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dvb (Abyt) (0721) 861365, 760525,
nv.dv.ev. cKvkbv- 9
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gvN 1416 ev
Qdi 1431 wnRix
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gy`Y : w` ej cm, ivYxevRvi, ivRkvnx, dvb : 774612|
\ cKvkK KZK me^Z msiwZ \
nvw`qv : 15 (cbi) UvKv gv|

gynvv` Avmv`yjvn Avj-Mvwje

TALAQ O TAHLEEL by Dr. Muhammad Asadullah
Al-Ghalib. Professor, Department of Arabic, University
of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Published by: HADEETH
FOUNDATION BANGLADESH Kajla, Rajshahi, H.F.B.
9. Ph. & Fax (Reg) 88-0721-861365, 760525, Price Tk.
15 only.
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A_ev m`qfve gy Kwiqv w`e| Zvgiv Zvgv`i xK hvnv c`vb
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Aek hw` Zvnv`i Dfqi AvksKv nq h, Zvnviv Avjvn&i mxgviLv
iv Kwiqv PwjZ cvwie bv Ges Zvgiv hw` AvksKv Ki h, Zvnviv
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wewbgq wbKwZ cvBZ Pvwnj ZvnvZ Zvnv`i KvnviI Kvb Aciva
bvB| GBme Avjvn&i mxgviLv| Zvgiv Dnv jsNb KwiI bv| hvnviv
GBme mxgviLv jsNb Ki ZvnvivB Rvwjg (evKvivn 2/229)|
AZtci hw` m ZvnvK ZvjvK `q, Ze h Zvnvi Rb ea nBe bv,
h ch m Ab ^vgxi mwnZ msMZ bv nBe| AZtci m hw` ZvnvK
ZvjvK `q Avi Zvnviv Dfq gb Ki h, Zvnviv Avjvn&i mxgviLv
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GF >4 A 5H^ 7A 2A \ B U5_F 4 L&F wKfve? jvKwU ejj, ZvgvK ZvjvK `e| Zvici gqv` wbKUeZx
nj ZvgvK wdwiq be| GBfve PjZ _vK| ZLb D gwnjv
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A AvqvZq Bmjvgx ZvjvK weavb msc fve ewYZ nqQ|
Rvnjx Avie gwnjv`i wbq wQwbwgwb Ljv nZ| Zv`iK wbhvZbi
Dk evievi ZvjvK `Iqv nZ I wdwiq bIqv nZ| dj
gwnjv`i Bh&hZi myiv, Zv`i Dci wbhvZb e Ges bvix-cyili
wPib cvwievwiK Rxeb wwZkxjZv Avbqbi Dk Avjvn&i c
nZ P~ov ZvjvK weavb bg Avm| Ze ZvjvKi AvjvPbvi c~e
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Bmjvgi `wZ weevni iZ
cwe KziAvb Avjvn cvK bKKvi bvix-cyilK weevn eb Ave
nIqvi wb`k w`qQb (b~i 24/32)| Ab AvqvZ weevn ebK Avjvn
Zuvi AbZg wb`kb wnmve eYbv KiQb (ig 30/21)| Ab wZwb GB
ebK KwVb eb wnmve eYbv KiQb (wbmv 4/21)| nv`xQ ejv
1. Abyev` I UxKv : (evbyev` Avj-KziAvbyj Kixg (XvKv : BmjvwgK dvDkb evsjv`k
cKvkvbv-2, 7g gy`Y 1983), ct 57|
2. Beby Rvixi, Beby Avex nvZg, wZiwghx, nvKg, Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi 1/279|
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nqQ, `ywbqv GKwU m` Avi Zvi kZg m` nj bKKvi x|
Ab nv`xQ weevnK xbi Aavsk ejv nqQ|4
Bmjvgx bvix-cyili eevwnK ebK GKwU cwe eb wnmve weePbv
Ki GB ebi cweZvi Dci Zvi fwelr eskavivi cweZv wbfi
Ki (wbmv 4/1)| Gi wfwZ Zvi mnvq-mwi DivwaKvi wbYxZ nq
(wbmv 4/11)| Abvb Pzwi bvq cvivwiK mwZi wfwZ weevn Pzw
mvw`Z njI GLvb Dfqi AwffveK mn `yRb Cgvb`vi I vbevb
mvxi cqvRb nq|5 aygv bvix-cyil `yRbi mvwZZ weevn nq bv|
Awj I `yRb mvx6 Ges ^vgx-xi CRve-Keyj QvovI GKwU hiix welq
Gi m hy AvQ, mwU nj weevni Lyrev hv GKwU iZcY~ mybvZ|7
hvi gvag KziAvbi AvqvZ I nv`xQ bvbv nq Ges hvi gvag
DfqK wPivqx GK Hkx eb Ave Kivi welq DcwZ Dfqci
`vwqZkxj AwffveKe` QvovI mwKZv Avjvn&K mvx ivLv nq| hw`I
GwU Kvb AvBbx mvx bq, eis A`k HkwiK mvx| hvi iZ
Cgvb`vi ^vgx-xi wbKU AZ ekx| hvi Abyf~wZ Dfqi AePZb
gb Mfxifve iLvcvZ Ki Ges DfqK myL-`ytL, wec`-Avc`
msmvi Rxebi Uvbvcvob me`v nvwm-Kvbvi mv_x wnmve AUzU HK
eRvq iL `vZ Rxeb AwZevwnZ KiZ Dy Ki|
GZZxZ ^vgx-xi gvag mw nq AvMZ mvb`i bZzb eskaviv|
^vgx-x ZLb wcZv-gvZv wnmve Zv`i mvb`i AwffveK cwiYZ
nb| Amnvq KwP evPv`i jvjb-cvjb I Zv`i Rxebi DbwZB ZLb
evc-gvqi cavb wPvi welq nq `vuovq| ^vgx-x fvjevmvi mKi
cvkvcvwk ZLb AviKwU mni mZzeb iwPZ nq| GKw`K ^vgx-xi
wbweo cgi eb, Abw`K mvb`i cwZ Dfqi AcZ mni
Awfb AvKlY| Gfve ^vgx-xi Rxeb nq IV GKK j I Awfb
3. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3083|
4. ZvevivYx, nvKg, wdKm mybvn 2/108; evqnvKx Aveyj Cgvb, wgkKvZ nv/3096, mb`
RvBwq` ev Dg|
5. Avey `vE`, wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/3130, 31|
6. Avngv`, Avey `vE`, wZiwghx; BiIqv nv/1839, 1844 6/235-51|
7. Avngv`, wZiwghx, kvim mybvn, wgkKvZ nv/3149|
3
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cwiZvl jvf ab| Bmjvg weevni GB cwe ebK ZvB mvac
wUwKq ivLZ Pvq|
wewfb ag ZvjvK
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Ab GKRb gwnjvK Zvi wbR xi PvBZ my`ix gb Kij| Ze Ihi
eZxZ ZvjvK `IqvK Zvi fvj gb Ki bv| Zv`i wbKU Ihi ev
wU `yaibi: (K) `nMZ wU| hgb PvL Kg `Lv, PvL Uiv
nIqv, gyL `yMhy nIqv, wcV KzuRv nIqv, jvsov nIqv, ev nIqv
BZvw`| (L) PwiMZ wU| hgb ekig nIqv, evR eK eK Kiv,
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ZzQ welq MeKvwiYx nIqv BZvw`| Ze hbv nj Zv`i wbKU
mePq eo wU| GRb Kej hbvi cPvi nIqvB h_| cgvYi
`iKvi bB| cvi ^vgxi hZ wUB _vKzK bv Kb, x Zvi KvQ
_K ZvjvK wbZ cvi bv| GgbwK hw` ^vgxi hbv cgvwYZ nq, ZeyI
bq|
Lvb`i wbKU ZvjvK :
Lvb gvhnvewji ga cavb nj wZbwU: Kv_wjK, A_vW I
cUvU| Kv_wjK gvhnve ZvjvK GKevi wbwl| x Pwi Awekvm
ev LqvZRwbZ KviY NUj Zv`i weQvbv c_K ivLv nq Ges Gfve
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bv| GKvwaK weevn Lvb agxq Mvxhi weivax| Kbbv Bxj gviKzm-
Gi Kw_Z 8 I 9 AvqvZi eYbv gZ ^vgx-x `yRb wgj GKwU `n|
... AZGe Avjvn hv`iK GKwZ KiQb, gvbyl Zv`iK c_K KiZ
cvi bv (G*$S =jX N  =:k lP&...! *- Ghi G>< )
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cavb nj cviwiK Awekvm ev LqvbZ| wK GB Aevq Zv`i ga ZvjvK (
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ZvjvK wm njI ^vgx-x Dfqi Rb wZxq weevn wbwl|
Rvnjx hyMi ZvjvK :
cvK-Bmjvgx hyM Rvnjx Avie gq`i wbhvZb Kivi Rb ZvjvKK
nvwZqvi wnmve eenvi Kiv nZ| gv Avqkv (ivt) ejb, GKRb ^vgx
Zvi xK ZvjvK w`Z| Avevi BZi ga wdwiq wbZ| GBfve
kZvwaKevi ZvjvK I ivRAvZi NUbv NUZ| KLbv Kvb ^vgx ej
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`e bv, hZI `e bv| GB NUbv ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-K Rvbvbv nj wZwb
Pzc _vKb| AZtci `imi AvjvP AvqvZ ZvjvK gv `yevi... bvwhj
nq| A_vr gv `yeviB ZvjvK w`q diZ bIqv hve| ZZxq evi Avi
bq| ZLb wewQb nq hve|8
nvdh Bebyj KvBwqg (int) ejb, wZxq ^vgx KZK ^Qvq ZvjvKcv
xK Zvi c~eZb ^vgxi wbKU wdi Avmvi AbygwZ c`vb Avjvn&i c
_K gwnjv`i cwZ GKwU eo aibi AbyMn| Kbbv ZvIivZi weavb
gZ m Avi weevn KiZ cvi bv| Bxji weavb gZ Zv`i ga
wbwZfve ZvjvK wbwl| wK Avgv`i kixAvZ ev`vi KjvY wePvi
c~YvsM I wwZkxj| dj H ^vgxK PZy_evii myhvM w`qQ| A_vr
m Zvi xK wZb ZvjvK w`q we`vq Kivi ci wZxq ^vgx MnY KijI
mB ^vgx KZK ^Qvq ZvjvKcvv nj cybivq c~e ^vgx ZvK MnY
KiZ cvi| bBj Kvb Kkji Avkq wbj wZxq ^vgx fvovU lvuo
ne (Beby gvRvn, mb` nvmvb)| Zv`i H weq evwZj ne Ges c_g ^vgxi
Rb Zv nvjvj ne bv|9
Bmjvgi ZvjvK weavb :
8. wdKm mybvn 2/280-82|
9. Qvjn web dvIhvb, Avj-gyjvLLvQzj wdKnx (`vi Bebyj RvIhx, 5g gy`Y 1417/1996),
ct 317-18|
nqQ| kviC cwifvlvq ZvjvK A_: ^vgx-xi weevn eb wQb Kiv|
Bmjvg ZvjvKK Acm` Kiv nqQ| hw`I exbx, AevaZv,
hbvKvwiZv cfwZ P~ov Aevq GUvK Rvqh ivLv nqQ Ges ZvjvKi
gvag weevn eb wQb Kivi GLwZqvi `Iqv nqQ| `im ewYZ
AvqvZi AvjvK GY Avgiv Bmjvgi ZvjvK weavb mK
AvjvKcvZ Kie|
Bmjvg ZvjvKi AwaKvi mxwgZ Kiv nqQ wZbevii ga| c_g
`yevi ivRC I klwU evqb| A_vr Bmjvg ZvjvKi weavb ivLv
njI ^vgxK fveevi I mgSvZvi myhvM `Iqv nq xi wZb FZz ev
wZb gvmKvj hveZ| Gi ga ^vgx Zvi xK wdwiq wbZ cvib| hvK
ivRAvZ ejv nq| wK Mfxi fvebv-wPvi ci Vvv gv_vq ZZxqevi
ZvjvK w`j ZLb Avi wdwiq bIqvi myhvM _vK bv||
ZvjvKi cwZ :
(1) xK Zvi FZzgywi ci cwe Aevi iZ wgjb QvovB ^vgx
c_g GK ZvjvK w`e| AZtci mnevmnxb Aevq wZb FZzi BZ
AwZv nIqvi c~e ^vgx xK ivRAvZ KiZ cvi| A_vr wdwiq
wbZ cvi| wK BZKvj kl nIqvi ci diZ wbZ PvBj ZvK
Dfq ci mwZg bZzb weevni gvag diZ wbZ ne|
BZKvj x ^vgxMn Aevb Kie| AevbKvj ^vgx xK Lvicvl
w`e| GwUB nj ZvjvKi mevg cv|
(2) mnevmnxb Zvni c_g ZvjvK w`q BZi ga cieZx Zvni
2q ZvjvK w`e Ges BZKvj MYbv Kie| AZtci cieZx Zvnii
iZ ZZxq ZvjvK w`e I FZz Avmv ch mekl BZ cvjb Kie|
Ze ZZxqevi ZvjvK DPviY Kij xK Avi dir bIqv hve bv|
AZGe 2q Zvnii 2q ZvjvK w`j 3q Zvnii kl ch Acv
KivB eywgvbi KvR| GLvbI c~ei bvq hveZxq weavb envj _vKe
(evKviv 2/229; ZvjvK 65/1)| Bmjvg mvbvjx hyM GB ZvjvKB Pvjy wQj|
hgb Avjvn ^xq ivm~jK m^vab Ki ejb,
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n bex! hw` Avcwb x`i ZvjvK w`Z Pvb, Zvnj BZ Abyhvqx
ZvjvK w`b Ges BZ MYbv KiZ _vKyb| Avcwb Avcbvi cfy m^
uwkqvi _vKzb| mveavb ZvjvKi ci x`iK Mn nZ weZvwoZ Kieb
bv, Avi ZvivI hb ^vgxMn Qo ewnMZ bv nq| Aek Zviv hw`
LvjvLywjfve dvnkv KvR wj nq, Zvnj ^Z K_v| Gwj
AvjvnKZ mxgviLv| h ew D mxgviLv jsNb Ki, m wbRi Dci
hyj~g Ki| Kbbv m GK_v AeMZ bq h, ZvjvKi ciI Avjvn Kvb
(mgSvZvi) c_ ei Ki w`Z cvib (ZvjvK 65/1)|
D AvqvZi Zvrch GB h, ZvjvK nj g~jZt BZi ZvjvK,
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KiZ ne| GRb Kgc wZb FZz gywi wZb gvm ^vgx AeKvk cveb
h, wZwb xK wbq Ni KiZ cvieb wK-bv| GQvovI xK ^vgxMnB
Aevb KiZ ne| Gi viv DfqK cybwgjbi cwZ Dy Kiv nqQ|
Avjvn ejb, Gwj nj AvjvnKZ `~` ev mxgviLv, hv AwZg Kiv
wbwl|
GY ck nj: GK gRwjm GKwZfve wZb ZvjvK evqb w`j D
mxgviLv cvjb Kiv hvq wK? hLvb c_g ZvjvKi BZKvj GK FZz
kl 2q ZvjvK| AZtci 2q ZvjvKi BZKvj 2q FZz kl 3q
ZvjvK- Gfve wnmve Ki weiwZmn BZ MYbvi Kvb myhvM _vK wK?
hw` bv _vK, Zvnj mUv Kvb aibi ZvjvK? KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQi
Kv_vI Gic ZvjvKi Kvb AwZ AvQ wK?
hvB nvK wewfb wdKn M ZvjvKK Avnmvb, nvmvb I we`AvZ
wZbfvM fvM Kiv nqQ Ges KziAvb-nv`xQ ewYZ Dciv ZvjvK
weavbK mybx ZvjvK I AvweKZ GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK e`C
B e 7A AWK H`F FoS5 qp f56 BZpF B ZvjvK bvg AwfwnZ Kiv nqQ (n`vqv 2/354-55)| A_P gymjgvb
mybvZ gvbZ cvi, wK Kvb AevZB we`AvZ gvbZ cvi bv|
Kbbv xbi bvg mKj cKvi we`AvZ cZvLvZ10 Ges we`AvZi
GKgv cwiYvg Rvnvbvg|11 A_P we`AvZx ZvjvKK AvBbwm Kivi
gvag gymwjg mgvR Mvbvni c_ Lyj `Iqv nqQ| mybvZx ZvjvKi

