Packed Column GC Application Guide

Packed Column GC
Application Guide
Bulletin 890A
Packed Column GC
Application Guide
This guide to packed column applications provides information on the
best approach to designing your application. It includes helpful
information about packings, phases, tubing, and different types of
deactivations. Nearly 200 different applications are organized ac-
cording to type of analysis. In most cases, the catalog number for the
packing is included with the application chromatogram.
Key Words
l packed column l gas chromatography
What Makes a Good Column?

Tubing, support, and stationary phase are all that is needed to prepare a
column, but to prepare a column that will provide the desired separation may
require much more. First, the proper materials must be selected; this can be
the most difficult part. Also, these ingredients must be combined in such a
manner that optimum performance can be obtained; this can turn out to be
more than one bargains for! Any compromise in materials or procedures yields
a compromised performance.
The Rohrschneider and McReynolds Constants

An important feature is the use of the Rohrschneider and McReynolds
Constants. Using these systems, most of the stationary phases now in use have
been characterized by a series of constants. These constants provide the
worker with a wealth of practical information to help solve problems in column
selection. For more information and a listing of McReynolds values, request
Bulletin 880.
The Support
The support plays a critical role in several ways in the performance of the
column. First, it governs the efficiency of the column (narrowness of peaks).
The structure of the support, and the manner in which it is coated, both
contribute to the efficiency. Secondly, the wrong choice of support can
interact with the sample to cause the chromatographic peaks to tail, i.e., they
can be highly asymmetrical and consequently difficult or impossible to
measure. Ideally, the support should not interact with the sample but, in
practice, this does occur. By careful selection of the support and conditions,
one can minimize this problem.
The tailing phenomenon is caused by active sites on the surface of the support.
These sites are ones that can form a hydrogen bond; consequently samples
that form a strong hydrogen bond tail badly. In practice, compounds such as
water, glycols, alcohols, acids, and amines tail severely while carbonyl
T195890A
1999 Sigma-Aldrich Co.
1
compounds such as esters, ketones, and aldehydes tail to a lesser degree.
Hydrocarbons that do not hydrogen bond are not bothered by tailing.
To eliminate or reduce the tailing problem one modifies the support surface
by: 1) removing the active sites by acid and/or base washing, 2) modifying the
surface by silanization, or 3) covering the active sites with the stationary phase
having polar functional groups in it.
Acid washing is effective in removing mineral impurities from the support
surface as well as miscellaneous extraneous material. Base washing does not
impart any special advantage to the support that is not obtained with a well
acid washed support. Acid washing by itself is not effective in reducing tailing
but it is recommended where a polar phase is used, such as the polyesters and
polyglycols.
Silanization, particularly with dimethyldichlorosilane (DMCS) is very effective
in reducing tailing. Combined with acid washing and DMCS treatment, the
resulting support is recommended for most columns. Silane treatment is a
very difficult process to control and should not be attempted unless you wish
to make a research project out of it. When silicone stationary phases are used,
it is mandatory that an acid-washed and DMCS-treated support be used. The
silicone stationary phases, particularly when used in the 1-5% level, are not
effective in deactivating the support and require a silane-treated support.
SUPELCOPORT is recommended where an acid-washed and DMCS-treated
support is required.
The third procedure for deactivation, using a polar stationary phase, requires
that the phase contain functional groups such as an ester, an ether, a hydroxyl,
and an amine group. These functional groups have strong hydrogen bonding
characteristics and tie up the active sites on the support surface. These phases
do not require a silanized support, although, when they are used at a level of
5% or less, silanization can be useful. Normally we recommend using an acid-
washed support with these phases.
When analyzing acids it is necessary that the stationary phase contain an acid
to deactivate the support. See Bulletin 856.
When working with basic compounds such as amines, the stationary phase
must contain a base to deactivate the support; otherwise severe tailing will
result. KOH is frequently used at a 1-2% level for the purpose. A basic
stationary phase such as polyethyleneimines also may be used.
Most of the GC supports in current use are made from diatomaceous earth,
also called diatomite. The diatomite is processed in several ways producing
two basic types of supports. These are conveniently recognized by their color.
The particle size of supports are generally expressed in terms of screen
openings since screens are normally used to prepare them. The particle sizes
normally used in GC are as follows:
60/80 mesh 250-177 microns
80/100 mesh 177-149 microns
100/120 mesh 149-125 microns
The designation 60/80 mesh means that the particles have passed through a
60 mesh screen (-60) and will not pass through the 80 mesh screen (+80). It
then means that the particles are between 250-177 microns in size. The
column efficiency improves with decreasing particle size. At present the
80/100 mesh is the most popular size, but 100/120 mesh is used with
increasing frequency when more efficiency columns are desired.
2
Column Tubing
Glass, stainless steel, aluminum, and copper are the tubing materials com-
monly used for columns. While glass is the most inert of the tubing, stainless
steel is the most widely used.
Glass is used in situations where the sample might interact with the walls of
the tube. It is standard operating procedure to use glass columns when
working with pesticides and biochemicals such as steroids and hormones.
Glass is more inert then the metals and rarely causes tailing or decomposition
of the samples. Glass columns are also used generally in situations where it is
desirable that the sample be injected directly into the column. An alternative
is to use a glass lined injection port to avoid the contact with metal since metal
in the inlet can destroy certain samples or cause tailing. Glass columns also
permit you to see how well a column has been packed.
Fused silica lined stainless steel tubing is a suitable substitute for glass tubing.
When properly deactivated, it meets or exceeds the deactivation of conven-
tional deactivated glass columns.
Metal columns are used where glass is not required. Stainless steel is generally
considered more inert than aluminum or copper. We recommend stainless
steel as the metal of choice because it is easier to prepare columns of higher
efficiency with stainless steel than with aluminum or copper. The hardness of
the material appears to be important in transmitting the vibrational energy
when the column is vibrated or tapped. However, if in doubt . . . use glass
. . . and silane treat it! (All Supelco glass columns are silane-treated.)
SP-Alloy T-1, our nickel alloy, approaches glass in inertness. Most newer
instruments are designed to handle 1/8" OD metal columns. When glass
columns are to be used, the instruments are usually equipped to handle 1/4"
OD columns. Here the glass column can be made with a heavy glass wall
cutting down considerably on the problem of breakage. Where 1/8" OD glass
columns are used, the breakage problems are usually severe.
From our own experience we recommend using 2mm ID rather than 4mm ID
glass columns because of the inherently higher efficiency. If you shift from
4mm to 2mm columns, remember to reduce the carrier gas flow rate to 1/4,
not 1/2. A reasonable flow rate for 4mm columns is 80mL/min, while for 2mm
columns a good rate is 20mL/min.
Upper Temperature Limit

Each stationary phase has an upper temperature limit above which the column
should not be operated. Most stationary phases are polymers that consist of
materials having a range of molecular weights. As the column temperature
is increased, the more volatile portion of the polymer is swept out of the
column by the carrier gas. The volatile products could also be formed by
thermal degradation of the stationary phase while the column is being used.
This is called bleed, and is seen on the recorder as a rise in the baseline or as
noise. Above the maximum upper limit the bleed rate is very high and the
column will have a relatively short life. In some cases the bleed rate is so high
that it will not be possible to move the recorder pen off of full scale. Note that
the reported maximum upper limits are approximate values. Each column
produced is shipped with a conditioning sheet, and minimum/maximum
operating temperature is indicated. For a listing of phases and their maxi-
mum/minimum operating temperatures, refer to our general catalog.
3
Conditioning the Column
Before a column is used for the first time, it must be conditioned for a period
of hours to rid it of the very volatile portion of the stationary phase and also
the last traces of solvent which were used in the coating step.
We recommend conditioning the column at the maximum isothermal column
temperature which you expect to reach. One can start to use a column after it
has been conditioned at that temperature after only 3-4 hours, but condition-
ing overnight is usually better. We recommend that you always condition the
column with a flow of carrier gas. Others have recommended no-flow
conditioning for such materials as UC W98 silicone. This might be necessary
for technical grade silicone, but chromatographic grade silicones such as the
SPTM and OV phases, and most other phases, should not be subjected to this
drastic treatment.
Many stationary phases are subject to oxidation and should not be exposed
to air while hot. At all times when the column is hot, the carrier gas should
be allowed to flow through it. Cutting back on the carrier gas overnight can
be detrimental to the column. It may also be necessary to insert an oxygen
scrubber in the carrier gas line.
The Lower Temperature Limit

Observing the lower temperature limit is also important to obtain good
column performance. Some stationary phases are solids and are ineffective as
a stationary phase in this form. They must be operated at a temperature above
their melting point.
Selecting a Column
The simplest method of obtaining a column to handle a particular problem is
to duplicate one that is referred to in the applications pages of this guide.
Another method is to use the literature as a guide and then to substitute some
of the newer, improved stationary phases and solid supports. If you cannot
find the solution to your separation problem in the literature, the problem is
more complex. When ordering the column, it is essential that you list all of the
following:
a. the stationary phase
b. the support
c. the mesh range of the support
d. the treatment given the support
e. the percent coating of stationary phase
f. the tube composition, i.e., glass, stainless, etc.
g. the dimensions of the tube, i.e., length and diameter, both OD and ID if
possible
h. the configuration of the column or instrument it is to be used with
Example: 3% SP-2100 on 100/120 mesh SUPELCOPORT TM,
6' x 1/4" OD, 2mm ID, Glass for HP6890.
For a complete listing of our current line of columns, packings,

and accessories, please refer to our general catalog.
4
Index to Chromatograms
Index to Chromatograms
Compound Class Page
Acetaldehyde ...................................................................................... 6
Acids .................................................................................................. 6
Acids, Methyl Esters (also see Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) ...................... 11
Alcohols ............................................................................................ 13
Amines .............................................................................................. 19
Amino Acids ...................................................................................... 21
Aroclors ............................................................................................. 22
Ammonia .......................................................................................... 24
Aromatics .......................................................................................... 24
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ................................................................. 28
Creosote ............................................................................................ 31
Drugs ................................................................................................ 33
EPA Methods (600 Series) .................................................................. 37
Ethylene Oxide and Residues ............................................................. 46
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ..................................................................... 47
Fragrances ......................................................................................... 51
Freons ............................................................................................... 53
Formaldehyde ................................................................................... 54
Hydrocarbons
C1-C2 Hydrocarbons & Permanent Gases ................................ 55
C1-C3 Hydrocarbons ................................................................ 59
C1-C4 Hydrocarbons ................................................................ 60
C1-C5 Hydrocarbons ................................................................ 60
C1-C6 Hydrocarbons ................................................................ 62
Permanent Gases and Hydrocarbons .................................................. 64
Pesticides .......................................................................................... 68
Phenols ............................................................................................. 69
Pheromones ...................................................................................... 71
Simulated Distillation ......................................................................... 72
Solvents ............................................................................................ 78
Sugars ............................................................................................... 84
Sulfur and Mercaptans ....................................................................... 85
Steroids ............................................................................................. 92
Sterols ............................................................................................... 94
Triglycerides ...................................................................................... 95
Trademarks ORBO Sigma-Aldrich Co.

Aroclor Monsanto Co. Oronite Uniroyal, Inc.
Bentone National Lead Co., Baroid Sales Div. OV Ohio Valley Specialty Chemical Company
Carbopack Sigma-Aldrich Co. Petrocol Sigma-Aldrich Co.
Carbotrap Sigma-Aldrich Co. Qualmix Sigma-Aldrich Co.
Carbowax Union Carbide Corp. Scott Scott Specialty Gases, Inc.
Carboxen* Sigma-Aldrich Co. SP Sigma-Aldrich Co.
Cellosolve Union Carbide Corp. SUPELCOPORT Sigma-Aldrich Co.
Chromosorb Celite Corp. Supelpak Sigma-Aldrich Co.
Dexsil Dexsil Chemical Corp. Teflon E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.
Fluorcol Sigma-Aldrich Co. TightSpec Sigma-Aldrich Co.
Freon E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. UCON Union Carbide Corporation
Hall Tracor Instruments, Austin, Inc. Valco Valco Instruments Co., Inc.
HayeSep Hayes Separations Inc. *US Pat. No. 4,839,331.
5
Figure 1. Trace Acetaldehyde in Air (2500ppm)
Packing: Hayesep D, 100/120 mesh
Cat. No.: 10293 (packing) 1
Column: 3' x 1/8" ID stainless steel
Oven: 100C
Carrier: helium, 30cc/min
Det.: P.E. 900 TC, 225 ma, 140C
Inj.: Valco valve, 100mL, 140C
1. Air 2
2. Water
3. Acetaldehyde (vol. 2500ppm)
3
0 2
Min
For more information, request Bulletins 790 and 816.

Chromatogram provided courtesy of Hayes Separations, Inc.
795-0144
Figure 2. Volatile Fatty Acids (C1-C7)

Packing: 10% SP-1000/1% H3PO4 on 100/120 Chromosorb W AW
Cat. No.: 11841 (packing)
Column: 6' x 4mm ID glass
Oven: Fisher Model 2400, 147C
Carrier: helium, 86mL/min
Det.: TC
Inj.: 14L 1. Acetic acid
2. Formic acid
3. Propionic acid
4. Isobutyric acid
5. n-Butyric acid
6. Isovaleric acid
7. n-Valeric acid
4 8. Isocaproic acid
6
9. n-Caproic acid
10. Heptanoic acid
5 7
8 9
3
10
1
2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 22 24
Min
For more information, request Bulletin 856.

