IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES, VOLUME 4, ISSUE 1, JAN-JUNE /2017

ISSN (ONLINE): 2394-8442

BIODIESEL: PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS

Professor Manasi Ghamande [1], Satviki Pathak [2], Sumit Bhosale [3],
Apurv Choudhari [4], Nikhil Harkanth [5], Piyush Jadhav [6]
[1]
Guide, [2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Author, VIT College
[2] [3]
manasi.ghamande@vit.edu, satviki.pathak16@vit.edu, sumit.bhosle16@vit.edu, [4] apurv.choudhari16@vit.edu, [5]
nikhil.harkanth16@vit.edu, [6] piyush.jadhav16@vit.edu

ABSTRACT.

This project is aimed at preparing biodiesel samples from three oils, namely: rice bran, sunflower and
olive oil, (by the transesterification process) and performing tests on them to determine their viscosity, density and
saponification value. One of the objectives is to explore different applications of biodiesel and the benefits of using
biodiesel. An attempt has been made to investigate the different ways in which biodiesel manufacturing can be
made efficient, feasible and popular.

KEYELEMENTS: Biodiesel, transesterification, applications, benefits, viscosity, density, saponification value.

I. INTRODUCTION
At present, the world's energy needs are met through non-renewable sources that are petrochemicals, natural gas and coal. As long as the demand
and the cost of petroleum based fuel is growing rapidly and the present consumption pattern continues, these resources will be depleted in the
near future. Time is needed to explore alternative sources of fuel energy and alternative fuel must be technically feasible, economically
competitive, environmentally acceptable and easily available Today, with the constant, ever-increasing threat of global warming and pollution it
has become necessary for man to find alternative, sustainable methods of fulfilling his needs while minimizing the damage caused to the
environment. Biodiesel is definitely a step along this path. With lower exhaust emissions biodiesel is helping to reduce pollution and improve
health. Lower carbon dioxide emissions help reduce the impacts of global warming. Less toxic than table salt, biodiesel has minimal
environmental impact. With a high flash point, biodiesel is safer to handle and store than petroleum diesel. When made from used oils and fats,
biodiesel helps ensure proper recycling of former waste products. Power and fuel economy using biodiesel is practically identical to petroleum
diesel fuel, and year round operation can be achieved by blending with diesel fuel.

II. THEORY
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional or 'fossil' diesel. It can be produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, tallow and
waste cooking oil. The process used to convert these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. Biodiesel is chemically a diesel fuel consisting
of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters. It is made by chemicallyreacting lipids (e.g., vegetable oil, soybean oil, animal fat (tallow))
withan alcohol producing fatty acid esters.

Transesterification:

The alcohol reacts with the fatty acids to form the mono-alkyl ester (biodiesel) and crude glycerol.

To Cite This Article: Professor Manasi Ghamande, Satviki Pathak, Sumit Bhosale,Apurv Choudhari, Nikhil
Harkanth and Piyush Jadhav,. BIODIESEL: PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS. Journal for Advanced
Research in Applied Sciences ;Pages: 478-479
479. Professor Manasi Ghamande, Satviki Pathak, Sumit Bhosale,Apurv Choudhari, Nikhil Harkanth and Piyush Jadhav ,.
BIODIESEL: PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 478-479

The reaction between the biolipid (fat or oil) and the alcohol is a reversible reaction so excess alcohol must be added to ensure complete
conversion.

III. PROCEDURE
In a 250ml flask 100ml oilis introduced and heated to a temperature between 50 - 60 degrees Celsius.
Meanwhile, the designed amount of KOH catalyst (0.25 KOH/g for sunflower oil) is dissolved into 23g of methanol and poured in flask.
The mixture is maintained under stirring at the reaction temperature for 45 minutes.
Then the reaction is stopped and the flask content is placed into a separation funnel
The inferior dark layer (containing glycerine and impurities) is removed by separation.

IV. FIGURES AND TABLES

Name of Volume of Density Kinematic Saponification
oil sample biodiesel measured viscosity(P) value
prepared(cc) in (mgKOH/g
lab(g/cc)

Olive oil 100 0.881 4.1 190

Sunflower 96 0.1211 4.59 193
oil
Rice Bran 105 0.809 3.4 187

V. APPLICATIONS
Biodiesel can be used pure , or in blends with petroleum diesel fuel in any proportion

Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines. It can be used alone, or blended with petro diesel in any proportions.

1. 100% biodiesel is referred to as B100

2. 20% biodiesel, 80% petrodiesel is labeled B20
3. 5% biodiesel, 95% petrodiesel is labeled B5
4. 2% biodiesel, 98% petrodiesel is labeled B2

Biodiesel fuel has chemical characteristics similar to petroleum based fuel, so it can be used as direct substitute for diesel.
Many of Volkswagen cars are compatible with B5 and B100 made from rape seed oil and compatible with the EN 14214 standard. The use
of the specified biodiesel type in its cars will not void any warranty.
Biodiesel can also be used as a heating fuel in domestic and commercial boilers
Biodiesel also works as Metal Working Lubricant
In cleaning oil spills:With 8090% of oil spill costs invested in shoreline cleanup, there is a search for more efficient and cost-effective
methods to extract oil spills from the shorelines. Biodiesel has displayed its capacity to significantly dissolve crude oil, depending on the
source of the fatty acids.Biodiesel is an effective solvent to oil due to its methyl ester component, which considerably lowers the viscosity
of the crude oil. Additionally, it has a higher buoyancy than crude oil, which later aids in its removal. Once the oil is liberated from the
shoreline, the oil-biodiesel mixture is manually removed from the water surface with skimmers. Any remaining mixture is easily broken
down due to the high biodegradability of biodiesel, and the increased surface area exposure of the mixture.

VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We acknowledge all those who helped and encouraged us during the course of this project,the names that come to our mind are those of our
immediate mentor and guide for the project, Prof. Manasi Ghamande, her immense support and encouragement helped us understand what was
expected of us and how to proceed. We thank the director of Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Dr. Jalnekar for his support and guidance.
We express our gratitude towards our HOD, Dr. Mahajan for helping us throughout the process. We also thank our class teacher, Prof. Saee
Peshwe, the laboratory assistant and the library staff for helping us with our research process.

REFERENCES
[1]https://www.thoughtco.com/make-biodiesel-from-vegetable-oil-605975
[2] E.I. Bello, M. Agge- Biodiesel production from ground nut oil, Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences [JETEAS]
[3] A. Ivanoiu, A.Schmidt, F.peter,L.M.Rusnac and M.Ungurean- Comparative study on biodiesel synthesis from different vegetable oils,
Chemical Bulletin of "Politechnica", University of Timisoara,Romania.
[4]Jefery G.H. - Vogals Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis.