface design.
Studies: Curricula differ substantially

from one institution to the next. For

Aachen FH Anhalt HS (Dessau) Augsburg FH Berlin BTK Berlin Design Akademie
Berlin FHTW Berlin MDH (Berlin, Dsseldorf, Mnchen) Berlin UdK Berlin-Weiensee KHB
Bielefeld FH Bielefeld FHM Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Salzgitter)
Braunschweig HBK Bremen HfK Coburg HS Darmstadt HS Dortmund FH
Dresden HfBK Dresden HTW Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Dsseldorf FH
Dsseldorf KuAk Frankfurt am Main FH Frankfurt am Main HfBK Halle HfKuD
Hamburg AMD Hamburg HAW Hamburg HfBK Hannover FH Hannover U Hildesheim/
Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Hof FH (Hof, Mnchberg) Kaiserslautern FH
Karlsruhe HfGest Kassel U Kiel KH Kln FH Kln RheinFH Konstanz HS Leipzig HGB
Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mainz FH Mannheim HS Mnchen AkdBK
Mnchen HS Mnster FH Niederrhein HS (Krefeld, Mnchengladbach) Nrnberg AkdBK
Nrnberg HS Offenbach HfG Pforzheim HS Potsdam FH Reutlingen HS Saar HBK
(Saarbrcken) Schwbisch Gmnd HfGestaltung Schwbisch Hall FH Stuttgart AkdBK
Stuttgart HdM Stuttgart MerzAk Sdwestfalen FH (Soest) Trier FH (Idar-Oberstein, Trier)
Vechta H Weimar U Wiesbaden FH Wismar HS Wuppertal U Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH
(Wrzburg) Zwickau HS (Markneukirchen, Schneeberg)

3.4 Drama and Theatre Studies
Study Field Outline Stage design, scenography, theatre equip-

ment and props, stage costumes, and other
The field of drama and theatre studies cov- degree programmes deliver factors essential
ers all manifestations of the theatre from to the best possible visual realisation of the-
antiquity to the present-day, i.e. dramatic atre, film or TV material on stage and off,
art, music, dramaturgy (art of dramatic theatre, film and TV decoration and sets and
composition), stage technology, theatre/ costumes from all periods, regions of the
set design, audience behaviour studies, world or fantasy worlds. Training is comple-
theatre critique, radio/TV transmission mented by science and engineering courses,
and broadcasting, recording for distribu- such as structural calculation/engineering,
tion on various image, video and sound specialist drawing, etc. Studies in the field
media, through to street theatre. Film, TV, of costume design call for creative skills and
video and internet productions are playing powers of imagination. It is advantageous
an increasingly important part in the field for students to hold a vocational qualifica-
of theatre studies. Important auxiliary tion as a tailor. Degree programmes in
subjects include art history, media studies, directing deal with the scenic interpretation
musicology, history, German studies, soci- of speech/music, theatre, film, TV and radio
ology and education. material. Extensive organisational responsi-
bilities also fall on the director, such as the
Drama and theatre studies programmes development of production concepts, direc-
aim to qualify graduates for senior and tion of rehearsals and work/coaching with
management positions in theatre, film and actors. The director works together with all
TV, as well as in cultural life in general: involved in a production, from stage and
however, since the number of positions is lighting technicians, administrative staff via
very small, students are urgently advised set and costume designers and make-up art-
to take a second major subject. ists to playwrights and performers, assistant
directors.
Studies at Universities, Colleges to organise their studies and there are no

of Music/Art and other Higher uniform study regulations. It is important
Education Institutions for students to have a thorough knowledge
of literary history and comparative literary
Studies: Some institutions have developed studies. Theatre studies students should
their own degree-programme specific also have a good knowledge of foreign lan-
selection procedures to test students guages. They additionally attend lectures
study related aptitude for admission to and seminar courses on special theatre
the programmes. Students are largely free studies subjects.


Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin UdK Berlin-Weiensee KHB Bochum U Dresden HfBK
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main HfMDK Frankfurt am Main U Gieen U
Hamburg HfBK Hamburg HfMT Hildesheim U Karlsruhe HfGest Leipzig HfMT
Leipzig U Ludwigsburg ADK Mainz U Mnchen AkdBK Mnchen HfMT Mnchen U
Osnabrck FH (Lingen/Ems) Potsdam-Babelsberg HFF Stuttgart AkdBK
3.5 German Studies
Study Field Outline includes study of the meaning and effect

of literary works, leads to general insights
German language and literature are the into literature as such and illuminates
main elements of German studies from a concrete historical backgrounds. Poetics
linguistics and a literary and cultural stud- examines individual literary works on the
ies perspective. German studies not only basis of specifically-given individual works
covers sources and examples of modern of poetry, in search of general and liter-
language (since 1500, Modern German ary insights and knowledge, inquires into
Studies), but also earlier forms (Gothic, the functions of literature, discusses and
Old High German, Middle High German, observes literary theories. Topics from the
Old German Studies) and so-called field of literary history cover the historical
minor Germanic languages (e.g. Dutch, development and contexts of literature in
Danish, Norwegian, Swedish). The latter respect of national literatures and interna-
area also has its own special studies in tional, global literature, examining individ-
degree programmes like Nordic studies ual periods (e.g. realism, classical period)
and Scandinavian studies. An emphasis or genres (e.g. epic poetry). Besides a
on linguistic elements leads to systematic chronological presentation of factual
study of the phonetics, morphology, syntax information, literary history also generally
and semantics of a language. seeks to evaluate the subject matter of the
writing, and then arranges this within a
The term literary studies encompasses the greater ideological and theoretical frame
various branches involving the academic of reference.
treatment of literary texts. The field of gen-
eral literary studies sees itself as an aes- Medieval studies specifically examines
thetic discipline. It is concerned with theo- German language and literature from its
ries on the interpretation, identification beginnings in the 8th century through to
and cataloguing of general structures of the end of the Middle Ages. Comparative
literature, including thematic and formal literary studies have a pronounced interna-
categories of all literatures. Interpretation tional character and involve examination

of the literatures of various countries or In Magister degree courses, students

cultural regions on the basis of generic choose a branch of German studies as a
aspects. Divergent views on historical, major plus, in most cases, two minors.
philosophical, aesthetic, sociological and Students of Bachelors programmes not
literary theory have made discussion in only have to study a core German studies
this field increasingly controversial. subject, but also, in most cases, a comple-
mentary academic subject or a minor from
German studies programmes aim to pro- the field of cultural and social sciences.
vide a thorough knowledge of the develop-
ment of the German language and the key
trends in German literature.
Studies at Universities Programmes in this field

Basic study stage: The course is made
Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU
up of lectures, exercises and seminars on Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U
the content and methods of the relevant Braunschweig TU Bremen U
branches of German studies; constant Chemnitz TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU
reading is required. Successful participa- Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen)
tion in a certain number of introductory Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
seminars is a requirement for later admis- (Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U
sion to the advanced seminars and gradu- (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am
ate classes. Main U Freiburg U Gieen U
Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-
Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover U
Main study stage: Core study areas and
Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U
specialisations can be set in the field of Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-
language/linguistics and literature. Both Landau U Kln U Konstanz U
branches can be chosen as independent Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U
degree programmes at some universities. Mainz U Mannheim U Marburg U
Depending on the programme in ques- Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U
tion, branches of German studies have to Osnabrck U Paderborn U Passau U
be studied with various degrees of inten- Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U
sity. Saarbrcken U Stuttgart U Trier U
Tbingen U Vechta H Wuppertal U
Wrzburg U

3.6 History
Study Field Outline social history as well as the history of engi-

neering and technology. The study of indi-
History researches the development of vidual regions and areas led to subjects
humans as social, active beings; it attempts like regional, national, urban/municipal
to reconstruct and interpret past events on and population/demographic history
the basis of reliable historical sources. developing.
Based on handed-down sources, history is In addition, other independent subjects

divided into individual branches. Ancient evolved, such as ethnology, which deals
history is closely related to classical phi- with the cultural and social structure
lology, oriental studies and archaeology. of the so-called primitive cultures and
Medieval history is primarily dependent civilisations. Ancient American stud-
on the study of manuscripts. Important ies represent a sub-branch of ethnology,
related and complementary subjects in whose topics cover the highly-developed
this field include art and church history, pre-Columbian Indian cultures of America
medieval Latin philology plus a range of and their successors. The fields of pre
historical auxiliary subjects (see below). and early history examine artefacts found
Modern history begins with the study of in or on the ground/territory of those
printed sources from the early 16th cen- civilisations for which we have no written
tury. As from 1789, we speak of recent sources. Studies above all have to use the
history and as of 1917 of contemporary methods and procedures of archaeology
history, which for its part is closely related (the study of human antiquities), which is
to political science. concerned with the material legacy of the
ancient oriental, Greco-Roman, biblical
These traditional divisions into ancient and early Christian cultures. Folklore stud-
history, medieval history, modern history ies (European ethnology) restricts itself to
have evolved into individual disciplines the study and interpretation of folk cul-
such as Egyptology or Byzantine studies, ture, above all in German and European
(history and culture of the Eastern Roman regions.
Empire), or have been allocated to other
fields (church and religious history, liter- Auxiliary historical sciences include pal-
ary and art history, history of medicine, aeography (study of writing), diplomatics
history of the natural sciences, history of (study of the authenticity of documents
law and constitution). Hence, for example, and manuscripts), chronology (study of
the history of China or Japan became a time measurement), genealogy (study of
part of independent subjects (Sinology/ family pedigrees), sphragistics (study of
Chinese studies, Japanese studies/Japa- seals and signets), numismatics (study of
nology). In response to industrialisation, coins), heraldry (study of coats-of-arms),
areas developed such as economic and plus sociology, economics and statistics.

Not every university offers all these disci- To be able to study history successfully,
plines or branches, which is why curricula students must have a basic knowledge
vary quite substantially. Normally, the core of the historical periods and an adequate
subjects of ancient history, mediaeval his- insight into the facts and circumstances of
tory and modern history are offered eve- other important events. Foreign language
rywhere. Political, cultural, sociological, skills in Latin, French and English are
psychological and economic contexts of expected. Latin is needed for the recep-
history are also taken into consideration. tion of ancient and medieval texts, while
The diversity of historical approaches and French and English are required as the
the locational bias inherent in historical international languages of archives and
sources calls for historians to be good at science.
analysing a variety questions and interpre-
tations from various perspectives.
Studies at Universities Programmes in this field

Basic study stage: Acquisition of a gen-
eral overview of the various historical
Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U
fields and historical methodology of sci-
Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen
entific research work, courses to catch up Jacobs University Bremen U
with the required foreign language skills, Chemnitz TU Darmstadt TU Dresden TU
lectures and special basic courses, intro- Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Dsseldorf U
ductory seminar courses, exercises and (at Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt)
some institutions) fact courses. Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen)
Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U
Main study stage: Independent scientific Frankfurt (Oder) U Freiberg TUBergAk
work (research) and specialisation (core Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U
study areas), special lectures and special
Hamburg U Hamburg UBw Hannover U
foundation courses, advanced seminars
Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U
and graduate classes, plus excursions and
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U
field trips. Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Konstanz U
Leipzig U Magdeburg U Mainz U
Mannheim U Marburg U Mnchen U
Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U
Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U
Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U
Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U
Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U

3.7 Interior Design
Study Field Outline The 3-year Bachelors programme creates

a basis for the subsequent 2-year postgrad-
In terms of substance and methods, inte- uate Masters programmes. Together with
rior design lies somewhere between archi- a generally 2-year phase of professional
tecture, facility engineering and design. practical training this qualifies graduates
Interior design is responsible for the crea- for entry into the Register of Architects
tive, architectural, technical, economic, and entitles them to use the professional
ecological and social planning/design title of Interior Designer. The study of
of interior spaces and for the associated interior design is additionally offered in
structural changes to buildings. This typi- the form of 8-semester Bachelors pro-
cally includes activities to determine the grammes. Together with the professional
heating requirements, to solve insulation practical training, a degree from such
problems, to decide on suitable facility programmes also qualifies graduates in
and domestic installations and lighting accordance with the EU architects direc-
options. Furniture design may also be tive.
a responsibility of interior designers.
Neighbouring disciplines include urban
planning, urban development and modern
infrastructure planning.
Studies at Art Colleges and Universi- building physics, principles of furniture

ties of Applied Sciences development and of ergonomics, lighting
design, history or art and architecture,
Practical experience/internships: Depend- theory of architecture, homes and health,
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- building law and project management,
tions, a pre-study internship of several including complementary modules on
weeks is generally required. Practical foreign languages and presentation tech-
phases of varying length are completed niques. Students can individually set their
during the studies. own core study areas and specialisations
through project assignments and optional
Studies: Modules deliver the creative modules.
design and technical principles of interior
design and furniture making. Topics like Studies may be divided into a basic and a
projective geometry, theory of space, prin- main study stage at some institutions.
ciples of design and conception, interior
structural design and materials, build-
ing technology, facility engineering and


Coburg HS Darmstadt HS Dsseldorf FH Halle HfKuD Hamburg AMD Hannover FH
Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Kaiserslautern FH Kiel KH Lippe und
Hxter FH (Detmold) Mainz FH Mnchen AkdBK Rosenheim FH Stuttgart HFT Trier FH
(Trier) Wiesbaden FH Wismar HS
3.8 Jewish Studies, Judaic Studies
Study Field Outline examination and discussion of the Jewish

religious and cultural history of all times.
Degree programmes in Jewish studies/
Judaic studies teach and research the more The subjects Jewish studies/Judaic studies
than 3000-year history of religion and cul- tie up with the tradition of the science of
ture of the Jewish people in the Orient and Judaism which developed as an independ-
the Occident. Jewish religious and cultural ent discipline in the 19th century. All
history is not to be understood as a passive degree programmes are open to applicants
object of external influences, but rather of all religious denominations. However,
as an active part of the general culture. the associated training programmes for
A knowledge of the languages, of which rabbis, cantors and religious educators are
Hebrew stands out, forms the basis for the an exception to this.
Studies at Universities and other tary subjects like Jewish art. Bachelors
Higher Education Institutions programmes differ in structure from one
institution to the next. Detailed informa-
Studies: Language training (with exams in tion can be found on the websites of the
Hebrew (Hebraicum), optionally in Ara- established institutes in Germany.
maic (Aramaicum), Yiddish (Yiddicum)
and in Jewish Spanish (Judenspanisch)),
courses on the Bible and Jewish interpre- Programmes in this field
tation of the Bible; rabbinical literature, Berlin FU Dsseldorf U Frankfurt am
halacha and liturgy; Jewish philosophy Main U Freiburg U Halle-Wittenberg U
and intellectual history: Hebrew linguis- Heidelberg HJS Kln U Mnchen U
tics and literature; history of the Jewish Potsdam U Tbingen U
people; German-Jewish literature and
culture, Yiddish language and literature.
In addition, the college offers complemen-

3.9 Library Administration, Archive

Administration, Documentation
Study Field Outline Documentation
Library administration Documentation is understood as the proc-

ess of procuring and cataloguing, organis-
The study of library administration deals ing and storing documents on specific
with academic and scientific libraries topics (hand or machine written, printed
(primarily university libraries, national or drawn or embossed, stored on tape or
and regional state libraries, special librar- other electromagnetic storage media) as
ies in business and industry, research well as procedures for providing informa-
and administration) plus public libraries tion from or on the prepared documents,
(above all local libraries). Librarians work- including use of relevant equipment.
ing in higher civil service administrative Documentation officers (Diplom-Doku-
positions must hold a university degree. mentar/in) are trained at universities of
Their work involves executive manage- applied sciences.
ment and supervision as well responsibil-
ity for library stock development and for Archive administration
its scientific cataloguing.
Archives collect certain written, image,
Holders of a Diplom degree in library sound and film documents, maps, plans
administration (Diplom-Bibliothekar/in) and other information media that are no
are sought for executive civil service longer required in the everyday opera-
positions in academic, scientific and tions of public and church authorities,
public libraries. Training for these businesses and companies, radio and TV
positions is primarily provided by the stations or individuals, but which must
university of applied sciences sector. In be preserved for legal or historical rea-
some federal states (Lnder), applicants sons. This archive information must be
must hold the Abitur school-leaving organised and inventoried in such a way
qualification or equivalent to qualify for that it remains accessible at any time for
admission to higher education in this administrative or research purposes or to
field. Graduate librarians are responsi- the general public (e.g. exhibitions). The
ble for the procurement, presentation, advancing digitisation increasingly calls
cataloguing and user services. See also for skills and competencies in the fields
scientific libraries and documentation of data migration, databases and internet
centres. The administrative-own training publications.
for executive civil service positions at sci-
entific libraries is only required in Bavaria
(Munich) today.

Information management, of library software and specific computer-

information studies aided processes is important.
Novel information technologies, ever A library career in the higher service can
more specific customer wishes, as well be achieved via all programmes leading
as the transition to a globalised informa- to the following degrees: Staatsexamen,
tion and knowledge society place greater Magister, Diplom. Although a doctorate
requirements on the acquisition, selec- is not required, with the exception of the
tion, processing, transmission and pres- Rhineland-Palatinate, it is often desired.
entation of information from all fields of The training for higher service positions is
human knowledge. And so, for example, currently being reformed. Only in Bavaria
information managers and IT specialis the traditional training via professional
ists design Internet-based customer- practical training / internships together
friendly database applications, develop with two-years of specialist library train-
information systems, conceive electronic ing still offered. The other federal states
marketplaces, online shops and other send employed trainees to Munich for
e-Commerce solutions and work on the their specialist theoretical training, or the
management of information and knowl- applicants are employed as academic
edge within companies and organisations. volunteers who take a career-integrated
An interdisciplinary perspective plays a distance studies programme at the Hum-
central role in this respect through the boldt University Berlin. Furthermore, a
integration of IT, legal and economic postgraduate course in Library and Infor-
methods, theories and tools. mation Science is offered at the Cologne
University of Applied Science that ends
Digital databases are important tools for with a Masters degree and prepares
recording, classifying, administrating and graduates for positions in libraries and
cataloguing documents and information. information management institutions at
Hence, a confident knowledge in the use home and abroad.
Studies at Universities and library management, library buildings and

Universities of Applied Sciences technology, user advice and information
systems and services, bibliography, cata-
Practical experience/internships: 4 to 13 loguing and classification theory, infor-
months. mation systems and IT, library services,
media and information cataloguing, infor-
Library administration mation retrieval, library history, statistics,
specialist career fields for librarians.
Studies and specialist training: Publica-
tion studies, structure and divisions of
libraries, media and the media market,

Documentation Information management,

information studies
Studies: Business administration and
management, media and information pro- Studies: Business administration/man-
curement, database development, knowl- agement, computer science and informa-
edge engineering, information retrieval tion systems, mathematics, knowledge
and specialist information, project and management, operational research, infor-
knowledge management, digital publica- mation systems/information reception,
tions. In the field of medical documenta- law, information ethics, communication
tion, techniques of data structuring, data and media, information design, social and
processes and statistical data analysis psychological functions of communica-
along with specialist knowledge of biology tion, information linguistics, information
and medicine represent further core train- networks/information databases, specialist
ing areas. information, public information services,
information management, marketing and
Archive administration quality management.
Studies: The University of Applied Sci-

ences Potsdam is currently the only Programmes in this field
higher education institution in Germany Berlin FHTW Berlin HU Darmstadt HS
to offer a degree programme leading to a (Dieburg) Dsseldorf U Erlangen-
Diplomarchivar/in (FH) degree outside Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Hamburg HAW
the otherwise administration-own internal Hannover FH Karlsruhe U Kln FH
training system for archivists. It includes, Leipzig HTWK Oldenburg U Potsdam FH
among other aspects, archive science, Regensburg U Stuttgart HdM Ulm HS
archive management, archive typology,
acquisition with assessment theory,
records management with electronic
records and database-aided cataloguing
methods, plus basic historical sciences
and palaeography, legal and business
aspects, historical education work, PR
work, English. Choice of a complementary
subject area.

3.10 Linguistic and Speech Sciences, including

Phonetics, Linguistics and Rhetoric
Study Field Outline morphological, syntactic, semantic, prag-

matic and text-critical analysis. Key meth-
German universities offer courses in ods and disciplines include structuralism
linguistics either in the form of historical- and semiotics, generative transforma-
comparative studies or as general linguis- tional grammar, structural and generative
tics; in addition, the study of linguistics semantics, text linguistics, language con-
is taught within the scope of individual tent analysis and communication research,
philologies. Studies in speech sciences, with a focus on inter-human communica-
phonetics, or rhetoric deal with the edu- tion. Special research areas have devel-
cational and communication-theoretical oped in fields such as psycholinguistics
as well as, in some cases, with logopaedic (study of language acquisition, language
(speech therapy) aspects of speech. and thought), sociolinguistics (study of the
language of various social strata), pragma-
Historical-comparative linguistic studies linguistics (study of the effect of language
essentially have two core research areas. in various spheres of life).
The first treats the comparative study of
languages of the Indo-European (formerly Computer linguistics (linguistic data
Indo-Germanic) family, including nearly processing, electronic language process-
all European and several oriental and Asian ing, etc.) deals with the processing of
languages. Studies research and compare natural language in computer systems.
the older language levels as well as more It shares working areas with linguistics,
recent or related developments. On the computer science and information sci-
other hand, historical-comparative linguis- ence/technology.
tics is concerned with the reconstruction
and correction of incomplete or faulty The still relatively young scientific
handed down texts that serve as sources research field of text technology deals,
for other disciplines. This is why close inter alia, with the technological process-
contacts exist with many other subjects ing and information enhancement of texts.
that depend on such texts. In both cases, Courses teach methods of text description
the student must be interested in learning and processing that facilitate the presenta-
ancient and modern languages of the Indo- tion of texts in various media, the machine
European and other language groups. processing of texts and the hypertextual
or hypermedia presentation of texts. The
General linguistic studies mainly research simplified retrieval and usage or archiving
and are concerned with modern languages of texts is also a study area in this field.
as fundamental structures of human
existence and society as well as subjecting Speech science, rhetoric, and phonetics
given language systems to phonological, study the conditions of human communi-

cation from the perspective of spoken ex- eign language lessons/the art and science
pression, i.e. are centrally concerned with of teaching).
human speech and hearing. Depending on
the specialist focus of the respective degree Linguistics and speech sciences have
programmes, instrumental measurement close links with respective neighbouring
methods including the use of computers disciplines, such as education, anthropol-
(phonetics), speech education or rhetori- ogy, ethnology, logic, philosophy, com-
cal communication will play an important puter science, psychology as well as with
role. Speech education develops adequate therapy-focused degree programmes. As
methods of breathing, voice formation and a rule, students must have a knowledge of
pronunciation/articulation for people who several foreign languages of which at least
mainly work with their voice under stress two are living languages, plus an adequate
conditions (professionals, such as teachers) knowledge of Latin. Since the beginning of
to prevent functional impairments of the the 19th century, and particularly in recent
speech organs and/or to train speech-art decades, study of the Indo-Germanic (now
skills, e.g. in the field of performing arts. Indo-European) languages and general
Rhetoric promotes communication skills linguistics has produced fundamental
by expanding the conversation and speech insights for studies in the individual philol-
skills, while pathological-therapeutic ogies and has also led to decisive changes
aspects of speech sciences deal with voice in the didactic-methodological conception
disorders and similar impairments. of German and foreign language teaching.
Language teaching research deals with the Some higher education institutions not
conditions and opportunities of learning only offer students opportunities for stud-
and teaching foreign languages as well as ying another major, but also allow them
how these are used in communication. to gain the speech training qualification
This is an empirical and interdisciplinary offered by the German Society of Speech
subject that combines theory-learning Science and Speech Training (Deutsche
interests with practical objectives (e.g. the Gesellschaft fr Sprechwissenschaft und
didactic-methodological conception of for- Sprecherziehung DGSS).
Studies at Universities and Colleges Full studies: Historical-comparative lin-

of Music guistics and general linguistics can be
chosen as major or minor subjects, as can
Studies: Core areas: Introductory lectures most of the speech sciences, rhetoric and
and exercises in general linguistics as phonetics programmes. In the course of
well as basic concepts and methods in the their studies, students develop focus areas
main study stage of a linguistic-philologi- within the above-mentioned fields, which
cal degree programme. will differ greatly from one institution to
the next depending on the subjects offered
by their respective institution.


Aachen TH Augsburg U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U
Bonn U Bremen U Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-
Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U
Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
Hannover U Heidelberg U Jena U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U (Landau) Kln FH Kln U
Konstanz U Leipzig U Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen SDI Mnchen U Mnster U
Paderborn U Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U
Siegen U Stuttgart HfM Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Wrzburg U
3.11 Media
Study Field Outline conceivable and actual occupational/career

fields. Besides the partly longer-standing
Since the 1980s, the media have been media programmes offered in journal-
seen as a growth industry that clearly ism, in communication studies, in print
offers career fields for the future. In par- and media engineering, film/TV, design,
ticular, the leaps and bounds taken in especially communication design/visual
the development of computer technology communication and photo/film design,
together with the range of new telecom- the practice relevant principles of infor-
munications opportunities, the increase in mation technology and its subject-related
private TV and radio channels, in particu- application are increasingly being taught.
lar, and the advance of audio-visual media In addition, new degree programmes and
and the computer (PC) have substantially subjects have evolved, such as media man-
changed the living and working world. agement, media business and economics,
The development of information technol- media information systems, game design,
ogy and electronic media has also created or virtual design.
completely new forms of media and styles.
However, it is difficult to clearly define

the term media. This difficulty is plainly
expressed in the diversity of new forms
of training and study and the variety of

Studies at Universities, Colleges of Studies: Studies are either completed

Music/Art/Film and Universities of in independent degree programmes or
Applied Sciences subjects or as a core study area or spe-
cialisation within an overarching degree
Admissions requirements: Some higher programme, above all, in universities of
education institutions require proof of applied sciences programmes in design,
specific degree-course related aptitude; the and similarly at art colleges and universi-
higher education institutions have devel- ties. Over and above this, courses can
oped their own tests to determine this. also be found in specific teacher training
programmes and in education, e.g. media
education.

Aachen FH Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg) Ansbach FH Augsburg FH Augsburg U
Bayreuth U Berlin IBS Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin MDH (Berlin, Dsseldorf, Mnchen)
Berlin TFH Berlin TU Berlin UdK Bielefeld FH Bielefeld FHM Bielefeld U
Bochum HS Bochum U Bonn U Brandenburg FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH
(Salzgitter) Braunschweig HBK Braunschweig TU Bremen HfK Bremen HS Bremen
Jacobs University Bremen U Bremerhaven H Bruchsal IU Calw HS Chemnitz TU
Cottbus TU Darmstadt HS Dortmund FH Dortmund ISM (Dortmund, Frankfurt am Main)
Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf FH Dsseldorf U Erlangen-
Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt (Oder) U Frankfurt am Main HfBK Frankfurt am Main U
Freiburg U Friedrichshafen ZU Furtwangen HS Halle HfKuD Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg HAW Hamburg HfBK Hamburg HfMT Hamburg HSBA Hamburg U
Hannover FH Hannover HMT Hildesheim U Hof FH Idstein EFF Ilmenau TU
Iserlohn BiTS Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HfGest Kassel U Kiel FH Kln DSHS
Kln EFF Kln KuHMedien Kln RheinFH Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig HGB
Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Lbeck FH Lbeck U Ludwigsburg FABW
Magdeburg U Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mainz FH Mainz U Mannheim Pop-
Akad.BW Mannheim U Marburg U Merseburg FH Mittweida HS Mnchen AkdBK
Mnchen HFF Mnchen MFM Mnchen U Mnster KuAk Mnster U Neu-Ulm FH
Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven) Oldenburg U
Osnabrck FH (Lingen/Ems) Paderborn U Passau U Potsdam U Potsdam UMC
Potsdam-Babelsberg HFF Regensburg U Reutlingen HS Saar HBK (Saarbrcken)
Schwbisch Gmnd HfGestaltung Schwbisch Hall FH Siegen U Stuttgart AkdBK
Stuttgart HdM Trier U Tbingen U Ulm HS Weimar U Weingarten PH
Wiesbaden FH Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg)

3.12 Media Studies, Journalism
Study Field Outline work. In some cases, postgraduate stud-

ies in journalism may be meaningful for
The study of journalism and media studies students who have graduated in (an)other
covers all the aspects involved in process- subject(s).
ing and disseminating news and informa-
tion via various media, like newspapers, Some institutions offer independent
magazines, television, radio, film, news degree programmes in journalism under
agencies, and the press and information a range of different titles that combine
units of government authorities, politi- theoretical disciplines and career-focused
cal parties, associations and companies. (practical) journalistic studies within a sin-
However, there is no formally prescribed gle programme. Admission to such pro-
or uniformly defined professional train- grammes is decided through a selection
ing for this very wide range of activities. procedure. Specifically, such programmes
Besides mastery of spoken and written are journalism (major, minor or core study
German, aspiring journalists must have area/specialisation programmes), media
an interest in establishing contacts with studies and communication studies. The
people from many different walks of life, latter examines the communication proc-
must be thorough and accurate, and must ess in all its functions and effects, as well
have the ability to present complex facts as the structure of the mass media, how
and contexts in a generally understandable they affect public opinion, or how journal-
manner. A knowledge of the electronic ists work and see themselves and their
media and of information and computer role. The dividing lines between these pro-
technology is important. grammes have not yet been clearly defined
and are still in flux. Journalism tends to
Various routes are available to a career in be more practical, while media studies
journalism and media fields. One involves and communication studies have a greater
a voluntary traineeship (Volontariat) theoretical orientation. Some universities
of between one and two years without have recently started offering programmes
any previous higher education studies in technical writing/editing and online
(meanwhile relatively rare). Studying at a journalism.
school of journalism is another possible
route. However, the most frequently taken
path involves a combination of studying
a relevant subject at a higher education
institution followed by a voluntary trainee-
ship (Volontariat). No recommendations
can be given on which subjects to take,
since various subject groups are possible,
depending on the career goal and field of

Studies at Universities, Colleges

of Music/Art and Universities of
Applied Sciences Aachen TH Aalen HS Bamberg U
Berlin FHTW Berlin FU Berlin UdK
Practical experience/internships: Between Bielefeld FHM Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt
6 weeks and 6 months. Augustin) Bremen HS Chemnitz TU
Darmstadt HS (Dieburg) Dortmund TU
Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Eichsttt-
Basic study stage: Principles of social
Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erfurt U
sciences and communication studies, Frankfurt am Main HfMDK Freiburg U
the working methods and techniques of Friedrichshafen ZU Gelsenkirchen FH
journalism and media studies, as well as (Gelsenkirchen) Gieen U Greifswald U
media competence. Depending on the Hamburg U Hannover FH Hildesheim U
programme in question, the specialist Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Iserlohn BiTS
fields of study will vary greatly, covering Jena U Karlsruhe HfM Karlsruhe HS
areas like literary studies, political science, Kln FH Leipzig U Magdeburg-Stendal
economics and business administra- FH (Magdeburg) Mainz U Merseburg FH
tion, history, art history. As the studies Mnchen HFF Mnchen MFM
Mnchen SDI Mnchen U Mnster U
progress, practical semesters and media
Nrnberg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
work placements or internships lasting
Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven)
several months are added in collaboration Osnabrck FH (Lingen/Ems) Weilheim-
with schools of journalism and media Bierbronnen GSA (Weilheim)
companies.
Main study stage: Specialisation and

consolidation of the theoretical knowledge
and practical experience and skills.
3.13 Music, Performing Arts
Study Field Outline of study include instrumental music (solo,

orchestra, chamber music), church music,
The colleges of art and music, and, in song (solo, choir), conducting (choir and
some cases, traditional universities and orchestra conducting), music coaching,
universities of education, offer a wide composition, with programmes offered in
range of study opportunities in the field of instrumental and vocal music, as well as
music. The education and training aims to classical music-orientated programmes,
qualify students with the skills, knowledge and programmes that focus on jazz/
and methods that they need for a career in pop/rock. Moreover, some institutions
art or music education. The mains fields offer programmes in sound engineering

(ending with a Tonmeister/in or Tonin- (Lehramt) be exempted from having to

genieur/in degree), which prepares stu- hold a higher education entrance qualifica-
dents for positions of responsibility in the tion. In some cases, special provisions will
direction and realisation of sound record- apply to the training of freelance music
ings as well as TV and radio broadcasting, teachers.
in the theatre and in other media areas.
Besides the traditional programmes that The study of performing arts includes
are currently experiencing major change musicals, dance/choreography, drama,
and reform, above all as a result of the new directing, pantomime.
media, other programmes are also being
offered now, such as in general music Musical performers unite the fields of
education or in rhythmics, which combine song, dance and acting in their art. Besides
aspects of music and movement educa- having a good potential singing voice, a
tion. pronounced sense of musicality, and good
basic musical background/training, they
Programmes leading to a teaching quali- should also, much as the students of dance
fication for positions at general education and drama, have performing/acting skills
schools also represent part of the higher and a robust physical constitution.
education institution remit. Besides
these institutions, music academies and Stage dancers conceive, reproduce and
conservatoires train teachers for music interpret classical and modern dance roles
schools as well as freelance music teach- in ballet and musical productions as well
ers. The state and church colleges of as within the scope of dance scenes in
music also provide programmes in church operas and operettas. Choreographers are
music leading to qualification with the so- responsible for developing and adapting
called B and A examinations. dance performances and dance scenes.
In order to be able to exclusively depict
To qualify for admission to the study of human experience and ideas, characters
music, applicants must prove their artis- and actions by means of dance, move-
tic ability/aptitude for the programme in ment, gestures and facial expression alone,
question. The colleges hold aptitude tests students need dance skills, an artistic
to determine an applicants qualification. sensitivity, expressive and conceptional
The colleges above all expect students skills, an outstanding physical constitu-
to have a good potential singing and tion and fitness. The training is provided
speaking voice, mastery of a main and a at colleges of music, in the non-university
secondary instrument, a good ear and a sector at private, municipal and private
foundation in general music theory and ballet schools. Training as a stage dancer
harmony. Applicants who can prove out- or musical performer is not subject to any
standing musical talent can as long as legally-defined formal educational quali-
the programme in question is not one that fications, although early dance training is
leads to the First State Examination (Erste expected.
Staatsprfung) for a teaching qualification

Actors aim to use the instruments of an aptitude test. Applicants who can prove
speech, facial expression and gesture on outstanding artistic talent/aptitude may be
the stage, as well as in film, radio and TV, exempted from having to hold the higher
to use interpretations to bring the role education entrance qualification.
specified by the text and the director to
life; in most cases, this is done within an The study of dramatic art as a part of
ensemble. Stage design and props, cos- a teacher training programme aims to
tumes and make-up provide the external qualify teachers in the use of the medium
framework. An interest in literature and, of artistic self-expression (movement, ges-
in particular, a good memory for texts are ture, music, facial expression, dance, etc.)
important requirements for successful in a didactic methodological manner (art
studies and training, just as are the abil- and science of teaching a subject) in the
ity to understand the role and at the same classroom and to systematically introduce
time to give it vivid and individual expres- children and youths to the art of verbal
sion. The training lasts at least three years and non-verbal self-expression and presen-
and is provided by colleges of music and tation. At the same time, this provides an
drama, as well as state and private drama opportunity to identify and promote acting
schools. Graduates who have an artistic talent at an early stage at school.
focus and who hold a Diplom degree
in elocution/speech training qualify as Overall responsibility for a performance
experts in the field of aesthetic commu- lies with the director. The study of direct-
nication for reciting literary works in a ing can be taken at colleges of art, music,
manner appropriate to the text and situa- film or TV; specialisation in music, drama,
tion and for working with the methods of film and TV directing is possible. Over
artistic performance. and above this, courses in dramaturgy (art
of dramatic composition) and playwriting
To qualify for admission to higher educa- are offered as independent degree pro-
tion, applicants must hold a higher educa- grammes.
tion entrance qualification and must pass
Studies at Universities, Colleges ment studies, choir and orchestra per-

of Music/Art and Universities of formance and orchestra conducting; later
Applied Sciences studies focus on the selected instrument
or on singing. Programmes leading to a
Music teaching degree generally include study
of a second subject or of minor subject(s),
Studies: The initial focus is on exercises plus courses in art practice, musicology,
in singing, enunciation, articulation and education and music teaching didactics
expression, instrumental play, composi- and methodology. Music teachers are
tion, music theory, music history, instru- expected to be able to pass on their inter-

est in music to pupils along with a sense Performing Arts

of musical judgment. Training as a church
musician covers organ and choir direction Studies: This generally covers breathing
courses plus a series of minors in art prac- and breath control, voice, speaking, body,
tice and theory. movement, dance, ballet, singing, acting,
performance, theory, education. Courses
are partly taught individually or in groups.