795-0077
6
Figure 3. Volatile Acid Standard Mix (C1-C7)
Acetaldehyde/Acids
Packing: 15% SP-1220/1% H3PO4 on 100/120 Chromosorb W AW
Oven: Fisher Model 2400, 145C
Det.: TC
Inj.: 14L
1. Formic acid
4 2. Acetic acid
3. Propionic acid
6 4. Isobutyric acid
5 5. n-Butyric acid
7 6. Isovaleric acid
3 7. n-Valeric acid
8. Isocaproic acid
8 9 9. n-Caproic acid
2 10. Heptanoic acid
1 10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 20 22
Min

795-0076
Figure 4. Volatile Fatty Acids in Sewage Effluents

(ppm Levels)
Packing: GP 60/80 Carbopack C/0.3% Carbowax 20M/0.1% H3PO4
Cat. No.: 11825-U (packing,15g/bottle)
Column: 30" x 4mm ID glass
Oven: 120C
Carrier: nitrogen, 50mL/min
Det.: FID, 200C 1
Inj.: 1L water containing 50ppm 1. Acetic acid
each analyte, 200C 2. Propionic acid
3. Isobutyric acid
4. n-Butyric acid
5. 2-Methylbutyric acid
6. 3-Methylbutyric acid
2 7. n-Valeric acid
5
6
7
Useful for analyses of sewage treatment

effluents and other wastewater. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
For trace analyses, use a glass column. Min
795-0078
7
Figure 5. Free Fatty Acids (C2-C10)
Packing: GP 10% SP-1200/1% H3PO4 on 80/100 Chromosorb W AW
Cat. No.: 11965 (packing, 20g/bottle)
Column: 6' x 1/8" stainless steel
Oven: 125C to 175C at 15C/min
Det.: FID, 200C
Inj.: 0.5L carbon
disulfide containing
0.1% each analyte, 4
150C
1. C2
5 2. C3
3 3. iC4
2 4. C4
5. iC5
6 7 6. C5
7. C6
8. C8
1 8 9. C10
For more information, 1 3 5 6 10 17 18

request Bulletin 856. Min
713-0963
Figure 6. Free Fatty Acids (C14:0 to C18:3)

Packing: 5% DEGS-PS on
100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Cat. No.: 11870-U (packing)
Oven: 200C
Det.: FID, 210C
Inj.: 1L Qualmix FA
2 5
1. Myristic acid (C14:0)

2. Palmitic acid (C16:0)
3. Palmitoleic acid (C16:1)
4. Stearic acid (C18:0)
5. Oleic acid (C18:1)
6. Linoleic acid (C18:2)
7. Arachidic acid (C20:0) 1
8. Linolenic acid (C18:3)
6
4
7 8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
For more information, request Bulletin 856. Min
795-0079
8
Figure 7. Whole Milk Free Acids
Acids
Packing: 10% SP-216-PS on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Det: FID, 200C
Inj.: 0.5L carbon disulfide containing 0.1% each analyte, 150C
6 1. C4:0
10 2. C6:0
3. C8:0
4. C10:0
5. C12:0
6. C14:0
7. C16:0
8. C16:1
9. C18:0
10. C18:1
9 11. C18:2
12. C18:3
1 4 5
2 3
8
11 12
0 2 4 6 8 10
Min
For more information, request Bulletin 856. 713-0962
Figure 8. Lactic Acid in Corn Silage (C2-C5)

Packing: 80/120 Carbopack B-DA/4% Carbowax 20M
Column: 2m x 2mm ID TightSpec glass
(stock column available)
Oven: 175C 1 2 3 4 5 6 8
Det.: FID, 200C
7
Inj.: 1L aqueous mixture, 200C U
Conc. (ppm) IS
U Unknown
1. Acetic acid 370
2. Propionic acid 78
3. Isobutyric acid 282
4. Butyric acid 1125
IS Trimethylacetic acid (int. std.) 50
5. 2-Methylbutyric acid 220
6. Isovaleric acid 284
7. Lactic acid 710
U
8. Valeric acid 465
0 4 8 12 16 20
Min
9
Figure 9. Lactic Acid in Rumen Fluid
Column: 2m x 2mm ID TightSpec glass 1 2 4
Oven: 175C
Det.: FID, 200C
Inj.: 1L aqueous mixture, 200C
U3 IS
Conc. (ppm) 7
U Unknown
1. Acetic acid 1300 U
2. Propionic acid 1060
3. Isobutyric acid 43
4. Butyric acid 313 U
IS Trimethylacetic acid (int. std.) 50
5. 2-Methylbutyric acid 60
6. Isovaleric acid 41 6
7. Valeric acid 70 5
Lactic
acid
(9ppm)
0 4 8 12 16 20
795-0082
Figure 10. Acrylic/Propionic Separation in C2-C5 Acids

Cat. No.: 11889 (packing,15g/bottle)
Column: 2m x 2mm ID 1 4
TightSpec glass
Oven: 175C
Carrier: nitrogen, 24mL/min 1. Methyl ethyl ketone (int. std.)
Det.: FID, 200C 2. Acetic acid
Inj.: 1L water, 10ppm each 3. Propionic acid
4. Acrylic acid (5000ppm)
acid, 100ppm each 5. Isobutyric acid
internal standard, 200C 6. Butyric acid
7. Trimethylacetic acid (int. std.)
8. 2-Methyl butyric acid
9. Isovaleric acid
10. Valeric acid
2 3
5
6 8 9 10
0 5 10 15 20
Min
713-0964
10
Figure 11. Nonvolatile Methylated Acids
Acids
Packing: 10% SP-1000/1% H3PO4 on
100/120 Chromosorb W AW
Oven: 155C 1. Pyruvic acid
Carrier: helium, 86mL/min 2. Lactic acid
3. Oxalacetic acid
4. Oxalic acid
5. Methyl malonic acid
6. Malonic acid
7. Fumaric acid
8. Succinic acid
1
2 8
6
5
34
0 2 4 6 8
Min
795-0081
Figure 12. N-TFA-O-Methyl Esters of D- & L-Valine

Amino Acids
Packing: 5% SP-300 on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 120C
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 1. D-Valine
Inj.: 1L (1g/L conc.) 2. L-Valine
0 1 2 3 4 5
Min
795-0158
11
Figure 13. Methyl Esters of Dibasic Acids
Packing: 10% SP-2340 on 100/120 Chromosorb W AW
Oven: 170C to 220C
at 4C/min
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 11
Inj.: 0.75L, 10mg/cc
each acid
9
10
1. Dimethyl malonate (C3) 6

2. Dimethyl succinate (C4)
3. Dimethyl glutarate (C5) 2 7 8
5
4. Dimethyl adipate (C6) 3
5. Dimethyl pimelate (C7)
6. Dimethyl suberate (C8)
7. Dimethyl azelate (C9) 4
8. Dimethyl sebacate (C10) 1
9. Dimethyl terephthalate
10. Dimethyl isophthalate
11. Dimethyl phthalate
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Min
713-0976
Figure 14. Bacterial Acid Standard

Packing: 3% SP-2100 DOH on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Cat. No.: 12101 (packing) 1. 11:0 13. 16:0
Column: 10' x 2mm ID glass 2. 2-OH 10:0 14. -17:0
Oven: 150C to 225C at 4C/min 3. 12:0 15. 17:0
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 4. 13:0 16. 17:0
5. 2-OH 12:0 17. 2-OH 16:0
Det.: FID 6. 3-OH 12:0 18. 3-OH 16:0
Inj.: 1L 7. 14:0 19. 18:1
13 8. -15:0 20. 18:0
9. 15:0 21. 19:0
8 10. 2-OH 14:0 22. 19:0
20 11. 3-OH 14:0 23. 20:0
12. 16:1
1 3 4 6 7 12 15
23
9
16
19
2 5 14
10 21 22
11
17
18
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Min
For more information, request Bulletin 856 and Application Note 50. 795-0159
12
Figure 15. Bile Acid Methyl Esters
Acids, Methyl Esters/Alcohols

Oven: 275C 1
Carrier: helium, 40mL/min 3
Det.: FID
2
1. Methyl lithocholate (0.94g/L)

2. Methyl deoxycholate (1.25g/L)
3. Methyl chenodeoxycholate (1.57g/L)
4. Methyl cholate (2.50g/L)
0 4 8 12 16 20
Min
713-0977
Figure 16. Alcoholic Beverage/Fermentation Products

Packing: 80/120 Carbopack B AW/6.6% PEG 20M
Column: 2m x 2mm ID glass
Carrier: nitrogen
Det.: FID 1. Acetaldehyde 20. Butanol
Inj.: 1L water:ethanol (50:50), 2. Methanol 21. Ethyl isobutyrate
40-60ppm each analyte 3. Propanol 22. 3-Methylbutan-2-ol
4. Acetone 23. 3-Pentanol
5. Methyl acetate 24. 2-Pentanol
6. Ethanol 25. Isobutyl acetate
7. Isobutanol 26. Ethyl butyrate
6,7 8. Butanal 27. Butyl acetate
9. Isopropanol 28. 2-Methylpentan-1-ol
10. Ethyl acetate 29. 1-Methylpentan-1-ol
11. Diacetal 30. Acetic acid
12. n-Propanol 31. Pentanol
12 13. Isopentanal 32. Isoamyl acetate
14. sec-Butanol 33. Furfural
15. Pentanal 34. Propionic acid
18 16. Ethyl propionate 35. Hexanol
4 24,25 17. Propyl acetate 36. Isobutyric acid
9 18. Isobutanol 37. Butyric acid
19. Acetal
5
1 20
2 8 11 15,16
21 33
22 28
26 29 31
13 30 35 36
3 17 37
10 14 23 34
27 32
19
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Min
Use this packing in glass columns only.
Figure provided by Dr. Antonio DiCorcia and colleagues, University of Rome (used with permission of Elsevier
Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam). 713-0711
13
Figure 17. Tequila Headspace
1
Packing: HayeSep D, 80/120 mesh 3
Oven: 100C
Det.: P.E. 900 T.C., 225 ma, 140C
Inj.: Valco valve, 100L, 140C
1. Air (Att. x1)

2. Carbon dioxide (Att. x1)
3. Water (Att. x1) 2
4. Methanol (Att. x1)
5. Acetaldehyde (Att. x1) 6
6. Ethanol (Att. x8)
0 1 2 3 4 5
Min

Chromatogram provided courtesy of Hayes Separations, Inc. 795-0160
Figure 18. Cherry Brandy

Packing: 80/100 Carbopack B AW/5% Carbowax 20M
Cat. No.: 11812-U (packing) 3
Det.: FID 1. Acetaldehyde
Inj.: 0.5L cherry brandy 2. Methanol
3. Ethanol
4. Ethyl acetate
5. n-Propanol
U Unknown
6. Isobutanol
7. Acetal
8. Acetic acid
9. Active amyl alcohol
5 10. Isoamyl alcohol
U Unknown
2
10
1 4
6 U
U 9
7 8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Min
795-0083
14
Figure 19. Bourbon
Alcohols
(stock column available) 3
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.5L bourbon whiskey
1. Acetaldehyde
2. Methanol
3. Ethanol
4. Ethyl acetate
5. n-Propanol 4
6. Isobutanol
7. Acetic acid 8
6
9. Isoamyl alcohol
1
5 7
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Min

795-0084
Figure 20. Scotch Whiskey

Packing: 80/120 Carbopack B/6.6% Carbowax 20M
Oven: 80C to 150C at 4C/min 3
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.5L Scotch whiskey
1. Acetaldehyde
2. Methanol
3. Ethanol
4. Ethyl acetate
5. n-Propanol
6. Isobutanol
8. Isoamyl alcohol
9. Acetic acid
8
5 6
4 7
1
2
9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Min
795-0085
15
Figure 21. Denaturants in Alcohol
Packing: GP 80/100 Carbopack C/0.1% SP-1000
Oven: 80C 6
3
Det.: FID 4
Inj.: 70% ethanol & 2% of 5
each denaturant
7
1
1. Methanol
2. Ethanol 10
3. Acetone
4. Isopropanol 8
5. n-Propanol
6. tert-Butanol
7. Chloroform, methyl ester 11 14
8. Methyl Cellosolve 9 12
9. sec-Butanol
10. Isobutanol
11. Ethyl acetate
13
12. n-Butanol
13. Ethyl Cellosolve 15
14. Benzene
15. Methyl isobutyl ketone
0 2 4 6 8 10 22 24
Min

795-0161
Figure 22. Blood Alcohols

Packing: 60/80 Carbopack B/5% Carbowax 20M
Cat. No.: 11766 ((packing, 15g/bottle)
Column: 6' x 2mm ID glass 2
Oven: 85C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 1L water, 1. Acetaldehyde
0.05-0.10% each analyte 3 2. Methanol
3. Acetone
4 4. Ethanol
5. Isopropanol
1 6. n-Propanol
5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Min
For more information, request Application Note 72.
713-0622
16
Figure 23. Alcohols (C1-C5) and Acetaldehyde
Alcohols
Cat. No.: 11812-U (packing, 15g/bottle)
Column: 2m x 2mm ID glass 3
Det.: FID 6
Inj.: 0.5L Scotch whiskey
1. Acetaldehyde 9
2. Methanol
3. Ethanol
4. Ethyl acetate
5. n-Propanol
6. Isobutanol
7. Acetic acid
9. Isoamyl alcohol 4 8
1 7
2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Use this packing in glass columns only. Min
713-0710
Figure 24. Isomeric Alcohols (C1-C5)

Packing: 80/100 Carbopack C/0.2% Oronite NIW 8
Oven: 125C
Det.: FID 7
Inj.: 0.1L
3
9
1. Methanol
2. Ethanol 13
3. 2-Propanol
4. 1-Propanol 11
5. 2-Methyl-2-propanol (tert-butyl) 5
6. 2-Butanol (sec-butyl) 12
2 14
7. 2-Methyl-1-propanol (isobutyl) 6
8. 1-Butanol 15
10
9. 2-Methyl-2-butanol (tert-amyl)
10. 2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol 16
11. 3-Methyl-2-butanol
12. 3-Pentanol
13. 2-Pentanol 1
14. 2-Methyl-1-butanol (active)
16. 1-Pentanol
0 2 4 6 8 10
Min
795-0162
17
Figure 25. Isomeric Alcohols (C1-C5)
4 8
Packing: 80/100 Carbopack F-SL 3
Oven: 120C
Det.: FID 7
Inj.: 0.1L
1. Methanol 5
2. Ethanol
3. 2-Propanol 2
4. 1-Propanol 13
5. 2-Methyl-2-propanol (tert-butyl)
6. 2-Butanol (sec-butyl) 11
6
7. 2-Methyl-1-propanol (isobutyl) 12
8. 1-Butanol 14
1
9. 2-Methyl-2-butanol (tert-amyl)
11. 3-Methyl-2-butanol 10 16
12. 3-Pentanol
13. 2-Pentanol
14. 2-Methyl-1-butanol (active)
16. 1-Pentanol
0 1 2 3 4 5
Min
713-1069
Figure 26. Alcohols (C10-C18)

