List of Run Commands in Windows 7

Program Name Run Command

About Windows winver
Add a Device devicepairingwizard
Add Hardware Wizard hdwwiz
Advanced User Accounts netplwiz
Authorization Manager azman
Backup and Restore sdclt
Bluetooth File Transfer fsquirt
Calculator calc
Certificates certmgr
Change Computer Performance Settings systempropertiesperformance
Change Data Execution Prevention Settings systempropertiesdataexecutionprevention
Change Printer Settings printui
Character Map charmap
Clear Type Tuner cttune
Color Management colorcpl
Command Prompt cmd
Component Services comexp
Component Services dcomcnfg
Computer Management compmgmt
Computer Management compmgmtlauncher
Connect to a Network Projector netproj
Connect to a Projector displayswitch
Control Panel control
Create A Shared Folder Wizard shrpubw
Create a System Repair Disc recdisc
Credential Backup and Restore Wizard credwiz
Data Execution Prevention systempropertiesdataexecutionprevention
Default Location locationnotifications
Device Manager devmgmt
Device Pairing Wizard devicepairingwizard
Diagnostics Troubleshooting Wizard msdt
Digitizer Calibration Tool tabcal
DirectX Diagnostic Tool dxdiag
Disk Cleanup cleanmgr
Disk Defragmenter dfrgui
Disk Management diskmgmt
Display dpiscaling
Display Color Calibration dccw
Display Switch displayswitch
DPAPI Key Migration Wizard dpapimig
Driver Verifier Manager verifier
Ease of Access Center utilman
EFS REKEY Wizard rekeywiz
Encrypting File System Wizard rekeywiz
Event Viewer eventvwr
Fax Cover Page Editor fxscover
File Signature Verification sigverif
Font Viewer fontview3
Getting Started gettingstarted
IExpress Wizard iexpress
Import to Windows Contacts wabmig1
Install or Uninstall Display Languages lusrmgr
Internet Explorer iexplore1
iSCSI Initiator Configuration Tool iscsicpl
iSCSI Initiator Properties iscsicpl
Language Pack Installer lpksetup
Local Group Policy Editor gpedit
Local Security Policy secpol
Local Users and Groups lusrmgr
Location Activity locationnotifications
Magnifier magnify
Malicious Software Removal Tool mrt
Manage Your File Encryption Certificates rekeywiz
Math Input Panel mip1
Microsoft Management Console mmc
Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool msdt
NAP Client Configuration napclcfg
Narrator narrator
New Scan Wizard wiaacmgr
Notepad notepad
ODBC Data Source Administrator odbcad32
ODBC Driver Configuration odbcconf
On-Screen Keyboard osk
Paint mspaint
Performance Monitor perfmon
Performance Options systempropertiesperformance
Phone Dialer dialer
Presentation Settings presentationsettings
Print Management printmanagement
Printer Migration printbrmui
Printer User Interface printui
Private Character Editor eudcedit
Problem Steps Recorder psr
Protected Content Migration dpapimig
Registry Editor regedit
regedt324
Remote Access Phonebook rasphone
Remote Desktop Connection mstsc
Resource Monitor resmon
perfmon /res
Resultant Set of Policy rsop
Securing the Windows Account Database syskey
Services services
Set Program Access and Computer Defaults computerdefaults
Share Creation Wizard shrpubw
Shared Folders fsmgmt
Snipping Tool snippingtool
Sound Recorder soundrecorder
SQL Server Client Network Utility cliconfg
Sticky Notes stikynot
Stored User Names and Passwords credwiz
Sync Center mobsync
System Configuration msconfig
System Configuration Editor sysedit5
System Information msinfo32
System Properties (Advanced Tab) systempropertiesadvanced
System Properties (Computer Name Tab) systempropertiescomputername
System Properties (Hardware Tab) systempropertieshardware
System Properties (Remote Tab) systempropertiesremote
System Properties (System Protection Tab) systempropertiesprotection
System Restore rstrui
Tablet PC Input Panel tabtip1
Task Manager taskmgr
Task Scheduler taskschd
Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Management tpm
User Account Control Settings useraccountcontrolsettings
Utility Manager utilman
Version Reporter Applet winver
Volume Mixer sndvol
Windows Activation Client slui
Windows Anytime Upgrade Results windowsanytimeupgraderesults
Windows Contacts wab1
Windows Disc Image Burning Tool isoburn
Windows DVD Maker dvdmaker1
Windows Easy Transfer migwiz1
Windows Explorer explorer
Windows Fax and Scan wfs
Windows Features optionalfeatures
Windows Firewall with Advanced Security wf
Windows Help and Support winhlp32
Windows Journal journal1
Windows Media Player dvdplay2
wmplayer1
Windows Memory Diagnostic Scheduler mdsched
Windows Mobility Center mblctr
Windows Picture Acquisition Wizard wiaacmgr
Windows PowerShell powershell1
Windows PowerShell ISE powershell_ise1
Windows Remote Assistance msra
Windows Repair Disc recdisc
Windows Script Host wscript
Windows Update wuapp
Windows Update Standalone Installer wusa
WMI Management wmimgmt
WMI Tester wbemtest
WordPad write
XPS Viewer xpsrchvw

An A-Z Index of the Windows CMD command line

ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file
ADmodcmd Active Directory Bulk Modify
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASSOC Change file extension associations
ASSOCIAT One step file association
AT Schedule a command to run at a specific time
ATTRIB Change file attributes
b
BCDBOOT Create or repair a system partition
BCDEDIT Manage Boot Configuration Data
BITSADMIN Background Intelligent Transfer Service
BOOTCFG Edit Windows boot settings
BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info
c
CACLS Change file permissions
CALL Call one batch program from another
CERTREQ Request certificate from a certification authority
CERTUTIL Utility for certification authority (CA) files and
services
CD Change Directory - move to a specific Folder
CHANGE Change Terminal Server Session properties
CHKDSK Check Disk - check and repair disk problems
CHKNTFS Check the NTFS file system
CHOICE Accept keyboard input to a batch file
CIPHER Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders
CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
CLEARMEM Clear memory leaks
CLIP Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard
CLS Clear the screen
CLUSTER Windows Clustering
CMD Start a new CMD shell
CMDKEY Manage stored usernames/passwords
COLOR Change colors of the CMD window
COMP Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
COMPACT Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
 COMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partition
CON2PRT Connect or disconnect a Printer
CONVERT Convert a FAT drive to NTFS
COPY Copy one or more files to another location
CSCcmd Client-side caching (Offline Files)
CSVDE Import or Export Active Directory data
d
DATE Display or set the date
DEFRAG Defragment hard drive
DEL Delete one or more files
DELPROF Delete user profiles
DELTREE Delete a folder and all subfolders
DevCon Device Manager Command Line Utility
DIR Display a list of files and folders
DIRUSE Display disk usage
DISKPART Disk Administration
DISKSHADOW Volume Shadow Copy Service
DNSSTAT DNS Statistics
DOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands, and create
macros
DriverQuery Display installed device drivers
DSACLs Active Directory ACLs
DSAdd Add items to active directory (user group computer)
DSGet View items in active directory (user group computer)
DSQuery Search for items in active directory (user group
computer)
DSMod Modify items in active directory (user group
computer)
DSMove Move an Active directory Object
DSRM Remove items from Active Directory
e
ECHO Display message on screen
ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch
file
ERASE Delete one or more files
EVENTCREATE Add a message to the Windows event log
EXIT Quit the current script/routine and set an
errorlevel
EXPAND Uncompress files
EXTRACT Uncompress CAB files
f
FC Compare two files
FIND Search for a text string in a file
FINDSTR Search for strings in files
FOR /F Loop command: against a set of files
FOR /F Loop command: against the results of another
command
 FOR Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List
FORFILES Batch process multiple files
FORMAT Format a disk
FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)
FSUTIL File and Volume utilities
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FTYPE File extension file type associations
g
GETMAC Display the Media Access Control (MAC) address
GLOBAL Display membership of global groups
GOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line
GPRESULT Display Resultant Set of Policy information
GPUPDATE Update Group Policy settings
h
HELP Online Help
i
iCACLS Change file and folder permissions
IF Conditionally perform a command
IFMEMBER Is the current user a member of a Workgroup
IPCONFIG Configure IP
k
KILL Remove a program from memory
l
LABEL Edit a disk label
LOCAL Display membership of local groups
LOGEVENT Write text to the event viewer
LOGMAN Manage Performance Monitor
LOGOFF Log a user off
LOGTIME Log the date and time in a file
m
MAPISEND Send email from the command line
MBSAcli Baseline Security Analyzer
MEM Display memory usage
MD Create new folders
MKLINK Create a symbolic link (linkd)
MODE Configure a system device
MORE Display output, one screen at a time
MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point
MOVE Move files from one folder to another
MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another
MSG Send a message
MSIEXEC Microsoft Windows Installer
MSINFO32 System Information
MSTSC Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)
MV Copy in-use files
n
NET Manage network resources
 NETDOM Domain Manager
NETSH Configure Network Interfaces, Windows Firewall &
Remote access
NETSVC Command-line Service Controller
NBTSTAT Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
NETSTAT Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
NOW Display the current Date and Time
NSLOOKUP Name server lookup
NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape
NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights
o
OPENFILES Query or display open files
p
PATH Display or set a search path for executable files
PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss
PAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a
message
PERMS Show permissions for a user
PERFMON Performance Monitor
PING Test a network connection
POPD Return to a previous directory saved by PUSHD
PORTQRY Display the status of ports and services
POWERCFG Configure power settings
PRINT Print a text file
PRINTBRM Print queue Backup/Recovery
PRNCNFG Display, configure or rename a printer
PRNMNGR Add, delete, list printers set the default printer
PROMPT Change the command prompt
PsExec Execute process remotely
PsFile Show files opened remotely
PsGetSid Display the SID of a computer or a user
PsInfo List information about a system
PsKill Kill processes by name or process ID
PsList List detailed information about processes
PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)
PsLogList Event log records
PsPasswd Change account password
PsPing Measure network performance
PsService View and control services
PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computer
PsSuspend Suspend processes
PUSHD Save and then change the current directory
q
QGREP Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
Query Process Display processes (TS/Remote Desktop)
Query Session Display all sessions (TS/Remote Desktop)
Query TermServer List all servers (TS/Remote Desktop)
 Query User Display user sessions (TS/Remote Desktop)
r
RASDIAL Manage RAS connections
RASPHONE Manage RAS connections
RECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk
REG Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and values
REGEDIT Import or export registry settings
REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL
REGINI Change Registry Permissions
REM Record comments (remarks) in a batch file
REN Rename a file or files
REPLACE Replace or update one file with another
Reset Session Delete a Remote Desktop Session
RD Delete folder(s)
RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer
ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy
ROUTE Manipulate network routing tables
RUN Start | RUN commands
RUNAS Execute a program under a different user account
RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)