T4,F \ B 5oF j we`AvZx ZvjvK wm Ki Zvnjxj-Gi bvq cvPxb bvsiv
Kzc_ vK Awm dvwm` wKqvmi gvag Bmjvgx mgvR wdwiq Avbv
nqQ| hvi mivmwi I Amnvq wkKvi nQ G`ki mij-wmav gymwjg
bvix mgvR|
DjL h, m~ivq ZvjvK-Gi 2q AvqvZi AvjvK Qvnvex`i ga
nhiZ Avjx I Bgivb web QvBb, ZveC`i ga AvZv, Beby RyivqR
I Beby mxixb Ges Bgvwgqv kxAv wevb gjx ZvjvKi I `yRb
bvqevb mvxi kZ Avivc Kib| hic weevni Kiv nq _vK|
Ze cvPxb I AvaywbK mKj hyMi Abvb wevb`i wbKU ZvjvK
Kejgv ^vgxi AwaKvi| Gi Rb Kvb mvxi cqvRb bB| Kbbv G
evcvi ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvevq Kivgi c _K Kvbic cgvY
bB|12
Dciv ZvjvK weavb `Lv hvQ h, Bmjvg evaMZ Aevq ZvjvK
Rvqh ivLjI g~jZt mUv Zvi Kvg bq| eis ^vgx I xi ga
mgSvZv mw I Zv`iK cybivq `vZ Rxeb wdi Avmvi mKj ea
myhvM mw Ki iLQ| ZvK GK gvm, `ygvm, wZb gvm hveZ wPv
Kivi myhvM w`qQ| BZKvj xK ^vgxMn Aevbi myhvM
w`qQ| mekl wZxqevi ch ZvjvK kwU DPviY KijI KziAvb
ZZxq ZvjvK ev ZvjvK evqb (wewQbKvix ZvjvK) K_vwU DPviY
Kiwb| eis BwZ ejQ, wZxqevi ZvjvK `Iqvi ci GY m
Zvi xK my`ifve ivLyK A_ev menvi gvag we`vq KiK|
10. gy&vdvK AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/104|
11. bvmvC nv/1579 wKfve C`vqbi Lyrev w`Z ne AbyQ`|
12. wdKm mybvn 2/290-92|
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RbK ew ivm~j (Qvt)-K wRm Kij, n ivm~j (Qvt)! KziAvb
`yevi ZvjvK `evi K_v cvwQ| wK ZZxq ZvjvK Kv_vq? ivm~j (Qvt)
ejjb, GI B*!
4 E5(5 OC 45 *
4 B 4 F A_ev my`ifve we`vq KiK|13 A_vr
Avjvn Pvb bv h, ev`v ^xq xK ZZxq ZvjvK w`K| Kbbv ZZxq
ZvjvK w`j m Avi Zvi xK diZ cve bv| hZY bv m wZxq
^vgx MnY Ki Ges mB ^vgx ZvK ^Qvq ZvjvK `q| Avi mUv
wbZvB Kbvi e|
Avjvn GZB gnievb h, mekl ZZxqevi ZvjvKi KviY D ^vgx
I xK wPiKvji gZ ciii Rb wbwl Kibwb| eis hw` KLbI
wZxq ^vgx ZvK ^Qvq ZvjvK `q, ZLb m cybivq Zvi c~eZb ^vgxi
KvQ wdi AvmZ cvi, hw` Dfq ^Qvq I mvMn ivhx nq| GZB
eySv hvq h, weevni cwe ebK Avjvn cvK KZ ekx iZ c`vb
KiQb Ges GK wUwKq ivLvi Rb KZfveB bv ev`vK Dy
KiQb|
Lvjv ZvjvK :
Lvjv (yA K z
L ) A_ : Kvco Lyj djv| cwe KziAvb ^vgx-xK
ciii Rb cvlvK (evKvivn 2/187) ^ic ejv nqQ| ^vgxi wbKU
_K x Kvb wKQzi wewbgq wbRK wewQb Ki bIqvKB kviC
cwifvlvq Lvjv ejv nq|14
gybvwdK bZv Avyjvn web DevBqi evb Rvgxjv webZ DevB wKsev
nvexevn webZ mvn&j bvgx RbKv AvbQvix gwnjv GKw`b dRii
AKvi ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-Gi `ievi Gm Zvi ^vgx QvweZ web Kvqm
web kvvm-Gi wei AwfhvM Kij h, m ZvK giQ I Anvwb
KiQ| m ejj, Avjvn&i Kmg! Avwg Zvi xb ev Pwii wei
AwfhvM Kwi bv eis Zvi euU Aeqe I KzrwmZ Pnvivi AwfhvM Kwi|
n ivm~j (Qvt)! hw` Avjvn&i fq bv _vKZ Zvnj evmi ivZ Avwg Zvi
gyL _y_y wbc KiZvg| ZLb ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) QvweZK WvKvjb I Zvi
13. Avngv`, Beby Avex nvZg, Beby gvi`ywfqvn, Beby KvQxi 1/279-80|
14. wdKm mybvn 2/319|
12
gZvgZ RvbZ PvBjb| wZwb ejjb, n ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)! Avwg ZvK
gni ^ic Avgvi mePq g~jevb `ywU LRyi evMvb w`qwQjvg, hv Zvi
AwaKvi AvQ| hw` mUv AvgvK diZ `q| ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) ZLb
gwnjvK ejjb, Zzwg wK ejZ PvI| gwnjvwU ejj nuv| dir `e|
PvBj Aviv ekx `e| ZLb ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) QvweZK ejjb, Zzwg
Zvgvi xK c_K Ki `vI| AZtci ZvB Kiv nj|15
Beby Rvixi ejb h, Dciv NUbv Dcj A AvqvZ (evKvivn 229-
Gi wZxqvsk) bvwhj nq| Beby Avevm (ivt) ejb, Bmjvgi BwZnvm
GUvB nj Lvjv ZvjvKi c_g NUbv Ges GUvB nj Lvjv-i g~j
`jxj|16
Lvjv g~jZt wdmL wbKvn ev weevn gyw| KziAvb `ywU ZvjvK
`Iqvi ci ZZxq ZvjvK-Gi c~e gvji wewbgq weevn gyw ev
Lvjv-Gi K_v GmQ| GZ eySv hvq h, Lvjv ZvjvK bq, eis
weQ` gv| hw` Lvjv ZvjvKB nZ, Ze kli ZvjvKwU PZz_ ZvjvK
ej MY nZ| A_P mKj wevb GKgZ h, kl h ZvjvK-Gi K_v
DjL Kiv nqQ, mwU ZZxq ZvjvK, PZz_ ZvjvK bq| bex Kixg (Qvt)
QveZ web Kvqm (ivt)-Gi xK Lvjv Ki bIqvi ci ZvK
Lvjvi BZ ^ic GK FZz Acv KiZ ejwQjb|17
D nv`xQwUI cgvY Ki h, Lvjv ZvjvK bq| KviY hw` Zv ZvjvK
nZ, Ze D gwnjvK wZwb wZb Zzni ch Acv KiZ ejZb|
eyLvix kixd Lvjvi h ZvjvK k eenvi Kiv nqQ, Zv
evLv mvc| Kbbv D nv`xQwU Beby Avevm (ivt) ewYZ| cvi
Ave~ `vD`, bvmvC, gyIqvv ewYZ LvjvKvwiYx gwnjv QvweZ-Gi x
15. eyLvix, gyIqvv, Avey`vE`, Beby Rvixi, bvmvC, Beby gvRvn; Beby KvQxi 1/281-82;
wgkKvZ nv/3274; Beby nvRvi `ywUK c_K NUbv gb Kib| kvIKvbx, bvqj 8/43|
16. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi 1/281|
17. Avey&`vE`, wZiwghx, bvmvC, bvqjyj AvIZvi (1g msviY 1415wnt, 1995Bs),
6/259ct|
 13
Rvgxjv ev nvexevn&-i eYbvq GmQ ZB F4f5