Oven: 225C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.5L, 0.1% each
in chloroform 1
1. 1-Decanol (C10)
2. 1-Dodecanol (C12)
3. 1-Tetradecanol (C14)
4. 1-Hexadecanol (C16)
5. 1-Octadecanol (C18)
2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Min

795-0163
18
Figure 27. Alcohols (C14:0-C18:0, C18:1, & C18:2)
Alcohols/Amines
Oven: 200C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 1L, 1% total sample in chloroform
3
6
1. C14:0
2. C14:1
3. C16:0
4. C16:1
5. C18:0
6. C18:1
7. C18:2
1 5
4
7
2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Min
795-0164
Figure 28. Aliphatic Amines in Water (100ppm)

Packing: Carbopack B/4% Carbowax 20M/0.8% KOH
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 1. Methylamine
2. Dimethylamine
Det.: FID 3. Ethylamine
Inj.: 0.5L 4 4. Trimethylamine
5. Isopropylamine
6. n-Propylamine
7. tert-Butylamine
8. Diethylamine
9. sec-Butylamine
2 10. Isobutylamine
3 5 7 11. n-Butylamine
6
8 10
9 11
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Min

795-0165
19
Figure 29. Amines
2
Packing: 80/100 HayeSep B
Cat. No.: 10286 (packing,75cc/bottle)
Oven: 140C to 190C at 16C/min 3
Det.: thermal conductivity (175ma, 180C)
Inj.: 0.2L, on-column injection, 150C
1. Air
2. Water
4 3. Methylamine
4. Dimethylamine
5 5. Trimethylamine
6. Ethylene diamine
For more information, request Bulletin 737. 0 1 2 3 4 5

Min
Chromatogram provided courtesy of Hayes Separations, Inc.
713-0717
Figure 30. Heterocyclic Amines in Water (1000ppm)

Packing: Carbopack B/4% Carbowax 20M/0.8% KOH
Oven: 140C
Det.: FID 2
Inj.: 0.4L
3 1. Ethylenediamine
2. Piperidine
3. Pyridine
4. Morpholine
5. Piperazine
6. Cyclohexylamine
1
4
6
5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Min
795-0166
20
Figure 31. Amines
Amines/Amino Acids
Packing: 60/80 Carbopack B/4% Carbowax 20M/0.8% KOH
Column: 2m x 2mm ID glass IS 2
1
Oven: 100C (2 min) to 220C
at 16C/min
Det.: thermionic (nitrogen-specific) 3
11ng Each Amine

1. Butylamine 4
IS Triethylamine (int. std.)
2. n-Amylamine
3. n-Hexylamine
4. n-Heptylamine
5. n-Octylamine
0 2 4 6 8 10
713-0715
Figure 32. TMS Amino Acids

Packing: 10% OV-11 on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Column: 6' x 2mm ID glass 1. ALA
Oven: 100C (5 min) to 230C at 3C/min 2. GLY2
Carrier: nitrogen, 30mL/min 3. IMP
4. VAL
1 5. LEU
6. GLY3
6 7. PRO
4 8 8. SER
9 9. THR
5
10 10. HYPRO
11. ASP
17 12. MET
3 7 11 15
18 13. GLU2
14. GLU3
15. PHE
12 16. ARG
17. LYS
18. TYR
19 19. HIS
2 16
20. TRP
21. CYS
13
14
21
20
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
Min
795-0167
21
Figure 33. Aroclors
Packing: 1.5% SP-2250/1.95% SP-2401
on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Column: 2m x 1/4" OD x 4mm ID
TightSpec glass Aroclor 1016
Oven: 160C (Aroclor 1016, 1221,
1232, 1242, 1248)
200C (Aroclor 1254, 1260)
Det.: ECD
Inj.: 5ng each Aroclor in
5L isooctane
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
Min
For more information, request Bulletin 817
and Application Note 67. 795-0170
22
Figure 34. Aroclors
Aroclors
Packing: 3% SP-2100 on 100/120
SUPELCOPORT
Aroclor 1016
Column: 2m x 1/4" OD x 2mm ID TightSpec glass
Oven: 170C (Aroclor 1016, 1242,
1248, 1254, 1260)
140C (Aroclor 1221, 1232)
Det.: ECD
Inj.: 3ng each Aroclor in 3L isooctane
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
0 8 16 24 32
For more information, request Bulletin 817 Min
and Application Note 67.
795-0171
23
Figure 35. Ammonia 2 3
Packing: HayeSep P, 60/80 mesh
Oven: 80C
Det.: T.C.(175ma), 200C
Inj.: 0.1L of NH4OH, on-column, 150C
1. Air
2. Ammonia (35%)
3. Water (65%)
0 1 2 3
795-0168
Figure 36. Aromatics and Aliphatics

Packing: 10% TCEP on 100/120 Chromosorb P AW
Oven: 80C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.2L, approx. equal volumes each analyte
1. n-Hexane
2
2. n-Heptane
3. n-Octane
4. n-Nonane
5. n-Decane
6. Benzene
7. Toluene
8. Ethylbenzene
9. m-Xylene
1 3 10. p-Xylene
11. Isopropylbenzene
4 12. o-Xylene
5 9,10
6
7
8 11
12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Min
For more information,
request Bulletin 743.
713-0724
24
Ammonia/Aromatics
Figure 37. Aromatics in Gasoline
Packing: 35% BC-150 on 100/120 Chromosorb P AW
Oven: 150C (5 min) to 200C at 16C/min
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.5L gasoline
1 3
1. C1-C12 aliphatic hydrocarbons

2. Benzene
3. Toluene
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Min

795-0169
Figure 38. Aromatic Impurities in Ethylbenzene

Packing: 80/100 Carbopack C/0.1% SP-1000
Cat. No.: 12495-U (general configuration stock column;
other stock columns available)
Oven: 225C
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min at 42psi
1
3 U
1. Benzene
U Unknown
2. Toluene
U 2 3. Ethylbenzene
4. Isopropylbenzene
5. Xylenes
U Unknown
5
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Min
711-0097
25
Figure 39. Aromatics
6
Oven: 200C 1. Benzene
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min at 42psi 2. n-Hexane
3. Toluene
4. Ethylbenzene
5. Isopropylbenzene
6. m- & p-Xylene
7. o-Xylene
8. n-Propylbenzene
5
4 7
1 8
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Min
711-0096
Figure 40. Aromatics

Packing: 5.0% SP-1200/1.75% Bentone 34 on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Cat. No.: 12721 (general configuration stock column;
Oven: 75C 5
1. Benzene
Inj.: 0.1L 2. Toluene
3. Ethylbenzene
4. p-Xylene
5. m-Xylene
6. o-Xylene
7. Isopropylbenzene
8. Styrene
9. n-Propylbenzene
2 3
1
4
6
7
8
9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
711-0094
26
Aromatics
Figure 41. Butylbenzenes
Cat. No.: 12495-U (general configuration stock column,
other stock columns available) 1. tert-Butylbenzene
Oven: 225C 2 2. sec-Butylbenzene
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 3. Isobutylbenzene
4. n-Butylbenzene
Det.: FID
Inj.: 1L chloroform
(~0.1% each analyte) 1 3
0 2 4 6 8 10
Min
713-0721
Figure 42. Butylbenzenes

Packing: 60/80 Carbopack F-TA
Cat. No.: packing available in packed columns only
Oven: 225C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.05L methyl ethyl ketone
(5% each analyte) 1
1. tert-Butylbenzene
2. sec-Butylbenzene
2 3. Isobutylbenzene
4. n-Butylbenzene
0 2 4 6
Min
713-0720
27
Figure 43. Tri- and Tetramethylbenzenes
Oven: 110C
Inj.: 0.6L, solution 0.1% each component in CHCl 3
1. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
4. 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene
1
2
3
4 5
6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Min
Figure 44. Vinyl Chloride

Packing: 80/100 Carbopack C/0.19% picric acid
Cat. No.: 13867 (general configuration stock column only)
Oven: 50C 2
Det.: FID, Varian 3700
Inj.: 1L, 1ppm vinyl chloride
in carbon disulfide
1. Vinyl chloride (1ppm)

2. Carbon disulfide
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Min

795-0172
28
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Figure 45. Vinyl Chloride
Packing: 60/80 Carbopack C/0.2% Carbowax 1500
Oven: room temperature
Det.: FID
Inj.: 1mL nitrogen containing 1ppm VC
40
30
20
10
0 1 2 3
For more information, request Min
Bulletins 846, and 866.
795-0173
Figure 46. Methylene Chloride and

Vinyl Chloride by OSHA Method 51 1 2
Standard representing
Sample: Carboxen-564 spiked with vinyl 0.75mg/m3 vinyl acetate
acetate (18ng) and desorbed with in 24L air sample
methanol:methylene chloride (5:95)
Sampling Tube: ORBO-92 1. Methanol
Cat. No.: 20362 2. Methylene chloride
3. Solvent impurity
Packing: 80/100 Carbopack C/ 4. Vinyl acetate
0.2% Carbowax 1500
Cat. No.: 11827 (packing, 15g/bottle) 4
Oven: 90C 3
Det.: FID
Inj.: 1L
Blank
0 2 4 6 8
Min
713-0694,0695
29
Figure 47. Chlorinated Volatile Hydrocarbons by
US EPA Method TO-1
Sample: 2ng each component
9
Desorption Tube: Carbotrap 300, 4mm ID
Cat. No.: 20379
Thermal Desorption: 330C, 4 min
Transfer Line Temp.: 220C
Carrier (desorption
tube to column): helium, 20mL/min
Cat. No.: 12495-U (general configuration stock column; 6
Det.: FID 1 4
1. Methanol (carrier solvent)

2. Chloroform
3. 1,2-Dichloropropane 2 7
4. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 5
5. Carbon tetrachloride 8
11
6. 1,2-Dichloroethane 10
7. Trichloroethylene
8. Bromoform
9. Tetrachloroethylene
10. Impurity
11. Chlorobenzene
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Min
713-0702
Figure 48. Volatile Compounds by

US EPA Methods TO-2 and TO-3
Sample: 1-5ng each component
Desorption Tube: Carbotrap 300, 4mm ID 1. Vinyl chloride
Cat. No.: 20379 2. Dichloromethane
Carrier: helium, 20mL/min 3. Acrylonitrile
4. 1,1-Dichloroethylene
Packing: 60/80 Carbopack B/1% SP-1000 5. 3-Chloropropene
Cat. No.: 11815 (packing, 15g/bottle) 4,5
6. Chloroform
Column: 8' x 1/8" stainless steel 7. 1,2-Dichloroethane
Cat. No.: 12543 (general configuration stock 8. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
9. Carbon tetrachloride
column; other stock columns available) 10. Benzene
Oven: 35C (2 min) to 220C at 16C/min 11. Tetrachloroethylene
Det.: FID 12. Toluene
13. Chlorobenzene
10
7
1 3 8
13
2
6 9 12
11
0 4 8 12 16 20
Min

713-0709
30
Figure 49. Chlorinated Solvents
Creosote
Packing: 20% SP-2100/0.1% Carbowax 1500 on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 100C
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 1. Methylene chloride
Det.: FID 2. 1,1-Dichloroethane
1 2 3. Chloroform
4 4. 1,2-Dichloroethane
5. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
7. Trichloroethylene
5 9. Perchloroethylene
10. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
7 11. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
6 8
10
3 9
11
For more information, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

request Bulletin 824. Min
795-0174
Figure 50. Creosote

Cat. No.: 12717 (general configuration stock column; 1. Naphthalene
other stock columns available) 2. 2-Methylnaphthalene
Oven: 100C to 300C at 6C/min 3. 1-Methylnaphthalene
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 4. Biphenyl
5. 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene
Det.: FID 6. 2,3-Dimethylnaphthalene
Inj.: 0.1L 11
7. Acenaphthalene
2 8. Dibenzofuran
9. Fluorene
10. Methyl fluorenes
7 11. Phenanthrene & Anthracene
12. Carbazole
13. Fluoranthene
14. Pyrene
1 15. Chrysene
3 8 9
13
14
4 6
5 12 15
10
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
Min
For more information, request Bulletin 743 and Application Note 108.
713-0749
31
Figure 51. Creosote
1. Naphthalene
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 2. 2-Methylnaphthalene
7 11
Det.: FID 2 3. 1-Methylnaphthalene
Inj.: 0.1L 4. Biphenyl
7. Acenaphthalene
9 8. Dibenzofuran
9. Fluorene
1 8 10. Methyl fluorenes
12. Carbazole
13. Fluoranthene
14. Pyrene
4 13
5
14
12
6 10
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60
Min
711-0099
Figure 52. Creosote with Liquid Crystal Phase

Packing: 1.5% SP-2100/1% BMBT on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Cat. No.: custom
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 1. Naphthalene
Det.: FID 2. 2-Methylnaphthalene
3. 1-Methylnaphthalene
Inj.: 0.1L creosote 4. Biphenyl
2
7. Acenaphthalene
8. Dibenzofuran
9. Fluorene
10. Methyl fluorenes
11. Phenanthrene
12. Anthracene
13. Carbazole
3 14. Fluoranthene
7 15. Pyrene
8 11
9
4
5
1
12
6 10 13 14 15
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Min

795-0175
32
Figure 53. Cannibinoids as TMS Derivatives
Creosote/Drugs
Oven: 235C
Det.: FID, 275C
1. Cannabidiol
5 2. Cannabichromene
3. Cannabigerol
6
4. -THC
1 5. 1
-THC
6. Cannabinol
3 4
0 2 4 6 8 10
Min
795-0176
Figure 54. Nicotine