Alanus HS (Alfter) Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth HfKiM Bayreuth U Berlin FU
Berlin HfM Berlin HfS Berlin UdK Bielefeld U Braunschweig HBK Braunschweig TU
Bremen HfK Detmold HfM (Detmold, Dortmund, Mnster) Dortmund TU Dresden HfKiM
Dresden HfM Dresden Palucca Schule HS fr Tanz Dsseldorf HfM Erfurt U Essen HfM
(Bochum, Duisburg, Essen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main HfMDK Frankfurt am Main U
Freiburg HfM Gieen U Grlitz HfKiM Greifswald U Halle HfKiM Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg HfMT Hannover HMT Heidelberg HfKiM Herford HfKiM Hildesheim U
Karlsruhe HfM Koblenz-Landau U (Koblenz) Kln HfM (Aachen, Kln, Wuppertal) Lausitz
FH (Cottbus) Leipzig HfMT Lbeck HfM Ludwigsburg ADK Ludwigsburg FABW
Lneburg U Mainz U Mannheim HfM Mannheim Pop-Akad.BW Mnchen HfMT
Mnchen U Mnster U Nrnberg-Augsburg HfM Oldenburg U Osnabrck FH
Osnabrck U Potsdam U Potsdam-Babelsberg HFF Regensburg HfKM Rostock HMT
Rottenburg HfKi Saar HfM (Saarbrcken) Stuttgart HfM Trossingen HfM
Tbingen HfKiM Vechta H Weimar HfM Wuppertal U Wrzburg HfM Wrzburg U
3.14 Musicology
Study Field Outline times to the present. It covers the life and
work of famous musicians, the develop-
In contrast to programmes in music prac- ment of musical styles, and discusses the
tice and music education, musicology is individual musical forms and historical
primarily concerned with the theoretical periods. Systematic musicology covers the
and historical aspects of music. Its branch- physical, physiological, psychological and
es are music history (historical musicol- sociological aspects of music: music psy-
ogy), systematic musicology and musical chology including music therapy, music
folklore and ethnology (ethnomusicology). sociology, music theory and the develop-
The history of music, which forms the ment of tonal systems and musical instru-
core of the study of musicology, examines ments (theory of musical instruments).
the development of music from ancient Ethnomusicology researches European

folk music and those cultures and civilisa- To qualify for admission to musicology
tions in which music was largely handed programmes, students must have a good
down in oral traditions (music of primitive and trained ear and, where possible, be
culture and civilisations, tribal peoples). able to play a musical instrument, pref-
erably the piano, for rendering musical
Studies aim to provide students with the scores. They should at least have a basic
qualifications needed for differentially knowledge of musical theory and harmony
recognising, describing and analysing the and be familiar with the main periods
diversity of musical phenomena, and for and lines of development in the history of
classifying these critically in the appropri- music. At the start of the studies, institu-
ate cultural, social and historical contexts tions offer exercises in music theory to
of their age and ours. Hence, useful minor help students acquire and consolidate
and complementary subjects include his- their basic knowledge.
tory, literary studies, book studies, art his-
tory, sociology, ethnology, psychology.
Studies at Universities and Colleges Programmes in this field

of Music
Bonn U Bremen U Dresden TU
Basic study stage: Introduction to the
Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
methods, working techniques and core (Eichsttt) Frankfurt am Main U
problems of musicology in general lec- Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
tures, introductory exercises and introduc- Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U
tory seminars. Hamburg U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U
Jena U Karlsruhe HfM Kiel U Koblenz-
Main study stage: Extension and consoli- Landau U Kln U Leipzig U Mainz U
dation of the knowledge and skills gained Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U
in the basic study stage and specialisation Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U
in one of the three major branches of Potsdam U Regensburg U
Saarbrcken U Tbingen U
musicology: history of music, systematic
Weimar HfM Wrzburg U
musicology or ethnomusicology in accord-
ance with the students interests and
career goal. The reception of academic
literature and independent research work
account for the greatest proportion of this
stage. Students also attend special lectures
and advanced seminars.

3.15 Philology, Classical
Study Field Outline erature in the European Middle Ages, is

closely related to classical philology.
Classical philology is divided into Greek
philology and Latin philology. Their To qualify for admission to studies, appli-
research focuses, respectively, on the writ- cants must have a good knowledge of
ten forms of classical Greek or Roman Latin and Greek, and also a knowledge of
culture as foundations of our culture. Both English, French and Italian for the study
subjects are offered, above all, at tradition- of secondary literature. Due to the close
al universities. Important and meaning- ties between Latin and Greek literature
ful auxiliary and minor subjects include and intellectual history, students of Latin
ancient history, classical archaeology, philology must demonstrate a knowledge
religious studies, art history, philosophy, of Greek by taking the Graecum language
linguistics and ancient/classical studies. test and, vice versa, students of Greek phi-
lology a knowledge of Latin by taking the
The study of medieval philology, which Latinum before or during their studies,
is concerned with Latin language and lit- depending on the institution in question.
Studies at Universities (art and science of teaching). Emphasis

throughout the studies is placed on read-
Basic study stage: Consolidation and ing the major classical authors in the origi-
extension of the language skills gained nal as well as relevant secondary literature
at grammar school, translation and style and commentaries.
exercises, text interpretation, acquisition of
academic/scientific research methods.
Main study stage: Consolidation and Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin FU
extension of the knowledge of language Berlin HU Bochum U Bonn U
and above all linguistic aspects, improve- Dresden TU Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
ment of independent philological-aca- (Eichsttt) Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen)
demic interpretation, critical analysis and Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U
studies of basic problems of philology and Gieen U Gttingen U Halle-
the current state of research. Travel to the Wittenberg U Hamburg U Heidelberg U
countries and regions of ancient civilisa- Jena U Kiel U Kln U Leipzig U
Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen U
tions to extend regional knowledge and
Mnster U Osnabrck U Potsdam U
skills. Prospective teachers additionally
Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U
study education and specialist didactics Trier U Tbingen U Wrzburg U
and methodology in both study stages

3.16 Philology, Modern
Study Field Outline raphy, culture and society of the country/

region in question (area studies). The rela-
Modern philology is concerned with the tive weighting between language and the
study of living languages. The approaches above-mentioned components varies from
are literary, i.e. study of the content, subject to subject and from one institution
structure and stylistic effects of literary to the next. At least two semesters of the
texts as well as linguistic, i.e. study of the studies should be studied in a country in
phonetics, morphology, syntax, seman- which the target language is relevant, pref-
tics and pragmatics. While translation erably mid-course.
and interpretation programmes focus on
mastery of foreign languages as a means Important auxiliary and subsidiary dis-
of communication, philology courses con- ciplines include history, geography, lin-
sider the acquisition of a foreign language guistics and literary studies, translating/
to be important and necessary, but do interpreting, and, for some philologies,
not regard this to be the ultimate goal of social sciences and economics/business
the studies. Beyond language acquisition, administration. Some institutions offer
students are also familiarised with a lan- alternative programmes that combine for-
guages historical forms and examine in eign languages or philologies with other
detail the linguistic, literary, cultural and subjects in a so-called course of career-
historical elements of its philology as well orientated foreign language training.
as the history, politics, economy and geog-
Studies at Universities differ greatly from European characters

(e.g. Chinese pictographic/ideographic
Basic study stage: The focus is on learn- script) also call for a good visual memory
ing the relevant foreign language or lan- and make particularly heavy demands on
guages, including earlier forms. Good lan- students. Parallel to the acquisition of the
guage skills at the start of the studies are foreign language, students also study the
only expected of students reading English relevant linguistic and cultural aspects
and French, while a knowledge of Latin (history, area studies, geography, religion).
is very useful, above all, for the study of
French and the other Romance languages. Main study stage: The language and area
Students should not underestimate the studies skills gained in the basic study
time and effort involved in learning a stage are extended and consolidated in the
foreign language. The languages of the main study stage. Emphasis on the study
Far East with alphabetical characters that of literature and sources, text interpreta-

tion, discussion of fundamental questions students can develop ideas for the final
of relevance to the subject, academic tech- thesis from the topic areas treated in the
niques and working methods. By specialis- main study stage.
ing and setting areas of personal interest
Central African, studies) and ancient America (ancient

Ancient American philologies American studies, cf. also history).
Some few universities also offer studies in

the languages of Central Africa (African

Bayreuth U Berlin HU Bielefeld U Frankfurt am Main U Hamburg U Kln U Mainz U
East Asian studies Traditionally, the study of these Far East-

ern philologies has been concerned with
Among the languages of the Far East (East the classical languages and the associated
Asian Studies), Chinese (Chinese studies/ literature. Increasingly, however, these
Sinology) and Japanese (Japanese stud- subjects are also being offered as regional
ies/Japanology) are the most significant. and cultural studies, which besides dealing
Other languages include Korean (Korean with the modern language of the country,
studies), the Central Asian philologies also take into consideration political and
(Manchurian, Mongolian, Tibetan studies) economic aspects. These more applied
and the languages of South East Asia (Bur- studies are to be found, in particular, in
mese, Laotian, Malay, Thai, Vietnamese the field of Japanese studies on account of
studies). the countrys leading position in the Far
East as well as, to some extent, in Sinology.

Berlin FU Berlin HU Bochum U Bonn U Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf U
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Heidelberg U Kln U Leipzig U Mnchen U Mnster U Passau U
Trier U Tbingen U Wrzburg U

English studies speaking world, mainly Britain (English

studies in the narrower sense) and North
The field of English studies deals with the America (American studies, in some cases
language and literature of the English- also Canadian studies).

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Bielefeld U
Bochum U Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen U Chemnitz TU Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U
Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U
Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mainz U Mannheim U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U
Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U
Trier U Tbingen U Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Modern Greek philology tury) and includes the fields of language

acquisition, linguistics and translation
The study of Modern Greek (Modern studies, literary and area studies, South
Greek philology) covers the literature, lan- Eastern European studies, fundamentals
guage, and area studies of modern Greece of classical ancient studies and Byzantine
(as from the beginning of the 19th cen- studies.

Berlin FU Freiburg U Hamburg U Mnchen U
Oriental studies ology, Hittitology, which actually belong to

the field of ancient or classical studies.
The largest category of the non-European
philologies is made up of those subjects Indian philology (Indology), which is
grouped together under the heading of concerned with the languages and cul-
oriental studies: tures of the Indian subcontinent, both
historically and in the modern, contem-
The languages and cultures of the porary context. This includes Sanskrit,
ancient Orient, such as Egyptology, Assyri- especially important for Indo-Germanic

(or today Indo-European) and comparative The fields of Semitic studies and Arabic
linguistics. studies, which deal with the Semitic lan-
guages and cultures, are closely related to
Islamic studies, which covers the entire Islamic studies and in some cases overlap
Islamic world from North Africa and within this field. These language groups
the Middle East to Indonesia. The main cover Akkadian, Canaanite (including
languages are Arabic, Persian and Turk- Hebrew), Aramaic (including Syrian),
ish. Ethiopian and Arabic. Judaic studies focus
on Jewish history and culture.

Bamberg U Berlin FU Bochum U Bonn U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt
am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
Heidelberg HJS Heidelberg U Jena U Kiel U Kln U Leipzig U Mainz U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Potsdam U Trier U Tbingen U Wrzburg U
Other (European) philologies individual universities, the Baltic languag-

es of Latvian and Lithuanian (Baltic Stud-
Finno-Ugrian studies (Uralic studies) ies), the Caucasian languages with Cauca-
covers the languages and literatures of sian studies plus the so-called isolated
Finland, Hungary, Estonia and a number language of Albanian (Albanian studies)
of smaller languages in Russia and their are represented. For information on the
cultures that do not belong to the Indo- Nordic languages (Scandinavian studies,
European group of languages. At some Icelandic studies) see German studies.

Gttingen U Greifswald U Hamburg U Jena U Kln U Mnchen U
Romance studies the Ibero-Romance languages (Spanish,

Portuguese, Catalan), which are also the
Courses in Romance studies deal with the languages of Central and South America
Romance languages that have evolved out (Latin America), Romanian and Rhaeto-
of Latin (the language of ancient Rome). Romanic.
This primarily includes French, Italian,


Augsburg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Bochum U Bonn U Bremen U
Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt)
Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U
Gttingen U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Heidelberg U Jena U Kassel U Kiel U
Koblenz-Landau U (Landau) Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Mainz U Mannheim U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Osnabrck U Paderborn U Passau U Potsdam U
Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U
Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Slavonic studies sian), West Slavonic (Kashubian, Lower

Sorbian/Upper Sorbian Wendish, Polish,
The focus of Slavonic studies is on the Slovakian and Czech), and South Slavonic
languages, literatures and cultures of the (Bulgarian, Burgenland-Croatian, Macedo-
Eastern and South Eastern European peo- nian, Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian and Slove-
ples. These are divided into three groups: nian). Old Church Slavonic also belongs to
East Slavonic (Russniak/Ruthenian, Rus- this group, a subject of great importance
sian + Ukraine and Belorussian/Byelorus- in the field of language history.

Berlin FU Berlin HU Bochum U Bonn U Bremen U Dresden TU Erfurt U Frankfurt
(Oder) U Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Heidelberg U Jena U Kiel U Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Mainz U
Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U Trier U
Tbingen U Wrzburg U
3.17 Philosophy
Study Field Outline mental and intellectual being and with the
systematics and logic of science and schol-
Philosophy is a fundamental science that arship. Branches of philosophy include
addresses the conditions and history of metaphysics, ontology, epistemology,
thought, ideas, perception, the position logic, ethics and aesthetics. Fields such as
of humankind in the universe, human the philosophy of law, the philosophy of
action, human problems as a physical, history, social philosophy, the philosophy

of language, etc., along with the philoso- enced by mathematical insights, while
phy of science act as further links to other the philosophy of language is strongly
subjects. Conversely, influences from influenced by the findings of linguistics
other sciences and fields act on philoso- (linguistic turn).
phy. Logic, for example, is strongly influ-
Studies at Universities, and preparatory courses in logic and basic

Philosophical-Theological Colleges philosophical concepts are particularly
and other Higher Education important elements of the basic study
Institutions stage. Lectures provide additional insights
into specific philosophical periods and the
Studies: The study of philosophy calls for teachings and theories of major philoso-
a thorough treatment of and preoccupa- phers. An extensive knowledge of classical
tion with the various branches of phi- and modern languages is important. Exer-
losophy (acquired through seminars and cises on the interpretation of classical phil-
independent study of literature), begin- osophical texts enhance the understanding
ning with ancient times and continuing of philosophical questions and problems
through to the present-day. Introductory and of the terminology of philosophy.

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU
Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen U Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U
Frankfurt School of Finance & Management Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg U
Hildesheim U Jena U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Konstanz U
Leipzig U Magdeburg U Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen HPhil Mnchen U
Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U
Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U Trier ThFak Trier U Tbingen U
Ulm U Vechta H Weilheim-Bierbronnen GSA (Weilheim) Witten/Herdecke U (Witten)

3.18 Religious Studies
Study Field Outline sible phenomena and studies these with

linguistic, cultural studies and social
The field of religious studies that has sciences methods. Fields include, above
evolved out of philosophy, theology and all, religious history, systematic religious
comparative linguistics deals with the studies, religious sociology, religious psy-
diversity of religions of the past and the chology, religious ethnology and religious
present. It examines religion and religios- geography.
ity as cultural, empirically comprehen-
Studies at Universities Students also complete modules that

deliver practical and profession-related
Studies: Bachelors programmes with knowledge, such as foreign languages,
their interdisciplinary and cultural stud- computing skills, and multimedia.
ies orientated focus offer modules that
deliver the fundamental knowledge, ques-
tions, theories and methods of historical, Programmes in this field
systematic and empirical religious studies. Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin HU
These include religious history within Bochum U Bonn U Bremen U Erfurt U
the cultural studies framework, interdis- Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt
ciplinary and transdisciplinary religious am Main U Gttingen U Hannover U
research, Judaism, Islam and Asian reli- Heidelberg U Jena U Leipzig U
gions, ancient religions and Christianity Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U
(Christendom), methodological compe- Oldenburg U Osnabrck U
tencies and skills in the interpretation Potsdam U Siegen U Tbingen U
of religious sources, qualitative religious
research plus the theory and practice of
empirical social research. Opportunities
for consolidation and specialisation are
given in areas like European and non-
European religious history, religious
contemporary culture, the museal presen-
tation of religions, European ethnology/
cultural studies, ethnology.

3.19 Translating and Interpreting
Study Field Outline preters also need a sound knowledge of

the subject areas they work in (technology
In contrast to the philological study of for- and engineering, law, business, medicine,
eign languages, the study of translating and science). Translators of literature render
interpreting aims to develop skills in the works of fiction (narrative prose, drama,
correct rendering of speeches, (conference) lyric, poetry) into the target language. This
discussions and debating (interpreting) calls for sound philological knowledge in
or written texts (professional translating/ the foreign and mother language, as well as
literary translating) from one language into literary talent and stylistic diversity.
another. Interpreters work at meetings and
conferences of all kinds, but also in the Degree programmes in these fields are
judicial system and general administration, offered by universities and universities of
politics as well as in business, and must be applied sciences. Students should have
quick and accurate in their work. Transla- good language skills and language profi-
tors, on the other hand, need to have highly ciency, at least in school languages. Pro-
developed skills in correct stylistic and for- paedeutics courses lasting between 1 and 2
mal text expression in the target language pre-sessional semesters prepare students
and editorial abilities for their work on for translator/interpreter studies in other
specialist texts of all kinds, including non- languages. Students are urgently advised to
fiction books, newspapers, magazines, jour- spend at least one semester abroad in the
nals, essays, radio programmes or commer- language region relevant to their foreign
cial correspondence. This calls for literary language(s). Some institutions have made
talent. Furthermore, translators and inter- study sections abroad required elements.
Studies at Universities translation-relevant branches of literature

and linguistics, as well as core profes-
Studies: Generally, the training of inter- sional qualifications (practical translation
preters and translators focuses on the exercises, theory and history of translation,
selected foreign languages, supplemented professional studies, theory and practice of
by courses in linguistics and translation writing).
studies, linguistic computing, social sci-
ences and cultural studies of foreign coun-
tries, plus a complementary school subject
and general studies subjects. Literary Berlin HU Bonn U Dsseldorf U
translation programmes provide training Hamburg U Heidelberg U
in two source languages and in the target Hildesheim U Leipzig U Mainz U
language, i.e. German. Studies cover (Germersheim) Saarbrcken U

Studies at Universities of Applied Besides linguistics and translation studies,

Sciences students also undertake cultural, regional
and area studies on relevant countries and
Practical experience/internships: One- training in selected fields of specialisa-
year of practical training (internship/ tion (business, law, etc.) as well as general
work placement) in a translation office, studies subjects.
an industrial, commercial or trading com-
pany, a bank, insurance company, etc.
Studies: Courses above all lead to mastery Bad Homburg HS (Bad Homburg)
of the techniques of translating or inter- Flensburg FH Kln FH Konstanz HS
preting in the first and second foreign Leipzig AKAD Magdeburg-Stendal FH
language, including theoretical linguistic (Magdeburg) Mannheim HS
computing (from the field of terminology Mnchen SDI Pinneberg AKAD FH
theory, computer linguistics) and practi- Stuttgart AKAD Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH
cal linguistic computing (terminology (Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
Zwickau HS
administration, automated translation).
3.20 Visual Arts
Study Field Outline professional artists or for art education

professions, and to provide them with the
The visual arts are divided into two main requisite specialist knowledge, skills and
branches; fine art and applied art. Fine art methods in the fields of relevance to their
includes painting, glass, graphic art, sculp- later career. The curriculum and range of
ture (incl. all three-dimensional work such studies offered is consequently diverse.
as objects and installations) and perform-
ance. Applied art includes goldsmith and Studies in fine and applied art are gener-
silversmith art, ceramics, textile art, and ally pursued at colleges of art as well as at
stage design, although many areas over- some universities, and at one university of
lap and intersect with the field of graphic applied sciences. For details on the degree
design, media art, textile design, product programmes in architecture, interior
design, etc. In some cases, the transition design and design please refer to the rel-
to fine art is not clearly defined at all and evant sections.
is in flux.
Besides the requirement to hold a quali-
Degree programmes in the visual arts fication for admission to a university or a
aim to prepare students for careers as university of applied sciences, applicants

must also prove that they have special Art education programmes (at universities
talent or aptitude for the programme/ and universities of education) aim to train
subject in question and so are likely to teachers for art teaching positions at gene-
be able to complete their studies with ral education schools. The courses intend
success. The institutions have developed to convey an ability to design, analyse
their own selection or testing procedures and interpret works of fine art, and the
for establishing this talent or aptitude. design or creative environment or visual
Criteria for selection include a portfolio of media. Such programmes call for an equal
the students own artistic work, examina- amount of artistic talent and educational
tions and generally a selection interview. interest.
Given the limited availability of teaching
staff, the educational standards and the Over the years, the range of studies with
intensity of the training, the number of an art/design or art/technical curriculum
study places is limited. Applicants with has expanded in response to the differen-
outstanding artistic talent or aptitude may tiated range of career opportunities and
be exempted from the requirement to professions. The programmes in restora-
hold a university or university of applied tion and art therapy are of particular inter-
sciences entrance qualification. However, est; institutions have recently introduced
this ruling does not apply for programmes such programmes as a means of meeting
that end with the first state examination growing demand in these fields.
(Erstes Staatsexamen) as a teaching quali-
fication (Lehramt).
Studies at Universities, Colleges well as methods of artistic representation

of Art and Universities of Applied and principles of order. Later students
Sciences can choose a consolidation area, e.g. in
painting, graphic art, commercial art, or
Practical experience/internships: Bavaria sculpture. As studies progress, art his-
requires practical experience in a crafts tory, art theory and art technology aspects
trade, while other federal states (Lnder) and methodology theory plus individual
recommend this. working techniques become increasingly
important. The study of art for a teaching
Studies: Students begin with exercises degree generally requires students to take
and elementary artistic teaching in sub- a second school subject. They must also
jects like drawing, painting, plastic design study courses in education theory and in
(sculpture) and material studies. Courses the didactics and methodology (art and sci-
also teach arts and crafts techniques as ence) of teaching art.


Alanus HS (Alfter) Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin FHTW Berlin UdK Berlin-Weiensee
KHB Bielefeld U Braunschweig HBK Bremen HfK Bremen U Dresden HfBK
Dsseldorf KuAk Erfurt FH Erfurt U Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main HfBK Frankfurt
am Main U Gieen U Greifswald U Halle HfKuD Hamburg HfBK Hannover U
Hildesheim U Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Karlsruhe AkdBK
Kassel U Kiel KH Kiel U Koblenz FH (Hhr-Grenzhausen) Kln FH Leipzig HGB
Leipzig U Lneburg U Mainz U Mnchen AkdBK Mnchen TU Mnchen U
Mnster KuAk Nrnberg AkdBK Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Ottersberg FH
Potsdam FH Potsdam U Regensburg U Saar HBK (Saarbrcken) Schwbisch Hall FH
Stuttgart AkdBK Vechta H Weimar U Wuppertal U Wrzburg U

4 Law and Economics/Business Administration

4.1 Business Information Systems
Study Field Outline Business information systems specialists

are responsible for developing, designing
Graduates of business information sys- and operating commercial application
tems are qualified as system architects for systems that perform administrative tasks
corporate information systems. Besides (e.g. contract processing, procurement
the core contents of business computing, and purchasing, storage and material
studies encompass basic areas of business flow monitoring, cost calculating, payroll
administration and applied computer sci- processing, after-sales service), distribut-
ence plus the mathematical principles. ing tasks (production preparation and
Some universities offer business informa- control, production/work planning and
tion systems as part of a business admin- control, and other areas), marketing and
istration programme or as a specialisation sales (e-commerce), online customer
in a computer science programme. services and strategic services as human-
task-technology systems. Besides a broad
Business information systems are con- knowledge of business administration and
cerned with the structure, mode of management and the ability to develop
operation and design of computer-based applications systems, business informa-
corporate information and communication systems specialists must also have a
tions systems. Specialists in business knowledge of the design and structure of
information systems must be qualified to systems software, such as operating sys-
design systems, i.e. to develop systems by tems and databases, plus a knowledge of
analysing complex systems and developing local and global communications systems
computer application systems. and networks.
Studies at Universities and nication and collaboration systems, data-

Universities of Applied Sciences bases, data management and modelling,
software engineering, computer networks,
Practical training/experience: Students at application systems, information manage-
universities of applied sciences generally ment, internet economics, e-business,
complete integrated practical semesters. implementation of corporate application
systems (including project management).
Studies: Modules in fields of computer In the business administration section,
science including introductory courses on modules on principles, like financial
programming, data structures and algo- mathematics, accounting and auditing,
rithms, software engineering, computer investment and finance management,
structures, operating systems. In business controlling, cost and performance (double
information systems, modules in commu- entry) accounting, marketing, plus legal,

Law and Economics/Business Administration 115
economic and socio-scientific frameworks; modules on key qualifications (foreign lan-

quantitative methods, including business guages, management techniques, etc.).
mathematics, operational research, sto-
chastic theory, theory of decision-making. Some universities divide the studies into a
Plus study assignments and projects with basic and a main study stage.

Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) Ansbach FH Augsburg FH Augsburg U Bamberg U
Bergisch Gladbach FHDW Berlin FHTW Berlin FHW Berlin HU Bielefeld FH
Bielefeld FHDW Bielefeld FHM Bingen FH Bonn HSF Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Rheinbach,
Sankt Augustin) Brandenburg FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfsburg)
Braunschweig TU Bremerhaven H Brhl EUFH (Brhl) Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU
Coburg HS Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU Deggendorf FH Dortmund FH Dresden HTW
Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Erding FHAM Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Nrnberg) Essen FOM
(Berlin, Dortmund, Duisburg, Dsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Kln, Marl,
Mnchen, Neuss, Nrnberg, Siegen, Stuttgart) Esslingen HS (Gppingen) Flensburg FH
Frankfurt (Oder) U Frankfurt am Main FH Frankfurt School of Finance & Management
Fulda HS Furtwangen HS Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Friedberg) Gttingen FH priv. Gttingen U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Hannover FH Hannover FHDW Harz HS (Halberstadt, Wernigerode)
Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN Hildesheim U Hof FH Hohenheim U (Stuttgart)
Ilmenau TU Iserlohn BiTS Jena U Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrcken) Karlsruhe HS
Karlsruhe U Kiel FH Koblenz-Landau U (Koblenz) Kln FH (Gummersbach, Kln) Kln
RheinFH Kln U Konstanz HS Leipzig U Ludwigshafen FH Lneburg U Magdeburg U
Mainz FH Mannheim U Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnchen TU (Garching)
Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Neu-Ulm FH Niederrhein HS (Mnchengladbach)
Nordakademie FH (Elmshorn) Nrnberg HS Oestrich-Winkel EBS (Oestrich-Winkel,
Wiesbaden) Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven) Oldenburg U
Osnabrck FH (Lingen/Ems) Osnabrck U Paderborn FHDW Paderborn U Passau U
Pforzheim HS Pinneberg AKAD FH Provadis HS (Frankfurt am Main) Ravensburg-
Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Regensburg U Reutlingen HS Rostock PHU
Rostock U Saarbrcken U Schmalkalden FH Siegen U Stralsund FH Stuttgart AKAD
Stuttgart HdM Stuttgart HFT Stuttgart U Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Soest) Trier FH (Trier)
Trier U Ulm HS Wedel FH Wildau TFH Wismar HS Worms FH Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH
(Wrzburg) Wrzburg U

4.2 Commercial Law
Study Field Outline Training focuses on later practice in busi-

ness and industry. Studies aim to prepare
Commercial law fills the gap between the students for management positions and
conventional law and business adminis- specialised responsibilities in industrial
tration programmes and qualifies gradu- and commercial businesses, companies
ates for commercial law positions at the and associations. Graduates hold the
interface between legal and economic qualifications needed for processing even
questions. In-depth treatment of business- complex business matters from a legal and
relevant (commercial) law plus fundamen- business management perspective and for
tal business administration/management finding practical and practicable solutions.
contexts, whereby the arrangement of the
respective study contents differs from one
institution to the next.
Studies at Universities and intellectual property rights, building law

Universities of Applied Sciences and real estate management, administra-
tive law, corporate tax law, international
Basic study stage: Modules on the prin- commercial law, balance book accounting,
ciples and the application of law, com- competition and insolvency law. Students
mercial private law and administrative law, also do excursions, case studies and cross-
corporate/company law, tax law, European disciplinary modules like project planning,
law, public law, corporate accounting, business English, rhetoric and presenta-
general business administration and eco- tion techniques, team work.
nomics, business information systems and
business mathematics, statistics. Modules Not all institutions divide the studies into
on key qualifications, like business Eng- a basic and a main study stage.
lish, methodology of case studies, research
techniques.
Main study stage: Extension and con-

solidation studies, some involving core
study areas and specialisation. Modules
from a wide range of law and business
management fields; labour and industrial
law and human resources management,
trade and company law, media and tel-
ecommunications law, financial services,


Anhalt HS (Bernburg) Aschaffenburg FH Augsburg U Berlin FHTW Berlin FHVR Berlin
FHW Bielefeld FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfenbttel) Bremen HS Darmstadt
HS (Dieburg) Dresden TU Erlangen-Nrnberg U Essen FOM (Berlin, Dortmund, Duisburg,
Dsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Kln, Mnchen, Neuss, Nrnberg, Siegen,
Stuttgart) Frankfurt am Main FH Fulda HS Gelsenkirchen FH (Recklinghausen)
Greifswald U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg Euro-FH Hamburg HFH
Hamburg U Heidelberg HS Hof FH Idstein EFF Kassel U Kln EFF Kln FH Kln
RheinFH Lneburg U Mainz FH Mannheim U Mnster U Niederrhein HS
(Mnchengladbach) Nordhessen FH (Bad Sooden-Allendorf) Nrtingen HfWU (Geislingen,
Nrtingen) Oestrich-Winkel EBS (Oestrich-Winkel, Wiesbaden) Oldenburg U Osnabrck FH
Osnabrck U Pforzheim HS Potsdam U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Schmalkalden FH
Siegen U Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen) Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Westkste FHW (Heide)
Wiesbaden FH Wildau TFH Wismar HS
4.3 Economic Sciences
Study Field Outline information systems specialist often fall

under the umbrella of economics as well.
Degree programmes in economic science In some cases, the contents of these pro-
cover elements of business administration, grammes are also offered within self-con-
the study of individual companies from a tained economics programmes and then
microeconomic perspective (BWL), and lead to the below specified degrees.
economics, studies of the macroeconomic
context (VWL). Taken together, these are Regardless of whether university or uni-
also offered as joint degree programmes in versity of applied sciences studies, all eco-
economics and business administration. nomics science programmes offer interest-
Business education is considered part of ing links with other specialist fields, e.g.
this. All these programmes have largely tourism, media studies, computer science,
identical basic studies, so that students languages, etc. The key auxiliary sciences
of Diplom degree courses can, during the for economics include mathematics, statis-
pre-Diplom stage, generally change to any tics and data processing.
of the other courses without difficulty.
Only in the main study stage do the stud- The prime neighbouring disciplines are
ies often differ substantially. law, political science, sociology, and the
social sciences and humanities.
Programmes leading to qualification as an
industrial engineer, commercial lawyer,
business mathematician and business

Business administration ematics and, in particular, statistics play a

very important role in this respect as auxil-
Business administration is concerned with iary sciences.
the analysis, structure, and management
of a company as well as with its economic Economic science
development. Mathematical methods
record business indicators (raw materials, Economic science is often offered as a
operating funds, work processes, sales self-contained degree programme that
data etc.) and carry out economic efficien- attempts to lay a greater emphasis on
cy calculations and assessments to allow the (methodological) similarity between
rational and efficient corporate manage- business administration and political
ment concepts to be drawn up. economy. For example, corporate action
calls for both business administration
Business administration is divided into skills and the ability to recognise interre-
the fields of marketing, human resources, lationships and contexts within the scope
operational research, banking, controlling, of political economy. The main study stage
taxation, production, materials manage- in economics, however, allows students to
ment/logistics, and corporate manage- choose between extension and consolida-
ment. tion studies in either business administra-
tion or economics.
Business administration studies qualify
graduates for positions in business and so Business education
focus strongly on commercial and busi-
ness practice. Hence, holders of a com- Business education programmes cover
mercial or business orientated vocational economics and business administration
qualification enjoy advantages both in as well as educational and psychological
their studies and later in professional life. contents. Business education above all pre-
pares students for positions in which com-
Economics mercial and economic contents are taught
(e.g. for teachers at commercial colleges or
Economics deals with the analysis and vocational schools) and so is to be seen as
structure of the market in a specific soci- a teaching degree programme.
ety as well as with the relevant legislative
frameworks. It considers questions of
economic activities in private households
and companies and their dependency on
national and international frameworks,
plus the pricing and distribution of labour,
land and capital. It describes and analyses
the function of money, economic cycles,
employment, economic cycle policy and
growth policy plus foreign trade. Math-

Studies at Universities employment, market and competition,

growth and structure of an economy,
Practical training/experience: No pre- international economic relations, labour
study internship prescribed, but generally market and income distribution) and
recommended (in business administra- business administration (see above), one
tion). optional subject from the field of special
economic science (e.g. applied economic
Basic study stage: Majors for all econom- research, public finance and economics,
ics programmes: Business administration, international economic relations, social
economics, statistics, law, preparatory policy, structural policy, economic policy),
subjects: Company accounting, mathemat- two more optional subjects (e.g. auto-
ics, introduction to data processing and motive industry, corporate tax theory and
programming. Complementary subjects auditing, office and administrative auto-
include administrative sciences, social and mation, European management, financial
labour (industrial) law, sociology, political management, industrial application sys-
science. The pre-Diplom examination cov- tems, logistics and logistical information
ers business administration, economics, systems, ergonomics, demographics,
private and public law, plus statistics. This urban studies and social planning, admin-
applies to all economics programmes. In istrative sciences, business and organisa-
the field of business education, the basic tional psychology).
study stage also covers education science
and educational psychology. Economic science
Business administration Main study stage: Extension and con-

solidation studies in economics, busi-
Main study stage: Two business admin- ness administration plus three optional
istration fields (one general, one con- subjects, two of which may be chosen
solidation field), subjects like corporate from economics (e.g. empirical economic
management, company accounting, research/econometrics, resources and
corporate planning, production and mate- environmental economics, microeconom-
rials management, controlling, banking, ics and mesoeconomics, macroeconomics,
taxation, marketing, sales management, public finance, regional economics, etc.)
human resources management, opera- and up to two subjects from business
tional research, etc., plus industry-related administration (e.g. sales and purchas-
business administration. Students study ing marketing, production management,
individual economics subjects plus two financial management and bank manage-
electives. ment, human resources management,
accounting and auditing, corporate envi-
Economics ronmental policy). One subject may be
chosen from the other optional subjects.
Main study stage: Core subjects of (gen-
eral) economics (e.g. economic cycles and

