MAEERs

MAHARASHTRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

S No 124, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038. INDIA

Department of Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering

S.E. (Petroleum/Petrochemical)
HEAT TRANSFER
Course Number: 212389 Pattern: 2008 course

Course File
Faculty:
Theory : R. R. Joshi
Practical: R.R. Joshi

University of Pune prescribed Teaching Scheme:

Teaching Scheme: Examination Scheme:

Lecture/Week: 3 Hrs Paper: 100 Marks
Practical/Week: 2 Hrs Oral: 50 Marks

Teaching policy:

1. Students will be given prior intimation of the topic to be taken in the next class, so that
they can briefly go through the topic.
2. Lessons will be taught with the help of audiovisual aids like the OHP and LCD
projectors. Course material will be in the form of MS Power-point presentations and
transparencies. Typical problems will be solved in the classroom sessions.
3. Assignments will be given to the students which will consist of thought provoking
problems, practical problems and topics within and above the syllabus. Students will be
encouraged to use library books, e-books and the internet resources.
4. Class tests will be taken to gauge the understanding of the students in the particular
topic. In case the performance is not satisfactory, remedial lectures will be taken. Weak
students will be identified and will be provided with extra help.
5. In case of practical sessions, laboratory manual will be provided to the students at the
beginning of the semester. Explanation will be given to the students regarding the
equipment, procedure, calculations, precautions and safety measures.
6. The results and conclusions of the experiments will be maintained by the students in the
form of journals. Assessment will be done periodically.
Academic Calendar:

Month
December January February March April
Day
1 U2L1 U3L7 U5L6
Faculty Faculty
2 U2L2
Meeting Meeting
Monthly Monthly
3 Sunday Sunday
Attendance Attendance
Monthly Monthly
4 U2L3 Attendance Attendance
U3L8 U5L7
5 Faculty Meeting U4L1 U5L8
6 Sunday U4L2 U6L1 Term End
7 U2L4 Sunday
8 U2L5 U4L3 U6L2
Faculty Faculty
9 U2L6
Meeting Meeting
10 Sunday Sunday
11 U2L7 U4L4 U6L3 Gudhi Padwa
12 Faculty Meeting U4L5 U6L4
13 Sunday U4L6 U6L5
14 Gathering
15 Gathering U4L7 U6L6
Faculty
16 Gathering
Meeting
Term II Begins
17 Institute Holiday Sunday Sunday
U1L1
18 U1L2 U2L8 U4L8 U6L7
19 U1L3 Faculty Meeting U5L1 U6L8
20 Sunday U5L2
21 U1L4 U3L1
22 Faculty Meeting U3L2 U5L3
Faculty
23 Sunday U3L3 Alumni 2013
Meeting
24 U1L5 Sunday Sunday
25 Christmas U3L4 Unit Test-2 Unit Test-3
26 U1L6 Republic Day U5L4
27 Sunday U5L5 Dhulivandan
28 U1L7 Unit Test-1
29 Faculty Meeting U3L5
Faculty
30 Sunday U3L6
Meeting
31 U1L8 Sunday
Working
Days
 Vision of Institute
To promote Value based Universal Education System by nurturing future global professionals
so as to harness knowledge of Science & Technology for the welfare of the society

Mission of Institute
To create an ambience in which sound knowledge base of existing and emerging technical
frontiers across disciplines will flourish along with social and ethical awareness.

Vision of the Department

To be recognized as a centre of excellence in the field of Petroleum and Petrochemical
Engineering with a strong foundation of social and professional ethics

Mission of the Department

To produce quality petroleum and petrochemical engineering graduates from students of

diversified background by providing them broad based education, team building skills, and
professional values in a nurturing creative learning environment.

Petroleum Engineering Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs)

The Petroleum Engineering graduates will demonstrate

1. An ability to attain key engineering positions in broad areas of Petroleum Engineering and
continue their professional development through self-learning and also by pursuing higher
education
2. competencies to accept contemporary challenges arising out of inherent risk and uncertainty in
E & P sector
3. An ability to practice the profession in an ethical, socially and environmentally responsive
manner
4. Effective skills to work in multidisciplinary groups of diversified cultural background.
Petroleum Engineering Program Outcomes (POs)