Packing: 10% Carbowax 20M/2% KOH
on 80/100 Chromosorb W AW
Column: 6' x 2mm ID
Oven: 200C
Carrier: 20mL/min
Inj.: 1L
Nicotine
0 1 2 3 4
Min
795-0177
33
Figure 55. Anticonvulsant Drugs, Underivatized
Packing: 2% SP-2110/1% SP-2510-DA on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 120C to 250C at 16C/min, hold 4 min
Det.: FID
Inj.: 2L, analyte amounts shown on figure
1. Ethosuximide, 1.0g
2. -Methyl, -propyl succinimide (int. std.), 1.0g
2 3. Phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA), 0.2g
5 4. p-Methyl PEMA (int. std.), 0.2g
1 5. Phenobarbital, 0.5g
6 6. p-Methyl phenobarbital (int. std.), 0.5g
7. Carbamazepine, 0.2g
8. Promidone, 0.2g
9. p-Methyl primidone (int. std.), 0.2g
4 10. Phenytoin, 0.3g
11. p-Methyl phenytoin (int. std.), 0.5g
11
3
8 10
7
9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Min
713-0625
Figure 56. Anticonvulsant Drugs, Underivatized

Packing: 2% SP-2510-DA on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Column: 3' x 2mm ID glass 1. Ethosuximide
Oven: 150C to 265C at 16C/min, 2. Methsuximide
hold 4 min 3. Phensuximide
Carrier: nitrogen, 50mL/min 4. Barbital (int. std.)
Det.: FID 5. N-Desmethyl methsuximide
Inj.: 2L 6. Mephenytoin
7. N-Desmethyl phensuximide
8. Phenylethylmalonamide
9. 5-Methyl-5-phenythydantoin (int. std.)
10. Phenobarbital
11. Carbamazepine
3 12. Primidone
13. Diphenythydantoin
2 14. 5-p-Methylphenyl-5-phenythydantoin
6
11 (int. std.)
4 5 7
1 14
10
8
9 12 13
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Min
713-0626
34
Figure 57. Anticonvulsant Drugs
Drugs
Oven: 190C
1
Det.: FID, 250C
Inj.: 0.25g/mL each drug
1. Valproic acid
2. Cyclohexane carboxylic acid
3. , -Dimethyl- -methylsuccinimide
4. Ethosuximide
0 1 2 3 4 5
Min
713-0675
Figure 58. Psychotropic Drugs, Antidepressants,

Underivatized
Oven: 250C
Det.: NPD
1. Amitriptyline
Inj.: 5L methanol, 2. Nortriptyline
10ng each drug 3. Clomipramine
2
0 2 4 6
Min
713-0676
35
Figure 59. Barbiturates
Packing: 3% SP-2250 DA on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 230C
Inj.: 1L, 0.1g/L each component
2
3
1. Amobarbital
2. Pentobarbital
3. Secobarbital
4. Phenobarbital
0 1 2 3 4
Min
795-0178
Figure 60. Alkaloids

Packing: 3% SP-2250 DB on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 230C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 1L methanol, analyte quantities shown on figure
1
1. Procaine, 0.2g
2. Methadone, 0.2g
3. Cocaine, 0.4g
2 4. Codeine, 0.4g
5. Heroin, 0.4g
6. Quinine, 2.0g
3
4
6
5
0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Min
713-0664
36
Figure 61. US EPA Method 601, Purgeable Halocarbons
EPA Methods (600 Series)

Packing: 60/80 Carbopack B/1% SP-1000
Column: 8' x 1/8" OD stainless steel
Cat. No.: 12543 (general configuration stock column; other stock columns available)
Oven: 45C (3 min) to 220C at 8C/min, 15 min hold
Det.: Hall, 85C
Inj.: 1L of a synthetic mixture of volatile pollutants in dodecane, 200-500ng/L
each component, 200C
1. Chloromethane 17. cis-1,3-Dichloropropene, 1,1,2-Trichloroethane, &
2. Bromomethane Chlorodibromomethane
3. Vinyl chloride & Dichlorofluoromethane IS 1-Chloro-2-bromopropane (int. std.)
4. Chloroethane 18. 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
5. Methylene chloride 19. Bromoform
6. Trichlorofluoromethane 20. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene & 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-
7. 1,1-Dichloroethylene ethane
IS Bromochloromethane (int. std.) IS 1,4-Dichlorobutane (int. std.)
8. 1,1-Dichloroethane 21. Chlorobenzene
9. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 20
10. Chloroform
11. 1,2-Dichloroethane 6 17
13. Carbon tetrachloride 16
10 13
14. Bromodichloromethane 12 15
15. 1,2-Dichloropropane & 7 8
11 14 18 IS
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene 4 9
5 IS 19
16. Trichloroethylene 3 IS 21
1 2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
For more information, request Min
Bulletins 775 and 865.
795-0179
Figure 62. US EPA Method 602, Purgeable Aromatics

Packing: 5% SP-1200/1.75% Bentone 34 on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 50C (2 min) to 90C at 6C/min and hold
Det.: FID
Inj.: 1L of 0.2mg/mL standard of each purgeable aromatic in methanol
1. Benzene
2. Toluene
3. Ethylbenzene
4. Chlorobenzene
5. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
3
2 4
1
5 6
7
For more information, request 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Bulletins 775 and 865. Min
795-0180
37
Figure 63. US EPA Method 603, Acrolein and Acrylonitrile
Packing: 80/100 Chromosorb 101
Column: 6' x 1/8" OD stainless steel
Det.: FID
Inj.: 2L synthetic standard in water
1
1. Acrolein, 3mg/mL
2. Acrylonitrile, 1mg/mL
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Min

795-0181
Figure 64. US EPA Method 604, Derivatives of Phenols

Column: 1.8m x 2mm ID glass
Det.: EC
Inj.: 0.1L with 0.2g/mL of each component in methanol
1
1. Phenol
2. 2,4-Dimethylphenol
3. 2-Chlorophenol
4. 4-Methyl-3-chlorophenol
5. 2,4-Dichlorophenol
3 6. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2 7. 2-Nitrophenol
5 8. 4-Nitrophenol
4 6 9. Pentachlorophenol
7
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
MIn

795-0182
38
Figure 65. US EPA Method 604, Phenols

Det.: FID, 250C
Inj.: 0.5L EPA Phenols Mix (Cat. No. 48859)
1 8 1. Methanol
2. o-Chlorophenol (0.25g)
3. 2-Nitrophenol (0.25g)
10 4. Phenol (0.25g)
5. 2,4-Dimethylphenol (0.25g)
6. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (0.25g)
7. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (0.75g)
8. 4-Chloro-m-cresol (1.25g)
9. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (0.75g)
10. 4,6-Dinitro-p-cresol (1.25g)
11 11. Pentachlorophenol (1.25g)
7 12. Nitrophenol (1.25g)
12
9
4 5
2
3 6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Min

713-1032
Figure 66. US EPA Method 606, Phthalates

Packing: 1.5% SP-2250/1.95% SP-2401 on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Column: 2m x 4mm ID glass (stock column available)
Oven: 180C and 220C
Det.: ECD, 250C
Inj.: 1L of phthalate mixture at concentrations indicated
1
180C 220C
1. Dimethyl phthalate (1.0ppm)
2. Diethyl phthalate (0.2ppm)
4 3. Di-n-butyl phthalate (1.0ppm)
4. Butyl benzyl phthalate (1.0ppm)
5. bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (0.4ppm)
6. Di-n-octyl phthalate (1.0ppm)
6
5
2 3
0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Min MIn
795-0183
39
Figure 67. Phthalates
Det.: FID
Inj.: 1L of 75ng/L each component in carbon disulfide
S Carbon disulfide (solvent)

1. Di-n-butyl phthalate
1 2. bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Min

795-0184
Figure 68. US EPA Method 607, Nitrosamines

Packing: 10% Carbowax 20M/2% KOH on 80/100 Chromosorb W AW
Oven: 110C and 220C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 2L of 0.2mg/mL standard in methanol at concentrations indicated
1. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (0.2mg/mL)
2. N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine (0.2mg/mL)
110C 220C 3. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
(as Diphenylamine) (0.4mg/mL)
For more information, request

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 Bulletins 775 and 865.
Min Min
795-0185
40
Figure 69. N-Nitrosamines

Packing: 10% Carbowax 20M/2% KOH on
80/100 Chromosorb W AW
Column: 2m x 4mm ID TightSpec glass
Oven: 150C
Det.: Hewlett-Packard NPD
Inj.: 1ng each componetnt in
2L methylene chloride
1. N-Nitrosodimethylamine
2. N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
0 2 4 6 8 10
Min
795-0186
Figure 70. US EPA Method 608, Pesticides

1. -BHC
Column: 2m x 4mm ID glass 2. -BHC
(stock column available) 1 3. -BHC
Oven: 200C 4. Heptachlor
Carrier: argon:methane 5. -BHC
(95:5), 6mL/min 2 6. Aldrin
Det.: EC Ni63 7. Heptachlorepoxide
8. Endosulfan I
Inj.: 0.5L of 0.02mg/mL 9. 4,4'-DDE
of each pesticide 4 10. Dieldrin
11. Endrin
6 12. 4,4'-DDD & Endosulfan II
13. 4,4'-DDT
14. Endrin aldehyde
5 15. Endosulfan sulfate
7
3
10
9
11 12
8
13
14 15
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Min

795-0187
41
Figure 71. US EPA Method 609,
Nitroaromatics and Isophorone
Oven: 85C and 145C 1. Nitrobenzene
Carrier: nitrogen, 44mL/min 2. Isophorone
Det.: FID for nitrobenzene & 3. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
4. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
isophorone
EC for dinitrotoluenes
Inj.: 2L of 0.2mg/mL
standard on FID 85C 145C
0.5L of 2ng/L 1
standard on EC
2
3
0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 10
Min Min

795-0188
Figure 72. US EPA Method 610,

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.2g each component in 1L methanol/methylene chloride
1. Naphthalene
2. Acenaphthylene
3. Acenaphthene
4. Fluorene
6. Fluoranthene
3 4 7. Pyrene
2 8. Benzo(a)anthracene
6 9. Chrysene
7 9 10 10. Benzo(b)fluoranthene & Benzo(k)fluoranthene
1 8 11. Benzo(a)pyrene
12. Dibenz(a,h)anthracene & Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
13. Benzo(ghi)perylene
11
12
13

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Min 795-0189
42
Figure 73. US EPA Method 611, Haloethers

Det.: FID
Inj.: 1L of 0.2mg/mL of each haloether in methanol
1. bis(2-Chloroisopropyl)ether
2. 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
3. bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane
4. bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether
5. 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
2 5
3
1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Min

795-0190
Figure 74. US EPA Method 612, Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

Packing: 1.5% OV-1/1.5% OV-225 on 80/100 SUPELCOPORT
Cat. No.: custom (packing)
Oven: 75C and 160C
Carrier: argon:methane (95:5), 30mL/min
Det.: EC
Inj.: 2L of synthetic mixture (0.1 to 10ng/L) in hexane
7
75C 160C
2. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 6
3. Hexachloroethane
4. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 5
5. Hexachlorobutadiene
6. 1,2,4-Trichlorocyclopentadiene
7. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
8. 2-Chloronaphthalene 3
9. Hexachlorobenzene
1
4 9
2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 2 4 6 8
For more information, request Min Min
Bulletins 775 and 865.
795-0191
43
Figure 75. US EPA Method 625, Base/Neutrals
Det.: FID, 300C
16. Fluorene & 4-Chlorophenylphenyl ether
Inj.: 1L methylene chloride, 0.125g 17. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
or 0.063g (*) each analyte 18. Diethylphthalate & N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
19. 4-Bromophenylphenyl ether &
1. 1,3-Dichlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene
2. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene-d4 20. Phenanthrene & Anthracene
3. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether 21. Di-n-butyl phthalate
4. Hexachloroethane & 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 22. Fluoranthene*
5. Bis(methyl-2-chloroethyl)ether 23. Pyrene*
6. N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine 24. Benzidine
7. Nitrobenzene & Hexachlorobutadiene 25. Butyl benzyl phthalate
8. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene & Isophorone 26. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
9. Naphthalene & Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane 27. Benzo(a)fluoranthene*
10. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 28. Chrysene*
11. 2-Chloronaphthalene 29. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
12. Acenaphthylene 30. Di-n-octyl phthalate
13. Acenaphthene 31. Benzo(b)fluoranthene* & Benzo(k)fluoranthene*
14. Dimethylphthalate 32. Benzo(a)pyrene
15. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene 33. Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene* &
16 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene*
9 20 34. Benzo(ghi)perylene*
13 17
12
11 19
26 For more information, request
28
21 25
30 Bulletins 775 and 865.
22 23 29
24 78 18 27
1 15 31
14
3 32
5 24 33
10 34
6
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
Min 713-1037
Figure 76. US EPA Method 624, Volatiles

Packing:
60/80 Carbopack B/1% SP-1000
Cat. No.:
11815 (packing, 15g/bottle)
Column:
8' x 1/8" stainless steel
Cat. No.:
12543 (general configuration stock column; other stock columns available)
Oven:
45C (3 min) to 220C at 8C/min (hold 15 min)
Carrier:
helium, 40mL/min 11. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
Det.:
FID, 250C 12. Chloroform
Inj.:
1L of a synthetic mixture of volatile 13. 1,2-Dichloroethane
pollutants in dodecane, 1. Chloromethane 14. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
200-500ng/L 2. Methanol 16. Bromodichloromethane
each, 200C 3. Bromomethane 17. 1,2-Dichloropropane
4. Vinyl chloride, 18. trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
For more information, request Dichlorofluoromethane 19. Trichloroethylene
Bulletins 775 and 865. 5. Chloroethane 20. Benzene
6. Methylene chloride 21. cis-1,3-Dichloropropene,
5 21 22 7. Trichlorofluoromethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane,
8. 1,1-Dichloroethylene Chlorodibromomethane
9. Bromochloromethane (IS) 22. 1-Chloro-2-bromopropene (IS)
10. 1,1-Dichloroethane 23. 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
2 25 24. Bromoform
11 25. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene,
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
8 17 24 26 26. 1,4-Dichlorobutane (IS)
15 18 20 27. Toluene
9 10 13 14 16 19 23
12 27 28 28. Chlorobenzene
29. Ethylbenzene
6 30. 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
29
30 31 32
3 7
1 4
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44
Min 713-0704
44
Figure 77. US EPA Method 625, Phenols

Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.5L of a standard phenol mixture (Cat. No. 48859)
8
1
10 1. Methanol
2. o-Chlorophenol, 0.5mg/mL
3. 2-Nitrophenol, 0.5mg/mL
4. Phenol, 0.5mg/mL
5. 2,4-Dimethylphenol, 0.5mg/mL
6. 2,4-Dichlorophenol, 0.5mg/mL
11 7. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, 1.5mg/mL
7 8. 4-Chloro-m-cresol, 2.5mg/mL
9. 2,4-Dinitrophenol, 1.5mg/mL
12 10. 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, 2.5mg/mL
9
11. Pentachlorophenol, 2.5mg/mL
4 5 12. 4-Nitrophenol, 2.5mg/mL
2
6
3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Min

795-0194
Figure 78. US EPA Method 625, Pesticides

Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.1L of a synthetic mixture of pesticides (1ng/L each)
1. -BHC
2. -BHC
3. -BHC
4. Heptachlor
5. -BHC
6. Aldrin
7. Heptachlorepoxide
8. Endosulfan I 1
9. Dieldrin & 4,4'-DDE
10. Endrin
11. Endosulfan II & 4,4'-DDD
12. 4,4'-DDT 9
2
13. Endosulfan sulfate & Endrin aldehyde 6
7
4 10
3 5
11
8
12
13
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
Min
795-0193
45
Figure 79. Ethylene Oxide and Ethylene Oxide Residues
Packing: 80/100 Carbopack C/0.8% THEED
Oven: 115C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 1L water containing
50ppm each component
1. Ethylene oxide
2. Water
3. Ethylene chlorohydrin
4. Ethylene glycol
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Min
713-0732
Figure 80. Trace Ethylene Oxide in Nitrogen

Packing: HayeSep D
Oven: 130C
Det.: FID, 140C
Inj.: 250mL Valco valve, 100C
1. Ethylene oxide, 23ppm
5 4 3 2 1 0
For more information, request Application Note 109. Min
795-0195
46
Figure 81. Ethylene Oxide by US Army Method
Ethylene Oxide/Fatty Acids

Sample: HBr-coated Carboxen-564 spiked
with 2-bromoethanol (1.2ng) and
desorbed with toluene:acetonitrile (50:50)
Sampling Tube: ORBO-78
Cat. No.: 20355
Packing: 10% DEGS on 80/100 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 155C S Solvent
Carrier: nitrogen, 30mL/min I Solvent impurities
Det.: ECD S
2-Bromoethanol
I EtO Analyses
2-Bromoethanol back-
I ground is negligible
I Blank
For more information, request Application Note 109. 0 2 4
Min 713-0696, 0697
Figure 82. Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of Rapeseed Oil Mixture

Packing: 5% DEGS-PS on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 200C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.5L RM-3 Mix (Cat. No. O7256-1AMP), 10g FAMEs/L in chloroform
4
5
1. C14:0
2. C16:0
3. C18:0
4. C18:1
5. C18:2
9 6. C20:0
2 7. C18:3
8. C22:0
9. C22:1
10. C24:0
3
1
6
7 8
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
For more information, Min
713-0973
47
Figure 83. Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of Rapeseed Oil Mixture
Packing: GP 10% DEGS-PS on 80/100 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 200C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.5L RM-3 Mix (Cat. No. O7256-1AMP), 10g FAMEs/L in chloroform
4
1. C14:0
2. C16:0
5 3. C18:0
4. C18:1
5. C18:2
6. C20:0
7. C18:3
8. C22:0
9. C22:1
9 10. C24:0
2
1 3
6
7
8
10
For more information, request 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

MIn
Bulletin 856.
713-1072
Figure 84. C18:3, C20:0, and C20:1 Methyl Esters

Packing: GP 3% SP-2310/2% SP-2300 on 100/120 Chromosorb W AW
Det.: FID
Inj.: 5g mixed esters in 0.5L methylene chloride
1. C14:0
4 5 2. C16:0
2
3. C18:0
4. C18:1
5. C18:2
6. C18:3
7. C20:0
6 8. C20:1
9. C22:0
3 10 10. C22:1
11. C24:0
7
1 11
9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Min

795-0260
48
Figure 85. Methyl Elaidate and Oleate FAMEs
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

Packing: 15% OV-275 on 100/120 Chromosorb P AW DMCS
Oven: 220C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.5L isooctane containing 5g each analyte
1. Methyl elaidate
2. Methyl oleate
1 2
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
Min

713-0974
Figure 86. Whole Milk Free Acids

Packing: 10% SP-216-PS on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
7
1. C4:0
2. C6:0
3. C8:0
6 4. C10:0
5. C12:0
10 6. C14:0
7. C16:0
8. C16:1
9. C18:0
10. C18:1
11. C18:2
12. C18:3
5
1 4
2 3
8 11
12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
795-0197
49
Figure 87. C18:3, C20:0, and C20:1 Methyl Esters
Packing: GP 3% SP-2310/2% SP-2300 on 100/120 Chromosorb W AW
Det.: FID
Inj.: 5g mixed esters in 0.5L methylene chloride
1. C14:0
2. C16:0
4 5 3. C18:0
2 4. C18:1
5. C18:2
6. C18:3
7. C20:0
8. C20:1
6 9. C22:0
10. C22:1
10 11. C24:0
3
7
1
9 11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
MIn

795-0198
Figure 88. Polyunsaturated FAMEs

Oven: 210C
Inj.: 15g mixed esters in 1.5L isooctane
4
3 1. C14:0
2. C16:0
3. C18:0
1 4. C18:1
7 5. C20:1
6. C22:1
7. C20:5
8. C24:1
9. C22:5
10. C22:6
5
2
6
10
8 9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
MIn

795-0199
50
Figure 89. Reference Standard: RM-3 Peanut Oil Type
FAMEs/Fragrances
Column: 2 meter x 2mm ID glass
Oven: 195C
Inj.: 0.5L, 10mg/cc isooctane
4
1. C14:0
2. C16:0
3. C18:0
4. C18:1
5. C18:2
5 6. C18:3
7. C20:0
8. C22:0
9. C22:1
9
10. C24:0
2
1 3
6
7 8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Min

795-0200
Figure 90. Grapefruit Oil

Packing: 5% SP-2100/0.1% SP-401 on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.2L
1. -Pinene 10. Unknown
2. Sabinene 11. -Copaene
3. Myrcene 12. -Copaene
4. Limonene 13. -Elemene
5. Unknown 14. Caryophyllene
6. Nonanal 15. Humulene
7. Linalool 16. Valencene
8. Citronellal 17. D-Cadinene
1 23 4 9. Decanal 18. Nootkatone 18
14
9
12
6,7 17
8 10 11 13
5 15 16
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Min
795-0201
51
Figure 91. Lemon Oil
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.2L 1. -Thujene 14. Unknown
2. -Pinene 15. Terpinene-4-ol
3. Camphene 16. -Terpineol
4. Sabinene 17. Neral
5. -Pinene 18. Geranial
6. Myrcene 19. Neryl acetate
2 4,5 6 9 10 7. Unknown 20. Geranyl acetate
8. p-Cymene 21. Caryophyllene
9. Limonene 18 22. Bergamotene
10. -Terpinene 23. Unknown
11. Terpinolene 24. Unknown
12. Nonanal 25. -Bisabolene
13. Linalool
17
25
1
19
11 22
8 20
12,13 21
16
15 24
3 7 14 23
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Min

795-0203
Figure 92. Orange Oil

Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 1. -Pinene
Det.: FID 2. Sabinene
3. Myrcene/Octanal
Inj.: 0.2L 4. Phellandrene
5. Limonene
6. Unknown
7. Nonanal
8. Linalool
9. Citronellal
10. Decanal
11. Neral
12. Geranial
13. Dodecanal
1 2 3 5 8 10 14. Caryophyllene
15. -Copaene
16. Farnesene
17. Valencene
18. -Sinensal
19. -Sinensal
4 7
12 13 17
11
9
6 18
15
14 16 19
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
Min
795-0202
52
Figure 93. Freon and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Fragrances/Freons
Cat . No.: 12485 (general configuration stock column;
4
Oven: 70C
Det.: FID
1. Methyl chloride
2. Methyl bromide
3
3. Vinyl chloride & Freon 12
4. Chloroethane 1
0 1 2 3 4
Min

795-0204
Figure 94. Freon Gases

Packing: 60/80 Carbopack C/0.2% Carbowax 1500
Cat . No.: 13860-U (general configuration stock column;
other stock columns available) 1. Freon 23
Oven: 65C to 150C at 8C/min 2. Freon 13
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 3. Freon 22
Det.: FID 4. Freon 115
5. Freon 12
9 6. Freon 21
7. Freon 114
6 8. Freon 11
4 9. Freon 113
3
2 5 8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Min
795-0205
53
Figure 95. Freon Gases
Packing: 60/80 Carbopack B/5% Fluorcol
Column: 10' x 1/8" SP alloy
Cat. No.: 12425
(general configuration stock column only)
Oven: 50C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 10L synthetic mixture (appr. 20% each compound)
1
1. Freon 22
2. Freon 12
3. Freon 21
4. Freon 114
5. Freon 114a (impurity)
2 6. Freon 11
6
5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Min

Figure provided by J.L. Glajch and W.G. Schindel, I.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc.,
Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE, USA.
713-0705
Figure 96. Formaldehyde

Packing: 100/120 HayeSep T 3
Cat. No.: 10311 (packing, 75cc/bottle)
Oven: 132C
Det.: thermal conductivity (175mA)
Inj.: 0.2L (165C)
1. Air
2. Formaldehyde
3. Water
4. Methanol
1
4
0 1 2 3
Min
713-0690
54
Figure 97. Formalin Solution
Freons/Formaldehyde/C1-C2
Packing: 45/60 Carboxen-1000 1
Cat. No.: 12370-U (general configuration stock
column; other stock columns available)
Oven: 150C
Det.: TCD
Inj.: 0.2L formalin solution
1. Water
2. Formaldehyde
3. Methanol
0 2 4
Min
795-0206
Figure 98. Ethylene and Scott Mix 216

Packing: 100/120 HayeSep DB
Cat. No.: custom 6
1
Oven: 120C
Det.: P.E. 900 T.C., 300ma
2
1. Nitrogen
2. Carbon monoxide
3. Methane 3
4. Carbon dioxide 4
5. Acetylene (0.24ppm)
6. Ethylene 78
7. Water
8. Ethane
5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Min
795-0207
55
Figure 99. Carbon Dioxide and C2 Hydrocarbons
1
Packing: HayeSep T
Column: 5' x 1/8" stainless steel 2
Oven: 32C
Det.: 180C
Inj.: 50mL 3
1. Air
2. Methane
3. Carbon dioxide
4. Ethylene
5. Ethane
6. Acetylene
4
5
6
0 2 4 6
Min
795-0208
Figure 100. Mapp Gases, C1-C3 Unsaturated 5

1
Hydrocarbons and CO2
Packing: HayeSep R
Oven: 80C
Inj.: 15mL
1. Air
2. Methane
3. Carbon dioxide
4. Ethane
5. Propylene
6. Propane
7. Propadiene
8. Methyl acetylene 8
7
6
2 4
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
795-0209
56
Figure 101. Scott Mix 216, C1-C2, CO, and CO2
C1-C2 Hydrocarbons/Gases
Packing: HayeSep D 1
Column: 20' x 1/8" Ni
Oven: 40C (2 min) to 110C at 24C/min 2
Det.: P.E. 900 T.C., 225ma, 140C 4
Inj.: 100mL, Valco valve, ambient
3
1. Nitrogen (balance) 7
5
2. Carbon monoxide, 1%
3. Methane, 1%
4. Carbon dioxide, 1%
5. Acetylene, 1%
6. Ethylene, 1%
7. Ethane, 1%
0 2 4 6 8 10
Min
795-0210
Figure 102. C1-C2 Hydrocarbons 1
Packing: 100/120 HayeSep D

Oven: 80C
Det.: FID (3700 Varian) 3
1. Methane, 1%
2. Acetylene, 1%
3. Ethylene, 1%
4. Ethane, 1%
4 2 0
795-0211
57
Figure 103. Trace Acetylene in Ethylene
Packing: 45/60 Carboxen-1000
Cat. No.: 12380 (general configuration stock
Oven: 160C 1. Methane
Carrier: helium, 30mL/min 2. Acetylene (14ppm)
3. Ethylene
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.5mL ethylene with
trace impurities
0 4 8 10
Min
request Application Note 10.
795-0212
Figure 104. Trace Acetylene in Ethylene

Packing: 60/80 Carbosieve S-II
Cat. No.: custom
Oven: 125C
Carrier: nitrogen, 30mL/min 1 3
Det.: FID
Inj.: 1mL, 100ppm acetylene
in ethylene
1. Methane
2. Acetylene
3. Ethylene
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Min

795-0213
58
Figure 105. C1-C3 Hydrocarbons
C1-C3 Hydrocarbons
1
Cat. No.: 12370-U (general configuration stock
Oven: 165C (1 min) to 220C at 16C/min 1. Methane
Carrier: helium, 60mL/min 2. Acetylene
Det.: FID 3. Ethylene
Inj.: 0.6mL Scott Gas Mix (Cat. No. 2-3470), 2
4. Ethane
15ppm each component, appr. 10ng 5. Propyne
each component on column 6. Propylene
7. Propane
7
6
0 2 4 6
request Bulletin 743 and Application Note 10.
795-0214