s
SC Service Control
SCHTASKS Schedule a command to run at a specific time
SCLIST Display Services
SET Display, set, or remove session environment
variables
SETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variables
SETX Set environment variables
SFC System File Checker
SHARE List or edit a file share or print share
ShellRunAs Run a command under a different user account
SHIFT Shift the position of batch file parameters
SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
SHOWGRPS List the Workgroups a user has joined
SHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a Workgroup
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer
SLEEP Wait for x seconds
SLMGR Software Licensing Management (Vista/2008)
SOON Schedule a command to run in the near future
SORT Sort input
START Start a program, command or batch file
SU Switch User
SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and
Domain
SUBST Associate a path with a drive letter
SYSTEMINFO List system configuration
t
TAKEOWN Take ownership of a file
TASKLIST List running applications and services
TASKKILL Remove a running process from memory
TIME Display or set the system time
TIMEOUT Delay processing of a batch file
TITLE Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session
TLIST Task list with full path
TOUCH Change file timestamps
TRACERT Trace route to a remote host
TREE Graphical display of folder structure
TSDISCON Disconnect a Remote Desktop Session
TSSHUTDN Remotely shut down or reboot a terminal server
TYPE Display the contents of a text file
TypePerf Write performance data to a log file
u
USRSTAT List domain usernames and last login
v
VER Display version information
VERIFY Verify that files have been saved
VOL Display a disk label
w
WAITFOR Wait for or send a signal
WHERE Locate and display files in a directory tree
WHOAMI Output the current UserName and domain
WINDIFF Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
WINMSDP Windows system report
WINRM Windows Remote Management
WINRS Windows Remote Shell
WMIC WMI Commands
WUAUCLT Windows Update
x
XCACLS Change file and folder permissions
XCOPY Copy files and folders
:: Comment / Remark

How many users are logged on/connected to a server (and who are they)?
Who is logged on to a computer?
What is this collegue's login name?
What is the full name for this login name?
What groups is this user a member of?
What permissions does a user have on this directory?
When did someone last change his password?
How do I reset someone's password?
Is someone's account locked?
How to unlock a locked account
Make sure a local user's password never expires
 Make sure a local user's password will expire
List all domains and workgroups in the network
List all computers in the network
List all domain controllers
Find the primary domain controller
List all member servers
List all workstations
Delete a computer account
"I need an up-to-date list of disk space usage for all servers, on my desk in
5 minutes"
List all drivers on any PC
List all printers on any PC
List all local administrators
Locate rogue DHCP servers
Disable Windows Firewall for domain only
Completely disable Windows Firewall (not recommended)
Is IP v4 supported on this computer?
Is IP v6 supported on this computer?
Which updates were installed on this compter?

How many users are logged on/connected to a server?

Sometimes we may need to know how many users are logged on to a (file) server, like
maybe when there is a performance degradation.
At the server's console itself, with native commands only:
NET SESSION | FIND /C "\\"

Remotely, with the help of SysInternals' PSTools:

PSEXEC \\servername NET SESSION | FIND /C "\\"
By replacing FIND /C "\\" by FIND "\\" (removing the /C switch) you'll get a list of
logged on users instead of just the number of users.

Back to the index

Who is logged on to a computer?

We often need to know who is currently logged on to a remote computer.

With native Windows (up to and including XP) commands only:
NBTSTAT -a remotecomputer | FIND "<03>" | FIND /I /V
"remotecomputer"
The first name in the list usually is the logged on user (try playing with the NET NAME
command to learn more about the names displayed by NBTSTAT).
This is the fastest way to find the logged on user name, and the results that you do get are
correct, but NBTSTAT won't always return a user name, even when a user is logged on.

Using WMIC (Windows XP Professional and later):

WMIC /Node:remotecomputer ComputerSystem Get UserName

This is arguably the most reliable (native) command to find out who is logged on.

With the help of SysInternals' PSTools:

PSLOGGEDON -L \\remotecomputer

or:
PSEXEC \\remotecomputer NET CONFIG WORKSTATION | FIND /I "
name "

or:
PSEXEC \\remotecomputer NET NAME

or for Windows XP only:

PSEXEC \\remotecomputer NETSH DIAG SHOW COMPUTER /V | FIND
/i "username"
Using REG.EXE (Windows 2000 and later):
FOR /F %%A IN ('REG Query \\remotecomputer\HKU | FINDSTR
/R /B /C:"HKEY_USERS\\S-1-5-[0-9][0-9]-[0-9-]*$"') DO (
FOR /F "tokens=3 delims=\" %%B IN ('REG Query
"\\remotecomputer\%%A\Volatile Environment"') DO (
SET LoggedinUser=%%B
)
)

or for Windows 7:
FOR /F %%A IN ('REG Query \\remotecomputer\HKU /K /F "S-1-
5-21-" | FINDSTR /R /B /C:"HKEY_USERS\\S-1-5-[0-9][0-9]-[0-9-
]*$"') DO (') DO (
FOR /F "tokens=2*" %%B IN ('REG Query
"\\remotecomputer\%%~A\Volatile Environment" /V "UserName" |
FIND /V ":"') DO (
SET LoggedinUser=%%C
)
)
NETSH and WMIC are for XP or later, and are the most reliable of all commands shown
here.
WMIC requires WMI enabled remote computers and Windows XP on the administrator's
computer; NETSH requires Windows XP on the local and remote computers.

PSLOGGEDON is a more accurate solution than NBTSTAT, but it will return the last logged
on user if no one is currently logged on.

The NET and NBTSTAT commands show more or less identical results, but the NBTSTAT
command is much faster.

The REG command is accurate, but may need to be modified depending on the version
used.
More information on REG versions can be found on my REG Query page.

For Windows NT 4 and 2000: use NBTSTAT (fast, but it won't always return the user
name!), and only switch to REG if NBTSTAT doesn't return a user name (modify the REG
command for Windows NT 4).
For Windows XP and later: if you want to search lots of computers for logged on users, I
recommend you try NBTSTAT first (fast, but it won't always return the user name!), and
only switch to NETSH, REG or WMIC (accurate) if NBTSTAT doesn't return a user name.

Credits: Ji Janyka (WMIC command) and Matthew W. Helton (NETSH command).

Back to the index

What is this collegue's login name?

My collegues often forget to mention their logon account name when calling the helpdesk,
and the helpdesk doesn't always ask either. I suppose they expect me to know all 1500+
accounts by heart.
With (native) Windows Server 2003 commands only:
DSQUERY USER -name *lastname* | DSGET USER -samid -display
Note: Windows Server 2003's "DSTools" will work fine in Windows 2000 and XP too, when
copied.
Keep in mind, however, that some Windows Server 2003 Active Directory
functionality is not available in Windows 2000 Active Directories.
 Back to the index

What is the full name for this login name?