u QB B A_vr gwnjvK Qo
`vI| AZGe G welq D gwnjvi eeB AMvwaKvihvM|18
nvdh Bebyj KvBwqg ejb, Lvjv h ZvjvK bq, Zvi cgvY njt
ZvjvKi AvjvncvK h wZbwU weavbi K_v ejQb hwji me
KwU LvjvZ cvIqv hvq bv| wZbwU wb^ic-
(1) ZvjvK ivRCi ci ^vgx Zvi xK BZi ga webv weevn
wdwiq wbZ cvie| wK Lvjv nj xi mwZ eZxZ Zv cvie bv|
(2) ZvjvK wZb ch mxwgZ| myZivs ZvjvK msLv c~Y nq Mj xi
Ab ^vgxi mv_ weevn I wgjb bv nIqv ch c_g ^vgx ZvK wdwiq
wbZ cvie bv| wK Lvjvq xK Aci Kviv weevn eb Ave bv
nqB c_g ^vgxi KvQ bZzb weevni gvag wdi hZ cvie|
(3) Lvjvi BZ nj GK FZz| cvi mnevm KZ xi ZvjvKi
BZ wZb Zzni|19
FZzKvj ev cweKvj, mnevm KZ ev mnevmnxb, mKj Aevq x
Lvjv KiZ cvi (wdKm mybv n 2/323)| gnivbv wdwiq w`q ev Ab
Kvb gvji wewbgq Lvjv KivB `jxj mZ| Ze gvji wewbgq
QvovI Lvjv msNwUZ nZ cvi| wekl Ki ^vgxi c _K hw`
xK wZM Kivi KzgZje _vK, Ze mLvb gvji wewbgq QvovB
Av`vjZ Dfqi ga weevn weQ` NUvZ cvi| KviY nv`xQ GmQ,
.B B{
5 NF B .B B {
B NF Kvb wZ Kiv Pje bv, wZM nIqv hve bv|20
Pvi Ljxdvmn Qvnvex wevbMYi gZ Lvjv ZvjvKi BZ nj GK
FZzKvj| wK Rgn~i wevbMYi gZ Abvb ZvjvKi bvq GZI x
wZb FZzKvj ch BZ cvjb Kie|21 xi mwZ eZxZ BZ Kvji
18. bvqjyj AvIZvi 8/45-46|
19. bvqjyj AvIZvi 8/46-67|
20. Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/1896|
21. Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/1895, 96; wdKm mybvn 2/323,327-28|
14
ga ZvK wdwiq bIqv Rvqh bq|22 BZKvji ga Dfqi
mwZZ cybivq weevn nZ cvi|23 ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) Gikv` Kib,
3)5 6
F  )L 
B ~5.B ZB 4F?B dC B 
Bs &F }
I K (B ,B 5 4aF q4 &5 jT
F `F ZB -B 4 bB |
4 FFB vI FB ,4 5 B pF
h gwnjv Zvi ^vgxi wbKU _K Kvb wZi AvksKv QvovB ZvjvK
cv_bv Kie, m gwnjv RvbvZi myMw cve bv|24
ZvjvK evqb :
h ZvjvK viv x P~ovfve c_K nq hvq, ZvK ZvjvK evqb ev
wewQbKvix ZvjvK ej| GwU PviwU Aevq nZ cvi|-
1. mnevmi c~eB xK ZvjvK `Iqv| GB ZvjvKi Kvb BZKvj
bB, eis ZvjvKi ciB x Ab ^vgx MnY KiZ cvi|
2. gvji wewbgq ^vgxi wbKU _K x ZvjvK MnY Kiv| Lvjv
ZvjvKi mgq ^vgx ZLbB gvji wewbgq cve, hLb m c~eB xi
gnivbv m~Y cwikva Ki ivLe| bPr xi wbKU _K wewbgqi `vex
Kiv hve bv|
3. hLb ZZxq ZvjvK c~Y ne| hgb c_gevi cwe nIqvi ciB
mnevmnxb Aevq GK ZvjvK w`j| 2q evi GKBfve ZvjvK w`j|
ZZxq evi GKBfve ZvjvK w`j| wK Gevi Avi dir wbZ cvie bv|
Kbbv H ZvjvK Gevi evqb ZvjvK cwiYZ nj| Gici Zvi c
Avi c~e ^vgxi KvQ wdi hvevi c_ bB| hZY bv m Ab ^Qvq
weevn Ki I ^Qvq ZvjvKcvv nq|
4. ^vgxi Kvb gvivZK wUi KviY ev `xN Kvivevmi KviY ev
`xNw`b ^vgx wbLvuR nIqvi KviY Av`vjZi gvag x KZK weevn
evwZj Kiv| GUvK wdm&L wbKvn ej|25
22. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi 1/283-84; KziZzex 3/143-45|
23. wdKm mybvn 2/324|
24. Avngv`, wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/3279|
25. Ave`yjvn web hvq` Avj gvng~`, AvZ-ZvjvKzm mybx Iqvj e`C (KvZvi : miKvix
cKvkbv 1984), ct 62|
 15
Awm ZvjvK :
1. vav Aevi ZvjvK : vav Aevq gvbyl ^vfvweK Pwi
nvwiq dj| mKviY `vZ Rxebi wmvKvix GB iZcY~
welqwU z Aevq w`j Bmjvgx kixAvZ H ZvjvKK AMvn KiQ|
vav ejZ H vaK eySZ ne, h va ^vgx Zvi wnZvwnZ
vb nvwiq dj|26
2. cvMj, gvZvj ev AcKwZ Aevi ZvjvK : GB Aevq `Iqv Kvb
ZvjvK Mvn ne bv| GBic GK ewK Ljxdv Igi web Avyj Avhxh
bkv Kivi kvw ^ic (Avwk) eZ giwQjb| AZtci Zvi xK Zvi
KvQ dir w`qwQjb|27 nvbvdx gvhnve gZ GB Aevq ZvjvK cwZZ
ne (Kz`i~ x ct 173)|
3. hei`w ZvjvK : ^vgxi BQvi wei ej cqvM Ki ev fq-fxwZ
ev cZviYv Ki Zvi wbKU _K ZvjvK Av`vq Kiv wbwl| eis Hme
xi Rb Lvjv ZvjvKi eev c`vb Kiv nqQ|
Qvnvevq Kivg hei`w ZvjvKK ZvjvK wnmve MY KiZb bv (hv`yj
gvAv` 5/189)| Rgn~i wevbMYi wbKU hei`w ZvjvK cwZZ ne
bv| Ze nvbvdx gvhnve gZ ZvjvK cwZZ ne| Kbbv nv`xQ GmQ,
weevn, ZvjvK I ivRAvZ GB wZbwU welq nvwm-Vvv MnYhvM bq|
A_vr Zv cwZZ ne|28
Reve: nvwm-Vvv Avi hei`w GK e bq| AZGe hei`w ZvjvK
cwZZ bv nIqvB nv`xQ mZ|
4. FZzKvj ev bdvm Aevq ZvjvK, mnevmKZ cwe Aevq ZvjvK,
mnevmnxb GKB Zvni GKwZ ev c_K c_Kfve wZb ZvjvK c`vb
Kiv| z, cvMj, euk, hei`w, Avb, bvevjK ev wb`vevq
DPvwiZ ev c` ZvjvKK ZvjvK MY bv Kivi `jxj mg~n wbgic :
26. Avj-wdKj Bmjvgx 7/365|
27. hv`yj gvAv` 5/191; gynvjv 9/473-74, gvmAvjv bs 1964|
28. wZiwghx, Avey`vE`, wgkKvZ nv/3284; Avj-wdKj Bmjvgx Iqv Avw`jvZzn~ 7/367;
mb` nvmvb, BiIqv nv/1862, 6/224|
16
(1) Avjvn ejb, ... Kej H ew eZxZ hvK hei`w Kiv nqQ|
A_P Zvi Ai Cgvbi evcvi wbw iqQ (bvn&j 16/106)| ivm~jyjvn
(Qvt) ejb, wZbwU evcvi Kjg DwVq bqv nqQ (K) Nyg ew
hZY bv RvMwiZ nq (L) bvevjK wk hZY bv evjM nq (M)
vbnviv ew hZY bv my vb wdi cvq|29 wZwb AviI ejb,
ZvjvK bB I `vmgyw bB BMjvK Aevq|30 Avey `vE` ejb,
BMjvK MvjvK avZz nZ Drcb| hvi A_ e nIqv| vav, cvMj I
hei`wi Aevq gvbyli ^vfvweK vb I BQvkw jvc cvq| ZvB G
AevK BMjvK ejv nq (H, nvwkqv)|
Dci ewYZ Aevi ZvjvK mg~nK KziAvb I mybvn&i Kv_vI kviC
ZvjvK ej MY Kiv nqwb| Z_vwc GK cieZxZ ZvjvK e`C ev
we`AvZx ZvjvK bvg AwfwnZ Kiv nqQ Ges GKwZfve wZb ZvjvK
w`j H ew MvbvnMvi ne (? G )| wK Zv mI ZvjvK nq
hve ejv nqQ|31
Dcmsnvi :
`im ewYZ I m~ivq ZvjvK ewYZ KqKwU AvqvZ Avjvn cvK mKj
cKvi ZvjvKi evLv c`vb KiQb|32 hgb (1) mnevmnxb xK
ZvjvK c`vb| GB ZvjvKi Kvb BZKvj bB (2) mnevmKZ xK
ZZxq ZvjvK c`vb| GB xi ^vgxi Dci nvivg nq hve, hZY bv
m wZxq ^vgx MnY Ki I mLvb _K ^Qvq ZvjvKcvv nq (3)
Lvjv, hv wZb ZvjvKi evBi Ges xi c nZ ^vgxi wbKU _K
gvji wewbgq h weQ` msNwUZ nq (4) ZvjvK ivRC, hLvb GK
ev `yyB ZvjvK `Iqvi ci xK BZi ga ev BZi ciI ^vgx
dir wbZ cvi|
29. Qnxn Avey `vE` nv/3703|
30. Qnxn Avey `vE` nv/1919; Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/1665; wgkKvZ nv/3285|
31. Kz`~ix, ct 170; n`vqv 2/355|
32. Bebyj KvBwqg, hv`yj gvAv` (eiZ : gyIqvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn 29Zg msiY,
1416/1996) 5/224-25|
 17
cZK ZvjvKiB wfb wfb cKwZ I wfb wfb wbqg-cwZ iqQ|
mBme cwZi evBi ZvjvK w`j Zv we`AvZ ne, hv cZvLvZ|
FZzKvj ev bdvm Aevq ZvjvK `Iqv, GK gRwRm wZb ZvjvK
`Iqv ev GKB Zzni c_Kfve wZb ZvjvK `Iqv, Dci ewYZ Pvi
cKvi ZvjvKi evBi m~Y we`AvZx c_v| ZvjvK Kvb Ljbvi e
bq h, GK BQvgZ eenvi Kiv hvq| ZeyI hw` KD Gic Ki em,
Zvnj ivm~ji hvgvbvq ZvK GK ZvjvK ivRC MY Kiv nZ| hvZ
AbyZ ^vgx-x cybivq GKwZ nZ cvi Ges mskvab I mgSvZvi
myhvM wbZ cvi| wK H we`AvZx ZvjvKK evqb ZvjvKi KVvi
wmv c`vb Kivi dj gymwjg cvwievwiK Rxeb bg GmQ Akvwi
Mvp Abvwbkv| Avi Zv _K wbKwZi Rb Zvnjxj-Gi h c_ evrjvbv
nqQ, Zv AviI AKvi I AviI bvsiv| agi bvg cKvk ewfPvii
GB bvsiv c_v e Kivi Rb `vwqZkxj Ijvgvq KivgK mvnmx
c`c wbq GwMq AvmZ ne| hw` KLbv `k Bmjvgx miKvi
Avm, ZLb Zv`iK G welq wi wmv AekB cuQZ ne| (Qvt) jvbZ KiQb..|33 (2) DKev web Avgi (ivt) nZ ewYZ
mekl ejv Pj h, eZgvb wekl Ki cvK-fviZ Dcgnv`k GB
we`AvZx ZvjvKB cvq me Pvjy iqQ| mybvZx wbqg ZvjvKi LeiB
AbK Rvb bv| AZGe Zvnjxj-Gi Kzc_v e KiZ PvBj GK
gRwjm wZb ZvjvKK wZb ZvjvK MY Kivi we`AvZx ZvjvKi c_v
AvM e KiZ ne Ges RbMYK kviC ZvjvKi mylg weavb mK
AewnZ KiZ ne| Avjvn Avgv`i ZvIdxK w`b| -Avgxb!!
18
Zvnjxj
L >4 A .B "B :B F :7B HB B =5 4F?B 
 1H
B 
 L >4 A .B F jF F jF I >4 :A *
4 ,B "5 (4  5  5 f4?B "4 ?B
:=? )  . .lP, =-, "(   >( 8 . =A F
F H B A K B
F u
B A K  5
3O ( q,. 8 . =A F
F H B A K B
F uB A K  5  L >4 A .B "B :B F
5 465( 74 L A f5Q4 L NF F : 7B HB B =5 4F?B   L >4 A .B F Fj F Fj I ,5 B? "5 4( )F fBWK ?A "4 ?B B

F u
B A K  5  L >4 A .B "B :B F /L
uB A K >B 2A :F Fj  5  F >4 A .B B 1F(B :4>LFj 5.B:B* 4 A K
3f =j  "*! ( 70 1WZf =-, "( 8 . =A F
F HB A K B
Abyev`t (1) Ave`yjvn Beb gvmE` (ivt) nZ ewYZ ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)
Gikv` Kib h, Avjvn jvbZ KiQb nvjvjKvix I hvi Rb nvjvj
Kiv nq Dfq ewK| Zuvi _K Ab GK eYbvq GmQ, ivm~jyjvn
ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) Gikv` Kib, Avwg wK Zvgv`iK fvovU lvuo mK
Lei w`e bv? QvnvexMY ejjb, AekB n ivm~jyjvn| ZLb wZwb
ejjb, m nj H nvjvjKvix ew| Avjvn jvbZ KiQb nvjvjKvix
I hvi Rb nvjvj Kiv nq Dfq ewK|34
Zvnjxj A_ : nvjvj Kiv| cPwjZ A_ GKwZ wZb ZvjvK cvv xK
Zvi c~e ^vgxi wbKU wdwiq `Iqvi Rb wZxq GKRbK ^ mgqi
Rb ^vgxZ eiY Ki mnevm kl ZvjvK wbq c_g ^vgxi Rb ZvK
nvjvj Kiv| G`k GB aibi weevnK wnjv weevn ejv nq|
eyj
~ j gvivgi fvlM myeyjym mvjvg-Gi jLK Avjvgv QvbAvbx ejb,
G nv`xQ nj Zvnjxj nvivg nIqvi `jxj| Kbbv nvivgKvix eZxZ
cPwjZ wnjv c_v bvg cewU gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK MelYv cwKvi 4_ el 5g msLvq
deqvix 2001-h `im nv`xQ Kjvg cKvwkZ nq|
33. Qnxn bvmvC nv/3198; Qnxn wZiwghx nv/893-94; `vigx nv/2258; wgkKvZ
nv/3296-97|
34. Beby gvRvn, evqnvKx, nvKg, mb` nvmvb; BiIqvDj Mvjxj 6/309-10; hv`yj gvAv`
5/100-01|
 19 20
Abi Dci jvbZ Kiv nq bv| Avi cZK nvivg e wbwl| GLvb c_vB G`k (Dcgnv`k) Pvjy AvQ Ges Zviv Gi gvag bKxi KvR
wbwlZvi `vex nj weevn f nIqv| ....Zvnjxj-Gi AbKwj cwZ KiQb ej gb Ki _vKb|37
jvKiv eYbv KiQb| jvbZ-Gi KviY mKj cKvi cwZi Zvnjxj Reve ejv Pj h, nv`xQ nvjvjKvix K_vwU ejv nqQ nvjvjKvix
ev wnjv weevn evwZj (dvwm`)|35 ewi wbR^ aviYv Abyhvqx| hw`I GwU Avjvn&i wbKU nvivg| hgb
wZiwghxi fvlKvi Ave`yi ingvb gyeviKcyix ejb, ZveCb QvovI gykwiK I we`AvZxiv bKxi KvR gb KiB wkiK I we`AvZ mg~n
gyRZvwn` dKxn`i ga kvdC, Avngv`, BmnvK, mywdqvb QvIix, Ki _vwK| hw`I mwj Avjvn&i wbKU nvivg| Kbbv h ew Zvnjxj
Avyjvn Beb gyeviK cgLy mevB D nv`xQi Dci Avgj Ki Ki, m md GB wbqZB Ki h, Gi gvag H gwnjvwUK Zvi c~e
ZvnjxjK nvivg ejQb I Gi DciB Zuv`i drIqv iqQ| ^vgxi wbKU wdi hvevi c_ Lyj `e Ges ZvK Zvi Rb AvBbwm
cvi Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (int) I Zuvi wkle` ZvnjxjK Rvqh Ki `e| gyL ejyK ev bv ejyK kZ KiK ev bv KiK, cPwjZ
iLQb Ges gvbbxq n`vqv jLK D nv`xQ viv `jxj GbQb| Zvnjxj ev wnjv weevn gvbB nj GUv| Zvnjxj KLbvB vqx weevn
AZtci n`vqv-i fvlKvi Avjvgv hvqjvC hyw `wLqQb h, bq| GwU md Avqx I mvgwqK weevn| AZGe kixAvZi `wZ GK
weevn ejv Abvq|
GF F >4 F&F
u 
B K 5 |
A f5KA K >B 2A
F u
B A K HG5 [
5 F<e )5 
65 1B F?B H B 
T uB ,A 8A 6B 6F Zvnjxj-Gi Kzg :
3 T u
B ,A 8A 6B BF 5 F& Beby Igi (ivt) ejb, Avgiv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq GwUK [ C FX5 ev
hLb ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) H ewK nvjvjKvix ejQb, ZLb GUvB hbv ej MY KiZvg| wZwb ejb, Giv `yRbB ewfPvix| hw`I Zviv
Zvnjxj-Gi weevn wm nIqvi `jxj| Kbbv nvjvjKvix ew c~e 20 eQi hveZ ^vgx-x bvg w`b hvcb Ki|38 Igi dviK (ivt)
^vgxi Rb Zvi xK cwZwZ Ki| AZGe hw` Zvnjxj-Gi weevn ejZb, nvjvjKvix ew ev hvi Rb nvjvj Kiv nqQ, Ggb KvDK
evwZj nZ, Zvnj H ewK nvjvjKvix ejv nZ bv|36 wZiwghxi Avbv nj Avwg ZvK md iRg Kie|39 A_vr ewfPvixi kvwi bvq
fvlKvi Avbvqvi kvn Kvkxix Avidzk kvhxZ ejb, Avgv`i wbKU eyK ch gvwUZ cyuZ AZtci cv_i gi gv_v dvwUq kl Ki `e|
cwm K_v GB h, Zvnjxj-Gi kZwU cvchy& njI weevn wm Bebyj KvBwqg (int) ejb, Zvnjxj-Gi mgq gyL kZ KiK ev bv
ne|.... Avgv`i Kvb Kvb wKZve iqQ h, hw` k DPviYi KiK, g`xbvevmx wevbgjx Ges Avnjyj nv`xQ I Zv`i dKxn`i
gvag xK wdwiq `Iqvi kZ bv Kiv nq, ZvnjI GKRb gymjgvb wbKU H weevn evwZj| Kbbv GB mvgwqK evwnK weevn wg_v I auvKv
fvBqi DcKvi Kivi Rb nvjvjKvix ew QIqvei AwaKvix ne| Qvov Avi wKQzB bq| Avjvn cwiZ kixAvZ GUv wm bq Ges GUv
eis Kvb Kvb nvbvdx M cwivi ejv AvQ h, Dfqi ga wdwiq Kvb wKQzK wm KiZ cvi bv| Kbbv Gi wZKvwiZv Kviv wbKU
`Iqvi kZ _vKjI nvjvjKvix ew QIqvei AwaKvix ne (.>-, =$) Mvcb bq|
Zv`i gaKvi (cvwievwiK) BQjvn ev mskvabi Rb| ejZwK G