Packing: 60/80 Carbosieve G
1
Det.: FID
Inj.: 1mL, appr. 15ppm each
component in nitrogen
1. Methane
2. Acetylene
2 3. Ethylene
4. Ethane
5. Propyne
6. Propylene
7. Propane
3
6
5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
request Bulletin 743 and Application Note 10.
795-0215
59
Figure 107. Methanol in Propylene/Propane
2 3 4
Packing: 100/120 HayeSep T
Oven: 120C
Det.: P.E. 900 T.C., 225ma, 150C
Inj.: 132C
1. Air, Methane
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Ethane
4. Propylene, Propane
5. Butane
6. Butane
7. Methanol
7
6
1 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
For more information, request Bulletin 743 Min
795-0216
Figure 108. C3-C5 Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Packing: 80/100 Carbopack C/0.19% picric acid
Column: 2m x 1/8" stainless steel
Cat. No.: 13867 (general configuration stock column only) 1. Propane
Oven: 35C to 70C at 6C/min 3 2. Propylene
Carrier: nitrogen, 30mL/min 3. Isobutane
Det.: FID 4. 1-Butene
4 5. n-Butane
6. Isobutylene
7. cis-Butene-2
8. trans-Butene-2
9. 1,3-Butadiene
5 10. Isopentane
11. n-Pentane
7
8
10
1,2 9 11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Min
For more information, request Bulletin 743
713-0757
60
C1-C5 Hydrocarbons
Packing: 10% EDO-1 on 100/120 Chromosorb P AW
Column: 20' x 1/8" stainless steel 3 5
Oven: 0C
Carrier: nitrogen, 40mL/min 1. Propane
Det.: FID 2. Propylene
4 3. Isobutane
Inj.: ASTM Hydrocarbon Mix
4. n-Butane
Section L, Blend 6 5. 1-Butene
6. Isobutylene
7. trans-2-Butene
8. Isopentane
9. cis-2-Butene
10. n-Pentane
6 11. 1,3-Butadiene
7
9
1 8
2 10 11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Min
For more information, request
Bulletin 743 and Application Note 142.
795-0217

Packing: 15% EDO-1 on 60/80 Chromosorb P AW
Cat. No.: custom
1. Methane 11. Isopentane
2. Ethane 12. cis-2-Butene
3. Ethylene 13. n-Pentane
4. Propane 14. 3-Methyl-1-butene
5. Propylene 15. 1,3-Butadiene
6. Isobutane 16. 1-Pentene
7. n-Butane 17. 2-Methyl-1-butene
23 6 8. 1-Butene 18. trans-2-Pentene
1 4 9. Isobutylene 19. cis-2-Pentene
10. trans-2-Butene 20. 2-Methyl-2-butene
15
19
5 16
14 20
17 18
8
7
9 13
11
10
12
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 38
Min
For more information, request Bulletin 743 and Application Note 10 and 142.
795-0218
61
Figure 111. Trace C2-C6 Hydrocarbons
Det.: FID (3700 Varian)
1. Acetylene 16ppm
2. Ethylene 15ppm
3. Propylene 14.3ppm
4. 1-Butene 15ppm
5. 1-Pentene 14.75ppm
6. 1-Hexane 16ppm
4
5 3
6 2
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Min
795-0219

3 2 1
Packing: 100/120 HayeSep D 6
Det.: FID (3700 Varian)
1. Methane 0.1894%
2. Ethane 0.0965%
3. Propane 0.0989%
4. Isobutane 0.1019%
5. Butane 0.1019%
6. n-Pentane 0.2002%
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Min
795-0220
62
C1-C6 Hydrocarbons
Packing: 23% SP-1700 on 80/100 Chromosorb P AW
Cat. No.: 12809-U (general configuration stock column only)
Oven: 70C
Det.: FID, 150C
Inj.: 0.6L ASTM Section L, Blend 6,
1. Ethane plus C5 hydrocarbons, 100C
2. Propane 4 5 6 7 18
3. Propylene
4. Isobutane
13
5. n-Butane 8 12
6. 1-Butene, Isobutylene
7. trans-2-Butene
8. cis-2-Butene
9. Isopentane
10. 1,3-Butadiene
11. Pentane
12. 1-Pentene
13. 2-Methyl-1-butene, trans-2-Pentene 19
14. cis-2-Pentene 15 17
15. 2-Methyl-2-butene
16. 2-Methyl-1-pentane 9
17. 3-Methyl-1-pentane 16
18. n-Hexane 2 14
10 11
U Unknown
19. 3-Methylhexane 1 3 U
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Min
For more information, request Bulletin 743, and Application Note 142.
713-0758
Figure 114. Propane and Propylene

at High Concentrations 3
Oven: 70C
Det.: FID, 150C
Inj.: 0.5mL liquid propane gas, 100C
1. Pressure disturbance
2. Ethane 0.42%
3. Propane 96.75% 5
4. Propylene 1.72%
5. Isobutane 0.93%
6. n-Butane 0.17%
7. 1-Butene, Isobutylene trace 2
8. Isopentane trace
6
1 7 8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Min
795-0221
63
Figure 115. Industrial Butane III
Column: 30' x 1/8" stainless steel 2 3
Cat. No.: 12809-U (general configuration
stock column only)
Oven: 70C
Det.: FID, 110C
Inj.: 0.75mL industrial butane III
1. Pressure disturbance
2. Isobutane 2.02%
3. n-Butane 97.92%
4. Isopentane 0.05%
5. n-Pentane 0.01%
4
1 5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Min
795-0222
Figure 116. Permanent Gases in Air

Packing: 60/80 Molecular Sieve 5A
Oven: 60C 2 3
Det.: thermal conductivity, 150ma 1. H2
2. O2
Inj.: 0.25cc, 1% concentrations of 3. N2
H2, O2, CH4, and CO in N2 4. CH4
5. CO
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Min
713-0739
64
Figure 117. Permanent Gases in Air
Permanent Gas/Hydrocarbons
Packing: 60/80 Chromosorb 102
Oven: 60C
Det.: thermal conductivity, 150ma
Inj.: 0.2cc, 1% concentrations of
CH4, and CO2 from N2 1
1. H2, O2, N2, & CO
2. CH4
3. CO2
4. H2O
2 3
0 1 2 3 4
Min

795-0223
Figure 118. Scott Mix 237

Column: 20' x 1/8" Ni 1
Oven: 25C
Det.: P.E. 900 T.C, 225ma, 140C
Inj.: 50mL vapor, Valco valve,
1. Nitrogen balance
ambient 2. Oxygen 7%
3. Carbon monoxide 7%
3 4. Methane 4.5%
5. Carbon dioxide 15%
2
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
Min
795-0224
65
Figure 119. Nitrogen in Argon
2
Oven: 25C
Det.: P.E. 900 T.C, 300ma, 140C
1. Nitrogen 373ppm
2. Argon balance
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
795-0225
Figure 120. Permanent Gases 2
Packing: 80/100 HayeSep A

Column: 36' x 1/8"
Oven: 25C
Det.: P.E. 900 T.C, 225ma
Inj.: 25mL air plus hydrogen and carbon monoxide 5
1. Hydrogen 5%
2. Nitrogen 48.5%
3. Oxygen 13%
4. Argon 0.5%
5. Carbon monoxide 33%
4
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Min
795-0226
66
Figure 121. Permanent Gases, Methane,
and C2 Hydrocarbons
Packing: 100/120 Carbosieve S-II 1. Hydrogen 2.5%
Column: 10' x 1/8" stainless steel 2. Oxygen 2.5%
Cat. No.: 13821 (general configuration stock column; 3. Nitrogen 91.4%
4. Carbon monoxide 0.6%
other stock columns available) 5. Methane 0.6%
Oven: 35C (7 min) to 225C 6. Carbon dioxide 0.6%
at 32C/min 3
7. Acetylene 0.6%
Carrier: helium, 30mL/min 8. Ethylene 0.6%
Det.: thermal conductivity, 2 9. Ethane 0.6%
150ma
5 6
Inj.: 0.6mL
4
9
7
8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Min

795-0227
Figure 122. Permanent Gases and C1-C2 Hydrocarbons

Det.: TCD
Inj.: 0.6mL Scott Gas Mix (Cat. No. 23437) with oxygen added, 1% each
component in nitrogen, on column
2
1. Oxygen
2. Nitrogen
3. Carbon monoxide
4. Methane
5 5. Carbon dioxide
6. Acetylene
1 7. Ethylene
8. Ethane
4
3
6 7 8

0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Min
795-0228
67
Figure 123. Pesticides
Packing: GP 1.5% SP-2250/1.95% SP-2401 on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 200C
Carrier: argon:methane (95:5), 70mL/min 1. -BHC
Det.: EC NI63 2. -BHC (Lindane)
Inj.: 5L CP Mix 3. -BHC
4. Heptachlor
10 5. Aldrin
6. Heptachlor epoxide
1 3 6 7. 4,4'-DDE
8 8. Dieldrin
5 9. 2,4-DDD (TDE)
11 10. Endrin
13
7 11. 2,4'-DDT
2 12 12. 4,4'-DDD (TDE)
9 13. 4,4'-DDT
4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Min
795-0229
Figure 124. Pesticides

Packing: GP 4% SE-30/6% SP-2401 on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 200C
Carrier: argon:methane (95:5), 70mL/min
Det.: EC NI63
Inj.: 5L CP Mix
10 11
2 3 1. -BHC
2. -BHC (Lindane)
3. -BHC
4. Heptachlor
5. Aldrin
6. Heptachlor epoxide
7. 4,4'-DDE
1 8. 2,4-DDD (TDE)
13
6 9 12 9. Dieldrin
7 10. 2,4'-DDT
5 8 11. Endrin
12. 4,4'-DDD (TDE)
13. 4,4'-DDT
4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Min
795-0230
68
Pesticides/Phenols
Figure 125. Phenols
Packing: 0.1% SP-1000 on 80/100 Carbopack C
Column: 6' x 2mm ID glass (stock column available)
Oven: 225C
Det.: FID 1. Phenol
Inj.: 0.5L approx. 0.1% each in MEK 2. o-Cresol
3. m-Cresol
4. p-Cresol
5. o-Ethylphenol
6. m-Ethylphenol
1 7. p-Ethylphenol
9. 2,4-Dimethylphenol, 2,5-Dimethylphenol
10. 2,3-Dimethylphenol, 3,5-Dimethylphenol
3
9
2 4
5 10
6 7
8
11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 11
Min
795-0231
Figure 126. Mixed Phenols

Oven: 130C
Det.: FID, 175C
Inj.: 0.05L
4
1. Phenol
2. o-Cresol
3. m-Cresol
p-Cresol
2 2,5-Dimethylphenol
10 7. 2,3-Dimethylphenol
5 m-Ethylphenol
p-Ethylphenol
9. 2,4,6-Trimethylphenol
1 10. 2,3,6-Trimethylphenol
3 11. 2,3,5-Trimethylphenol
12. 2,4,5-Trimethylphenol
6 7 9
8 11 12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min
795-0232
69
Figure 127. Phenols
Oven: 220C
Carrier: nitrogen, 15mL/min S 1
Det.: FID 2
Inj.: 0.2L approx. 0.1% each in MEK
S Solvent 9
1. Phenol 5 10
2. o-Cresol
3. m-Cresol 6
4. p-Cresol 7
5. o-Ethylphenol
6. p-Ethylphenol
7. p-Ethylphenol
8. 2,6-Dimethylphenol 8
2,5-Dimethylphenol 11
3,5-Dimethylphenol
0 2 4 6 8 10
794-0139
Figure 128. Butyl Phenols

Oven: 180C
Det.: FID
1. 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol
Inj.: 0.5L with 0.1% of each 2. 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
component in chloroform
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
MIn
795-0233
70
Figure 129. Phenols (Anisoles)
Phenols/Pheromones
Packing: 5% SP-1200/1.75% Bentone 34
Oven: 150C
3,4
1. Anisole
2. o-Methylanisole
3. p-Methylanisole
1 4. 2,6-Dimethylanisole
5. m-Methylanisole
6. 2,4-Dimethylanisole
2 7. 2,3-Dimethylanisole
5
6
7 8
9 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Min
795-0234
Figure 130. Pheromones

Packing: 15% SP-2340/ on 100/120 Chromosorb P AW-DMCS
Cat. No.: custom
Oven: 225C
Carrier: nitrogen, 10mL/min at 50psi
Inj.: E and Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate
Z
20 24 28 32
Min
795-0238
71
Figure 131. SIMDIS Calibration Blend (ASTM D3710)
Column: Petrocol A, 20" x 1/8" stainless steel
Oven: -20C to 200C at 20C/min
Det.: FID, 300C
Inj.: 0.1L of D3710 Qualitative 1. n-Propane
12 2. Methylpropane
Calibration Mix 3. n-Butane
(Cat. No. 48884), 300C 4. 2-Methylbutane
5. n-Pentane
10 6. 2-Methylpentane
7. n-Hexane
8. 2,4-Dimethylpentane
9. n-Heptane
3 4 10. Toluene
9 11. n-Octane
12. p-Xylene
5 13. n-Propylbenzene
14. n-Decane
1 15. n-Butylbenzene
16. n-Dodecane
17. n-Tridecane
6 7 18. n-Tetradecane
8 13
11 19. n-Pentadecane
2
14 15 16
17 18 19
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Min
713-0772
Figure 132. Gasoline by ASTM D3710

Column: Petrocol A, 20" x 1/8"
1
stainless steel
Cat. No.: 12445 (general configuration
stock column only) 4
Oven: -20C to 250C at 15C/min 5
Det.: FID, 300C
Inj.: 0.1L gasoline, 300C
1. C5s
2. C6s
3. C7s
4. Toluene
2 5. Xylenes
0 2 4 6 8 10
713-0771
72
Figure 133. SIMDIS Calibration Blend (ASTM D2887)
Simulated Distillation (SIMDIS)

Column: Petrocol B, 20" x 1/8" stainless steel
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.1L Quantitative Calibration Mix (Cat. No. 48882)
5 6 7
8 1. nC6
2. nC7
3. nC8
4. nC9
9 5. nC10
3 4 6. nC11
7. nC12
8. nC14
1 2 9. nC16
10. nC18
11. nC20
10 12. nC24
13. nC28
14. nC32
15. nC36
11 12 16. nC40
13 17. nC44
14 15 16 17
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Min