With the native NET command:

NET USER loginname /DOMAIN | FIND /I " name "

With (native) Windows Server 2003 commands:

DSQUERY USER -samid *loginname* | DSGET USER -samid -
display
Note: The NET command may seem more universal, because it requires neither Active
Directory nor Windows Server 2003 commands, but it is language dependent!
For non-English Windows you may need to modify FIND's search string.

Back to the index

What groups is this user a member of?

In Windows NT 4 and later, users usually are members of global groups. These global
groups in turn are members of (domain) local groups. Access permissions are given to
(domain) local groups.
To check if a user has access to a resource, we need to check group membership
recursively.
With (native) Windows Server 2003 commands:
DSQUERY USER -samid loginname | DSGET USER -memberof -
expand

Back to the index

What permissions does a user have on this directory?

One could use the previous command to check what permissions a user has on a certain
directory.
However, sometimes SHOWACLS from the Windows Server 2003 Resource Kit Tools is a
better alternative:
CD /D d:\directory2check
SHOWACLS /U:domain\userid

Back to the index

When did someone last change his password?

With the native NET command:

NET USER loginname /DOMAIN | FIND /I "Password last set"

Back to the index

How do I reset someone's password?

With the native NET command:

NET USER loginname newpassword /DOMAIN

With (native) Windows Server 2003 commands:

DSQUERY USER -samid loginname | DSMOD USER -pwd
newpassword
Note: To prevent the new password from being displayed on screen replace it with an
asterisk (*); you will then be prompted (twice) to type the new password "blindly".

Back to the index

Is someone's account locked?

With the native NET command:

 NET USER loginname /DOMAIN | FIND /I "Account active"

The account is either locked ("Locked") or active ("Yes").

Back to the index

How to unlock a locked account

With the native NET command:

NET USER loginname /DOMAIN /ACTIVE:YES

or, if the password needs to be reset as well:

NET USER loginname newpassword /DOMAIN /ACTIVE:YES

Back to the index

Make sure a local user's password never expires

With WMIC (Windows XP Professional or later):

WMIC.EXE /Node:remotecomputer Path Win32_UserAccount Where
Name="user" Set PasswordExpires="FALSE"

Back to the index

Make sure a local user's password will expire

With WMIC (Windows XP Professional or later):

WMIC.EXE /Node:remotecomputer Path Win32_UserAccount Where
Name="user" Set PasswordExpires="TRUE"

Back to the index

List all domains and workgroups in the network

With the native NET command:

NET VIEW /DOMAIN

Back to the index

List all computers in the network

With the native NET command:

NET VIEW

or, to list the names only:

FOR /F "skip=3 delims=\ " %%A IN ('NET VIEW') DO
ECHO.%%A
delims is a backslash, followed by a tab and a space.

Back to the index

List all domain controllers

With native Windows 2000 commands:

NETDOM QUERY /D:MyDomain DC
NETDOM is part of the support tools found in the \SUPPORT directory of the Windows 2000
installation CDROM.

With (native) Windows Server 2003 commands (Active Directory only):

DSQUERY Server

or, if you prefer host names only (tip by Jim Christian Flatin):
DSQUERY Server -o rdn

Back to the index

Find the primary domain controller

With native Windows 2000 commands:

NETDOM QUERY /D:MyDomain PDC

or, to find the FSMO with (native) Windows Server 2003 commands (Active Directory only):
NETDOM QUERY /D:mydomain.com FSMO
NETDOM is part of the support tools found in the \SUPPORT directory of the Windows 2000
installation CDROM.

Back to the index

List all member servers

With native Windows 2000 commands:

NETDOM QUERY /D:MyDomain SERVER
NETDOM is part of the support tools found in the \SUPPORT directory of the Windows 2000
installation CDROM.

Back to the index

List all workstations

With native Windows 2000 commands:

NETDOM QUERY /D:MyDomain WORKSTATION
NETDOM is part of the support tools found in the \SUPPORT directory of the Windows 2000
installation CDROM.

Back to the index

Delete a computer account

With native Windows 2000 commands:

NETDOM /DOMAIN:MyDomain MEMBER \\computer2Bdeleted /DELETE
NETDOM is part of the support tools found in the \SUPPORT directory of the Windows 2000
installation CDROM.

Back to the index

"I need an up-to-date list of disk space usage for all servers,
on my desk in 5 minutes"

Sounds familiar?

With (native) Windows XP Professional or Windows Server 2003 commands:

FOR /F %%A IN (servers.txt) DO (
WMIC /Node:%%A LogicalDisk Where DriveType="3" Get
DeviceID,FileSystem,FreeSpace,Size /Format:csv | MORE /E +2 >>
SRVSPACE.CSV
)

The only prerequisites are:

1. SRVSPACE.CSV should not exist or be empty,

2. a list of server names in a file named SERVERS.TXT, one server name on each line,
3. and WMIC.EXE, which is native in Windows XP Professional and later.

The CSV file format is ServerName,DeviceID,FileSystem,FreeSpace,Size (one line for each

harddisk partition on each server).

If you have a strict server naming convention, SERVERS.TXT itself can be generated with
the NET command:
FOR /F "delims=\ " %%A IN ('NET VIEW ^| FINDSTR /R /B
/C:"\\\\SRV\-"') DO (>>SERVERS.TXT ECHO.%%A)
Notes: (1) assuming server names start with "SRV-"; modify to match your own naming
convention.

(2) delims is a backslash, followed by a tab and a space.