37. ZzndvZzj Avn&Iqvhx kvi wZiwghx nv/1129-Gi fvl, 4/264-67; Aviex wgkKvZ ct
284 UxKv-13|
35. myeyjym mvjvg nv/936; 4/2969| 38. ZvevivYx, evqnvKx, nvKg, BiIqv nv/1898, 6/311|
36. bvQeyi ivqvn (gvKZvev Bmjvwgqvn, 2q msiY 1393/1973), ct 240| 39. Bebyj gybwhi, gyQvbvd Beb Avex kvqev, gyQvbvd Avyi ivhhvK; wdKm mybv n 2/134|
 21 22
Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) ejb, Avjvn&i xb cwe I cwiQb| Zv weevn RvqR, Ze gvKin Zvnwigx| wK Bgvg Avey BDQyd, gvjK
KLbvB nvivg cvq Kvb bvixK nvjvj Kivi AbygwZ `q bv| hZY (GKgZ Abymvi kvdqx) I Bgvg Avng`i gZ GBic weevn dvQ`|
Kvb c ^fvei cyilK fvovU luvo wnmve D KvR eenvi bv c_g ^vgxi c H bvixi weevn Rvqh bn| nuv, kZ Ave bv nBqv
Kiv nq| wZwb ejb, wKfve Kvb nvivg e AbK nvjvj KiZ cvi? hw` Kn c_g ^vgxi DcKviv_ weevn Ki Ges ci Qvwoq `q
wKfve Kvb Acwe e AbK cwe KiZ cvi? ZvnvZ m cyY jvf Kwie| nv`xQ Zvi cwZ chvR bn|
mvBwq` mvweK ejb, GUvB mwVK K_v Ges GK_vB ejb, Bgvg gvjK mq` Aveyj Avjv gI`~`x Zvnjxj ev cvZvbv weq mK AvjvPbv
Avngv`, QvIix, Avnjyh hvni Ges Abvb dKxnMY| hgb nvmvb eQix, KiZ wMq ejb h, G aibi weqZ AvM _KB kZ _vK h,
Beivnxg bvLC, KvZv`vn, jvBQ, Bebyj gyeviK cgLy | cvi Bgvg bvixK Zvi c~e ^vgxi Rb nvjvj Kivi wbwg GK ew ZvK weq
Avey nvbxdv I hydvi (int) ejb, Zvnjxj-Gi mgq hw` kZ Ki Kie Ges mnevm Kivi ci ZvjvK w`e| Bgvg Avey BDmydi (int)
Zvnj weevn wm ne| Ze Zv gvKin ne| Kbbv Abvq kZi Rb gZ G aibi kZhy weq Av` ea nq bv| Bgvg Avey nvbxdvi (in:)
weevn evwZj nZ cvi bv| Bgvg Avey BDmyd (int)-Gi gZ D weevn gZ Gfve Zvnjxj nq hve, Ze KvRwU gvKin Zvnwigx ev nvivg
evwZj (dvwm`) ne| Kbbv GwU mvgwqK weevn (hv kviC weevni chvqi gvKin| Gici wZwb (`im ewYZ) `ywU nv`xQ Gb Kvbic
Dk weivax)| Bgvg gynvv` (int)-Gi gZ weevn wm ne| Ze ge QvovB AvjvPbv kl KiQb|41
c~e ^vgxi Rb x nvjvj ne bv|40 gvU K_v KziAvb ewYZ
wbqgvbymvi wZb Zzni wZb ZvjvK `Iqvi ci x ^Qvq Ab ^vgx
MnY Kie|
AZtci hw` KLbv mB ^vgx ^Qvq ZvjvK `q Ges c~e ^vgx ZvK
cybivq AvMni mv_ MnY KiZ Pvq, ZLbB Kej H x Zvi c_g
^vgxi wbKU bZzb weevni gvag diZ AvmZ cvi| G eZxZ Ab
Kvb nxjv-evnvbv I Kkj Ki Zvnjxj bvgK bvsiv cvi Avkq wbq
c~e ^vgxi wbKU wdi Avmvi Kvb myhvM Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~j (Qvt)
`bwb| hw`I Dcgnv`k GB bvsiv c_vB PjQ Bmjvgi bvg I
KziAvb-mybvn&i `vnvB w`q| A_P eve GwU Pvjy nqQ DZi GKwU
`ji gvhnvex ZvKjx`i `ytLRbK cwiYwZ wnmve| hgb-
wgkKvZi evsjv Abyev`K b~i gvnvv` AvRgx D nv`xQi (bs 4062,
6/323 ct) evLvq ejb, Aci nv`xQ nvjvjKvixK avii lvuo ejv
nqQ| Kn Kvnviv wZb ZvjvK `Iqv bvix G kZ weevn Kwij h, m
mnevm Kwiqv Qvwoqv w`e hvnvZ c_g ^vgx weevn KwiZ cvi- GB
ewK gynvjj nvjvjKvix ej| Bgvg Avey nvwbdvi gZ GBic

40. wdKm mybvn 2/135-36| 41. Zvdnxgyj KziAvb evbyev` 17/207-8|

 23 24
Zvnjxj-Gi KviY : hw` Zviv Avcvl SMov Ki, Zvnj kvmbKZv AwffveK neb H
mvgwqK DRbvi ek A_ev AZv ek ^vgx KLbv xK wZb ZvjvK ewi Rb, hvi Kvb AwffveK bB|42
GK w`q em| dj ZvjvKi msLvMZ mxgv kl nIqvi KviY Zvi ZvjvKi D kviC cv Aej^b Kij ^vgx-xK Gfve Pvivc_
AbykvPbv Qvov Avi wKQzB Kivi _vK bv| GgZvevq xi cg, mvbi Zvjvk KiZ nZ bv| GK ev `yB ZvjvK w`q iL w`j BZi ga
gvqv I msmvii ksLjv ivi ^v_ m xK wdi cvIqvi Rb GKmgq wdwiq wbq ev BZ Pj Mj bZzb weevni gvag Zviv cybivq
gwiqv nq IV| Iw`K xi Aev nq Aviv KiY| PvLi cvwb Qvov wgwjZ nZ cviZ| eZt Bmjvgi `Iqv GB weavbB Kej hyw
Zvi Avi wKQzB ejvi _vK bv| wbR nvZ mvRvbv msmvii gvqv ZvK mZ I f`vwPZ cv| GY ck nj hw` KD kviC cv ev` w`q
cvMwjbx Ki dj| Dfqi GB bvhyK gvbwmK Aevi cwZ Zviv we`AvZx cvq GK gRwjm wZb ZvjvK GKwZfve ev GKB Zzni
^vgx-x cybwgjbi Rb hKvb KvR KiZ ivhx nq hvq| Avi wZb ZvjvK c_K c_Kfve w`q `q, Zvnj Zvi x wPiZi ZvjvK
GmgqB Zvnjxj-Gi bvsiv cwZ ck Kiv nq agi bvg| hv Zviv ne wK-bv|
BQvi wei Keyj Ki bq| GKwZ wZb ZvjvK
mgSvZvi weavb :
KziAvbx bxwZ Abyhvqx wZb Zzni ZvjvK bv w`q hw` KD Abvqfve
ZvjvKi kviC cwZ wnmve KziAvb I nv`xQ ^vgxK Kgc wZb gvm GKB mv_ wZb ZvjvK `q, Ze m ZvjvK eZve wK-bv, G welq
fveevi AeKvk `Iqv nqQ| hvZ BZi gaB Dfqi ga GKUv wevbMYi gZf`K PvifvM wef Kiv hvq| GK`j wevb ejb, Gi
mgSvZvi c_ ewiq hvq| GQvovI Dfq cwievii ev cwievii evBi viv wKQzB eZve bv| 2q `j ejb, wZb ZvjvK cwZZ ne| wK H
GK GK Rb cwZwbwa wbq mgSvZv eVK Kivi wb`kI m~iv wbmv 35 ew MvbvnMvi ne| 3q `j ejb, mnevmKZ bvixi Dci wZb ZvjvK
AvqvZ `Iqv nqQ| hgb Avjvn ejb, eZve I mnevmnxb bvixi Dci GK ZvjvK eZve| 4_ `j ejb, GK
ZvjvK ivRC ne| wbg Pvi `ji ee mg~n msc AvjvwPZ
B45 A GK S5 BZ524 F "4 ,e TF<!B B =5 524 F "4 ,e TF<!B K>L:B (4F& BZ5 54(B
B FW5 74 AXK Q5 GK S5 B nj|-
-T4f5QB T45?B GF F =B Y GH S5 BZA B4(B =A Y n5 &u>B A T!F
4 S5 1g `ji `jxj mg~n : Zuv`i g~j `jxj (K) m~ivq evKvivn 228-29 I
Avi hw` Zvgiv ^vgx-xi ga mK wQb nevi AvksKv Ki, Zvnj m~ivq ZvjvK 1g I 2q AvqvZ| AZtci (L) nv`xQi `jxj nj-
^vgxi cwievi _K GKRb I xi cwievi _K GKRb kvwjm ciY =5 4F?B   1H B  5  5 >4 A .B 5 Z4 ?B 15& C ~5B! 1B 25 B =A BRs B ,4  nB H`F =A $6F B B ?A "5 (4 "5 ?B
Ki| hw` Zviv Dfq gxgvsmv Kvgbv Ki, Zvnj Avjvn Zv`iK
mnvqZv Kieb| wbqB Avjvn me I mewKQz AewnZ (wbmv 4/35)| 8A 4 ,A :F FW&F /B\5oF "4 ?B 7B HB B =5 4F?B   1H B  5 F>4 A .B A B ?A F F* B &F 7B HB B
eZt Dfq ci `~i`kx I Avjvnfxi AwffveKMY A_ev Kvb \B * B ,4 F ts B GK S5 76 hL B ZA K B 76 hL
B 4 5 B 76 Lh /BZA K B 16!B BZ<K * 5 4 A5 76 hL /BZ:4 -5 BAK &F
kwkvjx wbic msv Ges mevcwi ivxq msvi c miKvi GB
`vwqZ cvjb Kieb| Kbbv ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) Gikv` Kib, 4 A
B B4  G5 S nX, /tB*e BZF nB HF A GK F   B ,B F 14 5H vL 6 :5 K \
B K 5&5 /6B B GK 
F f4jF nB H`F GK S5B A :4 (B
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p F& 3=?