The Petroleum Engineering Graduates shall demonstrate:

a) Knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering fundamentals in broad areas of
Petroleum Engineering to solve complex engineering problems.
b) An ability to use appropriate knowledge and proficiency to identify, formulate, analyze,
and solve complex petroleum engineering problems in order to reach substantiated
conclusions.
c) Understanding of design and analysis of well systems for producing, injecting and
handling fluids under risk and uncertainty, considering fiscal system, social, geopolitical,
health and safety, and environmental considerations.
d) An ability to conduct investigations of complex petroleum engineering problems by
methods that include design of experiments, analysis, interpretation and synthesis of
subsurface data to reach workable solutions.
e) Familiarity with appropriate techniques, resources and modern engineering tools in
complex engineering activities in the context of risk and uncertainty.
f) An ability to analyze social and ethical issues related to petroleum industry and
responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practices.
g) Demonstrate knowledge and need of sustainable development and production of
hydrocarbons resources, and impact of relevant professional engineering solutions in
the societal and environmental context.
h) An understanding of professional and ethical responsibilities in engineering practice and
commitment to them
i) An ability to work as an efficient team member and leader in multidisciplinary and
multicultural teams
j) Ability to communicate effectively complex engineering concepts within the profession
and with society in written, oral and graphical form.
k) Ability to be an efficient member and leader of a project in multidisciplinary teams by
demonstrating knowledge and understanding engineering and management principles.
l) An ability to independently summarize, analyze, synthesize and evaluate information
from a wide variety of sources throughout professional tenure
University of Pune prescribed Heat Transfer Course Syllabus:

SECTION - I
Unit 1: Conduction (8 Lect.)
Heat transfer modes, laws. Steady state problems. Thermal resistance. Insulation and critical
radius. Differential equation. Unsteady state heat conduction. Extended surfaces.

Unit 2: Radiation (8 Lect.)

Basic concepts. Emission characteristics and laws of black body radiation. Radiation incident
on a surface. Solid angle and radiation intensity. Heat exchange by radiation between two
black surface elements. Heat exchange by radiation between two finite black surfaces. The
shape factor. Radiant heat exchange in an enclosure having black surfaces. Heat exchange by
radiation between two infinite parallel diffuse-gray surfaces. Heat exchange by radiation in the
annular space between two infinitely long concentric tubes. Radiant heat exchange in an
enclosure having diffuse-gray surfaces. Radiation shields.

Unit 3: Convection (8 Lect.)

Principles, Dimensional analysis.
Heat Transfer by Forced Convection:
Laminar and turbulent flow heat transfer in a circular pipe. Analogy between heat and
momentum transfer. Heat Transfer in agitated vessels.
Heat Transfer by Natural Convection:
Natural convection heat transfer from plate and cylinder.

SECTION II
Unit 4: Heat Exchangers (8 Lect.)
Basic types of heat exchangers. Direct transfer type heat exchangers. Flow arrangements.
Overall heat transfer coefficient and fouling factor. Mean temperature difference. Effectiveness
NTU Method. TEMA.Heat exchanger design considerations.

Unit 5: Condensation and Boiling (8 Lect.)

Types of condensation. Film condensation on a vertical plate, vertical tube and horizontal
tubes. Effect of superheated vapor and non-condensable gases. Types of boiling. Simplified
relations for boiling heat transfer with water. Flow boiling. The heat pipe.

Unit 6: Evaporators (8 Lect.)

Single and multiple effect evaporation. Types of evaporators. Methods of feeding for multiple
effect evaporators.
Term work:
Every student should carry out minimum 10 experiments from the following list and submit the
journal which will form the term work.

List of Practical:
1. To determine thermal conductivity of a metal bar.
2. To determine thermal conductivity of a liquid.
3. To determine critical radius of an insulating material.
4. To determine heat transfer coefficient in an unsteady-state.
5. To determine efficiency of a Pin Fin.
6. To study heat transfer through vacuum.
7. To determine the emissive of a test plate.
8. To determine heat transfer coefficient in forced convection.
9. To study analogy between heat and momentum transfer.
10. To determine individual and overall heat transfer coefficient in an agitated vessel.
11. To determine heat transfer coefficient in natural convection.
12. To determine heat transfer coefficient in Double Pipe Heat Exchanger.
13. To determine overall heat transfer coefficient (U) for Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger.
14. To determine overall heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness of a plate type heat
exchanger
15. To determine heat transfer coefficient in drop and film condensation.
16. To study heat transfer in a steam generating boiler.
17. To study heat transfer in a heat pipe.
18. To study two phase heat transfer.
19. To study evaporators.