Business education economics, sociology, public law, civil law,

commercial law, employment and indus-
Main study stage: Extension and con- trial law, tax law or statistics or another
solidation studies in education science, subject (e.g. languages) as a double option-
business administration, economics, plus al subject.
an optional from business administration,

Aachen TH Alanus HS (Alfter) Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin ESCP-EAP
Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin SHB Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U
Bremen U Bruchsal IU Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Ingolstadt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U Flensburg U Frankfurt (Oder) U Frankfurt
am Main U Frankfurt School of Finance & Management Freiberg TUBergAk Freiburg U
Friedrichshafen ZU Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Hagen FernU Halle-
Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hamburg UBw Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U
Hohenheim U (Hohenheim, Stuttgart) Ilmenau TU Jena U Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U
Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln DSHS Kln U Konstanz U Lahr WHL
Leipzig HandelsH Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mainz U Mannheim Pop-
Akad.BW Mannheim U Marburg U Mnchen TU (Freising, Mnchen) Mnchen U
Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Oestrich-Winkel EBS (Oestrich-Winkel, Wiesbaden)
Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U
Rostock PHU Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U
Ulm U Vallendar WHU (Vallendar) Witten/Herdecke U (Witten) Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Zittau IHI
Studies at Universities of Applied who have attended two years of vocational

Sciences college in the appropriate subject are not
required to complete a pre-study intern-
Practical training/experience: Require- ship.
ments regarding pre-study internships
differ from one federal state and one Business administration
higher education institution to the next;
some require no pre-study internships, Basic study stage: Introduction to busi-
(e.g. Baden-Wrttemberg), although stu- ness administration, general business
dents are generally required to complete administration, procurement and purchas-
between 6 weeks to 6 months of practical ing policy, human resources management,
training. The following essentially applies: principles of finance, accounting, market-
Holders of a recognised vocational qualifi- ing, principles of corporate accounting,
cation in commerce and management or organisational theory, applied computing,

logic of data processing, principles and competition, empirical economic research,

applications of automated data processing, including statistical methods. Business
mathematics and statistics, economics, administration modules give an introduc-
law, foreign languages (especially business tion to the subject and cover added value
English, Spanish, French); principles of and financing processes, customer and
technology and engineering, principles of supplier processes, economic and busi-
bookkeeping. ness processes, including business and
politics. Plus mathematics, bookkeeping
Main study stage: General business and key qualifications (intercultural com-
administration, general economics, a spe- munication, self-management and project
cial business administration field, plus two management).
optional subjects, e.g. sales management,
production management, financial man- Main study stage: Practical extension and
agement, accounting and taxation (annual consolidation in the above subjects plus
accounts, cost and performance calcula- real project work, complemented by topics
tion (double entry accounting), tax theory), like global economy, financial markets,
operational research, instruments of empirical analyses, application training/
corporate management (human resources business start-ups. Profile creation by
management, labour, employment and specialising in fields like international
industrial law, planning and decision- economic and trade relations, European
making techniques, controlling). integration and regional economics or
macrologistics (transport economics).
Economics
The division into a basic and a main study
Basic study stage: Modules include the stage is not found at all universities of
principles of economics, such as microeco- applied sciences.
nomics and macroeconomics, market and


Aachen FH Aalen HS Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS Amberg-Weiden FH (Weiden) Anhalt HS
(Bernburg) Ansbach FH Aschaffenburg FH Augsburg FH Bad Homburg HS (Bad
Homburg) Bad Honnef FH Bergisch Gladbach FHDW Berlin bbw Berlin BEST-Sabel-FH
Berlin FHTW Berlin FHVR Berlin FHW Berlin H:G Berlin IBS Berlin ifh Berlin SRH
Berlin TC Berlin TFH Biberach HS Bielefeld FH Bielefeld FHDW Bielefeld FHM
Bochum HS Bonn HSF Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Hennef, Rheinbach, Sankt Augustin)
Brandenburg FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Salzgitter, Wolfenbttel, Wolfsburg)
Bremen APOLLON HS Bremen HS Bremerhaven H Brhl EUFH (Brhl) Calw HS
Coburg HS Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) Deggendorf FH Dortmund FH Dortmund
ISM (Dortmund, Frankfurt am Main) Dresden FHDW Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH
Eberswalde FH Erding FHAM Erfurt Adam Ries FH Erfurt FH Essen FOM Esslingen HS
Flensburg FH Frankfurt am Main FH Freiburg KathFHS Fulda HS Furtwangen HS
(Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen) Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-
Friedberg FH (Gieen, Wetzlar) Gttingen FH priv. Gstrow BC (Gstrow, Schwerin)
Gtersloh FHDW Hamburg Euro-FH Hamburg HFH Hamburg HAW Hamburg HSBA
Hannover FH Hannover FHDW (Celle, Hannover) Harz HS (Halberstadt, Wernigerode)
Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN (Heilbronn, Knzelsau) Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen
HAWK (Gttingen) Hochschule21 (Buxtehude) Hof FH Idstein EFF Ingolstadt FH
Iserlohn BiTS Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrcken) Karlsruhe HS Karlsruhe
Merkur int. FH Kempten FH Kiel FH Koblenz FH (Koblenz, Remagen) Kln EFF Kln FH
Kln RheinFH Konstanz HS Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) Leipzig AKAD
Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Lbeck FH Ludwigshafen FH Magdeburg-
Stendal FH (Stendal) Mainz FH Merseburg FH Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnchen
MBS Mnster FH Neu-Ulm FH Niederrhein HS (Krefeld, Mnchengladbach)
Nordakademie FH (Elmshorn) Nordhausen FH Nordhessen FH (Bad Sooden-Allendorf)
Nrnberg HS Nrtingen HfWU (Geislingen, Nrtingen) Offenburg HS (Gengenbach, Offenburg)
Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH
Paderborn FHDW Pforzheim HS Pinneberg AKAD FH Provadis HS (Frankfurt am Main)
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Reutlingen HS Riedlingen FernFH
Rosenheim FH Saarland HTW Schmalkalden FH Stralsund FH Stuttgart AKAD
Stuttgart HdM Stuttgart HFT Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Meschede) Trier FH (Birkenfeld,
Trier) Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Vechta) Wedel FH Westkste FHW (Heide) Wiesbaden FH
Wildau TFH Wismar HS Worms FH Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS
Zwickau HS

4.4 Law
Study Field Outline To formally qualify as a judge or as public

prosecutor, candidates must still graduate
Law is the scientific study of the applica- successfully with the second state exami-
ble law (de lege lata), its systematic and nation after two years of preparatory, pro-
terminological comprehension and inter- fessional training. This is also the prereq-
pretation as well as the study of its history uisite for practising law and working as a
and its relationship with other fields, such notary public, and for judicial applicants
as politics, social structure, business and seeking higher administrative positions
industry. Lawyers (barristers/solicitors/ in the civil service (with the exception of
attorneys) act in the often quite abstract- the Federal Foreign Office). This quali-
formal thought patterns of the normative fication is also generally held by lawyers
legal code as well as in the constantly wishing to work in business and industry.
changing facts and reality of everyday life; Some institutions, however, also have law
they must take both aspects into account. programmes that end with a Bachelors
degree. However, this degree neither
Based on the Federal Act to Reform the qualifies the holder for admission to the
Study of Law of 11 July 2002 and the professional practical training phase nor
corresponding state acts, the training qualifies for the office of judge.
and examination curricula as well as
the examinations regulations were thor- In accordance with Article 5a of the Ger-
oughly modernised. While maintaining man Law on the Judiciary (Deutsches
the two-stage legal training structure and Richtergesetz), studies last 4 years; this
the uniformity of professional qualifica- may be reduced, if the applicant can prove
tion for all lawyers, the reforms aimed to that the academic achievements required
improve the preparation of young lawyers for admission to the university examina-
for the changing professional require- tion in the major subject and to the state
ments and, in particular, for the practice examination in the required subject have
of law. been met.
Studies at Universities the main stage with a first Staatsexamen

(state examination) that encompasses a uni-
Studies: The study of law is divided into versity examination in the core study area
two sections. The first section involves a and a state examination in the compulsory
law programme and is studied at a uni- subject. After completing this stage, stu-
versity. The basic studies last three to four dents engage in a two-year phase of profes-
semesters and end with an intermediate sional practical training that ends with the
examination. Students then graduate from second Staatsexamen for full qualification.

Studies cover compulsory subjects in the The Bachelors programme not only deliv-
core areas of civil law, criminal law, public ers legal content, but also has so-called
law and procedural law, including aspects general studies modules, such as foreign
of European law, legal methodology and languages, communication and team skills
the philosophical, historical and social plus economics and business adminis-
principles. Students can also specialise tration. Internships at home and abroad
through optional modules that serve to provide students with an impression of
complement the studies and consolidate the application of the law in practice and
the obligatory fields as well as delivering round the Bachelors programme off.
the interdisciplinary and international Some universities offer Masters pro-
frames of reference of law. Examples grammes for foreign students.
may include international, European
and foreign private and procedural law,
employment and insurance law, law of Programmes in this field
the information society, corporate law, Augsburg U Bayreuth U Berlin FHVR
German and international criminal jus- Berlin FU Berlin HU Bielefeld U
tice and criminology. The curriculum Bochum U Bonn U Bremen U
takes into account the practice of judicial, Dresden TU Dsseldorf U Erfurt U
administrative and legal counselling, Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt
including the required key qualifications, (Oder) U Frankfurt am Main U
such as negotiation management, lead Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U
negotiation skills, rhetoric, dispute arbitra-
Hamburg BLS Hamburg U Hannover U
tion and communication skills. Language
Heidelberg U Jena U Kiel U Kln U
courses for lawyers or courses taught in Konstanz U Leipzig U Mainz U
other languages enable students to acquire Mannheim U Marburg U Mnchen U
subject-specific foreign language skills. Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U
Pre-sessional, practical study sections (of Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U
at least three months) aim to provide early Rostock PHU Rostock U Saarbrcken U
insight into the legal profession. These Trier U Tbingen U Wrzburg U
can be completed at home or abroad.
4.5 Transportation and Logistics
Study Field Outline tion, realisation and control of all internal

and overarching goods and information
Logistics means much more than merely flows. Within a manifold structured and
transporting, shipping, handling or stor- ever more internationally organised added
ing goods. Today, company logistics cover value process in production and services,
holistic planning, regulation, coordina- logistics take on a kind of coordinat-

ing role, ensuring that the networking Given this background, the transformation
between companies works as planned of logistics into a horizontal and cross-
and that everything proceeds smoothly sectional discipline of corporate strategic
without any standstills. Logistics not only significance and the associated logistic
combine individual, company functions to requirement profiles have seen increas-
produce process chains, but also integrate ingly independent logistics degree pro-
processes from raw material procurement grammes being established at universities
through to the sale to end users across and universities of applied sciences over
companies and enterprises, forming added recent years. They offer an interdiscipli-
value chains (supply chain management) nary, practice-orientated training for the
or taking these to create global networks. cross-sectional role that logistics perform
Purchasing, production, distribution and in many companies. In most cases, con-
transport logistics as well as knowledge solidation in economic or (information)
management are important subfields that technology fields is possible. Given the
flow into all process chains and cycles. appropriate core study areas and speciali-
Waste disposal and recycling also play a sations, degree programmes like busi-
role. In short, logistics are responsible for ness management, engineering subjects,
ensuring the availability of the right goods computer science/business information
in the right volumes in the right state at systems or industrial engineering deliver
the right place at the right time for the qualifications for work in this field.
right customers at the right price.
Studies at Universities and planning, production planning and man-

Universities of Applied Sciences agement), information technology, distri-
bution management, transport and traffic,
Practical training/experience: Depending logistic management (corporate planning,
on the school/vocational qualifications, logistic controlling), international logistics,
a pre-study internship of several weeks supply chain management, law. In addi-
is recommended or required. Students tion, students complete industrial place-
complete study-integrated industrial ments and internships, go on excursions
internships/practical semesters during the and produce project assignments (includ-
studies. ing abroad) as well as acquiring soft skills:
team and staff leadership skills, foreign
Studies: The modular curriculum cov- languages, knowledge management and
ers technical and economic aspects that presentation techniques.
may be weighted differently from one
institution to the next. Studies include the
mathematical, scientific and engineering
principles and methods, business manage-
ment, production logistics (material flow


Bad Honnef FH Berlin FHW Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Salzgitter) Bremen HS
Bremen Jacobs University Bremerhaven H Brhl EUFH (Brhl) Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Erfurt FH Frankfurt am Main FH
Gelsenkirchen FH (Recklinghausen) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg) Hamburg HAW
Hamburg HSBA Hamburg UBw Hamm FH Heilbronn HHN Hof FH Kaiserslautern FH
(Pirmasens) Koblenz FH (Remagen) Kln FH Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo)
Ludwigshafen FH Magdeburg U Mnchen HS Mnster FH Neu-Ulm FH Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Elsfleth) Pforzheim HS Reutlingen HS Saarland HTW
Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Ulm HS Wildau TFH

5 Mathematics, Natural Sciences

5.1 Biochemistry
Study Field Outline or to develop novel therapies and treat-

ments specifically tailor-made to meet
Biochemistry (also biological chemistry or patient needs and requirements.
physiological chemistry) studies the life
forms of organisms at molecular level with Great importance attaches to studies on
chemical and physicochemical methods. It catalytic functions, on enzymes (enzymol-
examines the molecular structure and the ogy), and on molecular messengers, on
chemical and physicochemical processes ribo- and deoxyribonucleic acids (molecu-
taking place both in plant and animal cells lar genetics, genetic engineering, genetic
as well as in bacterial cells, and analyses surgery). These investigations are of great
how these are controlled and organised. significance to various fields of biology,
This primarily means metabolism the chemistry, medicine and physics, and
breakdown and conversion of nutrients to especially biotechnology.
produce chemical energy and build up the
cells own substances. Biochemistry can be studied in various
ways. Some universities offer biochemis-
On the one hand, molecular biotechnol- try in independent degree programmes.
ogy aims to explain and understand the While at other institutions, biochemistry is
molecular interactions and contexts of offered as a core study area or major from
biological processes and, on the other, to the field of chemistry or biology. Degree
use the acquired knowledge and insights programmes in human biology also have
in practice and applications. This involves a biochemical focus. Biochemistry addi-
developing new processes to extract or tionally serves as a basic subject for other
produce active agents, to develop new ana- degree programmes, like pharmacy, food
lytical and diagnostic methods for use in chemistry or nutritional science.
medicine, the environment and research,
Studies at Universities and information systems, molecular biology

Universities of Applied Sciences and technology of microorganisms, devel-
opmental biology. Consolidation studies
Studies: Basic science modules include with an introduction to biophysical chem-
organic, inorganic, analytical and physical istry, genetics/genetic engineering and to
chemistry, biochemistry, mathematics and biochemical methods, plus various labora-
physics for natural scientists, biochem- tory and research internships and practi-
istry and physiology of plants (flora) and cal courses. Subsidiary subjects (minors),
animals (fauna), microbiology, general and optional or specialisation modules
genetics, fundamentals of biological generally enable students to create their

Mathematics, Natural Sciences 129
own individual profiles. Complementary Some higher education institutions also

modules include technical English, for divide the Bachelors programme into a
example. basic and a main study stage.

Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U Bremen Jacobs
University Bremen U Bremerhaven H Dortmund TU Dresden TU Dsseldorf U
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg U Jena U
Kiel U Leipzig U Lbeck U Mannheim HS Marburg U Mnchen TU (Freising, Garching)
Mnchen U Mnster U Nrnberg HS Regensburg U Tbingen U Ulm U Witten/
Herdecke U (Witten) Wrzburg U
5.2 Biology
Study Field Outline characteristics and functions of cells; phys-

iology, which studies the biochemical and
Biology is the science of animate nature biophysical functions and capacities (e.g.
(life). It describes and investigates the metabolism, intercellular communica-
various life forms of living organisms, tion); molecular biology, which treats the
their life expressions and how they relate molecular structure of organic substances
to each other. Biology is divided into four and especially the chemistry and modus
main branches based on the nature of operandi of genetic factors (genes) and
the organisms: botany (study of the plant proteins.
kingdom), zoology (study of the animal
kingdom), microbiology (study of micro- These fields are closely linked to related
organisms) and anthropology (study of the disciplines like biochemistry, biophysics
comparative biology of humans under spa- and medicine. Other branches include
tial and temporal aspects, and the relation- ethology (animal behaviour), evolution
ship to primates); human biology focuses (development of species), and ecology
more on physicochemical aspects. Besides (interaction and relationships between
these traditional branches, many subdivi- organisms and the environment). The
sions have developed over time which human impact on the environment is
deal with the processes and laws common examined particularly by geoecology,
to all groups of organisms (biosciences/ where the geosciences and chemistry,
life sciences). These include cytology (cell plus biology, physics and mathematics,
biology), which deals with the structure, play an important role.

Other biosciences or life sciences have several higher education institutions intro-
become increasingly important, since their duced degree programmes in biological
applications-focused approach to problems information systems (biocomputing or
is contributing decisively to structuring bioinformatics). The biosciences (also life
our future conditions of life itself. For sciences) are mainly experimental natural
example, biotechnology is concerned with sciences and their mode of thinking and
researching and developing the technolog- working has been shaped by the neigh-
ical measures that will make it possible to bouring sciences, namely chemistry, phys-
use living cells and is producing industrial ics and mathematics. In their overlapping
applications for these. Genetic engineer- areas, subjects like biochemistry, biophys-
ing assists here by means of the controlled ics and biomathematics have evolved as
and specific modification of genetic mate- independent scientific fields.
rial (mainly in micro-organisms).
In numerous other degree programmes,

too, biology is found as a basic science,
e.g. in medicine, pharmacy, agricultural
science or dietetics (nutrition science).
Increasingly, the field of computer science
and information systems is also address-
ing biological problem fields, hence,
Studies at Universities and in fields like molecular biology/cell biol-

Universities of Applied Sciences ogy, biochemistry/biophysics, biological
information systems/biocomputing (bio-
Studies: Basic biological training in mod- informatics), biotechnology, biodiversity/
ules on topics like cell and molecular biol- ecology, parasitology/virology, physiology,
ogy, botany and botanic systematology, neurobiology and developmental biology,
zoology, biochemical and biophysical prin- environmental sciences.
ciples, neurobiology, microbiology, cell
biology, genetics, biodiversity of the ani- Studies may be divided into a basic and a
mal and plant kingdom, ecology, evolution main study stage.
and systematology of animals and plants,
morphology, developmental biology, phys-
iology and biochemistry of plants, behav-
ioural biology. Natural sciences training
in the neighbouring life sciences subjects
of mathematics, physics and chemistry.
opportunities are available for specialising


Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bingen FH
Bochum U Bonn U Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Rheinbach) Braunschweig TU Bremen HS
Bremen Jabobs University Bremen U Bremerhaven H Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU
Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U Dsseldorf U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen)
Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gelsenkirchen FH (Recklinghausen)
Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover MHH
Hannover TiHo Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Hohenheim U (Stuttgart)
Jena U Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U
Konstanz U Leipzig U Lbeck U Magdeburg U Mainz U (Germersheim, Mainz)
Marburg U Mnchen TU (Freising, Mnchen) Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U
Osnabrck U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Stuttgart U
Trier U Tbingen U Ulm U Vechta H Weihenstephan FH (Freising) Wrzburg U
Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
5.3 Biotechnology, Bioengineering
Study Field Outline contents (enzymes, etc.), cellular products

(alcohol, citric acid, antibiotics, etc.) as
Biotechnology is seen as one of the key well as for the degradation of pollutants
technologies of our age. Biotechnological (sewage treatment plants). The advent of
processes have long been in use, for exam- genetic engineering, in particular, has
ple in the production of yeast for baking turned biotechnology into one of the key
and brewing, in antibiotics and insulin as technologies of the future for farming and
well as in the use of micro-organisms in agriculture, the food industry, medicine,
sewage treatment plants. Following rapid pharmacy, energy and power manage-
growth in the number of biotech compa- ment, and environmental protection.
nies that have been established in recent
years, Germany now counts some 480 Hence, it is an interdisciplinary work field
purely biotech focused companies, thereby that has long created a demand for special-
leading the way in Europe. ly-qualified biotech all-rounders who unite
a range of specialist skills and expertise.
Biotechnology focuses particularly on the
study of biological systems, especially This demand is now being met by many
micro-organisms, with a view to devel- relatively new biotechnology or bioengi-
oping technical processes and methods neering degree programmes. These unite
for the industrial production of cell and specialist knowledge from the fields of
tissue cultures (e.g. biomass), cellular biology, biochemistry and chemistry with

the methods and techniques of engineer- on an industrial scale by applying modern

ing. On the one hand, courses focus on processes, methods and techniques, there-
genetics, molecular biology and microbiol- by developing practical uses for these find-
ogy, and on process engineering, chemical ings and insights. The interdisciplinarity
engineering and environmental engineer- of these programmes is mirrored by their
ing, on the other. This calls for students internationality. Some institutions offer
to have a broad-based interest in technical biotechnology degree programmes with an
and scientific contexts. They learn how to international focus or integrated semesters
apply their scientific-theoretical knowledge abroad.
to technical contexts or to implement the
findings of pure biotechnological research
Studies at Universities and and take modules from the fields of tech-
Universities of Applied Sciences nical chemistry (chemical engineering),
chemical and biological reactors, instru-
Practical experience/internships: Univer- ment and plant engineering, immune
sities require students to complete a basic chemistry, bioprocess engineering/reactor
internship of varying length, although engineering, fermentation and process-
in most cases this does not need to be ing, enzyme technology, environmental
completed before they start their studies. biochemistry, bioprocess engineering/
Depending on their school/vocational pharmaceuticals, metabolic physiology
qualifications, students at universities of and ecology of micro-organisms, techni-
applied sciences generally need to com- cal biochemistry and microbiology/bio-
plete a pre-study internship of several chemical engineering and microbiology,
weeks; practical phases of varying length microbes and molecular genetics, anatomy
are completed during the studies. and physiology, organ diseases and treat-
ment/therapy, clinical testing of drugs,
Studies: In the first (undergraduate) study cell culture engineering, legal principles of
sections, modules deliver the natural sci- biotechnology, industrial hygiene, quality
ences, mathematical and subject specific assurance; internships and project work.
principles in mathematics, chemistry Optional modules enable students to indi-
(inorganic, organic, physical chemistry), vidually consolidate or specialise in their
physics, process engineering, microbi- studies.
ology, genetics, molecular cell biology
and biotechnology, statistics, biological Studies may be divided into a basic and a
information systems (biocomputing/ main study stage.
bioinformatics). Students can also acquire
cross-disciplinary key qualifications. As
studies progress, students consolidate
their knowledge in the relevant principles


Aachen FH (Jlich) Aachen TH Aalen HS Anhalt HS (Kthen) Bayreuth U Berlin TFH
Berlin TU Biberach HS Bielefeld FH Bielefeld U Bingen FH Bonn U Braunschweig TU
Bremen HS Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U Bremerhaven H Darmstadt HS
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Esslingen HS Flensburg FH
Frankfurt am Main FH Freiburg U Furtwangen HS (Villingen-Schwenningen) Gelsenkirchen
FH (Recklinghausen) Gieen U Gieen-Friedberg FH (Gieen) Hamburg HAW Hamburg U
Hamburg-Harburg TU Hannover U Heidelberg U Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Jena FH
Kaiserslautern FH (Pirmasens, Zweibrcken) Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Lausitz FH
(Senftenberg) Lippe und Hxter FH (Detmold, Lemgo) Lbeck U Magdeburg U
Mannheim HS Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnchen TU (Freising) Mnster U
Neubrandenburg HS Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) Rostock U Rottenburg HS Stuttgart U Sdwestfalen FH
(Iserlohn) Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Weihenstephan FH (Freising) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim)
Wildau TFH Wrzburg U Zittau IHI Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
5.4 Chemistry, Food Chemistry
Study Field Outline from mathematics and physics. This field

is closely related to theoretical chemistry,
Chemistry is the natural science that stud- which deals with the theory of chemical
ies the structure, properties, composition bonding, and the explanation and under-
and the nuclear transmutation of sub- standing of chemical processes resulting
stances. In chemical terms, substances are from the interaction between different
the elements and the compounds made up substances and the transfer of electrons or
of these. Qualitative and quantitative anal- processes to reaction surfaces. Analytical
ysis provides the knowledge and insights chemistry is also an important branch of
needed for the production (synthesis) of chemistry. This examines the chemical
new, not naturally occurring substances. compounds and compound mixes on the
The main branches of chemistry are inor- basis of the type and volume of their com-
ganic chemistry, which deals with all the ponents. Growing significance attaches
elements and their compounds, except to macromolecular chemistry (polymeric
for carbon, and organic chemistry, which chemistry), which deals with the synthesis
studies the carbon (organic) compounds, of new plastics.
which are in the numerical majority. Phys-
ical chemistry addresses the principles of Applied chemistry opens up the use of
chemistry, such as bonding theory, ther- chemical knowledge for many areas of
modynamics, kinetics and complex forma- human life. This involves developing
tion, and is based on methods originating methods for the large-scale production

of plastics and man-made fibres, mineral of detecting and identifying false products
fertilisers, or pesticides. Applied chemistry (forgeries and fakes); this field also stud-
overlaps and intersects with process engi- ies numerous additives, tobacco products
neering/chemical engineering in many and cosmetics. Finally, it also covers con-
areas. Further branches of chemistry sumer articles like food packaging, cloth-
include, for example, biochemistry that ing items, toys, domestic cleaning agents,
provides a bridge from organic chemistry household deodorants and insecticides
to biology and is being offered in inde- in domestic residences. Food chemistry
pendent degree programmes at ever more should not be confused with food technol-
institutions, to geochemistry that concerns ogy, which involves technical procedures
itself with the chemistry of the soil, the for the production and processing of food-
Earth surface, etc. and thereby has links stuffs, or with dietetics (nutrition science),
with the geosciences/Earth sciences, and which is devoted to the study of human
agricultural chemistry which has points nutrition from physiological, economic
of contact with the agricultural sciences. and other perspectives. Independent uni-
Pharmaceutical chemistry forms the link versity degree programmes in food chem-
to pharmacy. A new branch is to be seen istry end with a state examination and
in ecochemistry, which develops methods are governed by the education and exami-
for detecting and identifying environmen- nation regulations of the federal states
tal chemicals in ecosystems and provides (Lnder). Besides these options, food
a basis for evaluating chemical environ- chemistry may also be studied as a major
mental risks. Other subject areas include within degree programmes in chemistry
building chemistry, nuclear chemistry, or pharmacy.
electrical chemistry, textile or detergent
chemistry. While university studies concentrate
primarily on the scientific principles and
Business chemistry serves as an interface methods of chemistry and their applica-
between chemistry and business. The tions in the chemical industry, the more
degree programme offers a profession- engineering-focused degree programmes
orientated combination of studies in in chemistry offered at universities of
natural sciences and business adminis- applied sciences aim to provide graduates
tration. These interdisciplinary degree with the qualifications needed for work-
programmes qualify graduates for a wide ing independently in laboratories as well
range of different career fields in the as in industrial production and operations
chemical and pharmaceutical industry as sectors.
well as in consultancy companies.
Food chemistry deals with the chemistry

of foods and their composition in terms of
ingredients, with changes caused by stor-
age and processing, and methods of ana-
lysing and testing purity and quality and

Studies at Universities chemistry and theoretical chemistry, toxi-

cology, spectroscopic methods, safety and
Practical experience/internships: security, law. Majors and specialisations
Students of food chemistry not only need may be chosen in accordance with the
to attend special lectures and complete students special interests, e.g. in theo-
special internships during their studies, retical chemistry, biochemistry, quality
but must also complete 12 months of prac- assurance, radiochemistry, environmental
tical training in a chemistry or food chem- or water chemistry or from the teaching
istry testing institute after passing the first offered by other departments, such as
state examination. materials research, structural biology, toxi-
cology or chemical information. Cross-dis-
Studies: Modules deliver the mathemati- ciplinary modules cover topics like ethics,
cal and natural sciences principles of foreign languages, business management,
chemistry in subjects like general, organic, patent law.
inorganic, and physical chemistry, analyti-
cal chemistry, biological chemistry, plus The food chemistry degree programme
mathematics and physics for chemical sci- has a strong analytical orientation and also
entists, technical chemistry/engineering considers biological and microbiological
chemistry, biochemistry, macromolecular methods as well as aspects of food law.

Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U
Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U Chemnitz TU
Clausthal TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U Dsseldorf U
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U Freiberg TUBergAk
Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover U
Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Jena U Kaiserslautern TU
Karlsruhe U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U
Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen TU (Garching) Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U
Osnabrck U Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U
Siegen U Stuttgart U Tbingen U Ulm U Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Studies at Universities of Applied Studies: Modules in the subjects math-

Sciences ematics/applied mathematics and statis-
tics, physics, physical chemistry, general,
Practical experience/internships: No pre- analytical, organic and inorganic chem-
study internships usually required. Practi- istry, technical chemistry/engineering
cal phases of varying length are completed chemistry, polymer chemistry and bio-
during the studies. chemistry, synthetics, plastics and man-

made/artificial/synthetic materials, analy- nical documentation, business manage-

sis engineering, fluid mechanics/fluidics, ment.
instrumental analytics, mechanical and
thermal process engineering, process Studies may be divided into a basic and a
simulation, plant planning, instrumental main study stage.
and control engineering. Students can
build their own profiles through numer-
ous elective modules or majors/core
study areas in fields like environmental Aachen FH (Jlich) Aalen HS Berlin TFH
chemistry/environmental technology, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Rheinbach)
plant engineering, chemical/biological Esslingen HS Gelsenkirchen FH
process engineering and processes, food (Recklinghausen) Idstein EFF Isny NTA
and consumer protection, nuclear chem- Lippe und Hxter FH (Detmold, Lemgo)
Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) Nrnberg HS
istry. Complementary modules include
Reutlingen HS Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
technical English, presentation and tech-
5.5 Computer Science
Study Field Outline concrete technical implementations of

information processing systems and also
Computer science is the discipline, tech- beyond the special features of specific
nology and application of automated/ applications to formulate generally appli-
machine data and information processing, cable laws. Building on this, computer
storage and transmission, in particular science develops standard solutions for
aided by computers. Computer science is various practical uses, such as managing
closely related to mathematics and electri- large volumes of data and information
cal engineering/electronics, but is also to and controlling complex production proc-
be regarded as a basic and cross-sectional esses.
discipline that concerns itself with techni-
cal, organisational and social problems in Computer science has been offered as an
the development and application of infor- academic discipline in Germany since the
mation processing systems. end of the 1960s. In the university sector,
degree courses are usually called Infor-
Computer science studies the fundamen- matik (computer science / information
tal procedures of information processing systems), in which the content, especially
and the general methods of applying such in the early semesters, is taught without
procedures to a wide range of different consideration of the special orientations.
areas. Through abstraction and model- Consolidation in the classical branches
ling it extends both beyond the field of

theoretical computer science, media information systems, media

practical computer science, computing or computer visualisation,
technical computer science / technical medical information systems, medical
information systems, computer science,
applied computer science / applied biological information systems, bio-
information systems computing,
geo information systems (GIS), geo-
generally follow in the more advanced informatics,
study stages. Beyond these disciplines, computer linguistics,
computer science programmes nowadays applied systems science, combined with
always address the problem fields of arti- mathematics plus an applied subject
ficial intelligence, automated theorem related, for example, to mathematical
proving, expert systems, linguistic and models for the field of environmental
visual communication as well as robotics. protection/ecology.
Similarly, it has become practically incon-
ceivable for a degree programme in com- The study of computer science focuses cen-
puting not to offer studies in complemen- trally on providing a training that enables
tary areas, in minor, core study areas or students to develop models for describing
specialisation to provide insights into the complex systems, to correctly identify the key
problems and requirements of a selected factors of influence, to systematically find
field of application. algorithmic solutions for detailed problems,
and to produce or create practical, ready-to-use
And so universities also offer special applied systems. This not only calls for good
degree programmes in which the applied analytical skills and a well-founded knowl-
focus and computer science are closely edge of high-performance programming
combined in an integrated degree pro- methods, but also for a broad foundation of
gramme as has become common practice concepts, models and methods from the fields
at the universities of applied sciences with of mathematics, logic and computer science
their extensive focus on applications and theory plus a basic understanding of the logi-
practice. The degree programmes in cal and technical structure and architecture
of computers. In general, university studies
software engineering, concentrate on finding fundamental solutions
technical computer science / technical and general methods as well as on developing
information systems, new procedures and applications. By contrast,
business computing / business infor- studies at universities of applied sciences
mation systems aim to apply scientifically-proven methods
and general procedures to solving concrete
are found at both types of higher educa- practical problems and to improving standard
tion institutions. Besides these fields, engineering solutions. The extremely high
other study opportunities are also offered pace of innovation in IT makes it necessary to
with a greater focus on a particular field of constantly update and adjust the knowledge
application, such as and insights and to specialise more.

Studies at Universities mechanical engineering, business manage-

ment, linguistics, economics and business
Studies: Early semesters focus on modules administration, for example with applied
in the core areas of computer science and focuses like software engineering, com-
on the mathematical principles, including munications technology, image processing,
analysis, linear algebra, logic, principle of database systems, signal processing, simu-
stochastic and statistical methods, algo- lation, parallel and distributed systems,
rithms and data structures, programme medical information systems, robotics and
and software engineering, technical com- process information systems, scientific
puting/technical information systems, computing, etc. The choice of minors and
operating systems and networks, databas- majors may differ from one institution to
es, computer architecture, operating sys- the next. Additional software internships,
tems, theoretical computer science/compu- project assignments and theses (including
ter science theory. This stage is followed by an industrial internship/work placement)
consolidation studies and profile-building plus cross-disciplinary courses like team
through specialisation and the selection management, English, presentation tech-
of minors or subsidiaries, such as phys- niques, starting up and managing software
ics, mathematics, biosciences, medicine, companies.

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU
Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University
Bremen U Bruchsal IU Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U Dsseldorf U Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiberg TUBergAk Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hamburg-Harburg TU
Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Ilmenau TU Jena U Kaiserslautern TU
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U (Koblenz) Kln U Konstanz U
Leipzig U Lbeck U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mainz U Mannheim U Marburg U
Mnchen TU (Garching) Mnchen U Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Oldenburg U
Osnabrck U Paderborn U Passau U Potsdam U Rostock U Saarbrcken U
Siegen U Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Ulm U Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Studies at Universities of Applied weeks. Practical phases of varying length

Sciences are completed during the studies.
Practical experience/internships: Depend- Studies: Modules on the mathematical,

ing on the school/vocational qualifica- physical and technical principles: Intro-
tions, students are generally required to duction to computer science, theoretical
complete a pre-study internship of several computer science, data processing sys-

tems, programming languages, operating engineering, process and automation engi-

systems, mathematics and probability cal- neering, autonomous intelligent systems,
culus, physical principles, business infor- biological information systems, economics
mation systems. Consolidation in special and law, environmental and natural sci-
fields with modules like software engi- ences, multimedia applications, commu-
neering, applied computer science, applied nications systems, information and com-
analysis, electrical engineering principles, munications management are possible.
operating systems, communications and In addition, practical seminars/project
networks, digital technology and engi- assignments plus modules with cross-dis-
neering, microprocessor engineering and ciplinary content, such as the principles of
computer systems, software architecture, economics and business administration,
algorithms and data structures, compiler contract and liability law, project manage-
design, distributed information systems, ment, English.
information security. Depending on the
institution in question, specialisation and Studies may be divided into a basic and a
core study areas in fields like software main study stage.