 Back to the index

List all drivers on any PC

With (native) Windows XP Professional or Windows Server 2003 commands:

DRIVERQUERY /V /FO CSV > %ComputerName%.csv

Or, for remote computers:

DRIVERQUERY /S remote_PC /V /FO CSV > remote_PC.csv

Back to the index

List all printers on any PC

With (native) Windows XP+ commands:

WMIC /Node:remote_PC Path Win32_Printer Get DeviceID

Back to the index

List all local administrators

With (native) Windows NT 4+ commands:

NET LOCALGROUP Administrators

Or, to remove header and footer lines:

FOR /F "delims=[]" %%A IN ('NET LOCALGROUP Administrators
| FIND /N "----"') DO SET HeaderLines=%%A
FOR /F "tokens=*" %%A IN ('NET LOCALGROUP
Administrators') DO SET FooterLine=%%A
NET LOCALGROUP Administrators | MORE /E +%HeaderLines% |
FIND /V "%FooterLine%"

Back to the index

Locate rogue DHCP servers

Never had an "illegal" router wreaking havoc on your network yet...?

With a (native) Windows Server 2003 command:

DHCPLOC -p local_IP_address [ valid_DHCP_server1 [
valid_DHCP_server2 [ .. ] ] ]
DHCPLOC.EXE is native in Windows Server 2003, and will run in Windows XP if
copied/installed.
I didn't test this in Windows Server 2003 yet, but in Windows XP you need to press "d" to
start the discovery, or "q" to quit.

Back to the index

Disable Windows Firewall for domain only

Disable the firewall only when the computer (e.g. a laptop) is connected to the domain:
NETSH Firewall Set OpMode Mode = DISABLE Profile = DOMAIN

Back to the index

Completely disable Windows Firewall (not recommended)

Disable the firewall comletely (not recommended unless an alternative enterprise firewall is
used that requires you to do so):
SC [ \\Remote_computer ] Stop SharedAccess
SC [ \\Remote_computer ] Config SharedAccess start=
disabled

Back to the index

Is IP v4 supported on this computer?

Check if IP v4 is supported on the local computer:

PING 127.0.0.1 | FIND "TTL=" >NUL 2>&1
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 (ECHO IP v4 NOT supported) ELSE (IP v4
supported)

or:
WMIC Path Win32_PingStatus WHERE "Address='127.0.0.1'" Get
StatusCode /Format:Value | FINDSTR /X "StatusCode=0" >NUL 2>&1
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 (ECHO IP v4 NOT supported) ELSE (IP v4
supported)

The WMIC command is faster, but requires Windows XP Professional or later.

Back to the index

Is IP v6 supported on this computer?

Check if IP v6 is supported on the local computer:

PING ::1 | FINDSTR /R /C:"::1:[$]" >NUL 2>&1
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 (ECHO IP v6 NOT supported) ELSE (IP v6
supported)

or:
WMIC Path Win32_PingStatus WHERE "Address='::1'" Get
StatusCode >NUL 2>&1
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 (ECHO IP v6 NOT supported) ELSE (IP v6
supported)

The WMIC command is faster, but requires Windows XP Professional or later.

Back to the index

Which updates were installed on this compter?

Windows 7 and 8:
DISM /Online /Get-Packages
or:
WMIC QFE List

DISM will return far more details than WMIC.

Windows 2000 and XP:

QFECHECK /V

Keyboard Shorcuts (Microsoft Windows)

1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle
Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)

8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)

9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or
select text in a document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents
opensimultaneously)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a
command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder onelevel up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROMinto the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from
automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog
box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restorethe minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
25. NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
26. LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
27. RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using
the keyboard shortcuts:
1. RIGHT ARROW (Move to the rightor to the beginning of the next line)
2. LEFT ARROW (Move to the left orto the end of the previous line)
3. UP ARROW (Move up one row)
4. DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
5. PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
6. PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
7. HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
8. END (Move to the end of the line)
9. CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
10. CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
11. SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
2. CTRL+N (Open a new console)
3. CTRL+S (Save the open console)
4. CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
5. CTRL+W (Open a new window)
6. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
7. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
8. ALT+F4 (Close the console)
9. ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
10. ALT+V (Display the View menu)
11. ALT+F (Display the File menu)
12. ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)

MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
2. ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
3. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
4. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
5. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
6. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
7. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
8. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for theselected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this
shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal
server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local
computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place asnapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal
server clipboardand provide the same functionality aspressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local
computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box,the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
11. CTRL+W (Close the current window)
Share n Tag

Append

The append command can be used by programs to open files in another directory as if they were

located in the current directory.

The append command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The append

command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows.

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Arp

The arp command is used to display or change entries in the ARP cache.

The arp command is available in all versions of Windows.

Assoc
The assoc command is used to display or change the file type associated with a particular file

extension.

The assoc command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

At

The at command is used to schedule commands and other programs to run at a specific date and

time.

The at command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Beginning in Windows 8, command line task scheduling should instead be completed with the schtasks

command.

Atmadm

The atmadm command is used to display information related to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)

connections on the system.

The atmadm command is available in Windows XP.

Support for ATM was removed beginning in Windows Vista, making the atmadm command

unnecessary.

Attrib

The attrib command is used to change the attributes of a single file or a directory.

The attrib command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Auditpol

The auditpol command is used to display or change audit policies.

The auditpol command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

Bcdboot

The bcdboot command is used to copy boot files to the system partition and to create a new system

BCD store.

The bcdboot command is available in Windows 8 and Windows 7.

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Bcdedit

The bcdedit command is used to view or make changes to Boot Configuration Data.

The bcdedit command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

The bcdedit command replaced the bootcfg command beginning in Windows Vista.

Bdehdcfg

The bdehdcfg command is used to prepare a hard drive for BitLocker Drive Encryption.

The bdehdcfg command is available in Windows 8 and Windows 7.

Bitsadmin

The bitsadmin command is used to create, manage, and monitor download and upload jobs.

The bitsadmin command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

While the bitsadmin command is available in both Windows 8 and Windows 7, it is being phased out.

The BITS PowerShell cmdlets should be used instead.