712-0427
Figure 134. Reference Gas Oil Sample (ASTM D2887)

Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.1L Reference Gas Oil Sample (Cat. No. 48873).
0 4 8 12 16 20
Min

713-0769
73
Figure 135. PS-18-44D Wax Standard Mix (ASTM D2887)
Det.: FID, 380C
Inj.: 1L PS-18-44D Mix (Cat. No. 48928), 350C
1. n-Octadecane
2. n-Eicosane
3. n-Docosane
4. n-Tetracosane
6 5. n-Hexacosane
6. n-Octacosane
7. n-Triacontane
5 7 8. n-Dotriacontane
9. n-Hexatriacontane
10. n-Tetracontane
4 11. n-Tetratetracontane
8
3
9
2
1 10
11
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Min
794-0408
Figure 136. PS-18-60D Wax Standard Mix (ASTM D2887)

Det.: FID, 380C
Inj.: 0.5L PS-12-60D Mix (Cat. No. 48932), 350C
1. n-Dodecane
2. n-Tetradecane
3. n-Hexadecane
4. n-Octadecane
8 5. n-Eicosane
7 9 6. n-Docosane
7. n-Tetracosane
8. n-Hexacosane
6 9. n-Octacosane
10. n-Triacontane
10 11. n-Dotriacontane
5 12. n-Hexatriacontane
4 13. n-Tetracontane
11 14. n-Tetratetracontane
3
15. n-Pentacontane
16. n-Hexacontane
2
12
13
14
1
15
16
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Min
794-0165
74
Figure 137. Crude Oil Qualitative Calibration Standard
Simulated Distillation (SIMDIS)

Column: Petrocol C, 20" x 1/8" stainless steel
2
stock column only)
Det.: FID, 360C
Inj.: 1L Crude Oil Qualitative
Calibration Standard, 360C 4
1. Porpane (nC3), 1.0%
2. n-Butane (nC4)
3. n-Pentane (nC5), 3.4% 5 7
4. n-Hexane (nC6), 5.2%
5. n-Heptane (nC7)
6. n-Octane (nC8), 6.2%
7. n-Nonane (nC9), 4.7%
8. n-Decane (nC10) 3 89 12
9. n-Undecane
0 (nC11)
10 13 14
10. n-Dodecane (nC12) 11 15
11. n-Tridecane (nC13) 16
12. n-Tetradecane (nC14) 17
13. n-Pentadecane (nC15)
14. n-Hexadecane (nC16) 18
15. n-Heptadecane (nC17) 1 19
16. n-Octadecane (nC18) 20
17. n-Eicosane (nC20)
21
18. n-Tetracosane (nC24)
19. n-Octacosane (nC28) 22
23
20. n-Dotriacontane (nC32)
21. n-Hexatriacontane (nC36)
22. n-Tetracontane (nC40)
23. n-Tetratetracontane (nC44)
4.4% each by weight, except as noted. 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Min
711-0072
Figure 138. Crude Oil North Sea, Oseberg

1 2 3
Column: Petrocol C, 20" x 1/8"
stainless steel 4
stock column only) 1. Tetradecane (nC14)
Oven: -25C to 350C at 15C/min 2. Pentadecane (nC15)
Carrier: helium, 30mL/min 3. Hexadecane (nC16)
Det.: FID, 360C 4. Heptadecane (nC17)
Inj.: 1L oil:CS mix (1:1), 360C
With Internal Standard
Without Internal Standard
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Min
711-0076,0077
75
Figure 139. SIMDIS, Regular Gasoline
Cat. No. 13766 (general configuration stock column;
Carrier: 20mL/min
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.1L
Fraction
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. C6
2. C8
3. C10
4. C12
5. C14
6. C16
For more information, 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

request Bulletin 864. MIn
711-0088
Figure 140. Naphtha

Cat. No.: 12140
Carrier: 20mL/min
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.1L
1. C6
2. C8
3. C10
Fraction 4. C12
1 2 3 4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
MIn

711-0087
76
Figure 141. Kerosene (Jet A)
Carrier: 20mL/min 1. C6
Det.: FID 2. C8
Inj.: 0.1L 3. C10
4. C12
Fraction 5. C14
6. C16
1 2 3 4 5 6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
MIn

711-0089
Figure 142. Microcrystalline Wax

Packing: 1% Dexsil 300 on 100/120 SUPELCOPORT
Det.: 350C
Inj.: 1L chloroform containing 30g wax (325C)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
MIn

713-0750
77
Figure 143. Wax
1. C10
Column: 6' x 1/8" stainless steel 2. C12
Oven: 100C to 360C at 4C/min 3. C14
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 4. C16
5. C18
6. C20
7. C22
Fraction 8. C24
9. C26
10. C28
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 11. C30
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
12. C32
13. C34
14. C36
15. C38
16. C40
17. C44
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60
MIn

795-0242
Figure 144. Solvents Alcohol Retarder Column

Packing: 15% THEED on 100/120 Chromosorb W AW
Oven: 80C
Carrier: nitro
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.5Lgen, 20mL/min
1
1. Heptane
2 2. Octane
3. Ethyl acetate
4. n-Propyl acetate
5. Toluene
5 6. Ethyl benzene
7. Xylene
8. Isopropyl alcohol
9. Ethyl alcohol
10. n-Propyl alcohol
3 4
7
8 9
10
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MIn

795-0243
78
Figure 145. Solvents
Solvents
Packing: 60/80 Carbowax C/0.2% Carbowax 1500
Cat. No.: 13860-U (general configuration stock column,
Oven: 100C
1. Methanol
1 2 2. Ethanol
Det.: FID 3 3. Acetone
Inj.: 1.0L 4. Isopropyl alcohol
5. Ethyl ether
4 6. Ethyl acetate
7. Methyl ethyl ketone
8. Isobutyl alcohol
9. Benzene
6
5 9
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
request Bulletins 816 and 824.
795-0244
Figure 146. Solvents (Methanol through Pentanol)

Packing: GP 80/100 Carbopack C/0.2% Carbowax 1500
Column: 6' x 2mm stainless steel
other stock columns available) 1. Methanol
Oven: 125C 2. Ethanol
3. 2-Propanol
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min, 31psi 4. 1-Propanol
Det.: FID 5. 2-Methyl-2-propanol (1-butyl)
Inj.: 0.02L 3 6. 2-Butanol (sec-butyl)
7. 2-Methyl-1-propanol (iso)
8. 1-Butanol
9. 2-Methyl-2-butanol (t-amyl)
4 10. 2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol
2 12. 3-Pentanol
13. 2-Pentanol
1 8
7 14. 2-Methyl-1-butanol (active)
5 15. 3-Methyl-1-butanol
16. 1-Pentanol
9
11 13
6
10 12
14
15
16
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Min
795-0239
79
Figure 147. Solvents (Ethyl Ether Through Styrene)
Det.: FID 2 3
Inj.: 5L CS2 approx.
100ppm each solvent
1. Ethyl ether
2. Isooctane 8
3. Carbon disulfide
4. Acetone
5. Carbon tetrachloride,
Methylchloroform 20
7. Methylene chloride 12
8. Benzene
9. Trichloroethylene 1
10. Chloroform 67
5 17
11. Tetrachloroethylene 19
12. Toluene 9 11 13
13. Ethylene dichloride
14 16
14. Dioxane
10 18
15. Ethylbenzene 15
16. p-Xylene 4
17. m-Xylene
18. o-Xylene
20. Styrene 0 1 3 5 6 7 8
Min
795-0240
Figure 148. Solvents (Methanol Through Xylenes)

Cat. No.: 12718 (general configuration stock column; 1. Methanol
other stock columns available) 2. Ethanol
Oven: 100C 3. Acetone
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 4. Methyl ethyl ketone
Det.: FID 5. Ethyl acetate
6. Isobutyl alcohol
Inj.: 0.5L, approx. equal proportions 7. Methyl Cellosolve
of neat compounds 8. Isopropyl acetate
9. 2-Nitropropane
10. MIBK
11. Isobutyl acetate
3 12. Toluene
8 13. n-Butyl acetate
14. Diacetone alcohol
15. Ethylbenzene
16. m- & p-Xylene
12
2 6 17. Cellosolve acetate
4 18. Butyl Cellosolve & o-Xylene
5 9 10
1 11
7
13
14 17
16 18
15
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Min
795-0241
80
Figure 149. Solvents Ketone-Retarding Column
Solvents
Oven: 100C
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.1L, approx. equal proportions
of neat components
4
1. Isopropyl alcohol
2. Ethyl acetate
4. Toluene
1 5. n-Propyl acetate
5 6. Isobutyl acetate
3
7. MIBK
8. Mesityl oxide
7
2 6
For more information, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

request Bulletins 816 and 824. Min
795-0245
Figure 150. Industrial Solvents

1. Methanol
Packing: 80/120 Carbopack B/3% SP-1500 2. Methyl formate
Cat. No.: 11813-U (packing) 3. Ethanol
Column: 10' x 1/8" stainless steel 4. Acetone
5. Methylene chloride
Cat. No.: 12592 (general configuration stock column; 6. Isopropyl alcohol
other stock columns available) 7. Ethyl formate
Oven: 70C to 225C at 4C/min 8. Methyl acetate
9. n-Propyl alcohol
1 23,24,25 10. Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
(MEK)
12. Methyl Cellosolve
13. sec-Butyl alcohol
14. Ethyl acetate
30
15. Isobutyl alcohol
16. 2-Nitropropane
29 17. n-Butyl alcohol
18. Ethyl Cellosolve
19. n-Propyl acetate
3
20. sec-Butyl acetate
4 21. Cyclohexanone
6 9 11 21
22. Isobutyl acetate
13 15 16
Impurity
22 27 28 23. n-Butyl acetate

14 19
24. Toluene
2 7,8 10 25. Mesityl oxide
18 26
5 17 26. Cellosolve acetate
27. Butyl Cellosolve
31
12 28. Isoamyl acetate
20 32
29. Ethylbenzene
30. m-Xylene
31. p-Xylene
32. o-Xylene
0 4 8 12 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 For more information,
Min request Bulletin 824.
713-0787
81
Det.: FID
Inj.: 0.3L, approx. equal proportions of neat components
1. Methanol 11. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) 21. sec-Butyl acetate

2. Methyl formate 12. Methyl Cellosolve 22. Isobutyl acetate
1 3. Ethanol 13. sec-Butyl alcohol 23. n-Butyl acetate
4. Methylene chloride 14. Isobutyl alcohol 24. Mesityl oxide
5. Acetone 15. Ethyl acetate 25. Toluene
6. Isopropyl alcohol 16. 2-Nitropropane 26. Cellosolve acetate
7. Ethyl formate 17. n-Butyl alcohol 27. Butyl Cellosolve
8. Methyl acetate 18. Ethyl Cellosolve 28. Isoamyl acetate
3 9. n-Propyl alcohol 19. n-Propyl acetate 29. Ethylbenzene
10. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 20. Cyclohexanone 30. m-Xylene
31. o-Xylene
8,9 13 25 32. p-Xylene
6 20
5 11 14 17
Impurity
16 19 29
10 15 22 24
23 30
2 18 26,27
4 7
28
12 21
31,32
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Min

Oven: 70C to 225C at 4C/min 14. Isobutyl alcohol
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 15. Ethyl acetate
Det.: FID 16. 2-Nitropropane
Inj.: 0.3L, 3% each component by 17. n-Butyl alcohol
volume (approx. 12g each) 18. Ethyl Cellosolve
19. n-Propyl acetate
1. Methanol 20. Cyclohexanone
2. Methyl formate 21. sec-Butyl acetate
3. Ethanol 22. Isobutyl acetate
4. Acetone 23. n-Butyl acetate
5. Methylene chloride 24. Toluene
1 6. Isopropyl alcohol 25. Mesityl oxide
7. Ethyl formate 26. Cellosolve acetate
8. Methyl acetate 24,25 27. Butyl Cellosolve
9. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 28. Isoamyl acetate
10. n-Propyl alcohol 29. Ethylbenzene
11. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) 30. m-Xylene
3 12. Methyl Cellosolve 31. p-Xylene
29 32. o-Xylene
7,8 13. sec-Butyl alcohol
5 30
6 9 11 14 15
Impurity 20
10 22 23
2 13 16 17 19 28
4 27
18 26
21 31,32
12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
Min
713-0789
82
Solvents/Alcohols
Oven: 75C (2 min) to 225C
at 4C/min 1. Methanol 12. Methyl Cellosolve
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 2. Methyl formate 13. sec-Butyl alcohol
Det.: FID 3. Ethanol 14. Ethyl acetate
Inj.: 0.05L solvents mix, 4. Acetone 15. Isobutyl alcohol
3% each solvent 5. Methylene chloride 16. 2-Nitropropane
6. Isopropyl alcohol 17. n-Butyl alcohol
7. Ethyl formate I Impurity
3 8. Methyl acetate 18. Ethyl Cellosolve
9. n-Propyl alcohol 19. n-Propyl acetate
10. Tetrahydrofuran 20. Cyclohexanone
1 6 (THF) 21. sec-Butyl acetate
11. Methyl ethyl 22. Isobutyl acetate
ketone (MEK) 23. n-Butyl acetate
9 24. Toluene
28,29 30 25. Mesityl oxide
4 26. Cellosolve acetate
14,15 27. Butyl Cellosolve
24 28. Isoamyl acetate
11 13 17
25
29. Ethylbenzene
20
10 22 23 30. m-Xylene
16 I 26,27 31. p-Xylene
18 19 I
5 32. o-Xylene
7,8 31,32
2 12
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
Min