Aachen FH Aalen HS Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg)
Anhalt HS (Kthen) Augsburg FH Berlin FHTW Berlin FHVR Berlin FHW Berlin MDH
(Berlin, Dsseldorf, Mnchen) Berlin TFH Bielefeld FH Bingen FH Bochum HS Bonn-
Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt Augustin) Brandenburg FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH
(Wolfenbttel, Wolfsburg) Bremen HS Bremerhaven H Coburg HS Darmstadt FernHS
(Darmstadt, Pfungstadt) Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) Dortmund FH Dresden FHDW
Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH Erfurt FH Essen FOM (Berlin, Bochum, Dortmund, Duisburg,
Dsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Kln, Mnchen, Neuss, Nrnberg, Siegen,
Stuttgart) Esslingen HS Flensburg FH Frankfurt am Main FH Fulda HS Furtwangen HS
Gelsenkirchen FH (Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH Hamburg HAW Hannover FH
Hannover FHDW Harz HS (Wernigerode) Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN Hof FH
Ingolstadt FH Isny NTA Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH (Kaiserslautern, Zweibrcken)
Karlsruhe HS Kempten FH Kiel FH Kln FH (Gummersbach, Kln) Konstanz HS
Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Cottbus, Senftenberg) Leipzig HfTL Leipzig HTWK Lippe und
Hxter FH (Hxter) Lbeck FH Mannheim HS Merseburg FH Mittweida HS
Mnchen HS Mnchen FHVerwaltung (Hof) Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Niederrhein HS
(Krefeld) Nordhausen FH Nrnberg HS Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH Paderborn FHDW Pforzheim HS
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Reutlingen HS Rosenheim FH
Saarland HTW Schmalkalden FH Stralsund FH Stuttgart HdM Stuttgart HFT
Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Iserlohn) Trier FH (Birkenfeld, Trier) Ulm HS Wedel FH
Weihenstephan FH (Freising) Wiesbaden FH Wildau TFH Worms FH Wrzb.-
Schweinf.-FH Zittau/Grlitz HS (Grlitz, Zittau) Zwickau HS

5.6 Domestic and Nutritional Science/Dietetics
Study Field Outline focus on aspects of the food industry

and the (retail) food trade (food industry)
Domestic science (home economics) stud- along with the economic problems faced
ies the technical, business administrative by institutional and private households.
and social problems that arise in the man- Increasing importance is being placed on
agement of private households and resi- aspects of service management and facil-
dences or in canteens, student refectories, ity management, which are partly offered
hospitals, homes, institutions, etc. as independent degree programmes and
partly as core study areas.
Nutritional science/dietetics is concerned
with studying the physiological, economic The natural sciences, social sciences,
and technical aspects of healthy, balanced, economics and business administration
whole food nutrition as a prerequisite orientated training is very diverse to take
for health and performance. It is clearly account of the later career options, since
separated from food chemistry and food technical, organisational and economic
technology. questions need to be addressed and solved,
and, at the same time, cultural and social
Nutritional sciences and dietetics pro- standards and habits of the recipients/con-
grammes are often offered as joint degree sumers have to be considered.
programmes, in most cases under the
heading of ecotrophology (a term not
generally used in English). Studies in
food economics/economics of nutrition
Studies at Universities physical chemistry, biochemistry, molecu-

lar biology, microbiology and genetics,
Practical experience/internships: Stu- physiology. Students subsequently extend
dents are generally required to complete and consolidate their knowledge in spe-
industrial internships of several months cialist subjects in modules like inorganic
in companies working in the food and and bioinorganic chemistry, human biol-
consumer goods industry, consultancy ogy, food biology, biochemistry of nutri-
offices, etc. tion, food toxicology, food chemistry, food
law, nutritional physiology, nutritional
Studies: A basic knowledge of natural sci- medicine, food quality and quality control,
ences is delivered in modules like applied plus modules in product management in
mathematics and statistics, physics, gen- the food industry, the economics of pri-
eral and inorganic chemistry, organic and vate households and services companies

or in the agricultural and food industry

markets. Students can often create their
own profiles by taking additional optional Berlin TU Bonn U Flensburg U
modules. Gieen U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hannover U Hohenheim U (Stuttgart)
Some universities divide the studies into a Jena U Kiel U Mnchen TU (Freising)
Mnster U Potsdam U
basic and a main study stage.
Studies at Universities of Applied foreign languages. Additional modules for

Sciences consolidation include areas like business
and society, specialist information sys-
Practical experience/internships: Depend- tems, hygiene, sensor engineering, food
ing on the school/vocational qualifications, science, food production and evaluation,
a pre-study internship of several weeks consumer protection, organisational man-
is often required or recommended in the agement plus practical career studies and
occupational field of home economics a project thesis. Students can create their
and nutrition. Practical phases of varying own profiles by taking optional modules,
length are completed during the studies. mostly in fields like food and nutritional
science, food industry, service and supply,
Studies: Basic modules in the initial nutrition and health.
semesters cover food chemistry, food
analysis, human nutrition, physiology, Programmes in this field
mathematics and statistics, applied com-
Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Sigmaringen)
puter science, food technology, microbiol-
Anhalt HS (Bernburg) Fulda HS
ogy, food toxicology, and from the fields
Hamburg HAW Mnster FH Niederrhein
of psychology counselling, market and HS (Mnchengladbach) Osnabrck FH
household, project assignment/thesis, Weihenstephan FH (Triesdorf)
5.7 Geography
Study Field Outline options open to man for shaping and

influencing this environment. Attention
Geography is the science of the study of focuses primarily on the spatial aspect of
the Earths surface (geosphere). It deals the investigated systems. Depending on
with the whole systematic interrelation- the chosen perspective and description of
ship between land, sea and air and the these activities, points of contact are cre-

ated with the natural sciences, the arts and Regional studies have a stronger philo-
humanities, and the social sciences. logical focus. They combine the study
of languages with the political and eco-
The traditional major branches of geogra- nomic/industrial aspects of the respective
phy are the more science-focused fields of regions.
physical geography and human geography,
which focus more on aspects of the social Important auxiliary and complementary
sciences and the arts and humanities. subjects for the study of geography include
Both fields have developed into relatively basic mathematics and science disciplines
independent branches with differing ques- along with social and economic sciences.
tions and methods. Branches of physical The potential breadth of the subject cata-
geography include geomorphology (the logue makes it important for students
study of the Earths surface structure), soil to define their core study areas and spe-
science (pedology), hydrology, climatol- cialisations at an early stage. A knowledge
ogy and biogeography (animal and plant of foreign languages is indispensable,
geography / geography of fauna and flora). especially since programmes very often
Human geography and cultural geography use specialist literature written in English
primarily deal with industrial geography, and French, even in the early stages of the
settlement geography, as well as demo- studies. Laboratory work and computer-
graphic and social geography. Course aided simulation models have become
contents also cover statistics, aerial analysis increasingly important.
and mapping (cartography). Problems of
environmental protection and questions of
national, regional and urban planning have
opened up new and important responsibili-
ties and challenges for geographers.
Studies at Universities systems. Depending on the institution in

question, students can chose from various
Studies: Introductory modules into the consolidation areas, such as human geog-
subject-specific, work methodology and raphy, physical geography, regional analy-
social sciences principles of geography. sis. Cross-disciplinary modules on key
Empirical research, sociology and political skills, such as field courses/excursions,
science, social, economic and settlement laboratory internships. Depending on the
geography, urban and regional develop- institution in question, the programme
ment, biogeography/soil science (pedolo- may be divided into several study sections.
gy), geosystem Earth, geology, climatology
and bodies of water, cartography, geo-
graphical aerial and satellite image analy-
sis, information systems/geo information


Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Bochum U
Bonn U Bremen U Dresden TU Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg U
Hildesheim U Jena U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Leipzig U Mainz U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Osnabrck U Potsdam U Trier U Tbingen U
Vechta H Wrzburg U
5.8 Geosciences/Earth Sciences
Study Field Outline ines physical and chemical changes on the

Earths (exogenous) surface and the forms
The term geosciences/earth sciences of thermal and mechanical impact within
refers to those sciences that treat the the Earths (endogenous) surface which
Earth as a whole. Geophysics concerns have resulted in enormous changes in the
itself with the physics of the Earth and its course of the Earths history. Fossilised
magnetic field, as well as with how (outer) animals and plants (palaeontology the
space impacts the Earth. The physical study of the history of the Earths crust)
processes taking place in the Earths and radiometric time measurements serve
atmosphere are treated by the field of as dating tools.
meteorology, which is also responsible for
weather forecasting. Long-term changes Mineralogy is the materials-based geo-
to the atmosphere are studied by climatol- science. It researches the chemical, physi-
ogy. cal and biogenetic properties of materials
and the role they play in the processes of
Oceanography/marine science deals the System Earth. Its methods and con-
primarily with the physics of the oceans, cepts focus equally on researching natural
with the main focus directed towards and synthetic materials and their applica-
studying the interaction between oceanic tion. Focuses include, on the one hand,
and atmospheric currents due to their crystallography, and, on the other, petrol-
importance for the weather and climate. ogy (rock science), geochemistry and the
In the field of cartography (sea charts), geology of mineral deposits; the latter is of
oceanography has points of contact with particular significance to mining.
geography.
In its capacity as an interdisciplinary,
Geology studies the development and applied natural science focused on envi-
composition of the Earths crust. It exam- ronmental problems (especially the effects

of foreign contaminants), geoecology respect of concrete questions, these are

deals with energy and material cycles spatially distributed in limited areas.
between the Earths atmosphere, the soil
(pedosphere), the geological subterranean Geotechnics deals with soils and rocks
sphere (lithosphere), the hydrosphere and for civil engineering purposes. As a link
the biosphere. between applied geology and civil engi-
neering, the field serves to implement geo-
The geosciences-focused field of hydrol- scientific knowledge in earth and founda-
ogy studies hydrological processes and tion engineering, in rock engineering and
systems on a natural sciences basis. It in underground and special underground
also takes into account aspects of modern civil engineering (galleries, tunnelling and
environmental science and develops eco- caverns).
logically-orientated and interdisciplinary
approaches. The training is based on an Geo information systems represent a
independent full Diplom degree course in novel, interdisciplinary research area that
hydrology. Mathematics, physics, biology serves as a bridge between computer sci-
and chemistry are the key auxiliary science and the geosciences (Earth sciences).
ences for the geosciences/earth sciences. This area deals with the development
and application of methods to produce
Applied Geology deals with the interaction computer-aided solutions to specific
between geology and man (humankind). problems in research, industry, politics
It studies close-to-surface soil and rock and administration in which the spatial
layers from applied, practical perspectives, reference of information is important. The
including, not least, the production of risk acquired findings are used in geo informa-
analyses. It also studies the development tion systems (GIS), for example SatNavs,
potential (zoning/development) of land and so facilitate the optimal exploitation of
areas or the use of soil and rock. Studies spatial/locational data, e.g. in environmen-
focus on the mechanical properties, fol- tal protection, traffic management or civil
lowed by chemical aspects, and how, in engineering.
Studies at Universities and previous qualifications in a basic and an

Universities of Applied Sciences advanced internship.
Practical experience/internships: Several Studies: All the degree programmes in this

weeks of professional practical work dur- field initially deliver the geosciences, physi-
ing the studies or the semester vacation cal, biological, chemical and mathematical
(recess) recommended or in some cases principles. In the geosciences programmes,
prescribed. Programmes at universities of this includes modules like the Earth, min-
applied sciences offer natural resources eralogical and petrological basic knowl-
and geoengineering depending on the edge, geo information systems, geochemis-

try, sedimentology, tectonics, palaeontology In meteorology programmes, the

and earth history, hydrogeology, geophys- training includes modules in theoreti-
ics. As studies progress and depending on cal, experimental and applied meteorol-
the programme in question, students can ogy, including climatology, with experi-
set various focuses and specialisations. mental and numerical internships plus
a cross-disciplinary elective subject.
In geosciences programmes, for
example, this includes modules like Excursions (often including abroad), map-
astrophysics, geochemistry, geo infor- ping internships and field exercises repre-
mation systems, geology, geophysics, sent an important part of the programme
hydrogeology/environmental geology, and complement the lectures and practical
engineering geology/geoengineering, courses. Modules in general and subject-
mineralogy, petrology/mineral deposits specific key qualifications round off the
research, palaeontology. training.
In geoecology programmes, the focus is

on landscape ecology, soil science
(pedology), hydrology, mineralogy/ Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin FU
geochemistry, bio information systems/ Berlin TU Bochum TFH Bochum U
geo information systems. Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen
Jacobs University Bremen U
Clausthal TU Darmstadt TU Dresden TU
In geoengineering and applied geology
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt
programmes, students consolidate their am Main U Freiberg TUBergAk
knowledge in applications-orientated Freiburg U Gttingen U Greifswald U
fields plus branches of geoengineering Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
like sampling, methods of calculation, Hannover U Heidelberg U Jena U
soil and rock mechanics, drilling Karlsruhe U Kiel U Kln U Leipzig U
engineering, special underground Mainz U Mnchen TU Mnchen U
mining, civil engineering (galleries, Mnster U Potsdam U Trier U
tunnelling and caverns). Tbingen U
5.9 Mathematics
Study Field Outline are algebra, analysis, geometry, topology

and numbers theory, while applied math-
Mathematics is divided into the two major ematics focuses on numerical analysis,
branches of pure and applied mathemat- optimisation and stochastic theory and
ics. The main areas of pure mathematics processes.

Pure mathematics deals with abstract els theoretically, but also places the appro-
structures and their internal relationships, priate software at the disposal of the user.
attempting to derive as many statements
or conclusions as possible from a few The fields of business or industrial math-
assumptions. ematics, statistics and technomathematics
have evolved from mathematics to become
By contrast, applied mathematics aims independent disciplines. Both business
to provide a set of instruments for using and industrial mathematics perform func-
quantitative methods to process questions tions in almost all branches of business
from the fields of natural sciences and and industry. Major fields of application
engineering, medicine, as well as econom- are to be found in insurance and finance.
ics and social sciences. Studies have a very strong practical focus.
The objective for statistics is to develop
A major field of application in numeri- mathematical methods for analysing
cal mathematics (numerics) involves the empirical data. The computer-compatible
development and analysis of numerical development of mathematical models for
algorithms, for example, for solving dif- solving and analysing engineering prob-
ferential equations which, for their part, lems is undertaken by technomathemat-
are fundamental to describing processes ics (engineering mathematics). Applied
taking place in nature, in engineering systems science focuses on mathematical
and technology, or even in the financial models for applications in environmental
markets. protection/ecology. Biomathematicians
have special knowledge in various disci-
Stochastic theory provides a quantitative plines from the field of biology as well as
description and a methodology for analys- the requisite basic knowledge from other
ing random phenomena in our everyday natural sciences. They define biological
sphere of experience. This includes, for or medical questions in the language of
example, deriving statistical procedures for mathematics and use or develop models
analysing complex data structures, deter- and methods to solve these.
mining price formulae for financial deriva-
tives traded on the stock exchanges or for The study of mathematics aims to enable
risk controlling in the field of actuarial students to learn and master mathematical
(insurance) mathematics. concepts and methods. It requires an abil-
ity for abstract thinking which is a basic
In contrast to computer science, mathe- requirement for those wishing to work as
matics focuses on theory-based algorithms mathematicians. A willingness to engage
or relations whose efficiency and preci- in interdisciplinary cooperation is just as
sion can be proven and whose improved important, and so is already considered
efficiency cannot necessarily be achieved in the degree programmes by obliging
by using better computers. Conversely, students to select a minor or subsidiary
improved computing provides opportuni- subject. The chosen minor or consolida-
ties for not only examining complex mod- tion subject will usually be chosen from

the field of natural sciences or engineer- This choice already marks the first career-
ing, economics or computer science, relevant decision for the students later
depending on the institution in question. professional assignment fields.
Studies at Universities stochastic theory (probability calculus and

statistics, modelling), numerical analysis
Practical experience/internships: and optimisation. Additional modules on
Students generally complete a practical the chosen technical, natural sciences,
phase in business, industry or a research medical or economic fields of applica-
institution during their studies. tion. In addition, students acquire various
methods and work techniques, principles
Studies: Based on a well-founded school of computer science and the use of pro-
knowledge of mathematics, the math- fessional software and learn advanced
ematical principles are taught and consoli- programming languages, including com-
dated in the fields of analysis (differential puter practical courses. Elective modules
and integral calculus, complex analysis, cover areas like pure mathematics or vari-
integration theory), linear algebra and ana- ous applied subjects and enable students
lytical geometry, applied mathematics to create their own profiles.

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bielefeld U
Bochum U Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U
Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erfurt U
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U Freiberg TUBergAk
Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Ilmenau TU Jena U
Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U
Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mainz U Mannheim U Marburg U
Mnchen TU (Garching) Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U
Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U
Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Ulm U Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Studies at Universities of Applied Studies: Modules on the principles of

Sciences mathematics, analysis, linear algebra,
numerical mathematics, probability cal-
Practical experience/internships: None culus and statistics, geometry, stochastic
generally required before studies begin. theory, data structures and algorithms.

Students also learn work techniques as

well as aspects from the field of compu-
ter science/programming/mathematical Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Berlin FHTW
software. In the advanced study stages, Berlin TFH Bielefeld FH Darmstadt HS
students consolidate their knowledge in Flensburg FH Gieen-Friedberg FH
subjects like numerical mathematics, (Friedberg) Koblenz FH (Remagen)
Leipzig HTWK Mittweida HS
differential calculus, database systems.
Mnchen HS Regensburg FH
Stuttgart HFT Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
students can set core study areas by choos-
ing applied modules in business math-
ematics (finance and insurance/actuarial
mathematics, operational research), indus-
trial mathematics/technical mathemat-
ics and corresponding practical projects.
Modules also deliver interdisciplinary key
qualifications in the fields of business
administration, law, foreign languages,
presentation techniques.
5.10 Physics, Physical Engineering, Astronomy
Study Field Outline exploitation of nature (applied physics).

Recent examples of the implementation of
Physics is a fundamental science which physical research in technical applications
has perhaps had a greater impact on the include semiconductor engineering, opto-
technology, business and industry of our electronics, nanoengineering and laser
world than any other science. And our physics. Due to the highly mathematical
concepts of the world in general are also nature of theoretical physics, the field of
largely based on research findings pro- mathematics is the foremost auxiliary sci-
duced by physics. Precise measurements ence for physicists and makes very heavy
of natural phenomena, whether observed demands on undergraduates in particular.
directly or in experimental surroundings, Recent years have seen new interdiscipli-
enable us to reduce natural phenomena nary degree programmes with substantial
down to numerical relationships (experi- proportions of physics established to allow
mental physics) and mathematically for- students to specialise.
mulated laws (theoretical physics). This
has led to a progressive accumulation Astrophysics, which involves the physical
of knowledge and by means of techni- examination of celestial bodies (planetary
cal application to the utilisation and system, the Sun, fixed stars, interstellar

matter) and space (galaxies, (outer) space their findings in the R&D departments
and the universe as a whole, cosmology), of business and industry to produce new
is the main focus of attention in astron- or improved applications in many differ-
omy. And so the training of astronomers ent fields. These programmes also aim to
involves the study of physics in the course qualify future physics teachers with the
of which astronomical and astrophysical skills and ability to teach a knowledge of
aspects play an increasingly important and the methods of physics; a good knowl-
role. Physical methods are also important edge of the history of physics and natural
for other fields, such as in geophysics or sciences in general are important prereq-
metals science. The interdisciplinary study uisites.
of biophysics deals with the application
of physical and physicochemical methods Engineering physics programmes are
for researching elementary and complex mainly offered by the universities of
life processes. It combines a well-founded applied sciences, and, in some cases, indi-
basic biological-chemical training with vidually as technical physics at universi-
a comprehensive physical-mathematical ties. Programmes like these serve to train
training, including the principles of com- engineers and so enable them to apply
puter science. Building physics deals with their knowledge of physics in technical
the physical problems faced in building applications and engineering. Besides
and construction (civil engineering), such laser engineering, technical optics as well
as effective noise and thermal insulation. as solid state physics, solar engineering,
cryoengineering and plasma technology
The study of physics aims to enable future and analytical microscopy play an impor-
physicists to conduct pure research across tant role.
a broad range of fields and to develop
Studies at Universities ment and evaluation procedures). Modules

offered include mathematics for physi-
Practical experience/internships: Recom- cists, scientific computing, experimental
mended before the commencement of physics, chemistry, theoretical physics,
studies. technical physics, engineering. Optional
subjects often include a non-physics
Studies: Basic training in experimental complementary subject. Project studies,
and theoretical physics, mathematics and experimental exercises and professional
other physical and non-physical fields. internships. Cross-disciplinary modules
Plus institution-specific consolidation teach key qualifications, business adminis-
areas and the familiarisation with experi- tration and law.
mental and theoretical working methods
(e.g. use and handling of physics-based
equipment, use of computer measure-


Aachen TH Augsburg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bielefeld U
Bochum U Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U
Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U
Frankfurt am Main U Freiberg TUBergAk Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hamburg-Harburg TU Hannover U
Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Ilmenau TU Jena U Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U
Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U
Magdeburg U Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen TU (Garching) Mnchen U Mnster U
Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U
Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U Tbingen U Ulm U Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Studies at Universities of Applied ships plus cross-disciplinary modules on

Sciences key qualifications round off the curricu-
lum.
ing on the school/vocational qualifications,
a pre-study internship of several weeks Programmes in this field
in a relevant area is sometimes required. Aachen FH (Jlich) Aalen HS
Practical phases of varying length are com- Berlin TFH Brandenburg FH Bremen HS
pleted during the studies. Coburg HS Gelsenkirchen FH
(Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH
Studies: Programmes begin with (Friedberg) Hildesheim/Holzminden/
course modules that deliver the general Gttingen HAWK (Gttingen) Isny NTA
mathematical-physical and engineering Jena FH Koblenz FH (Remagen)
principles, whereby the physics part, e.g. Lbeck FH Mittweida HS Mnchen HS
Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Oldenburg /
mechanics, optics and electrical engineer-
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden)
ing, is high. The subject-specific principles
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten)
are provided in modules on materials Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Wiesbaden FH
science, fluid dynamics and thermody- (Rsselsheim) Wildau TFH Zwickau HS
namics, solid state physics, electronics,
automation engineering, technical optics,
computer science and technical design
theory. Subject-specific consolidation is
facilitated by applied modules in fields like
vacuum and cryoengineering, technical
optics, laser technologies, spectroscopy.
Exercises in the physics labs and intern-

5.11 Process Engineering/Chemical Engineering
Study Field Outline areas like environmental protection, recy-

cling technology and the development of
Process engineering/chemical engineering resource-conserving production methods
presents an interdisciplinary engineering are typical fields of application for chemi-
science that has developed at the interface cal engineering.
between mechanical engineering, techni-
cal/engineering physics, mathematics, Biotechnology uses microbiology, bio-
physical and technical chemistry. chemistry and engineering to study bio-
logical systems, above all microorganisms,
Process engineering is the technology of for the purpose of developing engineering
the nuclear transmutation of material / procedures for the production of cell and
material conversion. Physical, and espe- tissue cultures (biomass), cell contents
cially, mechanical and thermal, as well (enzymes, etc.), cell products (baking
as chemical and biological processes are yeast, alcohol, citric acid, antibiotics, etc.)
examined and modelled. The aim is to as well as pollutant degradation measures
optimise the structuring of procedures and (sewage treatment plants). Biotechnology
operations for appropriate plants, facili- has made rapid strides forward since the
ties and installations. This also applies to mid-1970s, above all as a result of genetic
the field of thermal and fuel engineering engineering, and is now seen as the key
which with the exception electric heat future technology for agriculture and
ranges from domestic heating through to farming and the food industry, medicine,
process heating in heavy industry, includ- pharmacy, the power-generating industry,
ing the processing of fuels. Branches of and environmental protection.
environmental engineering and biotech-
nology have recently experienced particu- It is not always easy to clearly define and
larly rapid development. distinguish process engineering and
chemical engineering from the more
While process engineering has ties with metal processing orientated field of
mechanical engineering through its production, manufacturing or processing
branches of plant engineering and plan- technology or from industrial engineering.
ning, chemical engineering (chemical
technology) focuses on the chemical, Most higher education institutions offer
biological and physical processes and studies in process engineering or chemical
methods of material conversion/nuclear engineering, in some cases, both together.
transmutation. Examples include the Differentiation then takes place in the
conversion of sugar into alcohol, ethylene main study stage, whereby the consolida-
into polyethylene or the physical blend- tion options differ greatly.
ing or separation of substances. Besides
the manufacturing of industrial products,

University studies prepare students for transmutation; technical design, planning

careers with the following focuses: basic and operation of process engineering
thermal and mechanical procedures and plants, industrial health and safety, and
laws, such as rectification, evaporation, plant safety. Universities of applied sci-
refrigeration, extraction, milling, centri- ences programmes focus on teaching
fuging; development of engineering proc- technical design and production-related
esses for material conversion / nuclear knowledge and skills.
Studies at Universities measurement and control engineering,

process information systems; specialisa-
Practical experience/internships: 26 tion in one of the areas mentioned at the
weeks, of which in most cases only a part outset. The intermediate Diplom exami-
needs to be completed before the studies nation in related degree programmes
begin, with the remainder to be completed mechanical engineering, chemistry, phys-
before the intermediate or final examina- ics, mathematics, electrical engineering
tion. may be recognised for admission to the
main study stage.
Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises and
practical courses in mathematics, numeri-
cal calculus, physics, chemistry, physical
chemistry, mechanics, fluid dynamics, Aachen TH Berlin TU
thermodynamics, technical principles. Braunschweig TU Clausthal TU
Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU
Main study stage: Advanced study with Dresden TU Erlangen-Nrnberg U
chemistry, heat and material transmission, (Erlangen) Freiberg TUBergAk Hamburg-
Harburg TU Kaiserslautern TU
chemical, thermal and mechanical process
Karlsruhe U Magdeburg U Mnchen TU
engineering, process and plant technol-
(Garching) Mnster U Stuttgart U
ogy, mechanical and apparatus technology,
Studies at Universities of Applied Basic study stage: Lectures and exer-

Sciences cises in general mechanical engineering,
mathematics, physics, chemistry, physical
Practical experience/internships: Depend- chemistry, materials sciences, electrical
ing on the school/vocational qualifications, engineering, fluid dynamics, thermody-
a pre-study internship of several weeks namics, computing.
is generally required. Practical phases of
varying length are completed during the Main study stage: Instrument and con-
studies. trol engineering, electrical engineering,

including electronics, thermal engineer- or mechanical process engineering (size

ing, industrial business administration reduction/crushing technology, separa-
and management; focuses in the field tion technology, nebulising technology) in
of thermal process engineering (dry- apparatus engineering and plant engineer-
ing technology, mineral oil processing, ing, in chemical, plastics and food technol-
refrigeration technology), and chemical ogy, and in biotechnology.

Aachen FH (Jlich) Anhalt HS (Kthen) Ansbach FH Berlin TFH Bingen FH
Bochum TFH Bremerhaven H Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) Dresden HTW
Esslingen HS Flensburg FH Frankfurt am Main FH Hamburg HAW Hannover FH
Heilbronn HHN Kaiserslautern FH (Pirmasens) Kln FH Lausitz FH (Senftenberg)
Lbeck FH Mannheim HS Merseburg FH Mnchen HS Mnster FH (Mnster, Steinfurt)
Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) Nrnberg HS Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) Osnabrck FH Provadis HS (Frankfurt am Main)
Reutlingen HS Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Wildau TFH Wismar HS Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
5.12 Statistics
Study Field Outline planning and analysis of such studies.

Possible random influences in this respect
Statistical methods are indispensable may include faulty measurements or the
for many sciences (medicine, biology fact that the subjects (patients) are differ-
and other natural sciences, economics, ent. Despite a drugs differing efficacy in
business administration and engineer- each patient, it is possible to use statistical
ing, psychology, sociology, archaeology, methods to check whether it leads to a pro-
education, environmental protection). nounced improvement of the clinical pic-
An important task for statistics lies in the ture (pathological condition) of the whole
planning, execution and analysis of major group of subjects.
studies and experiments. Based on the
acquired numerical and measured data it Statistical conclusions are based on
is possible to identify interrelations and occasionally complex mathematical and
contexts, even when they have been over- computational methods, on an exact
laid by uncontrollable interference factors. knowledge of the relevant subject area, of
For example, a new drug is only approved the data acquisition methods as well as of
when its efficacy has been objectively the data on the problem to be examined.
proven in clinical studies. The legislator This all requires a high degree of cross-
has prescribed statistical methods for the disciplinary knowledge, which makes

statistics fascinating but also very difficult economics and business administration,
in both practical and theoretical terms. biology and computer science.
This principle difference to the study of
mathematics is reflected particularly in the Degree programmes in data analysis and
major practical projects and internships data management combine a knowledge
offered in the advanced study phases. of the empirical methods of data acquisi-
tion with the practical and computational
Statistics can also be studied as a core methods of data analysis and data manage-
study area or specialisation in some degree ment.
programmes, such as in mathematics,
Studies at Universities and (actuarial) statistics, asset management,

Universities of Applied Sciences social research, biometrics, psychometrics,
geosciences and meteorology, technol-
Studies: Bachelors programmes cover ogy and engineering, environmental and
statistics, mathematics, computer science agricultural sciences, biostatistics, drugs
plus one or several fields of application. research.
Modules in statistics deliver an introduc-
tion and the relevant principles, linear
methods and models, mathematical statis-
tics and probability calculus, core areas of Dortmund TU Magdeburg-Stendal FH
applied statistics (multivariate methods, (Magdeburg) Mnchen U
generalised regression, experiment design
and planning, and random sampling theo-
ry), practical statistics with project or case
studies. Mathematical modules on analyt-
ics, vector and matrix calculus, numerical
analysis and logic; in the field of com-
puter science, modules on data analysis,
programming, software development,
database and information systems, statis-
tics software. Project studies and intern-
ships in applied areas, such as insurance

6 Medical and Public Health Services

6.1 Dentistry
Study Field Outline in the field of preventive dentistry, dental

surgeons also play an important preventive
Dentistry deals with the prevention, diag- medical role in the public health system.
nosis and treatment of all dental, oral and
mandibular ailments, with dental prosthe- The study of dentistry is governed by the
ses (crowns, bridges, dentures, implants) code on the practice of dentistry and the
as well as correcting tooth and jaw deform- dental licence code. Studies are divided
ities (orthodontics). Dental and orosurgi- into a pre-clinical and a clinical section and
cal surgery requires good eyesight and last at least 10 semesters plus six months
manual dexterity for the proper handling before the final examination is taken. Stu-
of the complicated equipment and instru- dents graduate with a Staatsexamen degree.
ments. Given the strong increase in tooth Besides theoretical instruction, studies
and gum ailments (caries, periodontal focus strongly on providing the practical
disease) and the dentists responsibilities training students will need as dentists.
Studies at Universities completing the clinical studies, the exami-

nation in dentistry is taken within six
Practical experience/internships: Work in months of the end of the semester.
a dental laboratory recommended before
and during the studies. Continuing training: After receiving the
licence to practise dentistry, further spe-
Pre-clinical studies (5 semesters): Lec- cialist training may follow in oral surgery,
tures, practical courses and courses in orthodontics or for the public health service.
zoology or biology, physics and chemistry,
anatomy, physiology and biochemistry, Programmes in this field
materials science, technical (preparatory)
Aachen TH Berlin HU Bonn U
propaedeutics and dental prosthesis stud- Dresden TU Dsseldorf U Erlangen-
ies. Preliminary examination in natural Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am
sciences after 2 semesters, preliminary Main U Freiburg U Gieen U
examination in dentistry after 5 semesters. Gttingen U Greifswald U
Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
Clinical studies (5 semesters): Theoretical Hannover MHH Heidelberg U Jena U
and practical training in dental medicine Kiel U Kln U Leipzig U Mainz U
and other related medical subjects. Clini- Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U
Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U
cal traineeships in European and non-
(Homburg) Tbingen U Ulm U Witten/
European countries can also be arranged
Herdecke U (Witten) Wrzburg U
by the Dentistry Exchange Service. After

Medical and Public Health Services 157
6.2 Medicine
Study Field Outline tical training and to promote the social

skills of doctors. Furthermore, greater con-
Medicine is the science of the causes, sideration than in the past is given to the
cures, alleviation and prevention of dis- holistic view of the patients situation and
eases. Key medical activities cover the takes an interdisciplinary approach to the
recognition (diagnosis) and treatment treatment process. Prevention and health
(therapy) of human diseases, ailments or promotion are integrated as are pain thera-
physical disorders, preliminary and follow- py and palliative medicine.
up health care, and research.
Studies based on a reformed medical cur-
The study of human medicine is governed riculum have been piloted at the Charit
by the medical practice and licence code University Medicine Berlin, the private
for physicians. Since the winter semester University of Witten/Herdecke, the Uni-
of 2003/2004, studies at the medical fac- versities of Aachen, Bochum, Heidelberg,
ulties of Germanys universities have been Cologne and the Hannover Medical School
based on a reformed medical practice and (MHH), which partly abolishes the divi-
licence code for physicians. This revised sion between the pre-clinical and clinical
code above all aims to improve the prac- study sections.
Studies at Universities surgeries, public health service facilities,

etc.). Furthermore, practical exercises and
Practical experience/internships: Three block practical courses lasting between
months as a hospital nurse plus first aid one and six weeks in the key medical fields
training to be completed before studies must be completed. Finally, the last year
begin or in the pre-sessional periods/ of medical studies involves 48 weeks of
recess, by the latest, before registering for continuous practical training, the practical
the first part of the medical examination year, which is completed in a hospital.
taken after four semesters of study (cer-
tain types of training may be credited). A Studies: In particular, the new medical
four-month clinical traineeship/medical practice and licence code for physicians
clerkship to be completed during the pre- that came into force in the winter semes-
sessional periods/recess between the first ter 2003/2004:
part of the medical examination and the
practical year. This clinical traineeship/ adapts the curriculum to take account
medical clerkship involves prescribed min- of new requirements and standards in
imum training periods completed at vari- medical care. Besides delivering sci-
ous facilities (hospitals, clinics, medical entific principles, studies also address

coordinating, general medical, pharma- Medical Examination: The first part of

co-therapeutical and health-manage- the (state) medical examination is taken
ment aspects; after two years of study. The qualifications
interlinks theoretical and clinical teach gained in clinical subjects and interdisci-
ing by continuously combining theory plinary fields over the subsequent three-
and practice throughout the studies; year study section are assessed by the uni-
delivers cross-disciplinary and case- versities on the basis of graded academic
related teaching with problem-orientat- credits, i.e. the Transcript of Records.
ed and interdisciplinary teaching of These credits are also the prerequisite for
topic-related content with a patient admission to the practical year made up
focus; of study sections lasting 16 weeks each
introduces new study and examination in Internal Medicine, Surgery, General
topics, such as pain therapy, palliative Medicine or in another clinical-practical
medicine, emergency and disaster subject area. The second part of the Medi-
medicine; cal Examination is taken after a total of 6
provides practice-focused teaching at years of study.
the patient bedside in the form of
patient demonstrations in small groups The formerly required 18-month period as
with a maximum of six students and an Intern (Arzt im Praktikum) was aban-
patient examinations with a maximum doned with effect of 1 October 2004. So,
of three students; after completing their studies, doctors can
offers general medical training to immediately take up an assistant or junior
improve students general medical doctor position or can continue their train-
and coordinating skills, clearly increasing to qualify as a specialist.
es the proportion of general medicine
in the studies themselves and in the Continuing training: After receiving their
examinations. In addition, students can medical licence, medical doctors can con-
choose to take general medicine as an tinue training and so gain qualification as
elective in the Practical Year. a general practitioner or as a district physi-
cian in another area of specialisation.