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Bootcfg
The bootcfg command is used to build, modify, or view the contents of the boot.ini file, a hidden file

that is used to identify in what folder, on which partition, and on which hard drive Windows is located.

The bootcfg command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

The bootcfg command was replaced by the bcdedit command beginning in Windows Vista. Bootcfg is

still available in Windows 8, 7, and Vista, but it serves no real value since boot.ini is not used in these

operating systems.

Bootsect

The bootsect command is used to configure the master boot code to one compatible with BOOTMGR

(Vista and later) or NTLDR (XP and earlier).

The bootsect command is available in Windows 8.

The bootsect command is also available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista but only from the Command

Prompt available in System Recovery Options.

Break

The break command sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking on DOS systems.

The break command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

The break command is available in Windows XP and later versions of Windows to provide compatibility

with MS-DOS files but it has no effect in Windows itself.

Cacls

The cacls command is used to display or change access control lists of files.

The cacls command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

The cacls command is being phased out in favor of the icacls command, which should be used instead

in all versions of Windows after Windows XP.

Call

The call command is used to run a script or batch program from within another script or batch

program.

The call command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

The call command has no effect outside of a script or batch file. In other words, running the call

command at the Command Prompt or MS-DOS prompt will do nothing.

Cd

The cd command is the shorthand version of the chdir command.

The cd command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Certreq

The certreq command is used to perform various certification authority (CA) certificate functions.

The certreq command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

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Certutil

The certutil command is used to dump and display certification authority (CA) configuration

information in addition to other CA functions.

The certutil command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

Change

The change command changes various terminal server settings like install modes, COM port

mappings, and logons.

The change command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

Chcp

The chcp command displays or configures the active code page number.

The chcp command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

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Chdir

The chdir command is used to display the drive letter and folder that you are currently in. Chdir can

also be used to change the drive and/or directory that you want to work in.

The chdir command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Checknetisolation

The checknetisolation command is used to test apps that require network capabilities.

The checknetisolation command is available in Windows 8.

Chglogon

The chglogon command enables, disables, or drains terminal server session logins.

The chglogon command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

Executing the chglogon command is the same as executing change logon.

Chgport

The chgport command can be used to display or change COM port mappings for DOS compatibility.

The chgport command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

Executing the chgport command is the same as executing change port.

Chgusr

The chgusr command is used to change the install mode for the terminal server.

The chgusr command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

Executing the chgusr command is the same as executing change user.

Chkdsk

The chkdsk command, often referred to as check disk, is used to identify and correct certain hard

drive errors.

The chkdsk command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Chkntfs

The chkntfs command is used to configure or display the checking of the disk drive during the

Windows boot process.

The chkntfs command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

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Choice

The choice command is used within a script or batch program to provide a list of choices and return

the value of that choice to the program.

The choice command is available in MS-DOS and all versions of Windows except Windows XP.

Use the set command with the /p switch in place of the choice command in batch files and scripts that

you plan to use in Windows XP.

Cipher

The cipher command shows or changes the encryption status of files and folders on NTFS partitions.

The cipher command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Clip
The clip command is used to redirect the output from any command to the clipboard in Windows.

The clip command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

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Cls

The cls command clears the screen of all previously entered commands and other text.

The cls command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Cmd

The cmd command starts a new instance of the cmd.exe command interpreter.

The cmd command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Cmdkey

The cmdkey command is used to show, create, and remove stored user names and passwords.

The cmdkey command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

Cmstp

The cmstp command installs or uninstalls a Connection Manager service profile.

The cmstp command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Color

The color command is used to change the colors of the text and background within the Command

Prompt window.

The color command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Command

The command command starts a new instance of the command.com command interpreter.

The command command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The

command command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows.

Comp

The comp command is used to compare the contents of two files or sets of files.

The comp command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

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Compact

The compact command is used to show or change the compression state of files and directories on

NTFS partitions.

The compact command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Convert

The convert command is used to convert FAT or FAT32 formatted volumes to the NTFS format.

The convert command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Copy

The copy command does simply that - it copies one or more files from one location to another.

The copy command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

The xcopy command is considered to be a more "powerful" version of the copy command.
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Cscript

The cscript command is used to execute scripts via Microsoft Script Host.

The cscript command is available in all versions of Windows.

The cscript command is most popularly used to manage printers from the command line using scripts

like prncnfg, prndrvr, prnmngr, and others.

Ctty

The ctty command is used to change the default input and output devices for the system.

The ctty command is available in Windows 98 and 95 as well as in MS-DOS.

The functions provided by the ctty command were no longer necessary beginning in Windows XP

because the command.com interpreter (MS-DOS) is no longer the default command line interpreter.

Date

The date command is used to show or change the current date.

The date command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Dblspace

The dblspace command is used to create or configure DoubleSpace compressed drives.

The dblspace command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS.

DriveSpace, executed using the drvspace command, is an updated version of DoubleSpace. Windows

natively handles compression beginning in Windows XP.

Debug
The debug command starts Debug, a command line application used to test and edit programs.

The debug command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The debug

command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows.

Defrag

The defrag command is used to defragment a drive you specify. The defrag command is the command

line version of Microsoft's Disk Defragmenter.

The defrag command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Del

The del command is used to delete one or more files.

The del command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

The del command is the same as the erase command.

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Deltree

The deltree command is used to delete a directory and all the files and subdirectories within it.

The deltree command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS.

Beginning in Windows XP, a folder and its files and subfolders can be removed using the /s function of

the rmdir command. Deltree was no longer needed with this new rmdir ability so the command was

removed.

Diantz

The diantz command is used to losslessly compress one or more files. The diantz command is

sometimes called Cabinet Maker.

The diantz command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
The diantz command is the same as the makecab command.

Dir

The dir command is used to display a list of files and folders contained inside the folder that you are

currently working in. The dir command also displays other important information like the hard drive's

serial number, the total number of files listed, their combined size, the total amount of free space left

on the drive, and more.