795-0248
Figure 154. Alcohols, C1-C5

Packing: 80/100 Carbopack F-SL
Column: 2m x 2mm ID TightSpec glass 4 8
Oven: 130C 3
1. Methanol
2. Ethanol 9
3. i-Propanol
4. n-Propanol 5
5. t-Butanol
6. i-Butanol 2
13
7. 2-Methyl-1-propanol
8. n-Butanol 11
6
9. 2-Methyl-2-butanol 12
1
12. 3-Pentanol 15
13. 2-Pentanol 10 16
16. n-Pentanol
0 1 2 3 4 5
Min
713-1069
83
Figure 155. Sugars
Oven: 225C 1. Glyceraldehyde
Carrier: nitrogen, 20mL/min 2. Erythrose
Det.: FID 3. Deoxyribose
Inj.: 5L 4. Rhamnose
5. Fucose
6. Ribose
3 7. Arabinose
8. Xylose
5 9. Deoxyglucose
1 10. Mannose
4 11. Galactose
12. Glucose
13. Inositol
2
7
6
10
9 11
8 12 13
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Min
795-0249
Figure 156. Sugars

Oven: 225C
Det.: FID 1. Glyceraldehyde
Inj.: 4L 3,4 2. Erythrose
3. Deoxyribose
5 4. Rhamnose
5. Fucose
6. Ribose
1 7. Arabinose
8. Xylose
9. Deoxyglucose
10. Mannose
11. Galactose
12. Glucose
2 13. Inositol
7
10
9 11
8 12 13
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Min
795-0247
84
Figure 157. Sulfur Dioxide in Nitrogen
Sugars/Sulfur & Mercaptans

Packing: 45/60 Carboxen-1000 1
Oven: 190C 1. Nitrogen
Carrier: helium, 30mL/min 2. Sulfur dioxide
Det.: TCD
Inj.: 1L of 1000ppm SO2 in N2,
approx. 1g SO2 on column
0 1 2
Min
795-0250
Figure 158. Sulfur Gases and Hydrocarbons

Packing: HayeSep Q 1
Column: 8' x 1/8"
Oven: 90C 1. Air
Carrier: helium, 30cc/min 2. Methane
3. Carbon dioxide
4. Ethylene
5. Acetylene
6. Ethane
7. Hydrogen sulfide
8. Carbonyl sulfide
9. Propylene
10. Propane
11. Propadiene
8
45 10
9
11
0 2 4 6
Min
795-0251
85
Figure 159. Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbon Dioxide, and Water
1
Column: 10' x 1/8" Ni
Oven: 60C
Det.: P.E. 900 T.C., 225ma, 140C
Inj.: Valco valve, 50 microliters
vapor (ambient), 100C
1. Air (balance) 4
2. Carbon dioxide (approx. 0.1%)
3. Water (approx. 2.5%)
4. Hydrogen sulfide (approx. 2.5%)
3
0 2 4 6 8
795-0252
Figure 160. Hydrogen Sulfide, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide,

Nitrous Oxide and Water 1 3
Packing: 100/120 HayeSep D 2

Oven: 80C
Det.: P.E. 900 T.C., 225ma
Inj.: Valco valve, 100 microliters, 140C
1. Nitrogen (balance)
5
2. Carbon dioxide (2%)
3. Nitrous oxide (3%)
4. Water (0.5%)
5. Hydrogen sulfide (3%)
0 2 4
Min
795-0253
86
Figure 161. Light Sulfur Gases, Alkyl Sulfides,
Sulfur & Mercaptans

and Mercaptans
Packing: 40/60Carbopack B HT 100
Column: 1.4m x 1/8" OD Teflon (FEP)
Oven: 100C 1. SF6, H2S
1 3 2. SO2, COS
Det.: flame photometric 3. CH3SH
Inj.: 0.5mL of synthetic 4. Dimethyl sulfide, Ethyl mercaptan
mix 5. CS2
6. Ethyl methyl sulfide, n-Propyl mercaptan
7. Methyl disulfide
8. Diethyl sulfide
4 9. n-Butyl mercaptan
7 9
8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Min

795-0254
Figure 162. Trace Sulfur Gases

Packing: 40/60 Carbopack B HT 100 3
Column: 1.4m x 1/8" OD Teflon (FEP) 1
stock column only)
Oven: 35C
Det.: flame photometric
Inj.: 0.3mL 1. H2S
2. COS
2 3. SO2
4. CH2SH
0 2
713-0806
87
Figure 163. Kraft Pulp Mill Stack Gases
Packing: Supelpak-S 1
Column: 30" (18" packed) x 1/8" OD
Teflon (FEP)
stock column only) 1. H2S
Oven: 30C (1 min) to 210C at 40C/min 2. COS
3. SO2
Carrier: helium, 30mL/min 4. CH3SH
Det.: flame photometric 5. (CH3)2S
Inj.: 2mL 2 6. (CH3)2S2
0 2 4 6
Min
713-0805
Figure 164. Trace Sulfur Gases with C2 Isomeric

Sulfur Compounds
Packing: GP 60/80 Carbopack B/1.5% XE-60/1.0% H3PO4
Oven: 50C
Carrier: nitrogen, 35mL/min 1 3
Det.: flame photometric 1. H2S
Inj.: 0.25mL 4 2. SF6
3. COS
4. SO2
5. Methyl mercaptan
6. Ethyl mercaptan
2 7. Dimethyl sulfide
8. CS2
7
6
0 2 4 6 8 10
Min

713-0807
88
Figure 165. Alkyl Sulfides and Mercaptans
Sulfur & Mercaptans

Packing: Chromosil 330
Column: 8' (6' packed) x 1/8" OD Teflon (FEP)
Oven: 65C
Inj.: 0.5cc of synthetic mix
1 5
2 1. COS + H2S
2. CH3SH
3. CS2
4 4. SO2
5. Ethyl mercaptan, Dimethyl sulfide
3 6. Propyl mercaptan, Ethyl methyl sulfide
7. Diethyl sulfide
8. Butyl mercaptan
6 9. Methyl disulfide
0 2 4 6 8 10
Min

795-0255
Figure 166. Trace Light Sulfur Gases and C1-C3 Mercaptans

Oven: 40C
Inj.: 0.2mL, approx. 1ppm 1
each component
1. COS
in nitrogen 2. H2S
3. Methyl mercaptan
4. CS2
5. Ethyl mercaptan
4 6. SO2
7. Propyl mercaptan
2 5
7
3 6
0 2 4 0 0
713-0804
89
Figure 167. Light Sulfur Gases at Percent Concentrations
Packing: Chromosil 310 1
stock column only) 1. Air
2. CO2
Oven: 40C 3. COS
Carrier: helium, 50mL/min 4. H2S
Det.: thermal conductivity 5. CS2
Inj.: 0.3mL of synthetic mix 6. SO2
2
0 2 4 6
Min
794-0844
Figure 168. Trace Light Sulfur Gases

Oven: 50C
Inj.: 0.5mL approx. 1ppm each 1. COS
component in nitrogen 2. H2S
3. CS2
4. SO2
0 2 4 6
Min
713-0803
90
Figure 169. Mercaptans, Sulfides, and Disulfides
Sulfur & Mercaptans

Packing: 12% polyphenyl ether/0.5% H3PO4 on 40/60 Chromosorb T
Column: 36' x 0.085" ID Teflon
Oven: 50C
Det.: FPD
Inj.: 0.5cc synthetic mix
1. SF6
2 2. H2S & COS
3. SO2
4. Methyl mercaptan
5. Ethyl mercaptan
6. Dimethyl sulfide & CS2
7. n-Propyl mercaptan
8. Methyl ethyl sulfide
9. iso-Butyl mercaptan
10. n-Butyl mercaptan & Diethyl sulfide
1
4 6
3
5
8
7 10
9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 18 24 26
Min

794-0850
Figure 170. Sulfur Gases

Packing: 12% polyphenyl ether/0.5% H3PO4 on 40/60 Chromosorb T
Column: 36' x 0.085" ID Teflon
Oven: 50C
Det.: flame photometric (sens. settings on figure)
Inj.: 0.2mL nitrogen approx. 1ppm each analyte
2 1. Air
3 2. H2S
3. SO2
4. CH3SH
5. C2H5SH
6. (CH3)2S
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 4 x 10-8 2 x 10-8

713-0808
91
Figure 171. Cholesterol (Steroids)
Oven: 250C
1. 5 -Cholestane
2. Cholesterol
3. 5 -Cholestane-3 -ol
4. 5 -Cholestane-3-one
1 4
2,3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Min
795-0235

Oven: 250C
1. 5 -Cholestane
2. Cholesterol
4
2 3
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Min
795-0236
92
Steroids
Oven: 250C
1. 5 -Cholestane
2. Cholesterol
4
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Min
795-0237

Oven: 250C
1. 5 -Cholestane
2. Cholesterol
4
3
2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Min
795-0283
93
Figure 175. Plant Sterols
Oven: 260C
1. Brassicosterol
2. Compesterol
3. Stigmasterol
4. -Sitosterol
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Min
795-0257
Figure 176. Ketosteroids

Packing: 3% OV-225 on 80/100 SUPELCOPORT
Oven: 250C
1. n-Octacosane
2. Androsterone TMS
3. Etiocholanolone TMS
4. Dehydroepiandrosterone TMS
5. 11-Ketoetiocholanolone TMS
6. n-Hexatriacontane
7. 11 -OH-Etiocholanolone TMS
3 4
5
6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min
795-0258
94
Figure 177. Triglycerides
Sterols/Triglycerides
Column: 18" x 1/8" stainless steel
Det.: FID, 350C
Inj.: 1L chloroform containing 1g each triglyceride, 325C
1. Trilaurin
1 2. Trimyristin
3. Tripalmitin
4. Tristearin
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Min
713-0944
Figure 178 Pentaerithritol Esters

Column: 18" x 1/8" stainless steel
Det.: 350C
C34 to C48 Alcohols
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Min
795-0259
95
Figure 179. Cholesteryl Esters
Column: 18" x 2mm ID glass
Det.: 350C 1
1. Laurate
2. Myristate
3. Palmitate
4. Stearate
4
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Min 713-0943
For expert answers to your questions,
contact our Technical Service Department
Phone 800-359-3041 or 814-359-3041
FAX 800-359-3044 or 814-359-5468
For more information, or current prices, contact your nearest Supelco subsidiary listed below. To
obtain further contact information, visit our website (www.sigma-aldrich.com), see the Supelco
catalog, or contact Supelco, Bellefonte, PA 16823-0048 USA.
ARGENTINA Sigma-Aldrich de Argentina, S.A. Buenos Aires 1119
AUSTRALIA Sigma-Aldrich Pty. Ltd. Castle Hill NSW 2154
AUSTRIA Sigma-Aldrich Handels GmbH A-1110 Wien
BELGIUM Sigma-Aldrich N.V./S.A. B-2880 Bornem
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FRANCE Sigma-Aldrich Chimie 38297 Saint-Quentin-Fallavier Cedex
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UNITED STATES Supelco Supelco Park Bellefonte, PA 16823-0048 Phone 800-247-6628 or
814-359-3441 Fax 800-447-3044 or 814-359-3044 email:supelco@sial.com H
Supelco is a member of the Sigma-Aldrich family. Supelco products are sold through Sigma-Aldrich,
Inc. Sigma-Aldrich warrants that its products conform to the information contained in this and other
Sigma-Aldrich publications. Purchaser must determine the suitability of the product for a particular use.
Additional terms and conditions may apply. Please see the reverse side of the invoice or packing slip. AYT
96
To Order:
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Packed Column GC

What Makes a Good Column?

The Rohrschneider and McReynolds Constants

Upper Temperature Limit

The Lower Temperature Limit

For a complete listing of our current line of columns, packings,

Trademarks ORBO Sigma-Aldrich Co.

For more information, request Bulletins 790 and 816.

Figure 2. Volatile Fatty Acids (C1-C7)

For more information, request Bulletin 856.

For more information, request Bulletin 856.

Figure 4. Volatile Fatty Acids in Sewage Effluents

Useful for analyses of sewage treatment

For more information, 1 3 5 6 10 17 18

Figure 6. Free Fatty Acids (C14:0 to C18:3)

1. Myristic acid (C14:0)

For more information, request Bulletin 856. 713-0962

Figure 8. Lactic Acid in Corn Silage (C2-C5)

Figure 10. Acrylic/Propionic Separation in C2-C5 Acids

Figure 12. N-TFA-O-Methyl Esters of D- & L-Valine

1. Dimethyl malonate (C3) 6

Figure 14. Bacterial Acid Standard

Acids, Methyl Esters/Alcohols

1. Methyl lithocholate (0.94g/L)

Figure 16. Alcoholic Beverage/Fermentation Products

1. Air (Att. x1)

For more information, request Bulletin 790.

Figure 18. Cherry Brandy

For more information, request Bulletin 790.

Figure 20. Scotch Whiskey

For more information, request Bulletin 790.

Figure 22. Blood Alcohols

Figure 24. Isomeric Alcohols (C1-C5)

Figure 26. Alcohols (C10-C18)

For more information, request Bulletin 790.

Figure 28. Aliphatic Amines in Water (100ppm)

For more information, request Bulletin 737.

For more information, request Bulletin 737. 0 1 2 3 4 5

Figure 30. Heterocyclic Amines in Water (1000ppm)

11ng Each Amine

Figure 32. TMS Amino Acids

Figure 36. Aromatics and Aliphatics

1. C1-C12 aliphatic hydrocarbons

For more information, request Bulletin 743.

Figure 38. Aromatic Impurities in Ethylbenzene

Figure 40. Aromatics

Figure 42. Butylbenzenes

For more information, request Bulletin 743. 711-0100

Figure 44. Vinyl Chloride

1. Vinyl chloride (1ppm)

For more information, request Bulletin 846.

Figure 46. Methylene Chloride and

1. Methanol (carrier solvent)

Figure 48. Volatile Compounds by

For more information, request Bulletins 846 and 861.

For more information, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Figure 50. Creosote

Figure 52. Creosote with Liquid Crystal Phase

For more information, request Bulletin 743.

Figure 54. Nicotine

Figure 56. Anticonvulsant Drugs, Underivatized

Figure 58. Psychotropic Drugs, Antidepressants,

Figure 60. Alkaloids