Aachen TH Berlin HU Bochum U Bonn U Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen)
Dsseldorf U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U
Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover MHH
Heidelberg U Jena U Kiel U Kln U Leipzig U Lbeck U Magdeburg U Mainz U
Marburg U Mnchen TU Mnchen U Mnster U Regensburg U Rostock U
Saarbrcken U (Homburg) Tbingen U Ulm U Witten/Herdecke U (Witten) Wrzburg U

6.3 Nursing and Public Health Studies, Education

and Management in the Public Health System
Study Field Outline sense. Students learn to develop concepts

for all aspects of nursing care, including
Degree programmes in nursing and nursing care procedure and documenta-
health care management, nursing education management. Studies are either com-
tion, nursing management, public health pleted in a full or a part-time, job-integrat-
and nursing studies aim to address the ed format; the university sector also offers
shortage of qualified executive staff in distance studies options.
the field of general nursing and geriatric
nursing care and, at the same time to cre- Besides holding a higher education
ate a scientific basis for the qualification entrance qualification, the entry require-
requirements of the nursing professions. ments for nursing degree programmes
Degree programmes are offered at univer- generally include proof of having com-
sities and universities of applied sciences pleted relevant vocational training and one
and convey knowledge from the fields of or more years of career experience.
medicine, public health, business admin-
istration (management), human resources
management plus nursing in the narrower
Studies at Universities and nursing science, education science for the

Universities of Applied Sciences health professions/nursing education sci-
ence, economics of the public health sys-
Practical experience/internships: To tem, health sciences/public health, health
qualify for admission to studies, applicants management, prevention and health pro-
are generally required to have completed motion, counselling and behavioural modi-
a course of qualified vocational training in fication, legal and business administrative
nursing. During the degree course, practi- principles, professional ethics in nursing,
cal phases of varying length are completed. quality management in the public health
system, human resources development,
Studies: Depending on the subject focus of hospital operations theory and procedures,
the degree programme, students complete costs and performance reporting, statistics,
variously weighted modules on the follow- computing, foreign languages. Internships
ing topics: Nursing science and nursing and study projects.
research, action policies and action con-
cepts in nursing, medical, scientific and Some higher education institutions have
social foundations of nursing, epidemiol- divided their programmes into a basic and
ogy, psychology, theory and methods of a main study stage / consolidation studies.


Berlin ASFH Berlin EFB Berlin H:G Berlin HU Berlin SHB Bielefeld FH
Bielefeld FhdD Bielefeld FHM Bielefeld U Bremen APOLLON HS Bremen HS
Bremen U Coburg HS Darmstadt EvFH Dortmund TU Dresden DIU Dresden EHS
Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Erding FHAM (Bad Tlz) Esslingen HS Frankfurt am Main FH
Freiburg KathFHS Fulda HS Gera FH Greifswald U Gstrow BC Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg EvFH Hamburg HAW Hamburg HFH Hannover FH Heidelberg HS
Heidelberg PH Heidelberg U Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Idstein EFF Jena FH
Karlsruhe PH Kassel U Koblenz FH (Remagen) Kln DSHS Kln EFF Kln RheinFH
Kln U Ludwigshafen FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mainz KathFH
Mittweida HS Mnchen KathFH Mnster FH Mnster U Neubrandenburg HS
Niederrhein HS (Mnchengladbach) Nordhausen FH Nordrhein-Westfalen KathFH (Kln)
Nrnberg EvFH Osnabrck FH Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Rheinland-
Westfalen-Lippe EvFH (Bochum) Riedlingen FernFH Saarbrcken BSA Saarland HTW
Schwbisch Gmnd PH Vallendar PTHV Vechta H Wismar HS Witten/Herdecke U
(Witten) Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg) Zwickau HS
6.4 Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Engineering
Study Field Outline Pharmaceutical engineering
Pharmacy Degree programmes address the tech-

nology and engineering of producing
Pharmacy studies the use of drugs and pharmaceuticals. Students acquire cross-
medicinal products, including their devel- disciplinary knowledge in the fields of
opment, production, testing and qual- chemistry and pharmacology, biology and
ity assurance, plus measures to protect pharmaceutical technology. They also
patients, to supply the general population study areas of engineering, such as indus-
with the required products, and to provide trial and mechanical engineering. Law and
proper information on these products business management subjects round off
to all involved or working in the public the studies.
health system. Studies include commercial
aspects and special areas of the law.

Studies at Universities hospital or a federal armed forces hospital

ward), in the pharmaceutical industry, in a
Pharmacy university institute or in another suitable
scientific or research institute (including
Basic study stage (4 semesters): Lec- those belonging to the German federal
tures, seminars and practical courses in armed forces) or in a drugs testing/inspec-
general, inorganic and organic chemistry, tion centre or a comparable institution
principles of pharmaceutical biology and (including those belonging to the German
of human biology, principles of physics, federal armed forces).
physical chemistry and drug morphol-
ogy plus the principles of pharmaceutical Continuing education and training:
analysis. During the pre-sessional periods/ According to the Chamber Laws of the
recess of the basic study stage, students individual federal states, holders of the
are required to complete eight weeks of Licence to Practise Pharmacy have the
clinical practical training under the guid- opportunity of engaging in continuing
ance of a dispensing chemist/pharmacist. training in the field of officinal pharmacy,
clinical pharmacy, drug information, phar-
Main study stage (4 semesters): Exten- maceutical technology, toxicology and ecol-
sion and consolidation studies in pharma- ogy, pharmaceutical analysis, theoretical
ceutical fields, including pharmaceutical/ and practical training, clinical chemistry
medical chemistry, pharmaceutical biol- and public health. The University of Bonn
ogy, pharmaceutical engineering/biophar- offers students completing the second sec-
macy, pharmacology and toxicology as well tion of the pharmaceutical examination an
as clinical pharmacy. opportunity to take a postgraduate course
leading to a Master of Drug Regulatory
Pharmaceutical examination: The first Affairs degree.
and second examination sections are
completed in the course of the students
university studies, while the third is taken
after completion of the practical train- Berlin FU Bonn U Braunschweig TU
ing. Some universities offer postgraduate Dsseldorf U Erlangen-Nrnberg U
courses in Pharmacy Diplom-Pharmazie (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U
for students completing the second exami- Freiburg U Greifswald U Halle-
nation section that leads to the academic Wittenberg U Hamburg U Heidelberg U
degree of Diplom-Pharmazeut/in. Jena U Kiel U Leipzig U Mainz U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U
Regensburg U Saarbrcken U
Practical work experience: After gradua-
Tbingen U Wrzburg U
tion, six months is spent working in a pub-
lic dispensing pharmacy, in a hospital or a
dispensing pharmacy of the German fed-
eral armed forces (whereby three months
can also be spent working on a general

Studies at Universities of Applied include pharmaceutical technology, phar-

Sciences maceutical biotechnology, pharmaceutical
industrial technology, drug law, packaging
Pharmaceutical engineering: technology, bioanalytics, process, instru-
ment and plant engineering, quality assur-
Studies: The Bachelors programme ance and validation of analytical processes.
delivers an extensive range of engineer- These are complemented by optional mod-
ing, mathematical and natural sciences ules (some without a technical focus) plus
principles with modules in mathematics, cross-disciplinary modules on business
computer science, physics, biology, chem- administration and marketing questions,
istry and biochemistry, enzymology and specialist information systems or foreign
metabolism, drug morphology and analyt- languages.
ics, thermodynamics and flow mechanics,
measurement and control engineering.
Students then extend and consolidate their
Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Sigmaringen)
knowledge by addressing typical exam- Anhalt HS (Kthen) Berlin TFH
ples, whereby the planning and process Biberach HS Gieen-Friedberg FH
engineering procedures of the chemical (Gieen) Isny NTA Jena FH
and pharmaceuticals industry are studied Kaiserslautern FH (Pirmasens, Zweibrcken)
with an applied focus. Extension modules Lippe und Hxter FH (Detmold, Lemgo)
6.5 Therapy professions
Study Field Outline institutions (often comparable to universi-

ties of applied sciences in Germany) have
Since adoption of the Psychotherapy Act at been offering degree courses to qualify stu-
the latest, psychotherapists have generally dents for therapy professions for a while.
needed a relevant academic degree in order Besides the existing music and art therapy
to be able to practise, e.g. a Diplom in psy- programmes, institutions in Germany have
chology. It is generally less well-known that meanwhile begun offering university of
there are also therapy degree programmes applied sciences or university degrees, such
that take other paths and lead to other as Diplom, Bachelors and Masters degrees
career goals. For example, studying ther- as postgraduate programmes in other
apy can mean music therapy, art therapy, non-medical therapy fields for experienced
speech therapy, clinical linguistics or patho- professionals. These programmes often
linguistics. In other European countries, complement the wide range of specialist
such as the Netherlands, higher education vocational/professional training already

offered in some therapy subjects, see public The therapy provided by all these profes-
health studies and nursing professions. sions respectively work fields is always
offered on the basis of medical prescrip-
Music therapy is concerned with listen- tions and diagnosis, while specialist (e.g.,
ing to selected pieces of music that are speech therapeutic) diagnosis also repre-
suitable as a basis for diagnosis (passive sents one of the areas of responsibility. All
music therapy) and with the active use of therapy branches offer both individual as
musical means of expression (active music well as group treatment.
therapy), e.g. the use of percussion or Orff
instruments to treat ill or disabled people, The rehabilitation sciences, whose focus
e.g. opening up initial communication may cover areas such as art or music
paths for people with autistic disorders. In therapy, speech therapy education, or early
this work, areas of music therapy overlap promotion in cases of disability, are locat-
with some areas of rhythmics and general ed at the interface to the health and social
music education, see music, visual and education area.
performing arts.
This guide includes undergraduate
Art therapy deals with similar areas by programmes in music, art and speech
providing patients with a diverse range of therapeutic fields. Applicants need to hold
artistic articulation options, e.g. helping an appropriate school leaving certificate
them to act out problems or processes in (generally the entry qualification for a
an artistic, visualisation and so to create university of applied sciences). Art therapy
a visible basis with which the issue at programmes require appropriate proof
hand can really be addressed. of artistic talent and aptitude along with
the school leaving certificate, for example,
While psychotherapy is largely concerned proof of having passed an entrance exami-
with prevention, counselling and therapy nation.
in respect of functional and developmental
disorders of the locomotor system, the Besides these, consolidation and extension
fields of logopaedics, speech therapy, clini- courses provide the opportunity to gain a
cal linguistics and patholinguistics are Diplom degree in psychology education,
concerned with hearing, voice and speech medical education, music education, art
disorders, e.g. language acquisition dif- education or special needs education, or a
ficulties in children or for people who have similar qualification.
suffered a stroke.
It is possible in speech therapy, ergot-
Ergotherapy applies a very broad spectrum herapy and physiotherapy and other areas
of the methods of occupational and work to take dual degree programmes, where a
therapy to help people with illnesses or dis- vocational qualification in a specific pro-
abilities activate their (remaining) powers fession and an undergraduate programme
or to support peoples attempts to find their run parallel and are coordinated: in some
way back into everyday and working life. cases, however, an initial qualification

in a corresponding medical profession The range and diversity of courses offered

is required when the degree programme across Europe certainly set quite differ-
begins. Undergraduate programmes for ing focuses. While in the Netherlands,
physiotherapists and ergotherapists at for example, degree courses are offered
higher education institutions have not yet in dance therapy and drama therapy, Ger-
been approved under German law. many offers a fairly broad range of speech
therapy degrees, e.g. patholinguistics,
Diplom speech scientists can gain an addi- clinical linguistics or (as a rule, and after
tional qualification in the field of Clinical appropriate vocational training) speech
Speech Science at Halle. therapy/logopaedics.
Studies at Universities and As studies progress, the focus is generally

Universities of Applied Sciences on continuing, consolidating and extend-
ing the topic areas from the basic study
Practical experience/internships: 3 practi- stage and on delivering practical knowl-
cal internships to be completed during edge and insight at an advanced level. In
the studies (compulsory course elements), addition, students complete modules on
lasting between 6 weeks and 3 months English for special purposes, quality assur-
(practical semester) and generally continu- ance, and on the social security and public
ously integrated into the field of therapeu- health system.
tic practice.
Studies: All of the essentially undergradu-
ate degree courses in therapy disciplines, Aachen TH Alanus HS (Alfter) Berlin
including rehabilitation studies, lay the ASFH Berlin IB-HS Bielefeld U Coburg
biomedical, diagnostic and therapeutic Priv.FH (Berlin, Coburg, Dachau, Reckling-
hausen) Dortmund TU Dresden DIU
foundations at the start of the studies.
Freiburg KathFHS Friedensau ThH
These include, for example, modules in
Fulda FH Gera FH Hamburg HfMT
various psychological and medical disci- Heidelberg HS Hildesheim/Holzminden/
plines as well as in basic musical or artistic Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Idstein EFF
subjects and their therapeutic application (Idstein, Zwickau) Karlsruhe PH Kiel FH
in music and art therapy programmes. Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) Marburg U
Psychological, neurological, linguistic and Mnchen U Nordhessen FH (Bad Sooden-
audiological-phonic studies dominate in Allendorf) Nrtingen FHKunst Oldenburg
the first few semesters of speech therapy / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden)
programmes. In music therapy, areas such Osnabrck FH Ottersberg FH
as self-experience for music therapists Potsdam U Witten/Herdecke U (Witten)
and supervision are also treated, while art
therapy studies include art theory.

6.6 Veterinary medicine
Study Field Outline The training is uniformly organised

throughout Germany on the basis of the
Veterinary medicine concerns itself with Veterinary Practice and Licence Code. The
diseases and other ailments affecting ani- science-based section of the preliminary
mals, on researching these, on diagnosing veterinary examination is already taken
(recognising), treating and preventing after 2 semesters, while the anatomical-
these afflictions, as well as with protecting physiological section is completed after
humans from dangers that may be caused 4 semesters.
by foods of animal origin or by other infec-
tious or communicable diseases which
may be carried by animals (parasites,
rabies, BSE, etc.). Generally, these are
domestic animals and pets, farm animals,
and animals living in zoos or in the wild.
Studies at Universities tology, embryology, physiology, biochem-

istry, animal breeding and genetics.
Practical experience/internships: Dur-
ing their studies, students must complete Clinical studies (6 semesters): Virology,
70 hours of practical training in farming, bacteriology and mycology, parasitol-
animal husbandry and animal breeding, ogy, animal nutrition, animal husbandry
150 hours with a practising vet or in a and animal hygiene, general pathology
veterinary clinic, 75 hours in a hygiene and special pathological anatomy and
control and food monitoring capacity, histology, internal medicine, surgery and
100 hours of practical training in a anaesthesiology, radiology, reproduction
slaughterhouse and meat inspection medicine, poultry diseases, pharmacology
centre, 75 hours in the public veterinary and toxicology, animal protection, animal
system, as well as another 700 hours with disease control, food science, dairy studies,
a practising vet or in a veterinary clinic; meat hygiene, drug and anaesthetic law,
part of this can be completed in an elec- as well as professional laws and ethics for
tive practical capacity at other facilities, veterinarians.
such as scientific institutes, universities
or zoos. The Veterinary Examination is completed
in several sections, generally in the pre-
Pre-clinical studies (4 semesters): Lec- sessional periods/recess, whereby the
tures and practical courses in physics, examinations must be taken close to the
chemistry, zoology, botany, anatomy, his- time at which the courses were held.

Continuing education and training: Fur-

ther qualification as a specialist vet for spe-
cific areas is possible (courses last between Berlin FU Gieen U Hannover TiHo
3 and 5 years). Leipzig U Mnchen U

7 Social Sciences

7.1 Educational Science
Study Field Outline ing target-group orientated education for

sustainable development programmes
Educational Science addresses all aspects (including their organisation and admin-
relating to the development and guidance istration), and for advising individuals
of individuals as independent and respon- and groups in a wide range of various
sible members of society and the com- work fields. Students are recommended
munity. On the one hand, this takes into to start gaining career-related additional
account the educational realities of family qualifications at an early stage, i.e. during
and society, and, on the other, the realities their studies. The courses offered by indi-
of school and socio-educational institu- vidual higher education institutions differ
tions. Important neighbouring disciplines greatly. They range from primary school
include psychology and the social sciences, didactics via media and culture education
anthropology and biology. Cultural educa- through to adult education and vocational
tion is a more recent, self-contained field education. The Bachelor of Childhood
of study that provides students with broad, Education programme is relatively new
yet clearly practice-focused preparation and meets the extended demands in terms
for careers in cultural fields (education, of early education, especially in child day-
art, journalism, academia and research, care centres. Some institutions combine
organisation and administration). the cultural education programme with an
artistic aptitude test. Students wishing to
Teachers and educators are primarily work as teachers must obtain a teaching
responsible for preparing and implement- qualification in one or two school subjects.
Studies at Universities, Universities of education processes and socialisation

of Education and Universities of plus history, institutions and organisa-
Applied Sciences tional forms in the education system, and
a choice of subjects from psychology and
Practical experience/internships: Stu- sociology (youth sociology, family sociol-
dents are required to spend 2 to 3 months ogy).
in schools and adult education, social edu-
cation, in-company training etc. facilities Main study stage: Extension and con-
during the pre-sessional periods (recess). solidation courses in educational science
covering the general principles of selected
Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises and academic and research methods and
seminar courses in educational anthropol- requirements, responsibilities and forms
ogy and on the individual and social condi- of education and their research. Core
tions of education and socialisation; theory study areas consider the later target profes-

Social Sciences 169
sion (school, social education, adult edu- intercultural education, special (needs)
cation and non-school youth education, education).
continuing training, in-company training,

Alanus HS (Alfter) Augsburg U Bamberg U Benediktbeuern KathFH Berlin ASFH
Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin KHSB Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U
Braunschweig TU Bremen U Chemnitz TU Darmstadt EvFH Dortmund TU Dresden EHS
Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Erfurt FH Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Esslingen HS Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg EvFHS Freiburg PH
Freiburg U Gera FH Gieen U Gttingen U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg HAW Hamburg U Hamburg UBw Hannover U Heidelberg PH Heidelberg U
Hildesheim U Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Jena U Karlsruhe U
Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Leipzig U Ludwigsburg PH (Ludwigsburg, Reutlingen)
Lneburg U Magdeburg U Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Stendal) Mainz U Marburg U
Merseburg FH Mnchen HS Mnchen KathFH Mnchen U Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg)
Mnster U Neubrandenburg HS Nordrhein-Westfalen KathFH (Kln) Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Potsdam FH
Potsdam U Regensburg U Reutlingen-Ludwigsburg EvFH (Ludwigsburg) Rostock U
Schwbisch Gmnd PH Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Vechta H Weilheim-
Bierbronnen GSA (Weilheim) Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
7.2 Political Science
Study Field Outline as in international relations, and looks at

how interest groups can bring their influ-
Political science is concerned with study- ence to bear and what forms the political
ing the institutions of the state (govern- opinion-building process takes. Important
ment) and society, their theoretical-phil- auxiliary and subsidiary subjects include
osophical foundations and their concrete history, social sciences, constitution,
manifestations in the recent past and the economics and business administration.
present. It examines how political and A knowledge of foreign languages, in
social concepts are put into organisational particular English, is indispensable, as are
and legislative practice in governments, computing and statistics skills.
institutions and political parties, as well

Studies at Universities, Universities policy, political sociology and political

of Applied Sciences, and other social structure analysis, political educa-
Higher Education Institutions tion and the didactics of politics, methods
or empirical social research/statistics,
Practical experience/internships: Stu- economics and politics, constitutional law,
dents are often required to complete study- administrative science. Depending on the
integrated internships. institution in question, further optional
subjects as well as extension and con-
Studies: Specialist course and method- solidation modules in areas like history,
orientated modules on subject areas like communication science, philosophy, law,
political theory and history of ideas, meth- economics and business administration
ods of political science, political institu- or sociology. Key qualifications like com-
tions, political systems, the political sys- puting, presentation techniques, rhetoric,
tem of the Federal Republic of Germany, mediating methods, foreign languages,
domestic, international and European project management.

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin FU Berlin HSoG Berlin HU Bielefeld U
Bochum U Bonn U Bremen HS Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U Chemnitz TU
Darmstadt TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-
Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt
(Oder) U Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Friedrichshafen ZU Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hamburg UBw
Hannover U Harz HS (Halberstadt) Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U Kassel U
Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U (Landau) Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U
Mainz U Mannheim U Marburg U Mnchen HfP Mnchen U Mnster U
Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U
Speyer DHV Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Vechta H Wildau TFH Wrzburg U
7.3 Psychology
Study Field Outline and humanities, social sciences and natu-

ral sciences. As an independent science,
Psychology is the science of the patterns psychology established itself in the second
and laws of human experience, behaviour half of the 18th century. It is an empirical
and action. Scientific psychology develops science, which means that all statements
its knowledge from the thought patterns and conclusions are based on observation
and research strategies inherent in the arts and experimentation. The resulting find-

Social Sciences 171
ings are analysed with the help of mathe- A number of practical fields of application
matical-statistical methods. have developed from the research findings
produced by the above-mentioned base
General psychology deals with the fun- subjects, such as clinical psychology and
damental functional forms of human psychotherapy, industrial, corporate and
experience and behaviour (learning, organisational psychology, educational
memory, languages, emotion, motivation, psychology and school psychology, adver-
etc.). Conversely, differential psychology/ tising psychology, law psychology, traffic
personality psychology focuses on the psychology, geriatric psychology, commu-
individual and group-specific differences nication psychology, or criminal psychol-
in the functional areas addressed by gen- ogy. Universities of applied sciences offer
eral psychology. Development psychology programmes in fields like industrial or
studies the age and life stage-dependent business psychology, communication psy-
changes in behaviour and experience. Its chology or rehabilitation psychology.
results are above all of significance for
educational and clinical psychology. Social Psychology particularly possesses interdis-
psychology covers a wide and diverse ciplinary frames of reference with scientif-
range of conditions and effects that influ- ic areas like the biosciences, anthropology,
ence social behaviour and the interactions sociology, education, philosophy, languag-
between individuals and groups. Biological es and linguistics, economics and business
psychology and neuropsychology study the administration, as well as with computer
mutual conditionality of mental and physi- science and information systems.
cal processes (e.g. in the nervous system).
Besides a good knowledge of English, stu-
Building on the foundation of a psycho- dents of psychology are today expected to
logical methodology, scientific hypotheses have a fundamental knowledge of applied
and formulated empirical studies are computing.
designed and their results are statistically
analysed.
Studies at Universities and Basic study stage: Lectures and exercise

Universities of Applied Sciences courses in general psychology, develop-
mental psychology, differential and per-
Practical experience/internships: sonality psychology, social psychology and
6 months of vocational work experience methodology (planning of experiments,
during the studies in educational, social, statistics), physiological psychology or
medical and business institutions and biopsychology, empirical internship.
organisations.

Main study stage: Methodological sub- organisational psychology, education and

jects like psychological diagnosis and school psychology, clinical psychology and
intervention, evaluation and research psychopathology, forensic psychology,
methodology, fields of application and deep (subconscious) psychology and psy-
practice, such as industrial, company and chotherapy, social psychology.

Aachen TH Bamberg U Berlin FU Berlin H:G Berlin HU Bielefeld U Bochum U
Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U Chemnitz TU
Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt)
Erding FHAM Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U
Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Harz HS
(Wernigerode) Heidelberg HS Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Idstein EFF Iserlohn BiTS
Jena U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln EFF Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U
Lneburg U Magdeburg U Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Stendal) Mainz U Mannheim U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Osnabrck U Potsdam U Potsdam UMC
Regensburg U Saarbrcken U Trier U Tbingen U Vechta H Wuppertal U
Wrzburg U Zittau/Grlitz HS (Grlitz)
7.4 Religious Education
Study Field Outline latter not only overlaps to certain degree

with the activity fields of the pastor or
The study of religious education qualifies parish priest but also with those of social
graduates for positions as religious edu- and therapeutic educators. Studies com-
cation teachers at schools and in church bine elements of theology, education and
pastoral work in a community or parish. the arts and humanities, and are largely
Studies also train Protestant deacons offered by universities of applied sciences
and Catholic parish officials (including (training as a deacon or parish official
pastoral officers) for positions in church is also possible at vocational schools or
and school education, child guidance and academies). The education and training is
counselling, and in pastoral practice. The denominational.

Social Sciences 173
Studies at Universities religious studies. Students who choose

school as their occupational field must
Practical experience/internships: Possibly complete extra practical school-related
an educational orientation internship. study sections.
Studies: Study modules on core questions

of religious studies, history of religion, Programmes in this field
empirical religious research, religious edu- Augsburg U Berlin HU
cation and the literatures of religions and Braunschweig TU Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
languages. Subdisciplines include the Old (Eichsttt, Mnchen) Heidelberg HJS
and New Testament, church history, sys- Mnster U Oldenburg U Regensburg U
tematic theology, religious education and
Studies at Universities of Applied Main study stage: Core study areas and
Sciences specialisations in religious education
(partly also for special (needs) schools or
Practical experience/internships: Depend- vocational schools), pastoral education,
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- evangelism and church service, youth and
tions, students are required to complete a adult education, religious counselling and
pre-study internship of several weeks, for charity aid.
example in church communities/parishes
or church welfare institutions. Practical Programmes in this field
phases of varying length are to be com-
pleted during the studies. Berlin EFB Freiburg EvFHS Hannover FH
Mainz KathFH Moritzburg EvFH
Basic study stage: Introduction to theol- Nordrhein-Westfalen KathFH (Paderborn)
Nrnberg EvFH Reutlingen-Ludwigsburg
ogy (exegesis, dogmatics, ethics, church
EvFH (Ludwigsburg) Rheinland-Westfalen-
history, religious education, etc.) and the
Lippe EvFH (Bochum)
current topical theological issues, plus
courses in arts and humanities subjects
(education, psychology, philosophy, sociol-
ogy, politics, law, literary studies and art
history).

7.5 Social Sciences, Sociology
Study Field Outline The range of teaching offered by each

university differs greatly, hence the choice
The social sciences and sociology are con- of institution and degree or change of
cerned with the principles, manifestations institution should be made with great care.
and developments of human society. They In any case, students are recommended to
study the purpose and structure of social extend and consolidate their knowledge in
systems as well as their origin, changes one of the above-specified neighbouring
and mutual interactions. In so doing, they fields. Some institutions also directly offer
take both an empirical approach based on programmes with a sociological focus, e.g.
exact and largely quantitative research of in economics. The acquisition of applied
concrete situations as well as a systematic computing and foreign language skills is
approach aimed at formulating relatively especially important to the career pros-
general and generally valid conclusions pects. The study of social sciences for a
and socio-philosophical theories. As teaching qualification in social studies has
independent academic fields, they closely more of a political sciences focus than a
relate and interrelate with disciplines like sociological one.
economics (socio-economics), political sci-
ence, philosophy, ethnology, psychology
and education.
Studies at Universities and other industrial and company sociology, sociol-

Higher Education Institutions ogy of gender relations, medical sociology,
industrial, employment and organisational
Practical experience/internships: Study- sociology, peace and conflict research,
integrated, empirical projects/internships. empirical social research. Complemen-
tary modules for teaching profession-
Studies: Theory and methodology as well related key qualifications: presentation
as object-related modules in core subjects techniques, mediating methods, conflict
like empirical social research (including management strategies. etc. In addition,
computing and statistics), history of social students can opt to extend and consolidate
sciences, political science and sociology their knowledge in neighbouring fields of
(including socio-economics), social struc- knowledge, like psychology, economics
tures and social structure analysis plus and business administration, law, political
special sociologies. Given the breadth of science, education.
sociological analysis and activity fields,
studies usually specialise in areas like
youth, family and educational sociology,

Social Sciences 175

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin FU Berlin HSoG Berlin HU Berlin TU
Berlin UdK Bielefeld U Bochum U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University
Bremen U Chemnitz TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U
(Duisburg) Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt (Oder) U Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U
Friedensau ThH Fulda HS Gieen U Gttingen U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U Kaiserslautern TU
Kassel U Kempten FH Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U
Magdeburg U Mainz U Mannheim U Marburg U Mnchen HS Mnchen U
Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Nordhausen FH Nrnberg EvFH Oldenburg U
Osnabrck U Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Siegen U Stuttgart U
Trier U Tbingen U Vechta H Weilheim-Bierbronnen GSA (Weilheim) Wuppertal U
Wrzburg U Zittau IHI
7.6 Social Work, Social Education, Social Affairs
Study Field Outline Courses are largely taught at universities

of applied sciences. Recent years have
Social work and social education are seen the often still separate degree pro-
responsible for encouraging people to grammes of social work and social educa-
reflect on their own precarious psychoso- tion merged at practically all universities
cial situation and for helping them to per- of applied sciences to form the degree
sonally improve these conditions of their programme in social work and education,
own free will. In so doing, social workers respectively social affairs.
and social educators provide personal and
material assistance in order to help people Special (needs) and therapeutic educators
prevent or overcome emergency situations are required for special education and ther-
and crises and handle problems. Use of apeutic occupations. Therapeutic educa-
educational services and the provision of tion is concerned with people whose devel-
complementary educational programmes opment faces special or difficult challenges
help to solve general problems and pre- (physical, emotional, mental or sensorial).
vent emergency situations. Social man- This begins with an individuals personal
agement, which deals with questions of perspective and hence also takes that per-
organisation, funding, project and staff sons environment and surroundings into
management, is becoming increasingly account (family, group, community). See
important. also nursing and public health.

Social workers, social educators and groups and are employed by authorities
therapeutic educators often collaborate and other private sector organisations,
with representatives of other professional associations and self-help groups.
Studies at Universities ples. Depending on the range of courses

offered by the institution, further optional
Practical experience/internships: Up to modules. Complementary cross-discipli-
24 weeks of practical work experience and nary courses from philosophy, social eth-
research-orientated internships. ics, economics and business administra-
tion, media work, and a range of foreign
Studies: Preparatory modules (introduc- languages.
tion to research work, principles of com-
puting), functions and occupational fields
of social work and education, research Programmes in this field
methods, educational and social sciences Bamberg U Dortmund TU Duisburg-
principles, psychological and socio-med- Essen U (Essen) Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
ical principles, administrative sciences (Eichsttt) Freiburg U Friedensau ThH
and legal principles, principles and action Hannover U Hildesheim U Kassel U
theories of social work and education, Lneburg U Marburg U Siegen U
organisational psychology and sociology, Vechta H
socio-administrative and economic princi-
Studies at Universities of Applied Studies: Base modules on history, the

Sciences and at Universities theories and methods of social work and
education, the educational, psychologi-
Practical experience/internships: Depend- cal, sociological and legal principles and
ing on the school/vocational qualifica- frameworks of social work and education,
tions, students are generally required and on creative media and the use of infor-
to complete a pre-study internship of mation technology. Modules on topics
several weeks in occupational fields of like professional action formats, everyday
social work and education. During their worlds, professional ethics to expand the
studies, students complete core study base knowledge. Core study areas and
and occupational field-related practical/ specialisation in the extraordinarily broad
project phases of varying length, moni- range covered by social work and social
tored through supervision and courses. education in action fields like elementary
The requirements for state recognition are education, educational support, family
variously governed and may include a fur- support, youth work, rehabilitation and
ther postgraduate work experience phase health, geriatric work, intercultural social
of up to one year. work, adult education, industrial social

Social Sciences 177
work, leisure and recreational education, ment, supervised practical and project
drug/narcotics counselling, resocialisa- work.
tion, city district work, social manage-

Benediktbeuern KathFH Berlin ASFH Berlin EFB Berlin KHSB Bielefeld FH
Bielefeld FhdD Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Braunschweig) Bremen HS Coburg HS
Darmstadt EvFH Darmstadt HS Dortmund FH Dresden EHS Dsseldorf FH Erfurt FH
Esslingen HS Frankfurt am Main FH Freiburg EvFHS Freiburg KathFHS Fulda HS
Hamburg EvFH Hamburg HAW Hannover FH Heidelberg HS Hildesheim/Holzminden/
Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim, Holzminden) Jena FH Kiel FH Koblenz FH (Koblenz,
Remagen) Kln FH Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Cottbus) Leipzig HTWK Ludwigshafen FH
Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mainz KathFH Mannheim HS Merseburg FH
Mittweida HS (Rowein) Mnchen HS Mnchen KathFH Mnster FH
Neubrandenburg HS Niederrhein HS (Mnchengladbach) Nordhausen FH Nordrhein-
Westfalen KathFH (Aachen, Kln, Mnster, Paderborn) Nrnberg EvFH Nrnberg HS
Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) Osnabrck FH Potsdam FH
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Reutlingen-Ludwigsburg EvFH
(Ludwigsburg) Rheinland-Westfalen-Lippe EvFH (Bochum) Saarland HTW Wiesbaden FH
Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Grlitz)
7.7 Sport
Study Field Outline ing in areas like education, didactics

and methodology of sport, psychology,
The study of sport, physical education (PE) medicine, sociology and history of sport,
and sports science aims to train PE teach- movement and training theory, construc-
ers for future careers in schools and for tion of sports grounds and facilities, sports
sports-related careers outside the school administration, sports journalism and
sector, e.g. in leisure and health sports or sports law.
top-class performance competitive sport.
In some cases, studies will also lead to an To become a PE school teacher, applicants
academic career. Hence, sports students must generally complete a second aca-
receive a thorough practical-methodolog- demic school subject. A health certificate
ical training in the major sporting areas must accompany the application, while
(track and field, apparatus gymnastics, most institutions also require proof of
gymnastics/dance, swimming, ball games, sporting fitness in the form of an entrance
etc.) and a theoretical-scientific ground- test.