The dir command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

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Diskcomp

The diskcomp command is used to compare the contents of two floppy disks.

The diskcomp command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Diskcopy

The diskcopy command is used to copy the entire contents of one floppy disk to another.

The diskcopy command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Diskpart

The diskpart command is used to create, manage, and delete hard drive partitions.

The diskpart command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

The diskpart command replaced the fdisk command beginning in Windows XP.

Diskperf
The diskperf command is used to manage disk performance counters remotely.

The diskperf command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Diskraid

The diskraid command starts the DiskRAID tool which is used to manage and configure RAID arrays.

The diskraid command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

Dism

The dism command starts the Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool (DISM). The DISM

tool is used to manage features in Windows images.

The dism command is available in Windows 8 and Windows 7.

Dispdiag

The dispdiag command is used to output a log of information about the display system.

The dispdiag command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

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Djoin

The djoin command is used to create a new computer account in a domain.

The djoin command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

Doskey

The doskey command is used to edit command lines, create macros, and recall previously entered

commands.

The doskey command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Dosshell
The dosshell command starts DOS Shell, a graphical file management tool for MS-DOS.

The dosshell command is available in Windows 95 (in MS-DOS mode) and also in MS-DOS version 6.0

and later MS-DOS versions that were upgraded from previous versions that contained the dosshell

command.

A graphical file manager, Windows Explorer, became an integrated part of the operating system

beginning in Windows 95.

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Dosx

The dosx command is used to start DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI), a special mode designed to

give MS-DOS applications access to more than the normally allowed 640 KB.

The dosx command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The dosx

command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows.

The dosx command and DPMI is only available in Windows to support older MS-DOS programs.

Driverquery

The driverquery command is used to show a list of all installed drivers.

The driverquery command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Drvspace

The drvspace command is used to create or configure DriveSpace compressed drives.

The drvspace command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS.

DriveSpace is an updated version of DoubleSpace, executed using the dblspace command. Windows
natively handles compression beginning in Windows XP.
Echo

The echo command is used to show messages, most commonly from within script or batch files. The

echo command can also be used to turn the echoing feature on or off.

The echo command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Edit

The edit command starts the MS-DOS Editor tool which is used to create and modify text files.

The edit command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The edit

command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows.

Edlin

The edlin command starts the Edlin tool which is used to create and modify text files from the

command line.

The edlin command is available in all 32-bit versions of Windows but is not available in 64-bit versions

of Windows.

In MS-DOS, the edlin command is only available up to MS-DOS 5.0 so unless your later version of MS-

DOS was upgraded from 5.0 or prior, you won't see the edlin command.

Emm386

The emm386 command is used to give MS-DOS access to more than 640 KB of memory.

The emm386 command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS.

Windows itself has access to extended and expanded memory beginning in Windows 95.

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Endlocal
The endlocal command is used to end the localization of environment changes inside a batch or script

file.

The endlocal command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Erase

The erase command is used to delete one or more files.

The erase command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

The erase command is the same as the del command.

Esentutl

The esentutl command is used to manage Extensible Storage Engine databases.

The esentutl command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

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Eventcreate

The eventcreate command is used to create a custom event in an event log.

The eventcreate command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Eventtriggers

The eventtriggers command is used to configure and display event triggers.

The eventtriggers command is available in Windows XP.

Beginning in Windows Vista, event triggers are created using the Attach Task To This Event feature in

Event Viewer, making the eventtriggers command unnecessary.

Exe2Bin

The exe2bin command is used to convert a file of the EXE file type (executable file) to a binary file.

The exe2bin command is available in 32-bit versions of Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and

Windows XP. The exe2bin command is not available in any 64-bit version of Windows.

Exit

The exit command is used to end the cmd.exe (Windows) or command.com (MS-DOS) session that

you're currently working in.

The exit command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Expand

The expand command is used to extract a single file or a group of files from a compressed file.

The expand command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all versions of Windows. The expand

command is not available in the 64-bit version of Windows XP.

Extrac32

The extrac32 command is used to extract the files and folders contained in Microsoft Cabinet (CAB)

files.

The extrac32 command is available in all versions of Windows.

The extrac32 command is actually a CAB extraction program for use by Internet Explorer but can be

used to extract any Microsoft Cabinet file. Use the expand command instead of the extrac32 command

if possible.

Extract

The extract command is used to extract the files and folders contained in Microsoft Cabinet (CAB)

files.

The extract command is available in Windows 98 and 95.

The extract command was replaced by the expand command beginning in Windows XP.
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Fasthelp

The fasthelp command provides more detailed information on any of the other MS-DOS commands.

The fasthelp command is only available in MS-DOS.

The help command replaced the fasthelp command beginning in Windows 95.

Fastopen

The fastopen command is used to add a program's hard drive location to a special list stored in

memory, potentially improving the program's launch time by removing the need for MS-DOS to locate

the application on the drive.

The fastopen command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The

fastopen command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows.

Fastopen is only available in Windows 8, 7, Vista, and XP to support older MS-DOS files.

Fc

The fc command is used to compare two individual or sets of files and then show the differences

between them.

The fc command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

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Fdisk

The fdisk command is used to create, manage, and delete hard drive partitions.

The fdisk command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS.

The fdisk command was replaced by the diskpart command beginning in Windows XP. Partition

management is also available from Disk Management in Windows 8, 7, Vista, and XP.

Find

The find command is used to search for a specified text string in one or more files.

The find command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Findstr

The findstr command is used to find text string patterns in one or more files.

The findstr command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Finger

The finger command is used to return information about one or more users on a remote computer

that's running the Finger service.

The finger command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Fltmc

The fltmc command is used to load, unload, list, and otherwise manage Filter drivers.

The fltmc command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Fondue

The fondue command, short for Features on Demand User Experience Tool, is used to install any of

the several optional Windows features from the command line.

The fondue command is available in Windows 8.

Optional Windows features can also be installed from the Programs and Features applet in Control

Panel.