42. Qnxn Avey`vE` nv/1835; wZiwghx, Beby gvRvn cfw Z; BiIqv nv/1840, 6/243|
 25 26
:B B ?A "A (4 
5  A f4?B Fj :7* )  . 5 /)WF 45K B |
4 fB* 5 !A B :l.Vf )I  . ZvQvov Qvnvexi gid~ iIqvqvZ Zvi wbR^ gZvgZi wecixZ MnYxq
nq _vK|46
3\ 4 *5 4 A5 4 F n4 uF AK &F ]
4 B ZA `F Fo5S :F Fj B /TU4B B2B B 74 F B 16 B? B26 B &F
(M) GUv we`AvZ ej MY ne, Avi we`AvZ me`v cZvLvZ|
Avyjvn Beb Igi (ivt) nZ ewYZ nqQ h, wZwb ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)- ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) Gikv` Kib, / .B >B ZA &F B$A ,4 F =5 4F?B
B 4F  T B ?B
F 5 ?B "4 ,B h
Gi hvgvbvq ^xq xK FZzKvjxb mgq ZvjvK `b| ZLb Igi (ivt)
ew Ggb KvR Kij, h welq Avgv`i Kvb wb`k bB, Zv
D welq ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-K wRm Kib| wZwb Igi (ivt)-K
ejb, Avcwb Avyjvn&K ejyb hb m Zvi xK wdwiq bq I Ni cZvLvZ|47 ZvQvov 3.5 6 1
4 &5 )I F
F{B
M L B ) F
F{ B )I ?B 4 (5
M L B we`AvZi
ivL cieZx Zzni ch| AZtci m cybivq FZzeZx ne I FZzgy GKgv cwiYvg nj Zv| Avi Zvi cwiYvg Rvnvbvg|48
ne| ZLb BQv Kij m ZvK iL w`e A_ev mnevmi c~eB ZvjvK ge: hnZz GKwZ wZb ZvjvK cwe KziAvb I ivm~jyjvn (Qv:)-Gi
w`e| GUvB nj BZ ZvjvKcvv bvix`i Rb, hv Avjvn wbaviY mybvZ ewnf~Z mnZz Zv we`AvZ I cZvLvZ|
KiQb (eyLvix I gymwjg)| eyLvixi Aci eYbvq GmQ FZzKvjxb
Aevi D ZvjvKK GK ZvjvK MY Kiv nq| gymwjg-Gi Ab eYbvq wKQzB MY Kibwb A_ wewQbKvix ZvjvK MY Kibwb| eis GK
GmQ, Ave`yjvn Beb Igi ejb, AZtci Avjvni ivm~j (Qvt) xK ZvjvK ivRC MY KiQb, hv eyLvixi Aci eYbvq GmQ Ges hv
Avgvi wbKU wdwiq w`jb Ges wZwb GUvK wKQzB MY Kijb bv Dci ewYZ nqQ| Beby Zvqwgqvn ejb, =~W J: N f, >j P2
Ges ejjb, hLb m FZzgy ne, ZLb ZvK ZvjvK `vI A_ev iL /G*!( 7 :( )(@ ",
 GwU m~Y bZzb K_v| Qvnvev I
`vI|43
ZveCbi Kvi wbKU _K Gic K_v kvbv hvqwb|49
A_vr Beby Igi (ivt) FZzKvjxb mgq xK ZvjvK w`j Avjvn&i ivm~j
(Qvt) ZvK wdwiq wbZ ejb Ges wZwb GUvK wKQzB MY Kibwb 2q `ji `jxj mg~n :
(Avngv`, Avey `vE`, bvmvC)| Kbbv GwU wbqg ewnf~Z wQj| wbqg nj GB `j ejb, GKwZ wZb ZvjvK wZb ZvjvKB cwZZ ne| wK H
xK Zvi cweZvi iZ mnevmnxb Aevq ZvjvK c`vb Kiv| 44 ew MvbvnMvi ne (
5 B? GF FB )| Aek Bgvg hydvi-Gi gZ wZb
Abyicfve mybvZx ZixKvi evBi GKwZfve wZb ZvjvK w`j ZvK
ZvjvK cwZZ ne bv| eis c_K c_Kfve cwZZ ne| Kbbv GKwZ
wKQzB MY Kiv ne bv|
wZb ZvjvK `Iqv we`AvZ|50
DjL h, Beby Igi (ivt)-Gi wbR^ ivq GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK wZb
Zviv KziAvbx AvqvZmg~ni evLv `b Gfve h, KziAvb Dg cvwU
ZvjvK MY Kivi c wQj ej KD KD ge KiQb| wK GUvI
ewYZ nqQ| Zvi A_ GUv bq h, Gi wecixZUv Kij ZvjvK ne bv|
ewYZ nqQ h, wZwb ci Zvi D ivq nZ cZveZb Kib Ges wZb
KziAvbx wb`ki weivax njI wKZve, mybvn, BRgv, AvQvi I wKqvm
ZvjvKK GK ZvjvK MY Kib (hgb Dci DjwLZ eyLvixi Aci
eYbvq FZzKvjxb ZvjvKK GK ZvjvK MY Kivi K_v GmQ)|45
46. wdKm mybvn 2/296|
47. eyLvix I gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/140|
43. eyj
~ j gvivg nv/1006| 48. bvmvC nv/1579 C`vqbi Lyrev wKfve w`Z ne AbyQ`|
44. wdKm mybvn 2/296| 49. gvRg~Av dvZvIqv Beb Zvqwgqvn 33/82|
45. nvwkqv gynvjv 9/394| 50. n`vqv 2/355; Kz`~ix ct 170; kin eKvqv 2/63; wgiKvZ 6/293|
 27
viv cgvwYZ nq h, G Aevq wZb ZvjvK ne (Avj-wdKj Bmjvgx
7/410)| hgb-
(1) m~ivq evKvivn 236 AvqvZ ejv nqQ, "
4 ,5 =A F
M 
5 B 
F &F BZWF H`F GK E5&F
38A B 4aF - 4 bB OB <5 4B 16!B A :4 (B hw` m Zvi xK ZvjvK `q, Ze Zvi Rb
Zv Avi nvjvj bq, hZY bv x Ab ^vgxK weevn Ki|
A AvqvZ GKwZ wZb ZvjvK ev c_K c_K wZb ZvjvK, G welq
Kvb evLv `Iqv nqwb|51 ZvQvov 229 AvqvZi kl ejv nqQ,
hviv Avjvn&i mxgviLv AwZg Ki, Zviv hvjg| wK GKwZfve
wZb ZvjvK `IqvK nvivg ejv nqwb|52 AZGe GK gRwjm wZb
ZvjvK w`j wZb ZvjvK-B KvhKix ne|
Reve : (K) evKvivn 229-230 Ges m~ivq ZvjvK 1-2 AvqvZ BZ
Abyhvqx c_K c_Kfve ZvjvK `Iqvi `jxj (L) Qnxn nv`xQ
mg~n c_K c_Kfve ZvjvK `Iqvi weavb I evLv GmQ (M)
mxgv jsNb KivUvB wbwl nIqvi eo `jxj| hgb Ab ejv nqQ,
hviv wbR x I `vmx eZxZ AbK Kvgbv Ki, Zviv mxgv jsNbKvix
(gywgb~b 23/6-7)|Gi A_ wK Zvnj Ab gwnjvi m hbv Kiv nvjvj
ne? (bvEhywejvn)| (N) ZvjvK w`jB hw` x nvivg nq hvq, Zvnj
D AvqvZi Aaxb FZz Aevi ZvjvK, mnevmKZ cwe Aevi
ZvjvK MY ne wK? Abyicfve GK gRwjm GKwZ wZb ZvjvKI MY
ne bv|
(2) IqvBwgi AvRjvbx ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-Gi DcwwZZ Zuvi wb`ki
c~eB ^xq xK wZb ZvjvK `b|53 GY hw` GK mv_ wZb ZvjvK
`IqvUv bvni KvR nZ, Zvnj ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) Dnv ^xKvi Ki
wbZb bv|
51. hv`yj gvAv` 5/230|
52. wgiKvZ 6/293|
53. eyLvix I gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3304 wjAvb AbyQ`|
28
Reve : GLvb ^vgxi c _K xi wei hbvi AwfhvM wQj Ges
jAvbi NUbv wQj| wbqg nj: Dfqc jAvbi dj mv_ mv_
weevn weQ` NU hvq| c_Kfve ZvjvK `Iqvq Kvb cqvRb nq bv|
AZGe mvaviY Aevi ZvjvKi m jAvbK Zzjbv Kiv Pj bv| GB
mgq wZb ZvjvK ejvUv evj K_v gv| ZvQvov eyLvixi eYbvq GmQ
ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-Gi wb`ki AvMB m wZb ZvjvK `q| AZGe Gi
Kvb KvhKvwiZv bB|
(3) Avqkv (ivt) eYbv Kib h, widvAvn Zvi xK wZb ZvjvK `b|
AZtci x Ab weevn Ki| wK mLvbI ZvjvKcvv nq| ZLb H
gwnjv Zvi c~e ^vgxi mv_ cybivq weevwnZ nZ cvie wK-bv, G welq
ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-Gi wbKU Gm wRm Kiv nj wZwb ejb, hZY bv
m wZxq ^vgxi mv_ mnevm Kie|54
Reve : D nv`xQ GK gRwjm wZb ZvjvKi K_v bB| eis m ZvK
^vfvweK wbqg wZb Zzni wZb ZvjvK w`qwQj ejB eySZ ne|
Kbbv ivm~ji hvgvbvq evqb ZvjvK ejZ wZb Zzni ZvjvKB
eySvZv|
(4) Avey nvd&Q Bebyj gyMxivn Avj-gvLh~gx Zvi x dvZgv webZ
KvqmK wZb ZvjvK w`q Lvwj` Beby Iqvjx` (ivt)-Gi mv_ Bqvgb
Pj hvb| ZLb D x ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-Gi wbKU Gm wRm Kijb
BZ cvjbKvj Zvi Lvicvl mK| ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) ejjb, GB
mgq Zvi Rb Kvb Lvicvl bB| Ze hw` Zzwg MfeZx nI (A_vr
mvb cme nIqv ch Zzwg Lvicvl cve)| 55
Reve : A nv`xQ GK gRwjm wZb ZvjvKi Kvb K_v bB| eis Ab
eYbvq AvjevvZv k GmQ| hv viv evqb ZvjvK eySvbv nq| Avi
wZb ZvjvK evqb cvv xi Rb ^vgxi c nZ Kvb Lvicvli
`vwqZ bB|
54. eyLvix I gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3295|
55. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3324|
 29 30
(L) gymwjg-Gi eYbvq (nv/1480) cwivi GmQ ]
I W x
5 
F hF B Q5 F
kl ZZxq ZvjvK ej| AZGe GwU h wZb gvm wZb ZvjvK wQj,
ZvZ Kvb m`n bB|56
(5) Dev`vn web QvwgZ (ivt) ejb, Avgvi `v`v Zvi xK GKm
1000 ZvjvK `b| ZLb Avgvi Avev ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi `ievi Mjb|
ivm~j (Qvt) ZvK ejjb, Zvgvi `v`v ZvjvK `Iqvi mgq AvjvnK
fq Kiwb| Zvi AwaKvi gv wZbwU| evKx 997wU evovevwo I hyjg
nqQ| Avjvn PvBj ZvK Avhve w`eb, PvBj gv Kieb|57
Reve : nv`xQwU hCd I gIh~|58
(6) Avyjvn web Igi (ivt) Zvui xK FZz Aevq ZvjvK `b|
AZtci evKx `yB FZzi mgq evKx `yB ZvjvK w`Z D`Z nb| GLei
ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kvb Mj wZwb ejb, n Avyjvn! Gfve Avjvn
ZvgvK wb`k `bwb| wbqB Zzwg wbqg fyj KiQ (A_vr xK cwe RbK cvqyKvgxK Ges Avjx (ivt) ZuvK Avjvn&i AeZvi `vexKvix GK
Aevq ZvjvK w`Z ne)| ...ZLb Beb Igi ejjb, n ivm~j (Qvt)!
hw` Avwg wZb ZvjvK w`Zvg, Zvnj wK xK wdwiq wbZ cviZvg?
ivm~j (Qvt) ejjb, bv| m c_K nq hZ Ges Zvgvi Mvbvn nZ
(`vivKzrbx)|
Reve : nv`xQwU gybKvi| Qnxn nv`xQ mg~n Gi wecixZ ewYZ nqQ|59
(7) Avbvm (ivt) _K ewYZ, ivm~j (Qvt) ejb, h ew we`AvZx
cvq ZvjvK w`e, Avgiv Zvi we`AvZK Zvi Dci Acwinvh Ki
`e|
Reve : nv`xQwU gybKvi|60
56. hv`yj gvAv` 5/204|
57. Zvivivbx, gyQvbvd Avyi ivhhvK, gyQvbvd Beby Avex kvqevn|
58. wmjwmjv hvCdv nv/1211|
59. gynvjv 9/392 UxKv; `vivKzrbx, BiIqv nv/2054, nv/2054, 7/119|
60. gynvjv 9/393 UxKv|
(8) Igi (ivt) LjvdZKvj ejb, jvKiv ZvjvKi evcvi Lye Rj`x
KiQ| A_P m KvR Zv`i AeKvk `Iqv nqwQj| GY hw` KD
Gic Rj`x Ki, Ze Avgiv Zvi Dci mUv Rvwi Ki `e|61
Reve : GwU wQj Igi (ivt)-Gi BRZnv` gv| Zv viv ivRC ZvjvK-
Gi KziAvbx cwZK evwZj Kiv hvq bv| Igi (ivt) GwU KiwQjb
jvK`i fq `Lvevi Rb mvgwqK KVviZv wnmve| wK GZ Zvi
Dk gvUB nvwQj nqwb weavq gZzi c~e wZwb jwZ nq `ytL cKvk
KiwQjb|62
Lyjvdvq ivk`xbi BRwZnv` chvjvPbv :
Abyicfve AviI BRwZnv`x NUbvmg~n iqQ| hgb g` cvbKvixK
Igi dviK (ivt) 80 eZ gvib| Zvi gv_v gyb Kib I `kQvov
Kib| A_P ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) md 40 eZ giwQjb|63 AveyeKi (ivt)
`j wh`xKK Rxe cywoq giwQjb| A_P Avjvn&i ivm~j (Qvt) Kvb
cvYxK Avb cywoq gviZ wbla KiQb| Qvnvevq Kivg Mfvev
`LB hbvi kvw Ges g`i M cqB g`cvbi kvw w`qwQjb
mvxi Acv Kibwb|64
g`xbvi evRvi jvK mgvMg ew cvIqv IQgvb MYx (ivt) RygAvi
Lyrevi mgq g~j Avhvbi c~e hvIiv evRvi AviKwU Avhvbi cPjb
Kijb (eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/1404)| Ggwbfve wLjvdZ ivwk`vn&i hyM
mgq I cwZ weePbvq BRwZnv`i wfwZ AbK wKQz ckvmwbK
wb`k mvgwqKfve Rvwi Kiv nqwQj| cvi Gjvnx weavb wPib I
wPivqx|
(9) Beby gvmE` I Beby Avevm (ivt) _K eYbv GmQ h, hw` KD
ZvjvK `q GK_v ej h, Avgvi xi Dci Avmgvbi ZviKvivwRi
61. gymwjg nv/1472|
62. Bebyj KvBwqg, BMvQvZzj jvndvb (Kvqiv : `viZ ZzivQ Avj-Avivex 1403/1983)
1/276|
63. AvIbyj gve~` nv/2171-Gi fvl; 6/242|
64. Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjb (Wim w_wmm), ct 190|
 31
msLvq ZvjvK w`jvg| Zuviv ejb, Gi viv cqvRbxq msLK wZb
ZvjvKB cwZZ ne| evKx me eKvi ne| Kvhx ivBn ejb, hw` KD
cw_exi mKj bvixi ^vgx nq I Gfve ZvjvK `q, Ze Zvi Dci mKj
xB nvivg nq hve|65
(10) Beby Avevm (ivt) _K Ab GKwU AvQvi ejv nqQ h,
GKwZ wZb ZvjvK `vbKvix ^vgxK wZwb ejZb, hw` Zzwg Avjvn&K
fq KiZ, Zvnj Zvgvi Rb wZwb GKUv c_ ei Ki w`Zb| A_vr
wZb ZvjvK GK `Iqvi dj GLb Zvgvi Rb me c_ e nq
MQ|66
Reve : GgwbZiv e AvQvi gyIqvv gvjK, gyQvbvd Beb Avex
kvqev, gyQvbvd Avyi ivhhvK, `vivKzrbx cfwZZ GmQ| hvi AwaKvsk
hCd, gybKvi, gIh~ I KqKUv Qnxn wK Gwj AMnYhvM| KviY
eyLvix I gymwjg Beby Avevm (ivt) _KB Gi weivax ee gIR~`
iqQ| hLvb ivm~ji I AveyeKii hvgvbvq Ges Igii hvgvbvq c_g
`yB ev wZb eQi GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK GK ZvjvK MY Kiv nZ ej
ejv nqQ|
Beby Avevm (ivt)-Gi ivq chvjvPbv :
Beby Avevm (ivt) nZ ZvEm cgyLvr AveyQ Qvnev ewYZ c~e DjwLZ
nv`xQ AvjvPbv kl kvqL bvwQixb Avjevbx (int) ejb, GKwZ
Lz hw` xb gvbyli ivq Abyhvqx nZ, Zvnj
wZb ZvjvK welq Beby Avevm (ivt)-Gi `ywU gZ cwijwZ nq| GK-
wZb ZvjvKB cwZZ ne| AwaKvsk eYbv Gi cB| `yB- GKwU gv
ZvjvK cwZZ ne | hgb BKwigvi Qnxn m~ Avey`vE` eYbv Kib, oS
vT ! 1Z& ! 7I XF ( Thh nC ` |
5 $ j hLb ^vgx GK mv_ eje,
ZvgvK wZb ZvjvK ZLb Zv GKwU ej MY ne| Beby Avevm
(ivt)-Gi klv gZwU MnY Kiv Avgv`i Rb IqvwRe| G KviY h
Gi c ZvDm cgyL nZ gymwjg cfwZ M gid~ I Qnxn nv`xQ mg~n
65. gyQvbvd Beby Avex kvqevn 4/13 ZvjvK Aavq 13 AbyQ`|
66. Zvnvfx, gynvjv 9/393|
32
ewYZ nqQ| Avey`vE` ejb h, Beby Avevm (ivt) Zuvi c_g gZ
nZ kvlv gZi w`K cZveZb KiwQjb|67
hywi `jxj :
KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQi weavb gIR~` _vKZ mLvb Kvi Kvb
ivq ev hyw Pj bv (Avnhve 33/36)| ZvjvKi weavb cwe KziAvb
ewYZ nIqv mI Ges ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbv, AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi
LjvdZKvj Ges Igi (ivt)-Gi LjvdZKvji c_g `yB ev wZb eQi
KziAvbx ZvjvKi eve cPjb _vKvi ciI GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK wZb
ZvjvK evqb MY Kivi c_v Pvjy nq g~jZt wKQz hywi `vnvB co| hv
c~ei AvjvPbvq cgvwYZ nq MQ| wK ck nj, Avgiv wK hywi
AbymiY Kie? bv mybvn&i AbymiY Kie?
Igi dviK (ivt) wbR n ZvgvzK Acm` KiZb| A_P Zuvi eo
Qj Avyjvn web Igi (ivt) n Zvgvz Kib| dj jvK`i cki
Reve wZwb ejwQjb, =A yB fB6p GK  n
p !B  7 =?  1  L >&
B B ?A )L  d ivm~ji mybvZ AwaK AbymiY hvM, bv Igii mybvZ? 68
Abyicfve nhiZ Avjx (ivt) ejb,