Degree programmes in sports economics on the other. The Universities of Applied

and sports management encompass the Sciences of Koblenz and Braunschweig/
theory and practice of sporting disciplines Wolfenbttel offer programmes in close
and sports science (training theory, sports cooperation with the sports organisations.
medicine, sports biology, sports educa- Besides gaining an academic degree, stu-
tion) on the one hand, and economic dents are also awarded trainer and club
contexts (marketing, corporate accounting, manager licences by the German Olympic
organisation and human resources man- Sports Confederation (DOSB).
agement) and topics from the field of law,
Studies at Universities and and health sport, performance and com-

Universities of Applied Sciences petitive sport, prevention and rehabilita-
tion, sport in adult and senior age, outdoor
Studies: Modules on the principles of sports and sports tourism, sports econom-
sports science, sports history, didactic- ics and management, media and com-
methodological principles of movement munication. Specialist internships in the
disciplines, sports games and sports disci- occupational field. Complementary mod-
plines, sports biomechanics, sports medi- ules on business English, presentation
cine (anatomical-physiological principles), techniques, applied computing, for exam-
training science, sports psychology/sports ple. In the teaching degree programmes,
sociology, sport and movement in the edu- sport is studied together with the approved
cational process, sports law and adminis- combination subjects for schools.
tration, sport and the media.
Students can create profiles and specialise

in topic-orientated consolidation and core
study areas such as leisure, recreational

Bad Homburg HS (Bad Homburg) Bayreuth U Berlin H:G Berlin HU Bielefeld U
Bochum U Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Salzgitter) Braunschweig TU Bremen U
Chemnitz TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Erding FHAM Erfurt U Flensburg U
Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg HS Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Iserlohn BiTS
Jena U Karlsruhe PH Karlsruhe U Kiel U Koblenz FH (Remagen) Koblenz-Landau U
Kln DSHS Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mainz U Marburg U
Mnchen TU Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U
Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Stuttgart U
Tbingen U Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U

Social Sciences 179
7.8 Theology (Catholic)
Study Field Outline and has been formulated as such by the

Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of
Catholic theology sees itself as the science Faith. Catholic theology in particular seeks
of the study of the Christian faith based dialogue with other Christian churches,
on the message of the Bible which must the world religions, and organisations rep-
be re-interpreted in each new age to make resenting major intellectual and social and
it meaningful and comprehensible. Thus, academic movements of the present-day.
research and study of the historical and Important auxiliary sciences include phi-
contemporary manifestations are among losophy and religious studies, sociology,
the subjects studied. Catholic theology is and psychology.
divided into Biblical, historical, system-
atic and practical branches. Doctrine is Studies and degrees in old Catholic theol-
considered a responsible interpretation of ogy are equivalent to those in Catholic
faith if it meets with general agreement theology.
Studies at Universities and secondary schools (Realschule) qualify

Philosophical-Theological Colleges with basic Latin.
Basic study stage: Basic philosophical-

theological study with lectures, exercises
and seminar courses in subjects like Augsburg U Bamberg U Benediktbeuern
systematic philosophy (anthropology, PhThH Bochum U Bonn U
ethics, metaphysics, psychology), history Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-
of philosophy, introduction to the Old Essen U (Essen) Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
and New Testament, social doctrine and (Eichsttt) Elstal Theol. Seminar
Erfurt U Flensburg U Frankfurt am
church history, including Patristic stud-
Main PhThH Frankfurt am Main U
ies. As necessary, courses may be taken to
Freiburg U Fulda ThFak Gieen U
overcome language deficits (Latin, Greek,
Hannover U Hildesheim U Jena U
Hebrew). Koblenz-Landau U Mainz U
Mnchen U Mnster PhThH
Main study stage: Consolidation and Mnster U Osnabrck U
extension studies in Old and New Testa- Paderborn ThFak Passau U
ment exegesis, fundamental theology, Regensburg U Saarbrcken U
dogmatics, moral theology, church law, Sankt Augustin PhThH Trier ThFak
liturgy, catechesis, religious education and Trier U Tbingen U Vallendar PTHV
pastoral theology. Candidates seeking a Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
teaching degree for middle/intermediate

7.9 Theology (Protestant)
Study Field Outline sciences. Despite all the interrelations, the

academic discipline has managed to pre-
Protestant theology sees itself as the serve a considerable degree of independ-
methodological interpretation of Chris- ence from the Protestant churches. Ten-
tian beliefs, their historical development sions above all arise vis--vis the so-called
and their present-day realisation, and is grassroots faithful. Controversies have
based on the Bible, in particular the New also developed at various times as a result
Testament, while church tradition only of the occasionally widely-differing posi-
plays a secondary role. Besides this, the tions, theories and systems of Protestant
study of Protestant theology is involved in theologians. Important auxiliary and com-
constant interaction and debate on other plementary disciplines include classical
contemporaneous developments, such as philology, philosophy, psychology, sociol-
found in philosophy, politics and social ogy and education.
Studies at Universities and Church overcoming language skill deficits. This

Colleges helps students meet the requirement that
registration for the final examination can
Practical experience/internships: The only be submitted at the earliest 6 semes-
provincial churches of Bavaria, Bremen, ters after the last language test was passed
Schaumburg-Lippe and Wrttemberg (language-free semesters). Introductory
require 9 to 12 months of community, lectures, exercises and seminar courses in
deaconry or industrial practical experience the main areas of theology and in methods
to be completed before the studies begin; of academic research constitute the main
in Bavaria students can choose to complete elements of the basic study stage.
this training during their studies. All other
provincial churches require completion of Main study stage: This covers the main
1 or 2 short-term internships of between 4 fields of Old Testament, New Testament,
and 8 weeks in length. history of the church and theology, sys-
tematic theology (dogmatics and ethics)
Basic study stage: The first few weeks and practical theology. Students also take
provide obligatory student advice. Stu- philosophy, psychology, education, ecu-
dents extend and perfect their required menical theology, church music, mission-
language proficiency in Latin, Greek and ary and religious studies, plus a choice of
Hebrew. Some institutions offer appropri- other subjects, such as sociology or church
ate vacation courses. The very intensive law.
language courses offered by the Protes-
tant colleges make these the best way of

Social Sciences 181

Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin HU Bielefeld FhdD Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U
Braunschweig TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Elstal Theol.
Seminar Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U
Friedensau ThH Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Leipzig U
Lneburg U Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Neuendettelsau KiH
Oberursel LuthThH Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Regensburg U Reutlingen Theol.S
Rostock U Saarbrcken U Tbingen U Wuppertal/Bethel KiHo (Bielefeld, Wuppertal)


Higher Education Institutions in Germany

Aachen Fachhochschule Augsburg

Rheinisch-Westflische Technische Hochschule fr Technik, Wirtschaft und
Hochschule Aachen Gestaltung
www.rwth-aachen.de www.fh-augsburg.de
Fachhochschule Aachen Bad Homburg

www.fh-aachen.de accadis Hochschule Bad Homburg
www.accadis.com
Katholische Fachhochschule Nordrhein-
Westfalen, Abteilung Aachen Bad Honnef
www.kfhnw.de Internationale Fachhochschule
Bad Honnef Bonn
Aalen (International University of Applied
Hochschule Aalen Technik und Wirtschaft Sciences)
www.htw-aalen.de www.fh-bad-honnef.de
Alfter Bad Sooden-Allendorf

Alanus Hochschule Fachhochschule Nordhessen
Staatlich anerkannte, private Hochschule www.fh-nordhessen.de
fr Kunst und Gesellschaft
www.alanus.de Bamberg
Otto-Friedrich-Universitt Bamberg
Amberg www.uni-bamberg.de
Fachhochschule Amberg-Weiden
Hochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft Bayreuth
www.fh-amberg-weiden.de Universitt Bayreuth
www.uni-bayreuth.de
Ansbach
Fachhochschule Ansbach Hochschule fr evangelische Kirchen-
University of Applied Sciences musik der Evangelisch-Lutherischen
www.fh-ansbach.de Landeskirche in Bayern
www.hfk-bayreuth.de
Aschaffenburg
Fachhochschule Aschaffenburg Benediktbeuern
www.fh-aschaffenburg.de Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule
der Salesianer Don Boscos
Augsburg Theologische Fakultt
Universitt Augsburg www.pth-bb.de
www.uni-augsburg.de
Katholische Stiftungs-Fachhochschule
Mnchen, Abteilung Benediktbeuern
www.ksfh.de

Higher Education Institutions in Germany 185
Bergisch Gladbach Fachhochschule fr Wirtschaft Berlin

Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft (FHDW) www.fhw-berlin.de
www.fhdw.de
Alice Salomon Fachhochschule fr
Berlin Sozialarbeit und Sozialpdagogik Berlin
Freie Universitt Berlin www.asfh-berlin.de
www.fu-berlin.de
bbw Hochschule Staatlich anerkannte
Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin private Fachhochschule
www.hu-berlin.de www.bbw-hochschule.de
Technische Universitt Berlin Evangelische Fachhochschule Berlin (EFB)

www.tu-berlin.de - Fachhochschule fr Sozialpdagogik/
Sozialarbeit
Steinbeis-Hochschule Berlin www.evfh-berlin.de
www.stw.de/SHB
Internationale Fachhochschule fr
Universitt der Knste Berlin Exekutives Management
www.udk-berlin.de www.ifh-berlin.de
Kunsthochschule Berlin-Weiensee Katholische Hochschule fr Sozialwesen

Hochschule fr Gestaltung Berlin (KHSB)
www.kh-berlin.de Staatlich anerkannte Fachhochschule fr
Sozialwesen
Hochschule fr Musik Hanns Eisler www.khsb-berlin.de
Berlin
www.hfm-berlin.de H:G Hochschule fr Gesundheit & Sport
www.my-campus-berlin.com
Hochschule fr Schauspielkunst
Ernst Busch Berlin Fachhochschule fr Verwaltung und
www.hfs-berlin.de Rechtspflege Berlin
www.fhvr-berlin.de
ESCP-EAP Europische
Wirtschaftshochschule Berlin SRH Hochschule Berlin
www.escp-eap.de Private University of Applied Sciences
www.srh-hochschule-berlin.de
Technische Fachhochschule Berlin
www.tfh-berlin.de MEDIADESIGN Hochschule fr Design
und Informatik
Fachhochschule fr Technik und Wirt- www.mediadesign.de
schaft Berlin
www.fhtw-berlin.de

Berlin Fachhochschule Bielefeld

Design Akademie Berlin Hochschule fr University of Applied Sciences
Kommunikation und Design www.fh-bielefeld.de
www.design-akademie-berlin.de
Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (FHM)
Touro College Berlin www.fhm-mittelstand.de
www.touroberlin.de
Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft (FHDW)
Berliner Technische Kunsthochschule www.fhdw.de
Hochschule fr Gestaltung
www.btk-fh.de Fachhochschule der Diakonie
Diaconia-University of Applied Sciences
BEST-Sabel-Fachhochschule Berlin www.fhdd.de
www.best-sabel.de
Bingen
International Business School Berlin Fachhochschule Bingen University of
University of Applied Sciences Applied Sciences
www.ibsberlin.com www.fh-bingen.de
Berlin IB-Hochschule Bochum

Staatlich anerkannte Hochschule fr Ruhr-Universitt Bochum
Soziales und Kommunikation www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de
www.ib-hochschule.de
Hochschule Bochum
esmt European School of Management University of Applied Sciences
and Technology www.hochschule-bochum.de
www.esmt.org
Technische Fachhochschule Georg Agri-
Hertie School of Governance cola fr Rohstoff, Energie und Umwelt zu
www.hertie-school.org Bochum
www.tfh-bochum.de
Biberach
Hochschule Biberach Evangelische Fachhochschule Rheinland-
www.fh-biberach.de Westfalen-Lippe
www.efh-bochum.de
Bielefeld
Universitt Bielefeld Bonn
www.uni-bielefeld.de Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-
Universitt Bonn
Kirchliche Hochschule Wuppertal/Bethel www.uni-bonn.de
Hochschule fr Kirche und Diakonie
www.kiho-bethel.de

Hochschule der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe Brhl

University of Applied Sciences Bonn Europische Fachhochschule
www.s-hochschule.de www.eufh.de
Brandenburg Buxtehude
Fachhochschule Brandenburg Hochschule21 gemeinntzige GmbH
www.fh-brandenburg.de www.hs21.de
Braunschweig Calw
Technische Universitt Carolo-Wilhelmina Internationale Hochschule fr Kreativ-
zu Braunschweig pdagogik und knstlerische Therapien
www.tu-braunschweig.de www.internationale-hochschule-calw.de
Hochschule fr Bildende Knste SRH Hochschule Calw

Braunschweig University of Applied Sciences
www.hbk-bs.de www.hochschule-calw.de
Bremen Chemnitz
Universitt Bremen Technische Universitt Chemnitz
www.uni-bremen.de www.tu-chemnitz.de
Jacobs University Bremen Private Fernfachhochschule Sachsen

www.jacobs-university.de www.ffh-sachsen.com
Hochschule fr Knste Bremen Clausthal-Zellerfeld

www.hfk-bremen.de Technische Universitt Clausthal
www.tu-clausthal.de
Hochschule Bremen
www.hs-bremen.de Coburg
Hochschule fr angewandte Wissenschaften
APOLLON Hochschule der Gesund- Fachhochschule Coburg
heitswirtschaft GmbH www.hs-coburg.de
www.apollon-hochschule.de
Fachhochschule Schloss Hohenfels
Bremerhaven Staatlich anerkannte private Hochschule
Hochschule Bremerhaven fr Fachtherapien im Gesundheitswesen
www.hs-bremerhaven.de www.fh-schloss-hohenfels.de
Bruchsal Cottbus
International University in Germany Brandenburgische Technische Universitt
www.i-u.de Cottbus (BTU)
www.tu-cottbus.de

Darmstadt Palucca Schule Dresden Hochschule fr

Technische Universitt Darmstadt Tanz
www.tu-darmstadt.de www.palucca-schule-dresden.de
Hochschule Darmstadt Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik der Evange-

University of Applied Sciences lisch-Lutherischen Landeskirche Sachsens
www.h-da.de www.kirchenmusik-dresden.de
Evangelische Fachhochschule Darmstadt Hochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft

www.efh-darmstadt.de Dresden (FH)
www.htw-dresden.de
Deggendorf
Fachhochschule Deggendorf Evangelische Hochschule fr Soziale
University of Applied Sciences Arbeit (FH)
www.fh-deggendorf.de www.ehs-dresden.de
Detmold Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft (FHDW)

Hochschule fr Musik Detmold www.fhdw.de
www.hfm-detmold.de
Duisburg
Dortmund Universitt Duisburg-Essen
Technische Universitt Dortmund www.uni-duisburg-essen.de
www.uni-dortmund.de
Dsseldorf
Fachhochschule Dortmund Heinrich-Heine-Universitt Dsseldorf
University of Applied Sciences www.uni-duesseldorf.de
www.fh-dortmund.de
Kunstakademie Dsseldorf
Dresden www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de
Technische Universitt Dresden
www.tu-dresden.de Robert-Schumann-Hochschule Dsseldorf
www.rsh-duesseldorf.de
Dresden International University (DIU)
www.dresden-international-university. Fachhochschule Dsseldorf
com www.fh-duesseldorf.de
Hochschule fr Bildende Knste Dresden Eberswalde

www.hfbk-dresden.de Fachhochschule Eberswalde
University of Applied Sciences
Hochschule fr Musik Carl Maria von www.fh-eberswalde.de
Weber Dresden
www.hfmdd.de

Eichsttt Essen
Katholische Universitt Eichsttt- Universitt Duisburg-Essen
Ingolstadt www.uni-duisburg-essen.de
www.ku-eichstaett.de
Folkwang Hochschule Essen
Elmshorn www.folkwang-hochschule.de
Nordakademie Hochschule der Wirtschaft
www.nordakademie.de Fachhochschule fr Oekonomie &
Management
Elstal www.fom.de
Theologisches Seminar Elstal (Fachhoch-
schule) des Bundes Evangelisch-Freikirch- Esslingen
licher Gemeinden in Deutschland Hochschule Esslingen
www.bildungszentrum-elstal.de www.hs-esslingen.de
Emden Flensburg
Fachhochschule Oldenburg / Universitt Flensburg
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven www.uni-flensburg.de
www.fh-oow.de
Fachhochschule Flensburg
Erding www.fh-flensburg.de
Fachhochschule fr angewandtes
Management Frankfurt (Oder)
www.myfham.de Europa-Universitt Viadrina
Frankfurt (Oder)
Erfurt www.euv-frankfurt-o.de
Universitt Erfurt
www.uni-erfurt.de Frankfurt am Main
Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitt
Fachhochschule Erfurt Frankfurt am Main
University of Applied Sciences www.uni-frankfurt.de
www.fh-erfurt.de
Frankfurt School of Finance &
Adam-Ries Fachhochschule Management
www.adam-ries-fh.de www.frankfurt-school.de
Erlangen Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule

Friedrich-Alexander-Universitt Erlangen- Sankt Georgen
Nrnberg www.sankt-georgen.de
www.uni-erlangen.de

Frankfurt am Main Evangelische Fachhochschule Freiburg

Staatliche Hochschule fr Bildende Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit, Diakonie
Knste Stdelschule und Religionspdagogik
www.staedelschule.de www.efh-freiburg.de
Hochschule fr Musik und Darstellende Freising

Kunst Frankfurt a.M. Fachhochschule Weihenstephan
www.hfmdk-frankfurt.de www.fh-weihenstephan.de
Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main Friedensau

University of Applied Sciences Theologische Hochschule Friedensau
www.fh-frankfurt.de www.thh-friedensau.de
Provadis School of International Manage- Friedrichshafen

ment and Technology AG Zeppelin University
www.provadis-hochschule.de www.zeppelin-university.de
Freiberg Fulda
Technische Universitt Bergakademie Theologische Fakultt Fulda
Freiberg www.thf-fulda.de
www.tu-freiberg.de
Hochschule Fulda
Freiburg University of Applied Sciences
Albert-Ludwigs-Universitt www.fh-fulda.de
Freiburg im Breisgau
www.uni-freiburg.de Furtwangen
Hochschule Furtwangen Informatik,
Pdagogische Hochschule Freiburg Technik, Wirtschaft, Medien
University of Education www.hs-furtwangen.de
www.ph-freiburg.de
Gelsenkirchen
Staatliche Hochschule fr Musik Fachhochschule Gelsenkirchen
Freiburg i. Br. www.fh-gelsenkirchen.de
www.mh-freiburg.de
Gera
Katholische Fachhochschule Freiburg SRH Fachhochschule fr Gesundheit Gera
Hochschule fr Sozialwesen, www.gesundheitshochschule.de
Religionspdagogik und Pflege
www.kfh-freiburg.de Gieen
Justus-Liebig-Universitt Gieen
www.uni-giessen.de

Fachhochschule Gieen-Friedberg HafenCity Universitt Hamburg Univer-

www.fh-giessen.de sitt fr Baukunst und Raumentwicklung
www.hcu-hamburg.de
Gttingen
Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen Hochschule fr bildende Knste
www.uni-goettingen.de Hamburg
www.hfbk-hamburg.de
Private Fachhochschule Gttingen
www.pfh-goettingen.de Hochschule fr Musik und Theater
Hamburg
Greifswald www.musikhochschule-hamburg.de
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitt Greifswald
www.uni-greifswald.de Helmut-Schmidt-Universitt
Universitt der Bundeswehr Hamburg
Gstrow www.unibw-hamburg.de
Baltic College Gstrow
University of Applied Sciences Bucerius Law School
www.baltic-college.de Hochschule fr Rechtswissenschaft
www.law-school.de
Hagen
FernUniversitt in Hagen Hochschule fr Angewandte
www.fernuni-hagen.de Wissenschaften Hamburg
Halle www.haw-hamburg.de
Martin-Luther-Universitt
Halle-Wittenberg Evangelische Hochschule fr Soziale
www.uni-halle.de Arbeit & Diakonie
www.ev-hochschule-hh.de
Burg Giebichenstein
Hochschule fr Kunst und Design Halle HFH Hamburger Fern-Hochschule
www.burg-halle.de www.hamburger-fh.de
Evangelische Hochschule fr Kirchen- Europische Fernhochschule Hamburg

musik Halle an der Saale University of Applied Sciences
www.ehk-halle.de www.euro-fh.de
Hamburg HSBA Hamburg School of Business

Universitt Hamburg Administration
www.uni-hamburg.de www.hsba.de
Technische Universitt Hamburg-Harburg Akademie Mode & Design

www.tu-harburg.de www.amdnet.de

Hamburg Pdagogische Hochschule Heidelberg

ISS International Business School of www.ph-heidelberg.de
Service Management
www.iss-hh.de Hochschule fr Jdische Studien
www.hjs.uni-heidelberg.de
Hamm
SRH Fachhochschule Hamm SRH Hochschule Heidelberg
Hochschule fr Logistik und Wirtschaft www.fh-heidelberg.de
www.fh-hamm.srh.de
Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik der Evange-
Hannover lischen Landeskirche in Baden
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universitt www.hfk-heidelberg.de
Hannover
www.uni-hannover.de Heilbronn
Hochschule Heilbronn
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Technik, Wirtschaft, Informatik
www.mh-hannover.de www.hs-heilbronn.de
Tierrztliche Hochschule Hannover heilbronn business school

www.tiho-hannover.de Staatlich anerkannte Fachhochschule
im Studienzentrum der Dieter Schwarz
Hochschule fr Musik und Theater Stiftung gGmbH
Hannover www.heilbronn-business-school.de
www.hmt-hannover.de
Herford
Fachhochschule Hannover (FHH) Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik der
University of Applied Sciences and Arts Evangelischen Kirche von Westfalen
www.fh-hannover.de www.hochschule-herford.de
Fachhochschule fr die Wirtschaft Hildesheim

(FHDW) Hannover Universitt Hildesheim
www.fhdw.de www.uni-hildesheim.de
Heide Fachhochschule Hildesheim/

Fachhochschule Westkste Holzminden/Gttingen
Hochschule fr Wirtschaft und Technik Hochschule fr angewandte Wissenschaft
www.fh-westkueste.de und Kunst
www.hawk-hhg.de
Heidelberg
Ruprecht-Karls-Universitt Heidelberg Hof
www.uni-heidelberg.de Fachhochschule Hof
www.fh-hof.de

Idstein Karlsruhe
Europa Fachhochschule Fresenius Universitt Fridericiana zu
www.fh-fresenius.de Karlsruhe (TH)
www.uni-karlsruhe.de
Ilmenau
Technische Universitt Ilmenau Pdagogische Hochschule Karlsruhe
www.tu-ilmenau.de University of Education
www.ph-karlsruhe.de
Ingolstadt
Fachhochschule Ingolstadt Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Knste
www.fh-ingolstadt.de www.kunstakademie-karlsruhe.de
Iserlohn Staatliche Hochschule fr Musik

Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen www.hfm-karlsruhe.de
Hochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft
www.fh-swf.de Staatliche Hochschule fr Gestaltung
Karlsruhe
Business and Information Technology www.hfg-karlsruhe.de
School BiTS
www.bits-iserlohn.de Hochschule Karlsruhe Technik und
Wirtschaft
Isny www.hs-karlsruhe.de
Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische
Akademie Prof. Dr. Grbler Merkur Internationale FH Karlsruhe
gemeinntzige GmbH Hochschule und www.merkur-fh.org
Berufskollegs
www.fh-isny.de Kassel
Universitt Kassel
Jena www.uni-kassel.de
Friedrich-Schiller-Universitt Jena
www.uni-jena.de Kempten
Fachhochschule Kempten
Fachhochschule Jena Hochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft
University of Applied Sciences www.fh-kempten.de
www.fh-jena.de
Kiel
Kaiserslautern Christian-Albrechts-Universitt zu Kiel
Technische Universitt Kaiserslautern www.uni-kiel.de
www.uni-kl.de
Fachhochschule Kiel
Fachhochschule Kaiserslautern University of Applied Sciences
www.fh-kl.de www.fh-kiel.de

Kiel Konstanz
Muthesius Kunsthochschule Universitt Konstanz
www.muthesius.de www.uni-konstanz.de
Koblenz Hochschule Konstanz

Universitt Koblenz-Landau, Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung
Abteilung Koblenz www.fh-konstanz.de
www.uni-koblenz-landau.de
Kthen
Fachhochschule Koblenz Hochschule Anhalt (FH)
www.fh-koblenz.de Hochschule fr angewandte
Wissenschaften
Kln www.hs-anhalt.de
Universitt zu Kln
www.uni-koeln.de Krefeld
Hochschule Niederrhein
Hochschule fr Musik Kln Niederrhein University of Applied
www.mhs-koeln.de Sciences
www.hs-niederrhein.de
Deutsche Sporthochschule Kln
www.dshs-koeln.de Lahr
AKAD Wissenschaftliche Hochschule
Kunsthochschule fr Medien Kln Lahr (WHL)
www.khm.de www.whl-lahr.de
Fachhochschule Kln Landau

University of Applied Sciences Cologne Universitt Koblenz-Landau, Abteilung
www.fh-koeln.de Landau
www.uni-koblenz-landau.de
Katholische Fachhochschule Nordrhein-
Westfalen, Abteilung Kln Landshut
www.kfhnw.de Fachhochschule Landshut
Rheinische Fachhochschule Kln www.fh-landshut.de
www.rfh-koeln.de
Leipzig
Europa Fachhochschule Fresenius Universitt Leipzig
Hochschule fr Wirtschaft und Medien www.uni-leipzig.de
GmbH, Kln
www.fh-fresenius.de Handelshochschule Leipzig (HHL)
Leipzig Graduate School of Management
www.hhl.de

Hochschule fr Musik und Theater Filmakademie Baden-Wrttemberg

Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy Leipzig www.filmakademie.de
www.hmt-leipzig.de
Evangelische Fachhochschule Reutlingen-
Hochschule fr Grafik und Buchkunst Ludwigsburg
Leipzig Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit,
www.hgb-leipzig.de Religionspdagogik und Diakonie
www.efh-ludwigsburg.de
Hochschule fr Technik, Wirtschaft und
Kultur Leipzig (FH) Ludwigshafen
www.htwk-leipzig.de Fachhochschule Ludwigshafen
Hochschule fr Wirtschaft
Deutsche Telekom Hochschule www.fh-ludwigshafen.de
fr Telekommunikation, Leipzig
University of Applied Sciences Evangelische Fachhochschule
www.hft-leipzig.de Ludwigshafen
Hochschule fr Sozial- und
AKAD Fachhochschule Leipzig Gesundheitswesen
www.akad.de www.efhlu.de
Lemgo Lneburg
Fachhochschule Lippe und Hxter Leuphana Universitt Lneburg
University of Applied Sciences www.leuphana.de
www.fh-luh.de
Lbeck Magdeburg
Universitt zu Lbeck Otto-von-Guericke-Universitt Magdeburg
www.uni-luebeck.de www.uni-magdeburg.de
Musikhochschule Lbeck Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal (FH)

www.mh-luebeck.de University of Applied Sciences
www.hs-magdeburg.de
Fachhochschule Lbeck
University of Applied Sciences Mainz
www.fh-luebeck.de Johannes Gutenberg-Universitt Mainz
www.uni-mainz.de
Ludwigsburg
Pdagogische Hochschule Ludwigsburg Fachhochschule Mainz
www.ph-ludwigsburg.de University of Applied Sciences
www.fh-mainz.de
Akademie fr Darstellende Kunst
Baden-Wrttemberg Katholische Fachhochschule Mainz
www.adk-bw.de www.kfh-mainz.de

Mannheim Technische Universitt Mnchen

Universitt Mannheim www.tu-muenchen.de
www.uni-mannheim.de
Universitt der Bundeswehr Mnchen
Staatliche Hochschule fr Musik und www.unibw-muenchen.de
Darstellende Kunst Mannheim
www.muho-mannheim.de Akademie der Bildenden Knste
www.adbk.mhn.de
Hochschule Mannheim
www.hs-mannheim.de Hochschule fr Musik und Theater
Mnchen
Hochschule der Bundesagentur fr Arbeit www.musikhochschule-muenchen.
Staatlich anerkannte Fachhochschule fr mhn.de
Arbeitsmarktmanagement
www.fh-arbeit.de Hochschule fr Philosophie
(Philosophische Fakultt S.J.)
Popakademie Baden-Wrttemberg www.hfph.mwn.de
www.pop-akademie.de
Hochschule fr Politik Mnchen
Marburg www.hochschule-fuer-politik.mhn.de
Philipps-Universitt Marburg
www.uni-marburg.de Hochschule fr Fernsehen und Film
Mnchen
Merseburg www.hff-muenchen.mhn.de
Fachhochschule Merseburg
University of Applied Sciences Hochschule fr angewandte
www.fh-merseburg.de Wissenschaften FH Mnchen
www.hm.edu
Mittweida
Hochschule Mittweida (FH) Katholische Stiftungs-Fachhochschule
University of Applied Sciences Mnchen, Abteilung Mnchen
www.htwm.de www.ksfh.de
Moritzburg Munich Business School

Evangelische Fachhochschule fr www.munich-business-school.de
Religionspdagogik und Gemeinde-
diakonie macromedia fachhochschule der medien
www.fhs-moritzburg.de www.macromedia-fachhochschule.de
Mnchen Hochschule fr Angewandte Sprachen

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen www.sdi-muenchen.de
www.uni-muenchen.de

Mnster Akademie der Bildenden Knste

Westflische Wilhelms-Universitt in Nrnberg
Mnster www.adbk-nuernberg.de
www.uni-muenster.de
Hochschule fr Musik Nrnberg
Kunstakademie Mnster Augsburg
Hochschule fr Bildende Knste www.hfm-n-a.de
www.kunstakademie-muenster.de
Georg-Simon-Ohm Hochschule Nrnberg
Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule University of Applied Sciences
Mnster www.ohm-hochschule.de
www.pth-muenster.de
Evangelische Fachhochschule Nrnberg
Fachhochschule Mnster www.evfh-nuernberg.de
www.fh-muenster.de Nrtingen
Hochschule fr Wirtschaft und Umwelt
Katholische Fachhochschule Nordrhein- Nrtingen-Geislingen
Westfalen, Abteilung Mnster www.hfwu.de
www.kfhnw.de
Nrtingen
Neubrandenburg Hochschule fr Kunsttherapie Nrtingen
Hochschule Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences
University of Applied Sciences www.fhkt.de
www.fh-nb.de
Oberursel
Neuendettelsau Lutherische Theologische Hochschule
Augustana-Hochschule Oberursel
www.augustana.de www.lthh-oberursel.de
Neu-Ulm Oestrich-Winkel
Fachhochschule Neu-Ulm European Business School (EBS)
www.fh-neu-ulm.de www.ebs.edu
Nordhausen Offenbach
Fachhochschule Nordhausen Hochschule fr Gestaltung
www.fh-nordhausen.de Offenbach am Main
www.hfg-offenbach.de
Nrnberg
Friedrich-Alexander-Universitt
Erlangen-Nrnberg
www.uni-erlangen.de

Offenburg Passau
Hochschule fr Technik, Wirtschaft und Universitt Passau
Medien Offenburg www.uni-passau.de
www.hs-offenburg.de Pforzheim
Hochschule Pforzheim
Oldenburg Gestaltung, Technik, Wirtschaft und Recht
Carl von Ossietzky Universitt Oldenburg www.hs-pforzheim.de
www.uni-oldenburg.de
Pfungstadt
Fachhochschule Oldenburg / Wilhelm Bchner Hochschule
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven Private Fernhochschule Darmstadt
www.fh-oow.de www.wb-fernstudium.de
Osnabrck Pinneberg
Universitt Osnabrck AKAD-Fachhochschule Pinneberg
www.uni-osnabrueck.de www.akad.de
Fachhochschule Osnabrck Potsdam

University of Applied Sciences Universitt Potsdam
www.fh-osnabrueck.de www.uni-potsdam.de
Ottersberg Hochschule fr Film und Fernsehen

Fachhochschule Ottersberg Konrad Wolf Potsdam-Babelsberg
www.fh-ottersberg.de www.hff-potsdam.de
Paderborn Fachhochschule Potsdam

Universitt Paderborn University of Applied Sciences
www.uni-paderborn.de www.fh-potsdam.de
Theologische Fakultt Paderborn UMC Potsdam

www.theofak-pb.de University of Management and
Communication
Katholische Fachhochschule Nordrhein- www.umc-potsdam.de
Westfalen, Abteilung Paderborn
www.kfhnw.de Regensburg
Universitt Regensburg
Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft (FHDW) www.uni-regensburg.de
www.fhdw.de
Hochschule fr Katholische Kirchenmusik
und Musikpdagogik Regensburg
www.hfkm-regensburg.de

Fachhochschule Regensburg Saarbrcken

Hochschule fr Technik, Wirtschaft, Universitt des Saarlandes
Sozialwesen www.uni-saarland.de
www.fh-regensburg.de
Hochschule der Bildenden Knste Saar
Reutlingen www.hbks.uni-sb.de
Hochschule Reutlingen
www.hochschule-reutlingen.de Hochschule fr Musik Saar
www.hfm.saarland.de
Theologisches Seminar Reutlingen
Staatlich anerkannte Fachhochschule der Hochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft
Evangelisch-methodistischen Kirche des Saarlandes
www.theologisches-seminar.de www.htw-saarland.de
Riedlingen Katholische Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit

SRH Fernfachhochschule Riedlingen (FH)
www.fh-riedlingen.de www.khsa.de
Rosenheim Sankt Augustin

Fachhochschule Rosenheim Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule
Hochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft SVD Sankt Augustin
www.fh-rosenheim.de www.philtheol-augustin.de
Rostock Fachhochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg

Universitt Rostock www.fh-bonn-rhein-sieg.de
www.uni-rostock.de
Schmalkalden
Private Hanseuniversitt Rostock Fachhochschule Schmalkalden
www.hanseuni.de www.fh-schmalkalden.de
Hochschule fr Musik und Theater Schwbisch Gmnd

Rostock Pdagogische Hochschule
www.hmt-rostock.de Schwbisch Gmnd
www.ph-gmuend.de
Rottenburg
Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik Hochschule fr Gestaltung
www.hfk-rottenburg.de Schwbisch Gmnd
Hochschule fr Forstwirtschaft www.hfg-gmuend.de
Rottenburg
University of Applied Forest Sciences
www.hs-rottenburg.net

Schwbisch Hall Freie Hochschule Stuttgart

Fachhochschule Schwbisch Hall Seminar fr Waldorfpdagogik
Hochschule fr Gestaltung www.freie-hochschule-stuttgart.de
www.fhsh.de
Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Knste
Schwandorf Stuttgart
Private Fachhochschule Dpfer www.abk-stuttgart.de
www.fh-doepfer.de
Staatliche Hochschule fr Musik und
Senftenberg Darstellende Kunst Stuttgart
Fachhochschule Lausitz www.mh-stuttgart.de
www.fh-lausitz.de Hochschule fr Technik Stuttgart
www.hft-stuttgart.de
Siegen
Universitt Siegen Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart
www.uni-siegen.de www.hdm-stuttgart.de
Sigmaringen AKAD Fachhochschule Stuttgart

Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen www.akad.de
Ingenieur- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften Merz Akademie
www.hs-albsig.de Hochschule fr Gestaltung Stuttgart
www.merz-akademie.de
Speyer
Deutsche Hochschule fr Verwaltungswis- Trier
senschaften Speyer Universitt Trier
www.hfv-speyer.de www.uni-trier.de
Stralsund Theologische Fakultt Trier

Fachhochschule Stralsund www.uni-trier.de/uni/theo
www.fh-stralsund.de Fachhochschule Trier Hochschule fr
Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung
Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences
Universitt Stuttgart www.fh-trier.de
www.uni-stuttgart.de
Trossingen
Universitt Hohenheim Staatliche Hochschule fr Musik
www.uni-hohenheim.de Trossingen
www.mh-trossingen.de

Tbingen Weimar
Eberhard-Karls-Universitt Tbingen Bauhaus-Universitt Weimar
www.uni-tuebingen.de www.uni-weimar.de
Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik der Hochschule fr Musik Franz Liszt

Evangelischen Landeskirche in Weimar
Wrttemberg www.hfm-weimar.de
www.kirchenmusikhochschule.de
Weingarten
Ulm Pdagogische Hochschule Weingarten
Universitt Ulm www.ph-weingarten.de
www.uni-ulm.de
Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten
Hochschule Ulm Technik Wirtschaft Sozialwesen
Technik, Informatik & Medien www.hs-weingarten.de
www.hs-ulm.de
Wernigerode
Vallendar Hochschule Harz
WHU Otto-Beisheim School of Hochschule fr angewandte
Management Wissenschaften (FH)
www.whu.edu www.hs-harz.de
Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Wiesbaden

der Pallottiner Vallendar Fachhochschule Wiesbaden
Theologische Fakultt University of Applied Sciences
www.pthv.de www.fh-wiesbaden.de
Vechta Wildau
Hochschule Vechta (Universitt) Technische Fachhochschule Wildau
www.uni-vechta.de www.tfh-wildau.de
Private Fachhochschule fr Wirtschaft Wilhelmshaven

und Technik Vechta/Diepholz Fachhochschule Oldenburg /
www.fhwt.de Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven
www.fh-oow.de
Wedel
Fachhochschule Wedel Wismar
www.fh-wedel.de Hochschule Wismar
University of Technology, Business and
Weilheim Design
Gustav-Siewerth-Akademie www.hs-wismar.de
www.siewerth-akademie.de

Witten Zwickau
Private Universitt Witten/Herdecke Westschsische Hochschule Zwickau (FH)
www.uni-wh.de University of Applied Sciences
www.fh-zwickau.de
Wolfenbttel
Fachhochschule Braunschweig/
Wolfenbttel
www.fh-wolfenbuettel.de
Worms
Fachhochschule Worms
www.fh-worms.de
Wuppertal
Bergische Universitt Wuppertal
www.uni-wuppertal.de
Kirchliche Hochschule Wuppertal/Bethel

Hochschule fr Kirche und Diakonie
www.kiho-wuppertal.de
Wrzburg
Julius-Maximilians-Universitt Wrzburg
www.uni-wuerzburg.de
Hochschule fr Musik Wrzburg

www.hfm-wuerzburg.de
Fachhochschule Wrzburg-Schweinfurt
www.fh-wuerzburg.de
Zittau
Internationales Hochschulinstitut Zittau
www.ihi-zittau.de
Hochschule Zittau/Grlitz (FH)

www.hs-zigr.de

Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses

Agrobiotechnology / Agrarbiotechnologie
A Agroecology / Agrarkologie
Air Trafc Management / Luftverkehrs-
Accounting / Rechnungswesen management
Adaptronics / Adaptronik Aircraft Construction / Flugzeugbau
Administration and Law / Verwaltung und Albanian Studies / Albanologie
Recht American Studies / Amerikanistik
Administrative Economics, Public Services Ancient Hebrew Studies / Althebraistik
Management / Verwaltungskonomie Ancient Iranian studies / Altiranistik
ffentliches Dienstleistungsmanagement Ancient Oriental Studies / Altorientalische
Administrative Information Systems / Philologie, Altorientalistik
Verwaltungsinformatik Ancient Studies / Altertumswissenschaften
Administrative Studies / Verwaltungswis- Animal Sciences, Livestock Sciences /
senschaft Nutztierwissenschaften
Adult Education / Erwachsenenbildung, Animation / Animation
Andragogik Anthropogeography / Anthropogeographie
Adventure and Experiential Education / Anthropology / Anthropologie
Abenteuer- und Erlebnispdagogik Archaeology / Archologie
Advertising and Market Communication / Archaeology, Christian / Archologie,
Werbung und Marktkommunikation christliche
Aeronautical Systems Engineering and Archaeology, Classical / Archologie,
Management / Luftfahrtsystemtechnik und klassische
-management Archaeometry / Archometrie
Aeronautical Technology / Luftfahrttechnik Architecture / Architektur
Aerospace Engineering / Luft- und Raum- Architecture and Interior Design /
fahrttechnik Architektur und Innenarchitektur
Aesthetics, Art Theory/Art History / Architecture and Town/Urban Planning /
Kunstwissenschaft Architektur und Stdtebau
Aesthetics and Design Studies / Archive Studies / Archivwesen
Kunst- und Designwissenschaft Art / Kunst
African Philology, African Studies / Art Education / Kunstpdagogik
Afrikanische Philologie, Afrikanistik Art History / Kunstgeschichte
Agricultural Economics, Agronomy / Art Therapy / Kunsttherapie
Agrarwirtschaft, Agrarkonomie Asian Studies / Asienwissenschaften
Agricultural Marketing and Management / Assyrian Studies / Assyriologie
Agrarmarketing und Agrarmanagement Astronautics and Space Engineering,
Agricultural Sciences / Agrarwissen- Space Technology / Raumfahrttechnik
schaften Astronomy / Astronomie
Agriculture Sciences and Environmental Astrophysics / Astrophysik
Management / Agrarwissenschaften und Auditing / Wirtschaftsprfung
Umweltmanagement
Agrobiology / Agrarbiologie

Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses 205
Auditing, Tax and Management Consul-

tancy / Wirtschaftsprfung, Steuer- und
Unternehmensberatung
B
Aural Theory / Gehrbildung Ballet / Ballett
Austronesian Studies / Austronesistik Baltic Management Studies /
Automation and Robotics / Baltic Management Studies
Automation and Robotics Baltic Studies / Baltistik
Automation Engineering / Banking and Finance Management /
Automatisierungstechnik Bank- und Finanzmanagement
Automotive and Motor Engineering / Barrier-Free Systems / Barrierefreie
Fahrzeug- und Motorentechnik Systeme
Automotive and Transport Engineering / Basic Mathematical Research /
Fahrzeug- und Verkehrstechnik Mathematische Grundlagenforschung
Automotive Engineering / Beverage Technology / Getrnke-
Automobiltechnik technologie
Automotive Engineering and Rail Vehicle Biochemical Engineering / Biochemie-
Engineering / Kraftfahrzeugtechnik und technik
Schienenfahrzeugtechnik Biochemistry / Biochemie
Automotive Industry / Biochemistry and Molecular Biology /
Automobilwirtschaft Biochemie und Molekularbiologie
Automotive Management / Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology /
Automotive Management Biochemie und molekulare Zellbiologie
Automotive Manufacturing, Automotive Bioengineering / Bioingenieurwesen
Engineering / Fahrzeugbau, Fahrzeug- Bio-Geo Analysis / BioGeo-Analyse
technik Biogeography / Biogeographie
Automotive Mechatronics / Bioinformatics / Biological Information
Fahrzeugmechatronik Systems / Bioinformatik
Automotive Systems Engineering / Bioinformatics and Genome Research /
Automobilsystemtechnik Bioinformatik und Genomforschung
Automotive Technology and Biological Analysis / Bio-Analytik
Management / Biological and Environmental Process
Automobiltechnologie und -management Engineering / Bio- und Umweltverfahrens-
Autonomous Systems / technik
Autonome Systeme Biological and Process Technology /
Auxiliary Sciences of History / Historische Bio- und Prozesstechnologie
Hilfswissenschaften Biological Diversity and Ecology /
Aviation Business Piloting and Airline Biologische Diversitt und kologie
Management / Aviation Business Pilo- Biology / Biologie
ting and Airline Management Biomathematics / Biomathematik
Biomedical Engineering /
Biomedizintechnik
Biomedicine / Biomedizin

Bionics / Bionik Business Communication / Wirtschafts-

Biopharmaceutical Technology / kommunikation
Biopharmazeutische Technologie Business Informatics, Business Infor-
Biophysics / Biophysik mation Systems / Wirtschaftsinformatik
Bioprocess Engineering / Business Law, Commercial Law, Company
Bioverfahrenstechnik Law / Wirtschaftsrecht
Bioscientic Documentation / Business Management for Small and
Biowissenschaftliche Dokumentation Medium-sized Enterprises /
Biotechnologies and Nanotechnologies / Betriebswirtschaft fr kleine und mittlere
Bio- und Nanotechnologien Unternehmen
Biotechnology / Biotechnologie Business Mathematics / Wirtschafts-
Bohemian Studies, Slovakian Studies / mathematik
Bohemistik, Slovakistik Business Physics / Wirtschaftsphysik
Book Science / Buchwissenschaft Business Psychology / Wirtschafts-
Book Trade, Publishing Industry / psychologie
Buchhandel, Verlagswirtschaft Business Translating / Wirtschafts-
Brewing and Beverage Technology / bersetzen
Brauwesen und Getrnketechnologie Byzantine Studies / Byzantinistik
British Studies, British Literary and
Cultural Studies / Britische Literatur- und
Kulturwissenschaft C
Building and Property Management /
Bau- und Immobilienmanagement Camera / Kamera
Building Conservation, Conservation of the Canadian Studies / Kanadistik
Built Environment/Heritage / Pege des Caritas Science, Charity Studies / Caritas-
Bauerbes wissenschaft
Building History / Baugeschichte Cartography / Kartographie
Building Industry / Bauwirtschaft Cartography and Geomedia-Technology /
Building Materials Engineering / Baustoff- Kartographie und Geomedientechnik
ingenieurwesen Cartography und Geomatics / Kartographie
Building Physics / Bauphysik und Geomatik
Building Technology, applied / Bautechno- Catalan / Katalanisch
logie, angewandte Caucasian Studies / Kaukasiologie
Built Heritage Conservation / Denkmalpege Cell Biology / Zellbiologie
Bulgarian Studies / Bulgaristik Cellular and Molecular Biology / Zellulre
Business Administration for Top-Class und Molekularbiologie
Athletes / Betriebswirtschaftslehre fr Celtic Studies / Keltologie
Spitzensportler Central Asian Studies / Zentralasienwis-
Business Administration, Business senschaften
Management / Betriebswirtschaftslehre Ceramic, Glass and Building Materials
Business and Environmental Law / Technology / Keramik-, Glas-, Baustoff-
Wirtschafts- und Umweltrecht technik

Ceramics / Keramik Cognitive Computer Science / Kognitive

Chemical and Environmental Engineer- Informatik
ing / Chemie- und Umwelttechnik Cognitive Linguistics / Kognitive
Chemical Biology / Chemische Biologie Linguistik
Chemical Engineering / Chemieingenieur- Cognitive Science / Kognitionswissen-
wesen schaft
Chemical Engineering / Chemietechnik Commercial Management / Handels-
Chemical Engineering Paints-Varnishes- management
Environment / Chemieingenieurwesen Commercial Vehicle Technology (CVT) /
Farbe-Lack-Umwelt Nutzfahrzeugtechnik
Chemistry / Chemie Communication and Information Techno-
Chemistry and Biochemistry / Chemie und logy / Kommunikations- und Informati-
Biochemie onstechnologie
Chemistry and Biotechnology / Chemie Communication and Media Engineering /
und Biotechnologie Kommunikations- und Medientechnik
Chemistry with Marketing, Business Communication and Media Science /
Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry / Kommunikations- und Medienwissen-
Wirtschaftschemie schaft
Chinese Language and Literature / Communication and Multimedia Manage-
Chinesische Sprache und Literatur ment / Kommunikation- und Multimedia-
Chinese Philosophy and History / management
Chinesische Philosophie und Geschichte Communication Design / Kommunika-
Choreography / Choreographie tionsdesign
Church History / Kirchengeschichte Communication Management / Kommu-
Church Music / Kirchenmusik nikationsmanagement
Church Music, Catholic / Kirchenmusik, Communication Psychology / Kommuni-
katholische kationspsychologie
Church Music, Protestant / Kirchenmusik, Communication Research and Phonetics /
evangelische Kommunikationsforschung und Phonetik
Civil Engineering / Bauingenieurwesen Communication Science (applied) / Kom-
Civil Law / Zivilrecht munikationswissenschaft (angewandte)
Climatology / Klimatologie Communications Engineering / Kommu-
Clinical Engineering, Hospital Engineer- nikationstechnik
ing / Krankenhaustechnik, Medizintechnik Company Management, Corporate
Clinical Linguistics / Klinische Linguistik Management / Unternehmensfhrung
Clothing Design / Bekleidungsgestaltung Comparative and European Law /
Clothing Technology, Clothing Enginee- Vergleichendes und Europisches Recht
ring / Bekleidungstechnik Comparative Cultural Studies /
Coaching / Korrepetition Vergleichende Kulturwissenschaft
Coastal Geosciences and Engineering / Comparative Linguistics / Vergleichende
Geo- und Ingenieurwissenschaften der Sprachwissenschaft
Ksten

Comparative Literary Studies (Comparative Computer Science, Mobile Systems /

Literature) / Vergleichende Literaturwis- Informatik, Mobile Systeme
senschaft (Komparatistik) Computer Technology, Computer Enginee-
Comparative Political Research / ring / Computertechnik
Vergleichende Politikforschung Computer Vision and Computational Intel-
Comparative Social Science / ligence / Bilderkennungen und intelligente
Vergleichende Sozialwissenschaft Informationssysteme
Composition / Komposition Computer-aided Engineering / Computer-
Computational Life Science / gesttzte Ingenieurwissenschaften
Computational Life Science Conducting / Dirigieren
Computational Logic / Computational Conference Interpreting / Konferenz-
Logic dolmetschen
Computational Mathematics / Computer- Conservation and Restoration / Konservie-
mathematik rung und Restaurierung
Computational Visualistics, Computational Conservation of New Media and Digital In-
Imaging / Computervisualistik formation / Konservierung Neuer Medien
Computer Graphics and Image Process- und Digitaler Information
ing / Computergrak und Bildverarbeitung Constitutional Law, International Law /
Computer Linguistics, Linguistic Infor- Staatsrecht Vlkerrecht
mation Systems, Linguistic Data Process- Constitutional, Social and Economic
ing / Computerlinguistik, Linguistische In- History / Verfassungs-, Sozial- und Wirt-
formatik, Linguistische Datenverarbeitung schaftsgeschichte
Computer Networking, Network Enginee- Construction Site Management /
ring / Netzwerktechnik Baubetrieb
Computer Science (applied) / Informatik Consumer Science, Consumer Studies /
(angewandte) Verbraucherwissenschaft
Computer Science and Multimedia / Contemporary History / Zeitgeschichte
Informatik und Multimedia Content Management / Content-Manage-
Computer Science for Vehicle Engineer- ment
ing / Fahrzeuginformatik Controlling / Controlling
Computer Science in Banking and Coptic studies / Koptologie
Finance / Informatik im Bank- und Corporate Vocational Training and
Finanzwesen Vocational Training Management /
Computer Science in Communications, Betriebliche Berufsbildung und Berufs-
Communications Information Systems / bildungsmanagement
Kommunikationsinformatik Corrosion Protection Technology,
Computer Science in Construction, Anticorrosion Technology/Engineering /
Construction Information Systems / Bau- Korrosionsschutztechnik
informatik Counseling / Beratung
Computer Science in Materials Enginee- Crafts Management / Handwerks-
ring, Materials Engineering Information management
Systems / Werkstofnformatik

Creative Writing and Cultural Democracy Studies / Demokratie-

Journalism / Kreatives Schreiben und wissenschaft
Kulturjournalismus Dental Technology / Dentaltechnologie
Crop Biotechnology / Panzen- Dentistry / Zahnmedizin
biotechnologie Design / Design, Gestaltung
Crop Sciences / Panzenbauwissen- Development Management / Development
schaften Management
Cruise Industry Management / Digital Media / Digitale Medien
Seetouristik Direction / Regie
Cultural Anthropology / Kultur- Discrete and Computational Mathema-
anthropologie tics / Diskrete und Computerorientierte
Cultural Computer Science, Cultural Infor- Mathematik
mation Systems / Kulturinformatik Documentary and Television Journalism /
Cultural Education / Kulturpdagogik Dokumentarlm und Fernsehpublizistik
Cultural Engineering, Knowledge Documentation / Dokumentation
Management, Logistics / Kulturwissen- Drama / Schauspiel
schaft, Wissensmanagement, Logistik Drama Theatre Directing / Schauspiel-
Cultural Geography / Kulturgeographie theater-Regie
Cultural History, American / Kultur- Dramaturgy, Theatrical Art / Dramaturgie
geschichte, amerikanische
Cultural Journalism / Kulturjournalismus
Cultural Management / Kultur-
management
E
Cultural Philosophy / Kulturphilosophie Early Child Education / Frhkindliche
Cultural Studies / Kulturwissenschaft Bildung und Erziehung
Cultural Work / Kulturarbeit Early Education / Bildung und Erziehung
Culture, Leisure and Sports Management / im Kindesalter
Kultur-, Freizeit-, Sportmanagement Early German Literary Studies /
Czech / Tschechisch ltere Deutsche Literaturwissenschaft
Early History, Near East / Vorderasiatische
Altertumskunde
D Earth and Space Sciences / Earth and
Space Sciences
Dairy Science and Technology / Milch- East Asian Studies / Ostasienwissen-
wissenschaft und -technologie schaften
Dance / Tanz Eastern European Studies / Osteuropa-
Dance Education / Tanzpdagogik Studien
Danish / Dnisch East-West Studies / Ost-West-Studien
Data Analysis and Data Management / Ecological Farming and Marketing, Orga-
Datenanalyse und Datenmanagement nic Farming and Marketing / kolandbau
Data and Knowledge Management / Daten und Vermarktung
und Wissensverwaltung

Ecological Impact Assessment / Umwelt- Ecotrophology, Nutrition and Dietetics,

folgenabschtzung Domestic and Nutritional Science /
Ecological/Organic Farming / kologische Oecotrophologie, Ernhrung und Ditetik
Landwirtschaft Ecumenical Studies / Ecumenical Studies
Ecology / kologie Education / Erziehungswissenschaft,
Ecology and Diversity / kologie und Pdagogik
Vielfalt Education / Bildungswissenschaft
Economic and Employment/Industrial Education in Business, Business
Relations Law / Wirtschafts- und Arbeits- Education / Wirtschaftspdagogik
recht Educational Economics / Bildungs-
Economic and Social History / konomie
Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte Educational Management / Bildungs-
Economic and Social Psychology / management
Wirtschafts- und Sozialpsychologie Educational Planning, Instructional
Economic Geography / Wirtschafts- Design / Bildungsplanung, Instructional
geographie Design
Economic Policy, Industrial Policy / Educational Psychology / Pdagogische
Wirtschaftspolitik Psychologie
Economics, Political Economy / Volkswirt- Egyptology / gyptologie
schaftslehre Electrical and Microsystems Engineering /
Economics / Wirtschaftswissenschaft Elektro- und Mikrosystemtechnik
Economics and Finance / Wirtschaft und Electrical Communication Engineering /
Finanzen Nachrichtentechnik
Economics and Law / Wirtschaft und Electrical Engineering / Elektrotechnik
Recht Electrical Engineering and Information
Economics and Organisational Technology / Elektro- und Informations-
Science / Wirtschafts- und Organisations- technik
wissenschaften Electrical Power Engineering / Elektrische
Economics and Politics / Wirtschaft und Energietechnik
Politik Electrical, Lighting and Automation
Economics and Politics of Eastern Asia / Systems / Elektro-, Licht- und Automatisie-
Wirtschaft und Politik Ostasiens rungstechnische Systeme
Economics of Small and Medium-sized Electromagnetic, Optical and Microwave
Enterprise / Mittelstandskonomie Engineering / Elektromagnetische-, Op-
Economy / konomie tische- und Mikrowellentechnik
Ecotrophology, Domestic and Nutritional Electronic Business / Electronic Business
Science / Oecotrophologie, kotrophologie Electronics / Elektronik
Ecotrophology and Facility Management, Embedded Systems and Microrobotics /
Domestic and Nutritional Science and Eingebettete Systeme und Mikrorobotik
Facility Management / Oecotrophologie Empirical Economics and Political
und Facility Management Advice / Empirische konomik und
Politikberatung

Empirical Economics, Business Admini- Environmental Engineering / Umwelt-

stration and Social Sciences / Empirische ingenieurwesen
Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften Environmental Management and Infra-
Energy and Environmental Engineering / structure Planning in Conurbations/Built-
Energie- und Umwelttechnik Up Areas/Metropolitan Areas / Umwelt-
Energy and Environmental Management / management und Infrastrukturplanung in
Energie- und Umweltmanagement Ballungsrumen
Energy and Natural Resources / Energie Environmental Measurement Engineer-
und Rohstoffe ing / Umweltmesstechnik
Energy and Process Engineering / Environmental Physics / Umweltphysik
Energie- und Prozesstechnik Environmental Planning and Manage-
Energy and Recycling Management / ment / Umweltplanung und -management
Energie- und Recycling-Management Environmental Process Engineering /
Energy Engineering / Energietechnik Umweltverfahrenstechnik
Energy Management / Energiewirtschaft Environmental Protection / Umweltschutz
Engineering / Ingenieurwissenschaften Environmental Protection and Agricultu-
Engineering Computing, Engineering In- ral Food Production / Umweltschutz und
formation Systems / Ingenieurinformatik agraische Lebensmittelproduktion
Engineering Ecology / Ingenieurkologie Environmental Protection Engineering /
Engineering Physics / Physikingenieur- Umweltschutztechnik
wesen Environmental Sciences (applied) /
English and American Studies / Umweltwissenschaften (angewandte)
Anglistik und Amerikanistik Environmental, Hygiene and Safety Engi-
English Speaking Cultures / Englische neering / Umwelt-, Hygiene- und Sicher-
Kulturwissenschaft heitstechnik
English Studies / Englische Philologie, Ergo therapy / Ergotherapie
Anglistik Ergonomics, Work Design / Arbeits-
English Studies and Media Management / gestaltung
Anglistik und Medienmanagement Ethics / Ethik
Environmental and Bioengineering / Ethnology / Ethnologie, Vlkerkunde
Umwelt- und Bioingenieurwissenschaft Eurhythmics / Eurythmie
Environmental and Energy Process European Administrative Management /
Engineering / Umwelt- und Energie- Europisches Verwaltungsmanagement
prozesstechnik European Art History / Europische Kunst-
Environmental and Resource Manage- geschichte
ment / Umwelt- und Ressourcenmanage- European Business Administration /
ment Europische Betriebswirtschaftslehre
Environmental Chemistry / Umwelt- European Business Law / Europisches
chemie Wirtschaftsrecht
Environmental Computing, Environmental
Information Systems / Umweltinformatik

European Community Education Studies / Facility and Environmental Engineering /

European Community Education Studies Gebude- und Umwelttechnik
European Cultural History / Europische Facility and Infrastructural Management /
Kulturgeschichte Gebude- und Infrastrukturmanagement
European Economics / Europische Wirt- Facility Climate Control / Gebudeklimatik
schaft Facility Management / Facility Manage-
European Ethnology, Cultural Studies / ment
Europische Ethnologie, Kulturwissen- Family Education / Familienpdagogik
schaft Farming / Landwirtschaft
European Labour Studies / Europische Farming and Horticultural Studies/
Arbeitswissenschaft Sciences / Land- und Gartenbauwissen-
European Linguistics / Europische schaft
Sprachwissenschaft Fashion Design / Modedesign
European Management / Europisches Film / Film
Management Film and Television Drama Script-
European Media Studies / Europische writing / Film- und Fernsehdramaturgie
Medienwissenschaft Drehbuch
European Political Studies / Europische Film and TV / Film und Fernsehen
Politikwissenschaften Film and TV Directing / Film- und
European Studies / Europa-Studien Fernsehregie
European Tourism Management / Film Music / Filmmusik
Europisches Tourismusmanagement Film Studies / Filmwissenschaft
Event Engineering / Veranstaltungstechnik Financial Management / Finanz-
Event Management / Veranstaltungs- management
management Financial Mathematics / Finanz-
Exhibition, Conference and Event Manage- mathematik
ment / Messe-, Kongress- und Eventma- Financial Services / Finanzdienst-
nagement leistungen
Experimental Physics / Experimental- Fine Arts / Bildende Kunst
physik Finno-Ugrian Philology, Finno-Ugrian
Studies / Finnisch-ugrische Philologie,
Finnougristik
F Fire Control and Protection / Brandschutz
Fisheries Management and Aquaculture /
Facilities Engineering / Gebudetechnik Fischwirtschaft und Gewsserbewirtschaf-
Facilities Engineering / Technische tung
Gebudeausrstung Folk Music / Volksmusik
Facilities Engineering Management / Food and Agribusiness/Agronomy /
Technisches Gebudemanagement Lebensmittel und Agrarwirtschaft
Facility and Energy Engineering / Food and Resource Economics /
Gebude- und Energietechnik Lebensmittel- und Ressourcenwirtschaft
Food Chemistry / Lebensmittelchemie

Food Engineering / Lebensmitteltechnik

Food Management / Lebensmittelwirt-
schaft
G
Food Packaging Technology / Lebens- Game Design / Gamedesign
mittelverpackungstechnologie Gem and Jewellery Design / Edelstein- und
Food Science / Lebensmittelwissenschaft Schmuckdesign
Food Technology and Biotechnology / Gender Studies / Geschlechterforschung,
Technologie und Biotechnologie der Geschlechterstudien
Lebensmittel Geodesy, Geodetic Engineering / Geodsie
Food, Nutrition, Hygiene / Lebensmittel, Geoecology / Geokologie
Ernhrung, Hygiene Geography (applied) / Erdkunde,
Foreign Languages in Adult Education / Geographie (angewandte)
Fremdsprachen in der Erwachsenen- Geoinformatics / Geoinformatik
bildung Geo-information / Geoinformation
Foreign Languages, Modern / Neuere Geology / Geologie
Fremdsprachen Geo-Ocean Dynamics / Geo-Ocean
Forest and Wood Management / Forst- Dynamics
und Holzwirtschaft Geophysics (applied) / Geophysik
Forest Information Technology, Forest (angewandte)
Information Systems / Informations- Georesources Management /
technik in den Forstwissenschaften Georessourcenmanagement
Forest Management / Wald- und Forst- Geosciences (applied) / Geowissenschaften
wirtschaft (angewandte)
Forest Management and Environment / Geosciences and Environment /
Waldwirtschaft und Umwelt Geowissenschaft und Umwelt
Forestry / Forstwissenschaften Geotechnics and Mining / Geotechnik und
Forestry and Wood Ecology / Forstwissen- Bergbau
schaften und Waldkologie German / Deutsch
Foundry Engineering / Giessereitechnik German and European Business/
French Cultural Studies and Cross- Commercial/Company Law / Deutsches
Cultural Communication / Franzsische und Europisches Wirtschaftsrecht
Kulturwissenschaft und Interkulturelle German and Polish Law / Deutsches und
Kommunikation Polnisches Recht
French Studies / Frankreichstudien German as a Foreign Language / Deutsch
Fuel Engineering / Brennstofngenieur- als Fremdsprache
wesen German Language and Literature of the
Future Energies / Zukunftsenergien Middle Ages / Deutsche Sprache und Lite-
ratur des Mittelalters, Medivistik
German Linguistics / Deutsche Sprach-
wissenschaft
German Literary Studies / Deutsche
Literaturwissenschaft

German Studies, Culture and Communi- Health and Social Management /

cation / Germanistik, Kultur und Kommu- Gesundheits- und Sozialwirtschaft
nikation Health and Social Services / Gesundheits-
German Studies, German Philology / und Sozialwesen
Germanistik, Deutsche Philologie Health Economy/Management /
German-French Studies / Gesundheitswirtschaft
Deutsch-Franzsische Studien Health Insurance Management / Kranken-
German-Italian Studies / versicherungsmanagement
Deutsch-Italienische Studien Health Management / Gesundheits-
Gerontology / Gerontologie management
Glass Design / Glasgestaltung Health Promotion / Gesundheitsfrderung
Global Brand Management / Globales Health Sciences / Gesundheitswissen-
Markenmanagement schaften
Global Horticulture / Globale Gartenbau- Health System Technical Medical
wissenschaft Studies / Gesundheitswesen Technische
Global Industrial Management / Globales Medizinwirtschaft
Industriemanagement Hearing Acoustics / Hrakustik
Global Political Economy / Globale Volks- Hearing Aid Technology and Audiology /
wirtschaftslehre Hrtechnik und Audiologie
Global Studies / Globalwissenschaften Historical Music Instruments /
Global Technology Management / Historische Musikinstrumente
Globales Technologiemanagement History / Geschichte, Geschichts-
Goldsmithing and Silversmithing / wissenschaft
Gold- und Silberschmieden History and Culture in Africa / Geschichte
Governance / Politische Steuerung und und Kultur in Afrika
Koordination History of Eastern and South Eastern
Governance & Public Policy / Staats- Europe / Geschichte Ost- und
wissenschaften Sdosteuropas
Graphic Design / Grakdesign History of Latin America / Geschichte
Graphics / Grak Lateinamerikas
Greek Philology / Griechische Philologie, History of Science / Wissenschafts-
Grzistik geschichte
History of South Asia / Geschichte
Sdasiens
H History of the Early Modern Age /
Geschichte der Frhen Neuzeit
Hazard Control / Hazard Control History of the Islamic Art / Geschichte der
Health and Nursing Management / Islamischen Kunst
Gesundheits- und Pegemanagement History of the Natural Sciences and Tech-
Health and Nutrition / Gesundheit und nology / Geschichte der Naturwissenschaft
Ernhrung und Technik
History, Ancient / Geschichte, alte

History, Anglo-American / Geschichte, Indo-European studies / Indogermanistik

angloamerikanische Indology / Indologie
History, Contemporary / Geschichte, Industrial and Physical Engineering /
neueste Industrie- und Physiktechnik
History, Eastern Europe / Geschichte, Industrial Computing, Industrial Informa-
osteuropische tion Systems / Industrieinformatik
History, European / Geschichte, Industrial Design / Industriedesign
europische Industrial Electronics / Industrieelektronik
History, Iberian and Latin American / Industrial Engineering Automotive
Geschichte, iberische und lateinamerika- Technology / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
nische Automobiltechnologie
History, Medieval / Geschichte, mittel- Industrial Engineering Chemistry /
alterliche, mittlere Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Chemie
History, Modern / Geschichte, neuere Industrial Engineering Civil Engineer-
Horticultural Management / Gartenbau- ing / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Bauin-
Management genieurwesen
Horticultural Science / Gartenbau- Industrial Engineering Computer
wissenschaften Science / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Hospital Facilities Management / Informatik
Krankenhaustechnik-Management Industrial Engineering Electrical
Hospital Operations, Health and Social Engineering and Information Technology /
Economics / Krankenhauswesen, Gesund- Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Elektro-
heits- und Sozialkonomie technik und Informationstechnik
Hotel Management / Hotelmanagement Industrial Engineering Energy Engi-
Human Biology / Humanbiologie neering / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Hydrography / Hydrographie Energietechnik
Hydrology / Hydrologie Industrial Engineering Environment /
Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Umwelt
Industrial Engineering Logistics,
I Transport / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Logistik, Transport
Ibero-Romance Philology / Industrial Engineering Mechanical
Iberoromanische Philologie Engineering / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Imaging Physics / Imaging Physics Maschinenbau
Inclusive Early Education / Integrative Industrial Engineering Project Ma-
Frhpdagogik nagement / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Inclusive Education / Integrative Projektmanagement
Heilpdagogik Industrial Engineering Sales and Marke-
In-Company Education / Betriebs- ting / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Vertrieb
pdagogik Industrial Engineering Telecommuni-
Indo-European Philology / cations / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Indogermanische Sprachwissenschaft Telekommunikation

Industrial Engineering Transport Information Technology in Mechanical

Engineering / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Engineering / Informationstechnik im
Verkehrsmanagement Maschinenwesen
Industrial Engineering and Information Infrastructure and Environment /
Technology / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Infrastruktur und Umwelt
und Informationstechnik Infrastructure Management / Infrastruk-
Industrial Engineering in Craftsmanship / turmanagement
Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen im Handwerk Innovation Management / Innovation
Industrial Engineering, Technical Management
Management / Wirtschaftsingenieur- Instructional and Training Psychology /
wesen, Technische Betriebswirtschaft Lehr-, Lern- und Trainingspsychologie
Industrial Management / Industrie- Instrumental Music / Instrumentalmusik
management Insurance and Finance / Versicherung und
Information and Automation Engineer- Finanzen
ing / Informations- und Automatisierungs- Insurance Studies, Insurance Manage-
technik ment, Actuarial Studies / Versicherungs-
Information and Communication Enginee- wesen, Versicherungswirtschaft
ring / Informations- und Kommunikati- Integrated Design / Integriertes Design
onstechnik Integrated Power Plant Engineering /
Information and Communication Manage- Integrated Power Plant Engineering
ment / Informations- und Kommunikati- Integrated Product Development /
onsmanagement Integrierte Produktentwicklung
Information and Communication Integrated Social and Cognitive Psycho-
Science / Informations- und Kommunika- logy / Integrierte Soziale und Kognitive
tionswissenschaft Psychologie
Information and Electrical Engineering / Integrative Neurosciences / Integrative
Informations- und Elektrotechnik Neurowissenschaften
Information and Knowledge Manage- Intelligent Systems / Intelligente Systeme
ment / Informations- und Wissensma- Interaction Design / Interaktionsdesign
nagement Intercultural Communication / Inter-
Information and Media Technologies / kulturelle Kommunikation
Informations- und Medientechnologie Intercultural European and American
Information Management / Informations- Studies / Interkulturelle Europa- und
management Amerikastudien
Information Science / Informations- Intercultural Management / Inter-
wissenschaft kulturelles Management
Information Science and Language Tech- Interface Design / Schnittstellendesign
nology / Informationswissenschaft und Interior Design / Innenarchitektur
Sprachtechnologie International Accounting and Taxation /
Information Technology / Informations- Internationales Rechnungs- und Steuer-
technologie wesen

International Agriculture Trade / International Information Management /

Internationaler Agrarhandel Internationales Informationsmanagement
International Business Administration / International Insurance / Internationales
Internationale Betriebswirtschaftslehre Versicherungswesen
International Business Development / International Law / Internationales Recht
Internationale Wirtschaftsentwicklung International Management / Inter-
International Business, International nationales Management
Management / Auenwirtschaft, Inter- International Management and Marke-
nationales Management ting / Internationales Management und
International Civil Engineering / Inter- Marketing
nationales Bauingenieurwesen International Marketing / Internationales
International Commercial Management / Marketing
Internationales Handelsmanagement International Marketing and Business
International Communication Manage- Communication / Internationales Marke-
ment / Internationales Kommunikations- ting und Wirtschaftskommunikation
management International Material Flow Management /
International Ecological/Organic Agricul- Internationales Stoffstrommanagement
ture / Internationale kologische Landwirt- International Personnel (Human Re-
schaft source) Management and Organisation /
International Economic/Commercial/ Internationales Personalmanagement und
Company Law / Internationales Wirt- Organisation
schaftsrecht International Politics and History / Inter-
International Economics / Internationale nationale Politik und Geschichte
Wirtschaftswissenschaften International Project Management / Inter-
International Economics, International nationales Projektmanagement
Political Economy / Internationale Volks- International Relations / Internationale
wirtschaftslehre Beziehungen
International Economics/Business / Inter- International Resource and Environmental
nationale Wirtschaft Management / Internationales Ressour-
International Finance and Accounting / cen- und Umweltmanagement
Internationales Finanz- und Rechnungs- International Sales and Purchasing Engi-
wesen neering / Internationales Vertriebs- und
International Forest Ecosystem Manage- Einkaufsingenieurwesen
ment / Internationales Waldkosystem- International Social Sciences / Inter-
Management nationale Sozialwissenschaften
International Forest Management / Inter- International Studies of Global Manage-
nationale Waldwirtschaft ment / Internationaler Studiengang Global
International Hotel and Tourism Manage- Management
ment / Internationales Hotel- & Touris- International Tourism Management /
musmanagement Internationales Tourismusmanagement
International Industrial Engineering / International Trade Relations / Inter-
Internationales Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen nationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen

International Viniculture/Viticulture/
Oenology / Internationale Weinwirtschaft
International Vocational Education / Inter-
L
nationale Berufsbildung Labour Policies and Globalisation /
Internet Business Engineering / Internet Arbeitspolitik und Globalisierung
Business Engineering Labour Studies, Human Work Factors,
Internet Economics / Internet Economics Ergonomics / Arbeitswissenschaft
Internet Science and Technology / Internet Land Use (Agriculture and Horticulture) /
Science and Technology Landnutzung (Agrarwissenschaften und
Interpreting / Dolmetschen Gartenbauwissenschaften)
Interreligious Studies / Interreligise Land Use and Water Supply Management /
Studien Landnutzung und Wasserbewirtschaftung
Islamic Art and Archaeology / Islamische Landscape Architecture / Landschafts-
Kunst und Archologie architektur
Islamic Studies / Islamwissenschaft Landscape Conservation / Landespege
IT Systems Engineering / IT-System- Landscape Design / Landschaftsgestaltung
technik Landscape Development, Landscape
Italian Studies / Italienstudien Gardening / Landschaftsentwicklung,
Landschaftsbau
Landscape Ecology / Landschaftskologie
J Landscape Planning / Landschaftsplanung
Language and Communication Studies /
Japanese Studies / Japanwissenschaften, Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft
Japanologie Language and Economics / Sprachen und
Jazz and Popular Music / Jazz und Wirtschaft
Popularmusik Language and Text Technology /
Jewellery Design / Schmuckdesign Sprach- und Texttechnologie
Jewish Studies / Jdische Studien Language Teaching Research /
Journalism / Journalismus, Journalistik Sprachlehrforschung
Journalism, Publishing and Media Language Therapy / Sprachtherapie
Studies / Publizistik Languages and Cultures of Austronesia /
Journalism, Technology Communica- Sprachen und Kulturen Austronesiens
tion / Journalismus und Technik-Kommu- Languages and Cultures of the Christian
nikation Orient / Sprachen und Kulturen des
Judaic Studies / Judaistik Christlichen Orients
Languages for Business Purposes (ap-
plied) / Wirtschaftssprachen (angewandte)
K Laser and Optical Technologies /
Laser- und Optotechnologien
Korean Studies / Koreanistik Latin / Latein
Latin American Studies / Lateinamerika-
studien, Lateinamerikanistik

Latin Philology, Latin Studies / Lateinische

Philologie, Latinistik
Law / Rechtswissenschaft
M
Law of Information, Right of Information, Make-Up Art / Maskenbild
Right to Information, Information Law / Management / Management, Wirtschaft
Informationsrecht Marine Geosciences / Marine
Leather Processing and Shoe Engineer- Geowissenschaften
ing / Lederverarbeitung, Schuhtechnik Marine Microbiology / Marine
Leisure and Tourism Management / Mikrobiologie
Freizeit- und Tourismusmanagement Maritime Technology / Maritime
Leisure Studies, applied / Freizeit- Technologien
wissenschaft, angewandte Maritime Trafc / Seeverkehr
Library and Information Studies / Maritime Trafc and Port Management /
Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft Seeverkehrs- und Hafenwirtschaft
Library and Media Management / Market and Communication Research /
Bibliotheks- und Medienmanagement Markt- und Kommunikationsforschung
Library Studies / Bibliothekswissenschaft Marketing / Marketing
Life Sciences / Biowissenschaften, Lebens- Material and Product Design /
wissenschaften Material- und Produktdesign
Life Sciences Engineering / Life Sciences Material Technology / Materialtechnik
Engineering (angewandte)
Lighting Design / Lichtgestaltung, Licht- Materials and Surface Engineering /
design Werkstoff- und Oberchentechnik
Lightweight Engineering / Leichtbau Materials Engineering / Werkstofftechnik
Linguistic Engineering / Sprach- Materials Engineering Glass and Cera-
technologien mics / Werkstofftechnik Glas und Keramik
Linguistics / Linguistik, Sprach- Materials Science / Materialwissenschaft,
wissenschaft Werkstoffwissenschaften
Literary History, Modern German / Mathematical Financial Economics /
Neuere deutsche Literaturwissenschaft Mathematische Finanzkonomie
Literary Studies / Literaturwissenschaft Mathematics (applied) / Mathematik
Literary Translating / Literaturbersetzen (angewandte)
Literature and Cultural Studies (applied) / Mechanical Engineering / Maschinenbau,
Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft Maschinenwesen, Maschinentechnik
(angewandte) Mechanical Engineering Aerospace
Lithography / Lithograe Engineering / Maschinenbau Luft- und
Logics and Theory of Science / Logik und Raumfahrttechnik
Wissenschaftstheorie Mechanical Engineering Applied
Logistics / Logistik Mechanics / Maschinenbau Angewandte
Logopaedics / Logopdie, Lehr- und Mechanik
Forschungslogopdie

Mechanical Engineering Computer-aided Mechanical Systems Production and

Engineering / Maschinenbau Computer Quality Management / Maschinentechnik
Aided Engineering Produktions- und Qualittsmanagement
Mechanical Engineering Design Tech- Mechanical Systems Quality and Envi-
niques / Maschinenbau Konstruktions- ronmental Management / Maschinentech-
technik nik Qualitts- und Umweltmanagement
Mechanical Engineering Development Mechanics (applied) / Mechanik
and Design / Maschinenbau Entwick- (angewandte)
lung und Konstruktion Mechatronics (applied) / Mechatronik
Mechanical Engineering Energy Engi- (angewandte)
neering / Maschinenbau Energietechnik Media Art / Medienkunst
Mechanical Engineering Facilities En- Media Computing, Media Information
gineering / Maschinenbau Technische Systems / Medieninformatik
Gebudeausrstung Media Consulting, Media Consultancy /
Mechanical Engineering Product Medienberatung
Development and Technical Planning / Media Culture / Medienkultur
Maschinenbau Produktentwicklung und Media Design / Mediendesign, Medien-
Technische Planung gestaltung
Mechanical Engineering Production Media Economics/Management (applied) /
Engineering / Maschinenbau Produk- Medienwirtschaft (angewandte)
tionstechnik, Fertigungstechnik Media Education / Medienpdagogik
Mechanical Engineering Renewable Media Engineering / Medientechnik
Energies / Maschinenbau Erneuerbare Media Management / Medienmanagement
Energien Media Production / Medienproduktion
Mechanical Engineering Technical Media Publishing / Mediapublishing
Design / Maschinenbau Technisches Media Research, Applied Media / Medien-
Design forschung, Medienpraxis
Mechanical Engineering Textile and Media Studies (applied) / Medienwissen-
Clothing Technology / Maschinenbau schaft (angewandte)
Textil- und Konfektionstechnik Media, audio-visual / Audiovisuelle
Mechanical Engineering and Mechatro- Medien
nics / Maschinenbau und Mechatronik Medical and Biotechnical Engineering /
Mechanical Engineering and Plant Engi- Medizintechnik und Biotechnisches
neering / Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Ingenieurwesen
Mechanical Engineering and Process Medical and Nursing Education / Medizin-
Engineering / Maschinenbau und Prozess- und Pegepdagogik
technik, Verfahrenstechnik Medical Biology / Medizinische Biologie
Mechanical Engineering with Applied Medical Biometry, Biostatistics /
Computer Science / Maschinenbau mit Medizinische Biometrie, Biostatistik
angewandter Informatik Medical Computer Science and Biomedical
Mechanical Engineering with Computer Engineering / Medizininformatik und
Science / Maschinenbauinformatik Biomedizintechnik

Medical Documentation and Computing / Mineralogy / Mineralogie

Medizinische Dokumentation und Infor- Mining Engineering / Bergtechnik
matik Modern China / Modernes China
Medical Economics / Medizinkonomie Modern Japan / Modernes Japan
Medical Engineering / Medizin- Molecular Bioengineering/Biotechnology /
ingenieurwesen, Medizintechnik Molekulare Biotechnologie
Medical History / Medizingeschichte Molecular Biology / Molekulare Biologie
Medical Informatics, Medical Information Molecular Life Sciences / Molekulare
Systems / Medizininformatik Lebenswissenschaften
Medical Management / Medizin-Manage- Mongol Studies / Mongolistik
ment Multimedia / Multimedia
Medical Physics / Medizinische Physik Multimedia Engineering / Multimedia-
Medicinal Chemistry / Medicinal technik
Chemistry Multimedia, Virtual Reality / Multimedia
Medicine / Medizin und Virtuelle Realitt
Medieval Studies / Mittelalterstudien, Museum Studies, Museology / Museums-
Medivistik kunde, Museologie
Metallurgy / Metallurgie Music / Musik
Metals Technology / Metalltechnik Music Business / Musikbusiness
Meteorology / Meteorologie Music Instrument Making / Musik-
Metropolitan Studies / Metropolitan instrumentenbau
Studies Music Theatre / Musiktheater
Micro and Optical Systems Engineering / Music Theory / Musiktheorie
Mikro- und Opto-Systemtechnik Music Therapy / Musiktherapie
Microbiology / Mikrobiologie Music, ancient / Musik, alte
Microelectronics / Mikroelektronik Musical / Musical
Microengineering and Medical Enginee- Musical Education / Musikerziehung,
ring / Mikrotechnik und Medizintechnik Musikpdagogik
Microengineering and Nanoengineering / Musicology / Musikwissenschaft
Mikro- und Nanotechnik
Microstructures and Nanostructures /
Mikro- und Nanostrukturen N
Microsystems Engineering /
Mikrosystemtechnik Nanostructure Engineering /
Microtechnology / Mikrotechnologie Nanostrukturtechnik
Microwave Engineering / Mikrowellen- Nanostructure Sciences / Nanostruktur-
technik wissenschaft
Mime / Pantomime Natural Sciences, applied / Naturwissen-
Mine Surveying Geodesics / schaften, angewandte
Markscheidewesen und Geodsie Nature Conservation / Naturschutz
Mineral Resources Engineering / Rohstoff- Nautical Science / Nautik
ingenieurwesen

Neo-Greek Studies, Modern Greek Optometry / Vision Science / Optometrie /

Studies / Neogrzistik Vision Science
Network Computing / Network Computing Organic Food Chain Management /
Neurobiology / Neurobiologie Organic Food Chain Management
Neurosciences / Neurowissenschaften Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Enginee-
New Testament / Neues Testament ring/Equipment/Technology /
North American Studies / Nordamerika- Orthopdie- und Rehatechnik
studien
Nuclear Applications, Nuclear Enginee-
ring, Nucleonics / Kerntechnik P
Nursing / Pege
Nursing Care Management / Pege- Packaging Design and Marketing /
management Verpackungsdesign und Marketing
Nursing Education / Pegepdagogik Packaging Technology / Verpackungs-
Nursing Studies / Pegewissenschaft technik
Nutritional and Domestic Science / Painting / Malerei
Ernhrungs- und Haushaltswissenschaft Paleoanthropology / Paloanthropologie
Nutritional Science / Ernhrungs- Paper Technology / Papiertechnologie
wissenschaft Papyrology / Papyrologie
Patent Engineering / Patentingenieur-
wesen
O Patholinguistics / Patholinguistik
Peace and Conict Studies / Friedens- und
Oceanography / Ozeanographie Koniktforschung
Old Testament / Altes Testament Peace Research and International
Online Journalism / Online-Journalismus Politics / Friedensforschung und Interna-
Onomastics (Study of the History of Proper tionale Politik
Names) / Onomastik (Namenkunde) Persian Studies / Iranistik, Irankunde
Opera / Oper Personnel Management / Personal-
Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Optics/Dis- management
pensing / Augenoptik, Optometrie Petroleum Engineering / Erdl-, Erdgas-
Optical and Laser Engineering / technik
Opto- und Lasertechnik Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engi-
Optical Engineering and Image Process- neering / Pharma- und Chemietechnik
ing / Optotechnik und Bildverarbeitung Pharmaceutical Biotechnology /
Optics and Microwave Engineering / Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie
Opto- und Mikrowellentechnik Pharmaceutical Chemistry /
Optoelectronics, Optical Electronics / Pharmazeutische Chemie
Optoelektronik Pharmaceutical Engineering /
Optoengineering, Optical Engineering / Pharmatechnik
Optotechnik Pharmacy / Pharmazie
Philology, Classical / Klassische Philologie

Philology, Dutch / Niederlndische Philology, Western Slavic; Western Slavic

Philologie, Niederlandistik Studies / Westslavische Philologie, West-
Philology, Early German / ltere deutsche slavistik
Philologie Philosophy / Philosophie
Philology, Eastern Slavic / Ostslavische Philosophy & Economics/Business /
Philologie, Ostslavisch Philosophie und Wirtschaft
Philology, French / Franzsische Philosophy of the Natural Sciences /
Philologie, Franzsisch Philosophie der Naturwissenschaften
Philology, Friesian / Friesische Philologie Phonetics / Phonetik
Philology, Gallo-Romance / Gallo- Phonetics and Digital Language Process-
romanische Philologie, Galloromanistik ing / Phonetik und Digitale Sprachverar-
Philology, German / Deutsche Philologie, beitung
Germanistik Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics /
Philology, Islamic, Islamic Science / Photogrammetrie und Geoinformatik
Islamische Philologie, Islamkunde Photography / Fotograe
Philology, Italian, Italian Studies / Photonics / Photonik (Optoelektronik)
Italienische Philologie, Italianistik Physical Electronics / Physikalische
Philology, Modern German / Neuere Elektronik
deutsche Philologie Physical Engineering / Physikalische
Philology, Nordic / Nordische Philologie Technik
Philology, Oriental (Oriental Studies) / Physical Geography / Physische Geographie
Orientalische Philologie, Orientalistik Physics (applied) / Physik (angewandte)
Philology, Persian / Indoiranische Philo- Physiotherapy / Physiotherapie
logie Plant and Process Engineering /
Philology, Polish / Polnische Philologie, Anlagen- und Verfahrenstechnik
Polonistik Plastics and Elastomer Engineering /
Philology, Portuguese / Portugiesische Kunststoff- und Elastomertechnik
Philologie Plastics Engineering / Kunststofftechnik
Philology, Romance; Romance Studies / Policy Management, Political Manage-
Romanische Philologie, Romanistik ment / Politikmanagement
Philology, Russian; Russian Studies / Political Communication / Politische
Russische Philologie, Russistik Kommunikation
Philology, Semitic; Semitic Studies / Political Education / Politische Bildung
Semitische Philologie, Semitistik Political Science of South Asia / Politische
Philology, Slavic; Slavic Studies / Slavische Wissenschaft Sdasiens
Philologie, Slavistik Politics, Political Science / Politologie,
Philology, Southern Slavic; Southern Slavic Politikwissenschaft
Studies / Sdslavische Philologie Sdsla- Politics and Economics / Politik und
vistik Wirtschaft
Philology, Spanish; Hispanic Studies / Politics and Law / Politik und Recht
Spanische Philologie, Hispanistik Politics and Organisation / Politik und
Organisation

Politics of East Asia / Politik Ostasiens Psychology of Excellence in Business and

Polymer and Colloidal Chemistry / Education / Psychology of Excellence in
Polymer- und Kolloidchemie Business and Education
Polymer Technology / Polymertechnologie Public Administration / ffentliche
Pop Music / Popularmusik Verwaltung
Portuguese Studies / Lusitanistik Public Management/e-Government /
Pre- and Early History / Ur- und Frh- Verwaltungsmanagement/e-Government
geschichte, Vor- und Frhgeschichte Public Administration Police Manage-
Precision Engineering / Feinwerktechnik ment / ffentliche Verwaltung Polizei-
Precision Mechanical Engineering / management
Przisionsmaschinenbau Public Law / ffentliches Recht
Preventative, Rehabilitation and Fitness Public Management & Governance,
Sport / Prventions-, Rehabilitations- und Politics and Administrative Sciences /
Fitnesssport Politik und Verwaltungswissenschaft
Print Media Management / Print-Medien- Public Relations / ffentlichkeitsarbeit
management Public Services Management / ffentliches
Printing Technology / Drucktechnik Dienstleistungs-Management
Process Engineering / Prozesstechnik, Publishing Media / Verlagsmedien
Verfahrenstechnik Puppet Theatre / Figurentheater,
Process Engineering Paper and Puppenspielkunst
Packaging / Verfahrenstechnik Papier
und Verpackung
Process Engineering Wood and Fibre
Materials Engineering / Verfahrenstechnik
Q
Holz- und Faserwerkstofftechnik Quality Engineering / Qualittsingenieur-
Process, Energy and Environmental wesen
Engineering / Prozess-, Energie- und Quantitative Economics / Quantitative
Umwelttechnik Wirtschaftswissenschaft
Procurement and Logistics / Beschaffung
und Logistik
Product Design / Produktdesign,
Produktgestaltung
R
Product Development / Rail and Civil Engineering / Bahn- und
Produktentwicklung Ingenieurbau
Production and Automation Engineering / Rail Operations and Infrastructure / Bahn-
Produktions- und Automatisierungs- betrieb und Infrastruktur
technik Rail Vehicle Engineering/Technology /
Production Engineering / Produktions- Schienenfahrzeugtechnik
technik, Fertigungstechnik Real Estate Management / Immobilien-
Project Management / Projektmanagement wirtschaft
Psychoanalysis / Psychoanalyse Recycling / Recycling
Psychology / Psychologie

Regional and Environmental Planning / Rhenish Regional Studies / Rheinische

Raum- und Umweltplanung Landeskunde
Regional History / Landesgeschichte Rhetoric / Rhetorik
Regional History, Bavarian / Landes- Rhythmic Education / Rhythmikerziehung
geschichte, bayerische Romance Linguistics / Romanische
Regional Planning / Raumplanung Sprachwissenschaft
Regional Studies / Regionalwissenschaften Romance Literary Studies / Romanische
Regional Studies Asia, Africa / Regional- Literaturwissenschaft
studien Asien, Afrika
Regional Studies East Asia / Regional-
wissenschaften Ostasien S
Regional Studies Japan / Regional-
wissenschaft Japan Safety/Security Engineering / Sicherheits-
Regional Studies Latin America / Regional- technik
wissenschaften Lateinamerika Sales Engineering and Product Manage-
Regional Studies North America / ment / Vertriebsingenieurwesen
Regionalwissenschaften Nordamerika Scandinavian Studies / Skandinavistik
Rehabilitation Education / Rehabilitations- Scenography / Szenograe
pdagogik School Education / Schulpdagogik
Rehabilitation Studies/Sciences / Science Journalism / Wissenschafts-
Rehabilitationswissenschaften journalismus
Religion, Catholic / Religionslehre, Scriptwriting / Drehbuch
katholische Sculpture / Bildhauerei
Religion, Protestant / Religionslehre, Security in Information Technology /
evangelische Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik
Religious Education / Religionspdagogik Sensor Systems Technology / Sensor-
Religious History / Religionsgeschichte systemtechnik
Religious Philosophy / Religions- Sensor Technology, Sensor and Control
philosophie Systems / Sensortechnik, Sensorik
Religious Studies / Religionswissenschaft, Service Management / Dienstleistungs-
Theologie management
Renewable Energy Engineering, Energy Ship Engineering / Schiffstechnik
Systems / Regenerative Energietechnik, Ship Operation Engineering /
Energiesysteme Schiffsbetriebstechnik
Rescue Engineering / Rettungsingenieur- Ship Operations / Schiffsbetrieb
wesen Shipbuilding / Schiffbau
Resources Engineering / Ressourcen- Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering /
technik Schiffbau und maritime Technik
Resources Management / Ressourcen- Shoe Engineering / Schuhtechnik
management Sign Language Interpreting / Gebrden-
Restoration / Restaurierung sprachdolmetschen
Restoration of Buildings / Bausanierung Singing / Gesang

Singing Education / Gesangspdagogik Specialist Interpreting for Courts, Compa-

Sinology / Sinologie nies and Authorities / Fachdolmetschen
Social and Economic History / Sozial- und fr Gerichte, Unternehmen und Behrden
Wirtschaftsgeschichte Specialist Journalism / Fachjournalistik
Social and Health Journalism / Sozial- und Specialist Translating / Fachbersetzen
Gesundheitsjournalismus Speech Science / Sprechwissenschaft
Social Behavioural Science / Soziale Speech Training / Sprecherziehung
Verhaltenswissenschaften Sport / Sport, Sportwissenschaft
Social Economics / Sozialkonomie Sport and Technology / Sport und Technik
Social Economy / Sozialwirtschaft Sports and Event Management /
Social Ethics / Sozialethik Sport- und Veranstaltungsmanagement
Social Law / Sozialrecht Sports Economics / Sportkonomie
Social Management / Sozialmanagement Sports Education / Sportpdagogik
Social Policy / Sozialpolitik Sports Management / Sportmanagement
Social Psychology and Social Anthro- Sports Medicine / Sportmedizin
pology / Sozialpsychologie und Sozial- Sports Therapy / Sporttherapie
anthropologie Sports Tourism and Recreation Manage-
Social Sciences / Sozialwissenschaften ment / Sporttourismus und Erholungsma-
Social Security Management / Sozial- nagement
versicherungsmanagement Stage and Set Design / Bhnenbild
Social Theology / Sozialtheologie Stage Costume Design / Bhnenkostm
Social Work, Social Work and Education / Stage Dance / Bhnentanz
Sozialarbeit, Sozialpdagogik, Sozialwesen, Statistics / Statistik
Soziale Arbeit Street Children Education / Straenkinder-
Social Work with the Elderly / Sozialarbeit pdagogik
mit alten Menschen (Geragogik) Structural Engineering / Konstruktiver
Sociology / Soziologie Ingenieurbau
Software Engineering / Softwaretechnik Structural Steel and Metal Engineering /
Sound and Image Engineering / Ton- und Stahl- und Metallbau
Bildtechnik Structural Wood Engineering and Interior
South Asian Studies / Sdasienstudien Fitting / Holzbau und Ausbau
South East Asian Studies / Sdostasien- Surface and Materials Recycling /
wissenschaften Flchen- und Stoffrecycling
South Eastern European Studies / Sdost- Surveying / Vermessungswesen
europastudien Swahili Studies / Swahili-Studien
Special Needs Education / Sonder- Systems Engineering / Systemtechnik
pdagogik Systems Engineering and Engineering
Special Needs Education, Inclusive Educa- Cybernetics / Systemtechnik und Tech-
tion, Curative Education / Heilpdagogik nische Kybernetik
Specialist Communication, Technical Systems Science, applied / Systemwissen-
Communication / Fachkommunikation schaft, angewandte

Telecommunications and Information

T Technology / Telekommunikation und
Informationstechnik
Tax and Economic/Commercial/Company Telematics / Telematik
Law / Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht Television Journalism / Fernsehpublizistik
Taxation / Steuerwesen Textile and Clothing Engineering /
Taxation and Auditing / Steuerlehre und Textil- und Bekleidungstechnik
Wirtschaftsprfung Textile and Clothing Management /
Technical Biology / Technische Biologie Textil- und Bekleidungsmanagement
Technical Business Administration / Textile and Leather Engineering /
Technische Betriebswirtschaftslehre Textil- und Ledertechnik
Technical Computing / Technische Textile Design / Textildesign
Informatik Textile Engineering / Textiltechnik
Technical Cybernetics / Technische Textile Management / Textilmanagement
Kybernetik Textile, Fashion and Costume Design /
Technical Design Engineering / Textil-, Mode- und Kostmdesign
Konstruktionstechnik Thai Studies / Thaiistik
Technical Editing / Technische Redaktion Theatre and Media Studies / Theater- und
Technical Environmental Protection / Medienwissenschaft
Technischer Umweltschutz Theatre Education / Theaterpdagogik
Technical Management Production Theatre Engineering / Theatertechnik
Engineering / Technische Betriebswirt- Theatre Studies / Theaterwissenschaft
schaft Produktionstechnik Theology, Catholic / Theologie, katholische
Technical Management Resources / Theology, Islamic / Theologie, islamische
Technische Betriebswirtschaft Rohstoffe Theology, Old Catholic / Theologie,
Technical Orthopaedics / Technische altkatholische
Orthopdie Theology, Orthodox / Theologie, orthodoxe
Technical Physics / Technische Physik Theology, Protestant / Theologie,
Technical Polymers/Engineering evangelische
Polymers / Technische Polymere Theoretical Physics / Theoretische Physik
Technological Mathematics / Therapy Studies / Therapiewissenschaft
Technomathematik Tibetan studies / Tibetologie
Technology Journalism / Technik- Total Facility Management / Total Facility
journalismus Management
Technology Management / Technologie- Tourism Management / Tourismus-
management management
Technology of Biological Resources / Tourism-, Event- and Hospitality Manage-
Technologie biologischer Rohstoffe ment / Tourismus-, Event- und Hospitali-
Technology of Cosmetics and Detergents / tymanagement
Technologie der Kosmetika und Waschmittel Toy and Teaching Aids Design / Spiel- und
Telecommunications (Engineering) / Lernmitteldesign
Telekommunikationstechnik

Trafc and Transport / Verkehr und Vehicle-Interior-Design / Fahrzeug-

Transport Interieur-Design
Trafc Engineering / Verkehrsingenieur- Veterinary Medicine / Veterinrmedizin,
wesen Tiermedizin
Translating / bersetzen Vietnamese Studies / Vietnamistik
Translation in the Field of Information Viniculture/Viticulture/Oenology /
Technologies / bersetzen im Bereich der Oenologie, Weinbau
Informationstechnologien Viniculture/Viticulture/Oenology and
Transport Management / Verkehrs- Beverage Technology / Weinbau Getrn-
wirtschaft ketechnologie
Transportation Design / Transportdesign Virtual Design / Virtuelles Design
Treatment Management, Therapy Manage- Virtual Reality / Virtuelle Realitt
ment / Therapiemanagement Visual Communication / Visuelle
Tree Surgery / Arboristik Kommunikation
Turkology, Turkish Studies / Turkologie Visual Design / Visuelle Gestaltung
TV Engineering / Fernsehtechnik
TV Journalism / Fernsehjournalismus
W
U Waste Disposal Engineering /
Entsorgungsingenieurwesen
Ukrainian Studies / Ukrainistik Waste Management / Abfallwirtschaft
Urban and Regional Development / Water and Coastal Management / Water
Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung and Coastal Management
Urban Development and Planning / Water Management / Wasserwirtschaft
Stadtplanung und Stadtentwicklung Water: Chemistry, Analysis, Microbiology /
Urban Geography Human Geography / Wasser: Chemie, Analytik, Mikrobiologie
Geographie der Grostadt Humangeo- Wine Management / Weinbetriebswirt-
graphie schaft
Utility and Waste Disposal Engineering / Wood and Fibre Materials Engineering /
Versorgungs- und Entsorgungstechnik Holz- und Faserwerkstofftechnik
Utility Engineering / Versorgungstechnik Wood Design / Holzgestaltung
Utility Management / Versorgungs- Wood Engineering / Holzingenieurwesen
management Wood Management / Holzwirtschaft
Wood Technology / Holztechnik
V
Vehicle and Aircraft Engineering /
Y
Fahrzeugtechnik und Flugzeugtechnik Yiddish Culture, Language and Literature /
Vehicle Electronics / Fahrzeugelektronik Jiddische Kultur, Sprache und Literatur

This Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses also uses information from the website:
www.studying-in-germany.de. These data have been kindly made available to the DAAD
by the German Rectors Conference.

Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD
The DAAD is a joint organisation of Ger- The DAADs full members are on
manys higher education institutions and application the higher education institu-
is responsible for promoting international tions represented in the German Rectors
academic relations, primarily through Conference (Hochschulrektorenkonferenz
the exchange of students, academics and HRK) and the student bodies of these
researchers. Its programmes are generally institutions. In April 2008, DAAD mem-
open to all disciplines and all countries bership numbered 229 higher education
and equally benefit foreigners and Ger- institutions and 127 student bodies, with
mans. all the various types of higher education
institutions represented.
The DAAD also supports the international
activities of Germanys higher education Five strategic objectives give the
institutions by providing a number of various DAAD programmes their
services. These include information and long-term orientation:
publication programmes, marketing, con-
sultancy, support and guidance services, 1. Scholarships for foreigners:
plus an increasing number of institutional To promote studies and research by
programmes that serve to raise the inter- outstanding young foreign students and
national profile and worldwide appeal of academics at German universities and
Germanys higher education institutions. research institutes.
And, finally, the DAAD advises the Ger- 2. Scholarships for Germans:
man government on the formation of its To promote young German profession-
policies in the fields of international cul- als in their studies and research abroad
tural relations and academic relations at (including ERASMUS).
European and international level, as well
as on questions of national higher educa- 3. Internationalising the higher educa-
tion and development cooperation. tion institutions:
To raise the appeal of Germanys higher
The predecessor to the German Academic education institutions (including market-
Exchange Service, the Austauschdienst ing and funding to raise the international
der Hochschulen, was first established dimension of German higher education).
in 1925 in response to an initiative in aca-
demic circles. It was dissolved in 1945 and 4. Supporting German studies and the
newly established in 1950 as a registered German language abroad:
association under private law. To promote German language and culture
and encourage a knowledge of and interest
in Germany as part of the process of global
cultural exchange.

Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD 231
5. Educational cooperation with devel- age and fund Europe-wide mobility by stu-
oping countries: dents, academics and professionals. The
To promote higher education development DAAD is the so-called national agency
in developing and reforming countries as for the EU ERASMUS programme and an
means of supporting their economic and information centre for ERASMUS Mun-
democratic reform processes. dus, Europass, TEMPUS / cooperation
between EU and non-EU countries and the
The DAAD also performs a number of Bologna process.
special responsibilities that aim to encour-

Where to find more information
Study and Research Opportunities Admission
www.study-in.de www.daad.de/admission
Information on the German higher educa- Information about admission to studies
tion system and on studying in Germany, at German higher education institutions
on German research, and on the funding for foreign undergraduates, graduates and
opportunities offered by the DAAD and doctoral candidates.
other organisations (search engine), on
learning German, on summer schools and www.uni-assist.de
courses, on language tests, and, of course, uni-assist processes an application for
on living in Germany in general. admission to German higher education
institutions for a fee of 30.00 to 55.00
www.daad.de/international euros, as long as the higher education
-programmes institution in question is a uni-assist co-
Detailed information about interna- operation partner.
tional bachelor, master and doctoral pro-
grammes in Germany. www.inobis.de
Information on application for admission
www.higher-education-compass.de to a German higher education institution
Information on and links to all higher edu- for foreigners (German language only).
cation institutions in Germany, informa-
tion on the first and (post)graduate studies www.testas.de
they offer, on doctoral study opportunities TestAS (Test for Academic Studies) is a
and on the international co-operation central standardised aptitude test for for-
agreements maintained by Germanys eign students. Many German universities
higher education institutions. include this aptitude test in their admis-
sion procedure and add the TestAS result
www.studienwahl.de to their requirements as from 2007 or
The website of this brochure contains pro- 2008.
files of all degree course subjects offered in
Germany along with a list of higher educa- www.anabin.de
tion institutions offering these programmes Information system on the recognition of
including details on university towns. foreign educational certificates and degrees
in Germany (German language only).
www.summerschools.de
Many German universities run summer www.studienkollegs.de
schools. Besides courses on German lan- Preparatory courses (Studienkollegs)
guage, the range of programmes is grow- prepare foreign students for the Feststel-
ing in all subject areas. lungsprfung, a test to assess their

Where to find more information 233
suitability for university study (German www.young-germany.de

language only). Information on career opportunities, inno-
vative developments in research and sci-
ence and on trends, lifestyle and the every-
Costs and Funding day life of young people in Germany.
www.daad.de/costs www.facts-about-germany.de
General information on costs for studying Information on Germany and its people,
in Germany and up-to-date information on on the system of government, on social
tuition fees of German universities. life, on the political forces and develop-
ments, on the economy, business and
www.funding-guide.de industry and on Germanys cultural diver-
In addition to providing information on sity.
DAAD scholarships, the DAAD data base
also lists funding opportunities for inter-
national students, graduates and postdocs Entry, Employment, Insurance
offered by other organisations. The DAAD
has selected a total of about 100 funding www.auswaertiges-amt.de
opportunities offered by more than The website of the Federal Foreign Office
60 organisations. is the first place to look for answers to all
questions about entering Germany.
Higher Education System www.daad.de/deutschland/download

The DAAD offers two detailed information
www.daad.de/deutschland/ sheets, one on the Entry and Residence
hochschulen/00413.de.html Provisions and one on the Employment
Information on the German higher educa- Provisions relating to foreign students,
tion system: types of universities, figures, academics and researchers.
picture galleries etc.
www.internationale-studierende.de
www.university-ranking.de Practical tips and information for for-
The most comprehensive and detailed uni- eign students on topics like how to enter
versity ranking in Germany. The DAAD Germany, on accommodation, health
presents the English version University insurance, tuition fees, matriculation and
Ranking on its website. registration, residence permits or jobbing.
www.deutsche-sozialversicherung.de
General Information on Germany The website explains the five pillars of
the German social insurance system: the
www.deutschland.de statutory insurance types (illness/health,
Official and independent web-based portal accident, unemployment, nursing care
of the Federal Republic of Germany. and old age).

Learn German Contact
www.learn-german.net www.daad.de/aaa
Detailed information on schools and insti- Adresses of the International Offices at
tutes offering German language courses, German universities. The International
on online learning methods, on funding Office (Akademisches Auslandsamt
organisations, and an overview of all the AAA) is the first point of contact if you
recognised German language tests and want to study in Germany.
qualifications.
www.daad.de/offices
www.testdaf.de Addresses and links to all worldwide
TestDaF is the central, standardised Test DAAD branch offices and information
of German as a Foreign Language (Test centres.
fr Deutsch als Fremdsprache) modelled
on the US Test of English as a Foreign www.daad.de/dany
Language (TOEFL). The DAAD virtual advisor answers ques-
tions about studying in Germany at once
www.goethe.de and 24 hours a day. And he shows you
The Goethe Institute with its 147 institutes where to find more helpful information.
worldwide is responsible for teaching and
spreading knowledge about German lan- www.goethe.de
guage and culture. (see above)
www.auswaertiges-amt.de
(see above)


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Brochure Degree Courses

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Degree Courses

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Section: Promotion of Studies and Research in Germany, Internet

Project Coordination Alexander Haridi, Anne Mnkel

Translation Guy Moore, Bad Honnef

Layout LPG Loewenstern Padberg GbR, Bonn

Typesetting W. Bertelsmann Verlag, Bielefeld

Printed by Moeker Merkur Druck GmbH, Kln

Print-run May 2008 10,000

Any reproduction, even of extracts, only with appropriate source details.

This publication was funded by the German Federal Foreign Office.

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

15 1 Agriculture and Forest Science

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

69 Ship Engineering, Nautical and Marine Engineering/Technology

75 3 Languages, Humanities, Cultural Studies, Art and Design

113 4 Law and Economics/Business Administration

127 5 Mathematics, Natural Sciences

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

143 Geosciences/Earth Sciences

155 6 Medical and Public Health Services

167 7 Social Sciences

183 Higher Education Institutions in Germany

203 Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses

230 Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD

232 Where to find more information

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Colleges of art, film and music offer An English-German index of common

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

AKAD FH AKAD Fachhochschule (AKAD University of Applied Sciences)

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

FernU Fernuniversitt (Distance Studies University)

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

HFF Hochschule fr Film und Fernsehen (College of Film and

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

RheinFH Rheinische Fachhochschule Kln (Technical University of Applied

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

1 Agriculture and Forest Science

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

1.1 Farming/Agriculture, Viniculture

Study Field Outline ing the use of electronic control equip-

Studies at Universities before they can be accepted. Aspiring agri-

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

agricultural engineering and machinery,

Some universities divide the Bachelors

Studies at Universities of Applied animal production, organic farming,

Agriculture, agricultural management,

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

1.2 Forestry, Forest Management

Studies at Universities topology, forest botany, dendrology, cli-

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Studies at Universities of Applied Specific consolidation in applied fields of

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

1.3 Horticultural Sciences

Study Field Outline tural management and market theory,

Studies at Universities production, horticultural engineering and

Studies: Initially, studies focus on learn-

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Studies at Universities of Applied market theory, ornamental plant growing,

Studies: Modules in the scientific and Programmes in this field