For

The for command is used to run a specified command for each file in a set of files. The for command is

most often used within a batch or script file.

The for command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

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Forcedos

The forcedos command is used to start the specified program in the MS-DOS subsystem.

The forcedos command is only available in 32-bit versions of Windows XP.

The forcedos command is only used for MS-DOS programs that are not recognized as such by

Windows XP.

Forfiles

The forfiles command selects one or more files to execute a specified command on. The forfiles

command is most often used within a batch or script file.

The forfiles command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista.

Format

The format command is used to format a drive in the file system that you specify.

The format command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.

Drive formatting is also available from Disk Management in Windows 8, 7, Vista, and XP.

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Fsutil

The fsutil command is used to perform various FAT and NTFS file system tasks like managing reparse

points and sparse files, dismounting a volume, and extending a volume.

The fsutil command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Ftp

The ftp command can used to transfer files to and from another computer. The remote computer must

be operating as an FTP server.

The ftp command is available in all versions of Windows.

Ftype

The ftype command is used to define a default program to open a specified file type.

The ftype command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

Getmac

The getmac command is used to display the media access control (MAC) address of all the network

controllers on a system.

The getmac command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

What is the Shutdown Command?:

The shutdown command is a Command Prompt command that can be used to shut down, restart, log

off, or hibernate your own computer.

The shutdown command can also be used to remotely shut down or restart a computer you have
access to over a network.
Shutdown Command Syntax:

shutdown [/i | /l | /s | /r | /g | /a | /p | /h | /e | /o] [/hybrid] [/f] [/m \\computername]

[/t xxx] [/d [p:|u:]xx:yy] [/c "comment"] [/?]

Tip: See How To Read Command Syntax if you're not sure how to read the shutdown command

syntax shown above.

/i = This shutdown option shows the Remote Shutdown Dialog, a graphical version of the remote shut

down and restart features available in the shutdown command. The /i switch must be the first switch

shown and all other options will be ignored.

/l = This option will immediately log off the current user on the current machine. You can not use the

/l option with the /m option to log off a remote computer. The /d, /t, and /c options are also not

available with /l.

/s = Use this option with the shutdown command to shut down the local or /m defined remote

computer.

/r = This option will shut down and then restart the local computer or the remote computer specified

in /m.

/g = This shutdown option functions the same as the /r option but will also restart any registered

applications after the reboot.

/a = Use this option to stop a pending shut down or restart. Remember to use the /m option if you're

planning on stopping a pending shut down or restart that you executed for a remote computer.

/p = This shutdown command option turns off the local computer completely. Using the /p option is

similar to executing shutdown /s /f /t 0. You can not use this option with /t.

/h = Executing the shutdown command with this option immediately puts the computer you're on into

hibernation. You can not use the /h option with the /m option to put a remote computer into

hibernation, nor can you use this option with /t, /d, or /c.

/e = This option enables documentation for an unexpected shut down in the Shutdown Event Tracker.

/o = Use this shutdown switch to end the current Windows session and open the Advanced Boot

Options menu. This option must be used with /r. The /o switch is new beginning in Windows 8.

/hybrid = This option performs a shutdown and prepares the computer for fast startup. The /hybrid

switch is new beginning in Windows 8.

/f = This option forces running programs to close without warning. Except with the /l, /p, and /h

options, not using shutdown's /f option will present a warning about the pending shut down or

restart.

/m \\computername = This shutdown command option specifies the remote computer that you want

to execute a shut down or restart on.

/t xxx = This is the time, in seconds, between the execution of the shutdown command and the

actual shut down or restart. The time can be anywhere from 0 (immediately) to 315360000 (10

years). If you don't use the /t option then 30 seconds is assumed. The /t option is not available with

either the /l, /h, or /p options.

/d [p:|u:]xx:yy = This records a reason for the restart or shut down. The p option indicates a planned

restart or shut down and the u a user defined one. The xx and yy options specify major and minor

reasons for the shut down or restart, respectively, a list of which you can view by executing the

shutdown command without options. If neither p nor u are defined, the shut down or restart will be

recorded as unplanned.

/c "comment" = This shutdown command option allows you to leave a comment describing the

reason for the shut down or restart. You must include quotes around the comment. The maximum

length of the comment is 512 characters.

/? = Use the help switch with the shutdown command to show detailed help about the command's

several options. Executing shutdown without any options also displays the help for the command.

Tip: Each time Windows is shut down or restarted manually, including via the shutdown command,

the reason, type of shut down, and [when specified] comment are recorded in the System log in Event

Viewer. Filter by the USER32 source to find the entries.

Tip: You can save the output of the shutdown command to a file using a redirection operator. See

How To Redirect Command Output to a File for help doing that or see Command Prompt Tricks for

more tips.

Shutdown Command Examples:

shutdown /r /d p:0:0

In the above example, the shutdown command is used to restart the computer that's currently being

used and records a reason of Other (Planned). The restart is designed by /r and the reason is

specified with the /d option with p representing that the restart is planned and the 0:0 indicating an
"Other" reason.
Remember, major and minor reason codes on a computer can be displayed by executing shutdown

without options and referencing the Reasons on this computer table that's displayed.
shutdown /l

Using the shutdown command as shown here, the current computer is immediately logged off. No

warning message is displayed.

shutdown /s /m \\SERVER /d p:0:0 /c "Planned restart by Tim"

In this shutdown command example, a remote computer named SERVER is being shut down with a

recorded reason of Other (Planned). A comment is also recorded as Planned restart by Tim. Since no

time is designated with the /t option, the shutdown will begin on SERVER 30 seconds after executing

the shutdown command.

shutdown /s /t 0

Finally, in this last example, the shutdown command is used to shut down the local computer

immediately since we designated a time of zero with the shutdown /t option.

For example:

To shutdown your PC type : shutdown / s

To restart your PC type : shutdown / r

To logoff your PC type : shutdown / l