L X_ G< l( "A  G >
38_? ", O*( 
gvhvi Dci gvmvn Kivi Pq Zvi bxP gvmvn Kiv AwaK Dg nZ|69
Igi dviK (ivt) wbtm`n fvj wbqZ KvR KiwQjb I ZvjvKi
evcvi AvBbx KVviZv Avivc KiwQjb| kvmK wnmve Gic mvgwqK
AwaKvi Bmjvgx Avgxi`i iqQ| wK GUvZv gvbZB ne h, Gjvnx
weavb wPib| ZvB hZ KVviZvB `Lvbv nK bv Kb, `yej Rxe gvbyl
hKvb mgq mxgv AwZg Ki hZ cvi Ges mUvB nqQ| dj D
KVviZvi cwiYvg wbKwZi c_ bv cq Zvnjxj-Gi bvq bvsiv c_
eQ wbZ gymwjg ^vgx-x eva nqQ Ges AvRI nQ| AZGe
67. Avjevbx, BiIqvDj Mvjxj 7/121-22|
68. gymbv` Avngv` 2/95|
69. Qnxn Avey`vE` nv/147|
 33
Avgv`i DwPZ wQj KziAvbx ZvjvK weavbi w`K wdi hvIqv| wK bv
wMq GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK wZb ZvjvK MY Kivi KVvi I we`AvZx
c_vK wUwKq ivLvi Rb Avgv`i Ijvgvq Kivg wewfb hywi
AeZviYv KiQb| hgb-
(1) cvwKvbi cavb gydZx gvIjvbv gynvv` kdx ^xq Zvdmxi D
AvqvZi my`i AvjvPbv kl GK wZb ZvjvK wkivbvg ejb, G
cki hywwfwK Di GB h, Kvb KvRi cvc KvR nIqv Zvi
cwZwqvi c_ evavi mw Ki bv| Abvqfve nZv Kiv cvc njI
hvK jx Ki ev Kvb Ai AvNvZ nZv Kiv nq, m wbnZ nqB
hvq| GB jx eafve Kiv nj, wK Aeafve Kiv nqQ, mRb gZz
Acv Ki bv| Pzwi me aggZB cvc, wK h A_-m` PvivB c_
cvPvi Kiv nq, Zv Zv nvZQvov nqB wMqQ| Ggwbfve hveZxq Abvq
I cvci GKB Aev h, Gi Abvq I cvc nIqv Gi cwZwqvi
Kvb evavi mw Ki bv| GB g~jbxwZi wfwZ kixAvZ c` bxwZ-
wbqgi cwZ c bv Ki cqvRb eZxZ ^xq mg gZvK kl
Ki `qv Ges GKB m wZb ZvjvK w`q wbKwZ jvf Kiv hw`I ivm~j
(Qvt)-Gi Amwi KviY, hv c~eeZx eYbvq DjL Kiv nqQ, GRb
mgM DZ GKevK GK wbK cv ej DjL KiQ Ges KD KD
bvRvqhI ejQ, wK Zv mI hw` KD G c`c bq, Ze Gi
djvdjI ZvB ne, ea c_ AMmi nj hv nq| A_vr wZb ZvjvK nq
hve Ges ay cZvnvi bq, weevn eb bevqbi myhvMI Avi _vKe bv|
h~i (mvt)-Gi gxgvsmvB G evcvi eo cgvY h, wZwb Am nqI wZb
ZvjvKB KvhKix KiQb| nv`xm M Abyic e NUbvi eYbv
iqQ|70
Reve : A_P Avgiv `LZ cvB h, KziAvb ewYZ c_g `ywU ZvjvKK
ZvjvK ejv njI Zv e`yKi jxi gZ wQj bv| Kbbv Zv wQj ivRC
ZvjvK| hv w`j xK dir cvIqv hvq| A_P e`yKi jxZ Kvi
ivRAvZ nq bv eis gZz nq| wZxqZt ivm~j (Qvt) Am njI wZb
70. evbyev` Zvdmxi gvAvidzj KviAvb, Abyev` I mv`bv : gvIjbv gywnDxb Lvb
1413 wnt, ct 128|
34
ZvjvK KvhKix KiQb- Ggb Kvb we `jxj Kv_vI bB, BwZc~ei
AvjvPbvq hv cgvwYZ nqQ|
(2) cvwKvbi AbZg LvZbvgv Avjg gvIjvbv gI`~`x ^xq Zvdmxi
D welqi c hyw w`q wMq ejb, Gi Dcgv `Iqv hvq h, Kvb
GK wcZv Zvi QjK wZb kZ UvKv w`q ejjb, ZzwgB G UvKvi
gvwjK, hfve BQv Zzwg G UvKv LiP KiZ cvi| Gici wZwb ZvK
Dc`k w`q ejjb, h A_ Avwg ZvgvK w`jvg Zv Zzwg mZKZvi
mv_ Dchy gv^q LiP Kie hvZ Zv _K h_vh_ DcKvi
cZ cvi| Avgvi Dc`ki Zvqvv bv Ki Zzwg hw` AmZKfve
Abvq Zv LiP Ki wKsev mg A_ GKmv_ LiP Ki dj
Zvnj wZM ne| Gici Avwg LiP Kivi Rb Avi Kvb UvKv-
cqmv ZvgvK w`e bv| GLb wcZv hw` GB A_i cyivUv QjK Av`
bv `q, Zvnj m Gme Dc`ki Kvb A_B nq bv| hw` Ggb
nq h, Dchy QvovB Qj Zv LiP KiZ PvQ, wK UvKv Zvi
cKU _K ei nQ bv A_ev cyiv wZb kZ UvKv LiP Ki djv
mI gv GKkZ UvKvB Zvi cKU _K ei nQ Ges mevevq
`yBkZ UvKv Zvi cKUB _K hvQ, Zvnj GB Dc`ki Av`
Kvb cqvRb bB|71
Reve : `yfvM wZwb wZbwU ZvjvKK wZbkZ UvKvi mv_ Zzjbv KiQb|
UvKv hw` nvwiq hvq ev KD Pzwi ev wQbZvB Ki bq, ev KvDK nvw`qv
`Iqv nq, Zvnj wK UvKvi Dci Kvb gvwjKvbv _vK? GQvov UvKv
GKwU e gv, hv dj w`j PzK Mj| wK ZvjvK wK ZvB? ZvjvKi
wbw` wbqg-cwZ AvQ, hv bv gvbj ZvjvK wnmve MY nq bv| Gi
m `ywU Rxeb, msmvi I mvb cvjbi `vqeZv RwoZ AvQ| GK
djbv gb Kivi Kvb KviY bB| Avi mKviYB ivm~j (Qvt) z nq
`uvwoq wMq ejwQjb, Avjvn&i wKZve wbq Ljv nQ? Avgiv wK ZvB
KiwQ bv? ivm~ji GB vaK mvRv A_ MnY bv Ki Avgiv evuKv A_
MnY KiwQ Ges Zuvi vai KviY GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK Avgiv wZb
71. Zvdnxgyj KziAvb, Abyev`: gvIjvbv gyRvwj nK (XvKv : AvaywbK cKvkbx 3q msiY
1997), 17/210 ct|
 35
ZvjvK MY KiwQ| Kvj wKqvgZi gvV ivm~j (Qvt) hw` z nq
kvdvAvZ bv Kib, ZLb we Ijvgvq Kivg wK RIqvew`nx Kieb,
fe `LQb wK?
DjL h, gvIjvbv gI`~`x ^xq Zvdnxgyj KziAvb m~ivq evKvivn&i
Dciv AvqvZi Zvdmxi KiZ wMq `xN AvjvPbvi AeZviYv
KiQb72 Ges GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK wZb ZvjvK MY Kivi c 3wU
nv`xQ I Ab~b 11wU AvQvi ck KiQb| ckKZ nv`xQ mg~ni ga
wZbwUB hCd I gybKvi| Gici Qvnvevq Kivgi Dw ev AvQviwji
cvq meB gyQvbvd Ave`yi ivhhvK, gyQvbvd Beb Avex kvqev, gyIqvv,
`vivKzrbx, Avey`vE`, Zvnvfx cfwZ M _K Pqb Kiv nqQ| hvi ga
(K) Beby Avevm (ivt) _K PviwU AvQvi-Gi wZbwU Qnxn I hCd (L)
Beby gvmE` (ivt) _K `ywU AvQvi-Gi GKwU hCd I GKwU Qnxn (M)
nhiZ IQgvb I Avjx (ivt) _K `ywU AvQvi-Gi GKwU hCd I GKwU
gIh~ ev Rvj| evKxwji AevI Abyic| h mg AvQvi Qnxn m~
ewYZ mwj eyLvix I gymwjg ewYZ gIKd nv`xQi weivax nIqvq
AMnYhvM| gvIjvbv gI`~`x Igi (ivt)-Gi hyMi Kw_Z BRgv viv
ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi I AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi hyMi cPwjZ mybvnK AMnYhvM
ejZ PqQb|73 hv wbZvB AhwK|
cvi Beby Avevm (ivt) ewYZ I eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ Qnxn gid~
nv`xQwj, hLvb cwivifve ejv nqQ h, ivm~j (Qvt), AveyeKi I
Igii hyMi c_g `yB ev wZb eQi GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK GK ZvjvK
MY Kiv nZ| Zvi c gvIjvbv Kvb K_v ejbwb| wZwb we`AvZx
ZvjvKi c hyw ck KijI KziAvb I mybvZ beexi c hyw
ck Kibwb|
(3) wgkKvZ kixdi evsjv Abyev`K gvIjvbv b~i gvnvv` AvRgx
ejb, gvng~` web jex`i nv`xQ (18bs) nBZ eySv hvq h, GKmv_
wZb ZvjvK `Iqv we`AvZ I nvivg| Zveqxb`i ga nRiZ ZvDQ I
72. H, evbyev` ct 199-210|
73. Zvdnxgyj KziAvb, Abyev`: gvIjvbv gyRvwj nK (XvKv: AvaywbK cKvkbx 3q msiY
1997), ct 203-4|
36
BKigv ejb, hnZz Bnv mybvZi wecixZ AZGe BnvK mybvZ
Abymvi GK ZvjvKB (iRqx) MY KwiZ nBe| Qvnvex`i ga nRiZ
Ave`yjvn web AvevQ ejb, ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) I AveyeKi I Igii
LjvdZi `yB eQi Kvj (GKmv_) wZb ZvjvK GK ZvjvKB wQj|
AZtci nhiZ Igi ewjjb,.. myZivs GLb nBZ Avgv`i BnvK (wZb
ZvjvK ic) KvhKix Kwiqv `IqvB DwPZ| ivex ejb, AZtci wZwb
DnvK KvhKix KwiqvwQjb|
wK Rg&i Qvnvev, Zveqxb I BgvgMY mKjB ejb, GKmv_ wZb
ZvjvK `Iqv e`AvZ I Mvbvn&i KvR, Ze BnvZ wZb ZvjvK nBqv
hvBe|... gvUK_v, G AvjvPbv viv... `Lv Mj h, Bnvi Dci
gyRZvwn` QvnvexMYi BRgv nBqv wMqvQ Ges cieZx BgvgMYI Bnvi
Dci GKgZ nBqvQb|74
Reve : BRgv-Gi `vex AMnYhvM| Kbbv BRgv ejZ DZi
HKgZ eySvq| A_P mKj Qvnvex G welq GKgZ nbwb| hv Avgiv
BwZc~e `L GmwQ| wZxqZt BRgvq Qvnvev mybvZ beexK evwZj
KiZ cvi bv| ZZxqZt cieZx mKj Bgvg G evcvi GKgZ nbwb|
AZGe BRgv-i `vex AhwK|
(4) evLvix kixdi evsjv Abyev`K gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK wekl
`et wkivbvg ejb,
GK m wZb ZvjvK w`j wZb ZvjvK cewZZ nIqv BnvB c~evci mKj
BgvgMYi wi wmv|...wewk BgvgMYi ci D welq wfb gZvgZI
`Lv w`qvwQj eU, wK Zvnv AZ `yej I mg_nxb Ges AwZ y`
GKwU jv-gRnvex Dc`ji ga mxgve wQj| `ytLi welq AvLix
hvgvbvi agxq wechqi mvZ H `yej gZvgZI fvwmqv AvwmqvQ Ges
AcvKZ mnR myjf nIqvq ZvnvI GK kYxi jvKi mnvqZv cy
nBqv e gyLi PPvi e Bnqv DwVqvQ|75
74. evbyev` gkKvZ kixd (XvKv : Gg`vw`qv jvBeix 2q gy`Y , 1987) 6/319-20|
75.evbyev` : evLvix kixd (XvKv : nvwgw`qv jvBeix, 5g msiY 1417/1997) 6/167|
 37
wZwb ejb, GK m wZb ZvjvK hw` ay GK ZvjvK MY nBZ, Ze
GLvb nhiZi Hic va I Amwi Kvb KviYB wQj bv; GK ZvjvK
`Iqvi Kvb NUbvq nhiZ (Qvt) Hic ivMvw^Z I Am nBqvQb
ewjqv Kv_vI `Lv hvq bv| ...myZivs GK wZb ZvjvK `Iqv
KviAvbi weavb cv AwaKvi AbvekK cqvM KivB mve nq, hvnv
KviAvb wbqv Ljv KiviB bvgvi| wK Ljv KiZt KvnviI Dci
AvNvZ Kwij mB AvNvZi cwiYvg cwZwqv AekB cewZZ nq Ges
mB RbB Hic Ljv ivM I Amw KviY nBqv _vK|76
Reve : G welq h wfbgZ AvQ, mK_v wZwb wbRB ^xKvi KiQb|
wK Zv`iK jv-gRnvex ej gbi Svj wgwUqQb| hUv Kvb gynvwQ
wevbi Ges Kvb wbic vbx Avjgi AvPiY nZ cvi bv| wZwb
ivm~ji vaK civqv bv KijI Avgiv Avjvn I Avjvn&i ivm~ji
va _K euvPZ PvB|
(5) gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx ejb, GK m wZb ZvjvK w`j
ZvnvI ZvjvK| hgb, hw` Kn Zvi xK ej h, ZvK wZb ZvjvK ev
GBic ej ZvK ZvjvK ZvK ZvjvK ZvK ZvjvK, Ze wZb
ZvjvK nBqv evqb gvMvjvhv nBqv hvBe|77
(6) gvIjvbv gynvv` Ave`yi inxg ejb, ^vgx xK GK m wKsev
mybZx wbqg wZb ZvjvK w`j m xK wdwiq ivLvi Kvbv Dcvq _vK
bv| m Zvi Rb nvivg nq hvq, nvivg nq hvq- ejZ ne- wPiZi,
Ze kixqZ GKwU gv DcvqB Dby ivLv nqQ| Zv njvt m
xjvKwU Aci ^vgx weq Kie| Zvici mB wZxq ^vgx hw` ZvjvK
`q Zvi ci hw` Zviv cybwgwjZ nZ Pvq Ges Avjvn&i weavb Kvqg
ivLZ cvie ej hw` gb Ki, Zvnj Zv`i `yRbi cybivq weevwnZ
nZ Kvb `vl bB (evKvivn 230)|
wK hw` ivMi ekeZx nq A_ev cwiYvg mK AZvi KviY
GKm wZb ZvjvKB w`q `q,...Gici h `ytL I AbyZvc RvM ^vgxi
76. cv 6/167-68|
77. evbyev` enkZx RIi, Abyev`: gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK dwi`cyix (XvKv : Gg`vw`qv
jvBeix, 9g gy`Y 1990), wZxq fwjDg, 4_ L ct 32|
38
Ai, Zvi cwZKvii Kvbv DcvqB _vK bv Zvi nvZ| AbK
Avevi `Lv hvq, wZb ZvjvK `Iqvi ciI ^vgx-x wnme Zviv emevm
KiZ _vK| G nQ myic wRbvi Aev, wbtm`n Zv nvivg|
ZvB Kvbv jvKiB GK m wZb ZvjvK `Iqv DwPZ bq| Gi cwiYvg
ZvjvK`vZv ^vgxKB fvM KiZ nq| Avi m cwiYvg AZ `ytLgq,
wbZv Aevbxq Ges AZ ggvvwK|78
ge : mKji GKB `jxq myi| Awn-i weavbK hyw w`q Lb Kivi
AcPv gv| A_P Cgvbi `vex nj- Awn-i weavbi c hyw ck
Kiv, wec bq| AnZzK weZK bq, wKZve I mybvZi cwZ AUzU
AvbyMZi gaB BnKvjxb gj I ciKvjxb gyw wbwnZ|
Pvi Bgvgi cwZ m^ chvjvPbv
GK gRwjm wZb ZvjvKK wZb ZvjvK MY Kivi welqwU AbymiYxq Pvi
Bgvgi cwZ m^ Kiv nq _vK| wK welqwUZ Avgiv wbw bB|
Kbbv cieZxKvj Ggb e wKQz Zuv`i gvhnve wnmve Pvjy nqQ, h
welq Zvu`i _K Kvb we eYbv m~ bB| Kbbv Pvi Bgvgi ga
kvdC (int) eZxZ evKx wZbRbi KDB dK&nx welq Kvb M iPbv
Ki hvbwb| GY Zuv`i gvhnve ej MnxZ gvmAvjv mg~ni msKjb
wnmve h mKj weivU weivU wdK&nM cieZxKvj iwPZ I cPvwiZ
nqQ, cixvq `Lv hve h, mwjZ msKwjZ AwaKvsk gvmAvjv
wKsev mejvB Zuv`i Abymvix cieZx wevbMYi iwPZ| Aveyj dvrn
gynvv` web Aveyj nvmvb Beby `vKxKzj C` (gZt 702 wnt) Pvi gvhnve
cPwjZ Qnxn nv`xQ weivax drIqv mg~ni GKwU weivU msKjb Zix
KiwQjb| hvi f~wgKvZ wZwb NvlYv KiQb h, GB gvmAvjvwj
Pvi Bgvgi bvg Pvi gvhnve Pvjy _vKjI GjvK Zuv`i w`K
mwKZ Kiv nvivg| Gwji gvag Zuv`i Dci wg_vivc Kiv nqQ
gv| Avjvgv Zvd&Zvhvbx, kvivex, AwjDjvn `njfx, gvjv gyCb wmx,
Ave`yj nvB jvex cgLy wevbMY mKjB GK_v ^xKvi KiQb|79
78. cwievi I cvwievwiK Rxeb (BmjvwgK dvDkb evsjv`k, 1g cKvk 1983), ct
597, 596|
79. Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjb (WiU w_wmm), ct 172|
 39
(1) Dcgnv`ki AbZg k nvbvdx Avjg gvIjvbv Avyj nvB
jvex GKwZ wZb ZvjvK mwKZ GK cki Reve ejb, GB
Aevq nvbvdx gvhnve Abyhvqx wZb ZvjvK cwZZ ne Ges Zvnjxj
eZxZ Zvi mv_ c~e ^vgxi cybweevn wm ne bv|
wK Ggb hiix Aevq hgb ^vgxi wbKU _K D gwnjvi c_K nIqv
KwVb wKsev ZvZ wZi AvksKv ekx, mB Aevq Ab Kvb Bgvgi
ZvKjx` Kivq wZ bB| hgb Gi `v iqQ wbiw ^vgxi | (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq Ges Avey eKi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq I Igi (ivt)-Gi
GLvb nvbvdxMY Bgvg gvjK (int)-Gi gvhnve (Pvi eQi)-Gi Dci
Avgj Kiv Rvqh gb Kib| Ze wZb ZvjvKi GUvB Dg ne
h, H ew hb Kvb kvdC Avjgi wbKU _K drIqv Rb wbq
Zvi Dci Avgj Ki [dvZvIqv ikxw`qvn (KivPx : gynvv` Avjx KviLvbvq
KzZez , Zvwe), ct 462]|
(2) AbZg miv Avjg gvIjvbv ikx` Avngv` MvsMvnx GKwZ wZb
ZvjvKK wZb ZvjvK MY Kib Ges nvjvj eZxZ cybweevni Kvb
c_ Lvjv bB ej drIqv `b (H, ct 462)| wK Zuvi wbR^ gZ ev
gvmjvK wnmve eYbv Kib h, h gvmAvjvq Qvnvev I gyRZvwn`MYi
ga gZf` iqQ, m gvmAvjvq wbRi ZvnKxK Abyhvqx ev Kvb
nKcx gyRZvwn`-Gi ZvKjx`K AMMY gb Ki Zvi Dci Avgj
Kie| weivax gZK Kvbic wZivi Kie bv| eis hiix Aevq Zvi
Dci Avgj Kie| G KviY G `yej ev`v nvbvdx gvhnvei nIqv
mI Ab Kvb gvhnvei AbymvixK wZivi Ki bv Ges wbRi
gvhnvhKI Ah_v Abi Dci cvab w`Z PwZ nq bv|... cqvRb
kvdC gvhnvei Dci Avgj Kivq Kvb `vl bB| Ze mUv hb
bdmi Lvnk c~iYi Dk bv nq| eis hw` kviC `jxji wfwZ
nq Zvnj ZvZ Kvb `vl bB (H, ct 4)|
3q `ji `jxj mg~n :
GB `j ejb, mnevmKZ bvixi Dci wZb ZvjvK eZve I mnevmnxb
bvixi Dci GK ZvjvK eZve| Zuv`i `jxj wbgic :
(1) Avey`vE` ewYZ AveyQ Qvnev cgLy vr Beby Avevmi nv`xQ, hLvb
ejv nqQ-
40
1_F?B vT B _5!B B2>4 L:B -B BZ(5
F QA 4 B GK K
F f4jF Th F hF =A BFB ,4 S5 nB H`F FoS5s GF F
F -A 6  GH F
_6F&F /BB ?A v5 .B B,S5 "4 ,e .4
B B I <K (B 14 (5F B 7B HB B =5 4F?B   1H B  5  5 >4 A .B 5 Z4 ?B
374 Z5 4F?B "6 2A 4 A 4-5  :F Fj BZ4&5 4>:A (BBB 4 jF } B 6 A B ?A lB.
A_vr Kvb ew hLb Zvi xK mnevmi c~eB wZb ZvjvK w`Z,
jvKiv ZvK GK ZvjvK MY KiZ| GB wbqg Rvwi wQj ivm~jyjvn
hvgvbvi c_g w`K| AZtci hLb Igi D evcvi jvK`i eZv
`LZ cvb, ZLb ejb, GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK I`i Dci Rvwi Ki
`vI|80
Reve : D nv`xQ GKwU K_v ewaZfve GmQ, BZ(5

F QA 4 6 GK 
F f4jF A_vr
H x hvi mv_ ^vgx GLbI mnevm Kiwb| Avjevbx ejb h, GB
AskwU gybKvi Ges Qnxn gymwjg-Gi iIqvZi wecixZ| AZGe Gi
A_ nj GB h, mnevmKZ nDK ev bv nDK mKj weevwnZv bvixi
m hyM GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK GK ZvjvK MY Kiv nZ|81
(2) Igi (ivt) KZK wZb ZvjvKK wZb ZvjvK MY Kivq wmvwU
mnevmKZ bvixi chvR Ges AveyQ Qvnev cgLy vr Beby Avevm
ewYZ nv`xQwU mnevmnxb bvixi chvR| GfveB Dfq nv`xQi
ga mg^q Kiv me Ges GUvB wKqvmi AbyKzj|
Reve : Beby Avevm ewYZ Avey`vE`i nv`xQi D AskwU gybKvi| hv
BwZc~e DjwLZ nqQ| AZtci Igi dviK (ivt)-Gi wmvwU
BRZnv`x| hv KziAvb I mybvn c` kviC ZvjvK weavbK evwZj KiZ
cvi bv| AZGe GB `ji ee `jxj mZ bq| we wKqvmiI
AbyK~j bq|
80. Avey`vE` nv/2199|
81. wmjwmjv hvCdvn nv/1133; BiIqv 7/122|

4_ `ji `jxj mg~n :
GB `j ejb h, GKwZ wZb ZvjvK GK ZvjvK ivRC wnmve MY
ne| BZKvji ga ivRAvZi gvag Ges BZ kl nj bZzb
weevni gvag xK diZ wbZ cvie| Zuv`i `jxj :
(1) Beby Avevm (ivt) ejb,
"5 4BB_B B I <K (B 14 (5F B 7B HB B 
41 42
(2) Avey Qvnev GK`v Beby Avevm (ivt)-K ck Kib,
7B H_B B =5 4F?B 
 16 B 1e f56 5 Z4 ?B 1F?B vT 5 !B B
L :B 4 A x L  F M |
5 $BF B$6F 7A F:4 BF
/47:B $B :} I 6f?B "A (4 F FW&F B B ?A v5 .B B,S5 "4 ,5 Th
F hF B I <K (B 14 (5F B
Avcwb wK Rvbb h, ivj~jyjvn (Qvt), Avey eKi (ivt) I Igi (ivt)-Gi
LjvdZi c_g w`K wZb eQi GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK GK ZvjvK MY
 =5 4F?B 
 1H B  5  5 >4 A .B 5 Z4 ?B 1F?B
A F H  GF F Kiv nZ? wZwb ejjb, nuv|83
I ,4 F 14 &5 4>L
B :4 B4  5 jF }
B 6 GK S :A B ?A F FW&F vT B !5 B x5  F H

A H `F B B ?A )5 &F F Q5 "4 ,5 (3) gvng~` web jvex` ewYZ nv`xQ,

8 . /47Z5 4_F?B 8A F_4,F& 74 Z5 4F?B 8A B,4 F& 74 Z5 4F?B 8A B4 B ,4  >4 F&F v B$F =5 4&5 74 ZA F |
4 $BF x
F  F _Fh =A _BFB ,4 F nB _H`F
I -A .B "4 ?B B7HB B =5 4F?B 
 1H B   L >4 A .B B f4Q5 L :
j
7*, "B 4_B( $BF B
H -B B 6 ?B  5 <(5  A :B K AF : F Fj 76 hL GF fB
4 aF dB WF &F /: k ] I WK B
ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq Ges nhiZ Avey eKi (ivt) I nhiZ Igi -q~* 8 . . =A LAjK  NF   5  F >4 A .B B : F WF &F
-A .B dB jF 6 !B " 74 L 5 ZA cK F
(ivt)-Gi LjvdZi c_g `yeQi GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK GK ZvjvK
MY Kiv nZ| AZtci Igi Bebyj Lvve (ivt) ejjb, jvKiv Ggb wZwb ejb, ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-K RbK ew mK Lei `Iqv nj, h
GK welq `ZZv `LvQ, h welq Zv`iK AeKvk `Iqv nqwQj| Zvi xK GK wZb ZvjvK w`qQb| GK_v b ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) fxlY
Avgiv hw` GUv Zv`i Dci Rvwi Ki w`Zvg| AZtci wZwb GUv Zv`i z nq `uvwoq hvb Ges ejb, Avjvn&i wKZve wbq Ljv Kiv ne?
Dci Rvwi Ki w`jb|82 A_P Avwg Zvgv`i gvS euP AvwQ| GKRb `uvwoq ejj, n Avjvn&i
ivm~j! Avwg wK IK KZj Ki `e bv? 84
ge : G nv`xQ fve GmQ h, GKwZ wZb ZvjvK GK ZvjvK
ej MY nZ ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbv _KB| D mij weavb-Gi ge : Kwb Qvnvex gvng~` web jvex`-Gi D iIqvqvZK AbK
Aceenvi `L Igi dviK (iv:) KVviZv Aej^b Kivi gb Kib gyimvj ejZ PqQb| wK Bgvg Avngv` web nv^j (int) `pZvi
I m gZ AvBb Rvwi Kib| ivbZv wnmve mvgvwRK ksLjv I mv_ ejb h gvLivgvn Zvi wcZv nZ kvbb wb| Ze wZwb Zvi
wwZkxjZv eRvq ivLvi Rb wZwb mvgwqKfve KVvi eev Aej^b wcZvi wjwLZ wKZve nZ eYbv KiQb| Beby gyCbI Abyic K_v
KiwQjb| wZwb Gi viv Avjvn&i weavbK cwieZb Kibwb| eis ejQb| Zuvi _K Bgvg gymwjg ^xq Qnxn-Z KqKwU nv`xQ eYbv
ZvjvK-Gi evovevwo e KiZ PqwQjb| KiQb| AZGe A nv`xQ gyimvj bq; eis gyvwQj| nvdh Beby
nvRvi AvmKvjvbx ^xq eyj
~ j gvivg A nv`xQK Qnxn ejQb|
wZxqZ: GwUK BRgv wnmve MY Kiv hve bv| Kbbv KziAvbx wb`k wZwb ejb h, Gi eYbvKvixMY wek|85
I mybvZi cgvYvw` I Qvnvex`i mwwjZ Avgj gIR` _vKZ Zvi
wei BRgv AbywZ nIqvi ckB IV bv| `vex KijI Zv Mvn ne
bv| 83. gymwjg nv/1473|
84. bvmvC nv/3430|
82.gymwjg nv/ 1472; wdKm mybvn 2/299| 85. gynvjv 9/388 UxKv; gvmAvjv 1945; hv`yj gvAv` 5/220-21|
 43 44
G H ew ZvjvKi k msLv I cwZ wbq Ljv KiQ| :7B H_B B =5 45?B 
 1H B  5  L >4 A .B =A F F FW&F /F)$BF.A d6 L )F $BF.A >4 (A B 45 B A f4?B nB H`F
Avjvn&i BQvi wei m wbRi BQv cqvM KiQ| Kbbv ivRC
ZvjvK wnmve GK ev `yB ZvjvK `IqvB nj Avjvn c` Awn-i 4 _Fj F Fj /5 F >4 A .B F ThFhF BZAWK H`F 14 $eS5 :F FW&F =A B>B Q4 SB )F $BF.A d6 L \ B BF4, y5 -5 B.
weavb| A_P m Zv ev` w`q D weavbK nvjKv Ki `LQ| Avi 8 . /)  "6 Z5 56 :5 5 "6 2A >4 WL uF &F stB*e 7A AWK H`F FoS5 1p f5B BZpFB 
F BB FZ4:-5 .B /A|4 5?B
ivm~ji ivMi KviY mUvB| wK Gi dj wZb ZvjvKB chvR
nqwQj G `vexi c Kvb `jxj bB| Kbbv ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-Gi hyM //[ 3%>(
GKwZ wZb ZvjvKK GK ZvjvK ivRC MY Kiv nZ ej Beby GF 5  B &F /I!5 B I 5 4 ,B 14 &5 Th
F hF =A BF4, )L $BF.A nB H`F :/[ B B !4 F5 I XK F 14 &5 B
Avevm (ivt) ewYZ nv`xQ Avgiv `L GmwQ|
BZBWK H`F

B 4F :7B HB B =5 4F?B  1Y B  L >4 A .B A=FF* B &F F Fj /45 B $4 !A BZ4F?B
(4) KziAvbx AvqvZ G5 _B6 ,B
A F _H ZvjvK `yevi K_vwUB GKwZ wZb
ZvjvKi mivmwi weivax| Kbbv Gi A_ GKwUi ci GKwU| ay gwLK
k bq; eis cwZ I cKwZZ| Kbbv gvivZv-b A_ `yevi| `yevi
A_ GKevii ci wZxq evi| A_vr mnevmnxb cwe Aevi iZ
c_g ZvjvK w`e| AZtci GKBfve wZxqevi cwe nIqvi iZ
wZxq ZvjvK w`e| GB `yB ZvjvK ivRC ne| A_vr BZKvji ga
ZvK webv weevn Ges BZKvj kl nq Mj bZzb weevni gvag
diZ wbZ cvie| AvqvZi wbMwjZv_ GUvB| Gi A_ KLbvB GUv bq
h, GK `yB ZvjvK ejjB `yB ZvjvK nq Mj| hgb KziAvb Ab
GmQ "5 4B6 F B @
B fBK y5 -5 .4  76 hL AZtci Zzwg Zvgvi `wK wdivI wZxqevi
... (gyjK& 67/4)| Gi A_ c_gevii ci wZxqevi| Agwbfve nv`xQ
GmQ, ZB * B _4QB | 4 H B oF S5 vL 4 B KF hLb Kvb gwnjv Zvi Dci dihKZ
cuvP QvjvZ Av`vq Kie...|86 Gi A_ cuvP Iqv cvuP evi mybvZx
ZixKvq QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv| QvjvZ QvjvZ QvjvZ cuvPevi GK ejv
nq| wZxqZt m~ivq ZvjvK-Gi 1g AvqvZ ejv nqQ, Zvgiv GKwZ
wZb ZvjvK w`j BZ Abyhvqx ZvjvK `Iqvi myhvM _vK bv| Gfve
KziAvbx wb`k jsNb Ki GKwZ wZb ZvjvK w`j Zv wKfve wZb
ZvjvK wnmve MY Kiv nZ cvi?
(5) Beby Avevm (ivt) ejb,
86.wgkKvZ nv/3254|
vT B !5 B \
B K 5 B$6E5&F :j /7:$ :Fj I!5 B I 5 4 ,B
K :F FW&F ThF hF BZAWK H`F :Fj
3FZB:-B B&F :F Fj /B|UK4 GK S5 BZ:4 -5 .4 F&
Avy Bqvhx` Avey iKvbv Zvi x D iKvbvK ZvjvK `b| GZ wZwb
`viYfve ggvnZ nb| ZLb ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) ZvK wRm Kijb,
wKfve ZvjvK w`qQ? wZwb ejjb, GK gRwjm wZb ZvjvK w`qwQ|
ivm~j (Qvt) ZvK ejjb, Avwg Rvwb| IUv GK ZvjvK nqQ| Zzwg
xK diZ bvI| AZtci wZwb m~iv ZvjvK-Gi 1g AvqvZwU cvV Ki
bvb|87 Avey Bqvjv GK Qnxn ejQb|
ge : Bgvg kvIKvbx (int) ejb, iKvbvi G nv`xQK AbK wUc~Y
ejQb gynvv` Beb BmnvKi KviY| wK Abyic mb` ZvivB
Avevi wewfb AvnKvg welq `jxj MnY KiQb|88 Ze A nv`xQ mb`
I gZb Dfq w`K w`q Qnxn m~ eYbv KiQ Avey`vE` ^xq mybvb89
Ges Avyi ivhhvK ^xq gyQvbvK Beby RyivBRi m~ RbK eb~ ivd
nZ, AZtci BKwigv AZtci Beby Avevm nZ| Avngv` eYbv KiQ
gynvv` Beb BmnvKi m~ Ges gynvv` Beb BmnvK wek|90
87. Avey`vE` nv/2196; Avngv` nv/2387; AvIbyj gve~` 6/279; hv`yj gvAv` 5/229|
88. bvqjyj AvIZvi 8/21|
89. Qnxn Avey `vD` nv/1922|
90. nvwkqv gynvjv 9/391|
 45
DjL h, Avey`vE` Ab m~ D nv`xQ eYbv Kib| hLvb (
AvjevvZv k GmQ (nv/2208)| hvi A_ wbwZ ZvjvK| ivm~j
(Qvt) ZvK Kmg KiZ ejb, ZLb wZwb ejb h, Avwg GK ZvjvKi
wbqZ KiwQjvg| ej ivm~j (Qvt) ZvK Zvi x dir wbZ ejb|
GY ck: hw` H ew GKwZ wZb ZvjvK evqb `Iqvi wbqZ KiZ,
Zvnj ZvB-B cwZZ nZ|
Reve : nv`xQwU gyhZvive| Bgvg Avngv` ejb, Gi mKj m~B hCd|
Bgvg eyLvixI GK hCd ejQb|91
chvjvPbv :
1g `ji ee cwivi| Zuviv KziAvbx AvqvZmg~n I nv`xQmg~nK
cKvk A_ MnY KiQb Ges we`AvZx ZvjvKK evwZj MY KiQb|
2q `ji ee Zvexji Avkq | GLvb ^ ^ ivq-Gi c
`jxjK evLv Kiv nqQ| GZZxZ Igi (ivt)-Gi BRZnv`x wmv
Abyhvqx mvgwqKfve Rvwi Kiv KVvi ckvmwbK wb`kK AMvwaKvi
`Iqv nqQ| 3q `ji ee iIqvqvZ I w`ivqvZ-Gi weivax| 4_
`ji ee KziAvb, Qnxn nv`xQ I ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-Gi hyMi mv_
mvgmkxj|
wgmi I wmwiqvZ klv `ji ee miKvix AvBb wnmve ^xKZ|
hgb wmixq AvBbi 91 avivq ejv nqQ h, ^vgx Zvi xK wZbwU
ZvjvK `Iqvi AwaKvi ivL| 92 avivq ejv nqQ h, kvwKfve
nK ev BwZ nK KqKwU ZvjvK GK wgwjZfve w`j Zviv
GKwUi ekx cwZZ ne bv|92
1961 mvj cvwKvb cewZZ gymwjg cvievwiK AvBbI Gi ^xKwZ
gj| evsjv`kI D AvBb miKvixfve Pvjy AvQ| hgb ejv nqQ,
1961 mvji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvBb ceZbi ci evsjv`k ZvjvK
Avj-Avnmvb ev ZvjvK Avj-nvmvbi mwnZ ZvjvK Avj-we`vZi
91. hv`yj gvAv` 5/241; BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/2063, 7/139|
92. Avj-wdKm Bmjvgx Iqv Avw`jvZzn~ (eiZ : `vij wdK&i 3q msiY 1989), ct
407|
46
wekl Kvb cv_K j Kiv hvq bv| KviY GB AwWbvi weavb
Abyhvqx ZvjvK h cKviB NvlYv Kiv nvK bv Kb Dnv m m
ejer ne bv| ZvjvK NvlYvi BDwbqb KvDwji PqvigvbK
h w`b bvwUk c`vb Kiv ne mw`b nZ 90 w`b AwZevwnZ nevi ci
ZvjvK ejer ne|93
1961 mvji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvBb ejv nqQ, h Kvb AvKvi
ZvjvK NvlYvi ci h_vkxN me welqwU wjwLZfve BDwbqb KvDwji
PqvigvbK RvbvZ ne Ges PqvgvbK c` wjwLZ bvwUki GK
Kwc bKj Aci cK (^vgx ev x) w`Z ne| GB bvwUk `qvi weavb
Agvb Kij GK eQi ch webvkg Kviv` ev cuvP nvRvi UvKv ch
Rwigvbv A_ev Dfq cKvi kvw ne|
ZvjvK h cB w`K bv Kb, hw`b PqvigvbK bvwUk `qv ne,
mw`b _K beB w`b AwZevwnZ bv nIqv ch ZvjvK ejer ne bv|
Ze ^vgx ZvjvK w`q _vKj Ges ZvjvKi mgq x MfeZx _vKj
beB w`b Ges mvb f~wg nIqv ch G `ywUi ga h gqv`wU
`xNZi, mB gqv` DxY nIqvi ci ZvjvK ejer ne|
bvwUk cvevi w`b nZ wZwik w`b mgqi ga Pqvigvb GKwU kvwjkx
cwil` MVb Kie| Pqvigvb, GKRb ^vgxi cwZwbwa Ges GKRb xi
cwZwbwa GB wZb RbK wbq kvwjkx cwil` MwVZ ne| GB cwil`
^vgx-xi weev` wgwUq Zv`iK ZvjvK nZ weiZ _vKZ ivRx Kivi
Rb h_vmva Pv Kieb|
93. Gm,we. iwng, gymwjg RywimcW, 2q msiY 1976, ct 149; 7/(3) Takaq: Sub-
scction (5), a talaq,....shall not be effective until the expiration of nintey
days from the day on which notice under sub-section (1) is delivered to the
Chairman.
Modes of talaq: Talaq-i-bidaat, as in actual practice now-a-days, consists in the
pronouncement of 3 talaqs in one sitting which immediately therefter severs
the marriage tie and the divorce becomes irrevocale (Talaq-i-bain). This
from has its sanction under Hanafi Law and not recognised by the Shia as
also the shafi schools. The Muslim Family Laws Ordinace, 1961, PP. 60-
62.
 47
cvwievwiK AvBb AwWbvi GB weavbwU cwe KziAvb kixdi m~iv
wbmvi 35 bs AvqvZi wb`k Abymvi cYqb Kiv nqQ|94
GKwU wePvii bgybv :
gb Kib 2q `ji Qji mv_ 4_ `ji gqi weevn nj| wK
`yeQi ciB ^vgx Zvi xK GK wZb ZvjvK w`j Ges xK Zvi
evci evox cvwVq w`j| Aw`b ciB Dfqi ga AbykvPbv RvMjv
Ges cybweevni Rb evKzj nq DVjv| 2q `ji Qji wcZv
Zvnjxj-Gi kZ Avivc Kib| cvi 4_ `ji gqi wcZv webv
ZvnjxjB RvgvBqi wbKU gqK diZ w`Z Pvb| GgZvevq
Bmjvgx Av`vjZi wePviK wK wePvi Kieb? KviY Qj I gqi
gvhnve GK bq| A_P `ywU Rxeb wgjB GKwU msmvi| cZKi
ewMZ gvhnveK AzY ivLZ Mj msmvi Rxeb wech ne|
GgZvevq `ki AwaKvsk gymjgvb-Gi gvhnve Abyhvqx MwVZ msweavb
gvZveK hw` Av`vjZ Zvnjxj-Gi c ivq `b, Zvnj 4_ `ji
gqi evev ivhx neb wK? A_ev Av`vjZ `jgZi Ea DV KziAvb I
Qnxn nv`xQ Abyhvqx Zvnjxj QvovB cybweevni wb`k w`eb|
AwaKvski ivq-K Gwoq Av`vjZ m wi wbZ hveb wK-bv, mUvB
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116-17| 7/(3) Talaq: (4) Within thirty days of the receipt of notice under
sub-Section (1). The Chairman shall constitute an Arbitration Council for
the purposee of bringing about a reconcilliation between the parties, and the
Arbiration Council shall take all steps necessary to bring about such
reconciliation. The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961. pp. 60.
48
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