CAPE Unit 2 Labs

1. Title Structure of a dicotyledonous leaf

Aim: To draw label and annotate the transverse section of a dicotyledonous leaf (Plan and High
power.
B. To label the election micrograph of a chloroplast.

Lab 2
Plan drawing of the monocotyledonous root
Lab 3
Task: Low power (plan) and High power drawing of a T.S of a dicotyledonous root.
Lab 4
Plant pigment chromatography
NB- We will have to redo the chromatography aspect.
Lab 5
Title: Photosynthesis
Aim: To Investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant.
Apparatus and Materials
projector lamp e.g. 60 W
Ruler
Stop watch
Apparatus for collecting gas e.g. graduated syringe connected via tubing
400 cm3 beaker as water bath/heat filter
Thermometer
Test tube containing dilute sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
Pondweed eg Elodea,

Procedure
1. Cut the stem of a bubbling pond weed which has been well illuminated to about 5cm. Place the cut
surface upwards in a test tube containing sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.

2. Place the test tube in the beaker of water and note the temperature.
The beaker of water acts as a heat filter or heat shield, so its temperature should be checked at
intervals to ensure that it is constant throughout the experiment; the water should be renewed if
necessary.

4. Darken the laboratory by turning off as many lights as possible.

5. Place lamp 10 cm away from the beaker. Allow the plant to equilibrate or adjust to the light
intensity for 2-3 minutes, count the number of bubbles given off in one minute. Repeat twice and
obtain an average of the results.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5, with increasing distances away from the light source e.g. 20 cm, 30 cm, 40
cm and 50 cm. Light intensity is a inversely proportional to the square of the distance, so as the
distance is increased the light intensity decreases.
7. Record results in a table, then plot a graph of number of bubble/minute against 1/d2( where d=
distance between the lamp and the plant.)

Observation/Results

Discussion
1. Why is sodium hydrogen carbonate solution used instead of water?

5. What are the main sources of inaccuracy in the experiment?

5. How can we prove that oxygen was the gas produced?

7. What is the relationship between the light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis at low light
intensities?

8. Why does the rate of photosynthesis not increase at very high light intensities?

Lab 6
Title: Respiration
Aim: To determine the rate of respiration of germinating peas using a simple respirometer.
Apparatus ad Materials:
Procedure: From UTECH Trip
Results:
Table of results collected on the day
Graph- You should use a LINE OF BEST FIT, so that slope can be calculated.
Discussion
Essential Questions:
What is the relationship between temperature, volume, and pressure?
How can respiration rates be measured using a respirometer?
What factors affect the rate of respiration?
Brief overview of respiration and germination, Explain the principle on which the respirometer work
Analysis
-explain why water moved into the pipette.
-Explain why the tube must be air tight
-Comment on the rate of respiration of your seed
- Discuss the two questions in the lab manual
- If a second setup was done at 10oC, what results would you predict? Explain your reasoning.
- What would have been a suitable control for this experiment and how would the results differ.
Limitation / precaution
Conclusion

Lab 7
Title: Transport in plants
Aim: to make drawing of prepare slide of the xylem.
B. Draw and label the sieve tube and companion cell.
C. To label the electron micrograph of phloem tissue.

Lab 8
Title: Transpiration
Aim: to Investigate the effect of light on the rate of transpiration.
B -Aim: to Investigate the effect of wind speeds on the rate of transpiration.
Lab 9
Title: Circulation in mammals
Aim: to draw label and annotate the structure of arteries and veins.
B: To make drawing of the structure of leucocytes and erythrocytes.
Lab 10
Title: Structure of the kidney Utech trip
Aim: To dissect and draw the internal appearance of a mammalian kidney.
B: To make a HP drawing of the transverse section of a mammalian kidney