Reference Books:
th
1. Sukhatme S. P.; Heat Transfer, 4 Edition; University Press (India) Private Limited,
2005.
2. Eduardo Cao, Heat Transfer in Process Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 2010
3. Kern D. Q.; Process Heat Transfer; McGraw Hill, 2001.
th
4. Holman J. P.; Heat Transfer, 9 Edition; Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002.
th
5. McCabe W. L., J. C. Smith and P. Harriott; Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 7
Edition; McGraw Hill, 2005.
Course Objectives:

1. Model basic heat transfer process and identify modes.

2. To study conduction mode of heat transfer for steady state and unsteady state and the
laws governing them.
3. To study radiant heat exchange between finite black surfaces, long concentric tubes.
4. To know principles & dimensional analysis for convection and its types in detail
5. To be able to classify, select and understand the types, process design aspect for heat
exchanger, evaporators and fins and predict its performance.
6. To study the phenomenon of condensation and boiling on plates and tubes.
7. An ability to convert unit operations into mathematical equations using material balance,
energy balance and momentum balance.(Basic of mathematical modeling and problem
formulation)
8. To be able to demonstrate basic knowledge regarding various unit operations, reaction
kinetics, reactor design, process control and polymer synthesis technology.
9. To be able to characterize and calibrate various instruments.
10. An ability to visualize chemical engineering aspects of polymer engineering and work on
laboratory and multidisciplinary task.

Course Outcomes (COs):

Students successfully completing this course will be able to demonstrate:

1. Knowledge of basic physics and mathematics involved in three modes of heat transfer and
their applications.
2. An ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems related to heat transfer
3. An ability to identify heat exchange equipment appropriate for a given duty and to design the
same
4. An ability to carry out self-learning in advanced topics related to heat transfer

One subject specific add-on practical:

Practical on HTRI software for design of Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
Expected Achievement of Programme Outcomes through HT Course Outcomes:

Petroleum Engineering Program Outcomes

Heat
Transfer
Course
Outcomes a b c d e f g h i j k

1 M L L L L L

2 M M L M L L L L
L

3 M M L M L
L M

4 L L L M L
L

H: High
M: Medium
L: Low
100%
15
15 15
30
90%
15

80% 15 15
15
15 k
15 j
70% 15
15 i
15
60% h

30 g

15 30 30 f
50%
e

15 d
40%
15 c
15
b
30%
30 a
30 15

20%
0
30

10% 30 30 15

0%

HT COs

Plot showing contribution of COs in achievement of POs

Teaching Scheme:

1. Lessons will be taught with the help of chalk on black board and audiovisual aids like
the OHP and LCD projectors. Course material will be in the form of hand written notes,
MS Power-point presentations and transparencies. Typical problems will be solved in
the classroom sessions.
2. Selected homework problems are assigned for most lectures. Solutions will be
discussed during practical or free hours; it helps to understand heat transfer
applications.
3. After each unit what is students understanding and what are the practical applications of
studied laws and theories is discussed thoroughly.
4. Students will be given prior intimation of the topic to be taken in the next class, so that
they can briefly go through the topic.
5. Assignments will be given to the students which will consist of thought provoking
problems, practical problems and topics within and beyond the syllabus. Students will
be encouraged to use library books, e-books and the internet resources.
6. Class tests will be conducted to gauge the understanding of the students in the
particular topic. In case the performance is not satisfactory, remedial lectures will be
taken. Weak students will be identified and will be provided with extra help.
7. In case of practical sessions, laboratory manual will be provided to the students at the
beginning of the semester. Explanation will be given to the students regarding the
equipment, procedure, calculations, precautions and safety measures.
8. The results and conclusions of the experiments will be maintained by the students in the
form of journals. Assessment will be done periodically.
 Teaching Plan

Term II, Dec 2012 through April 2013; Academic Year 2012-13
Heat Transfer

Sl. Week
Month Topic
No. dates

1 Introduction-Modes of heat transfer, Types of

3-8 Heat Exchangers
2 Direct transfer type HE, Flow Arrangements
Steady state problems, Overall Heat Transfer
3 10-15
coefficient and fouling factor

Concept of thermal resistance, insulation,

4
critical radius, LMTD Derivations
Jan
Differential equation, Extended surfaces,
5 17-22
Numerical.

6 Effectiveness- NTU method

7 24-29 Emission characteristics and laws of radiation.

8 TEMA, Heat exchangers design considerations

9 31-5 Problems
10 Test-I
Heat Exchange radiations, Types of
11 7-12
condensation

Feb Shape factor ,Film condensation on vertical

12
plate and tube

Solid angle and intensity Film condensation on

13 14-19
horizontal tube
 Effect of superheated vapour and non
14
condensable gases
Heat exchange between finite black ,diffuse-
15 21-26
gray surfaces.
Feb
Types of boiling and simplified relations for
16
boiling heat
Annular space between two infinitely long
17 28-5
concentric tubes,
18 Flow boiling, Heat pipe.
19 7-12 Problems
20 Problems
21 14-19 Test-II
Mar Introduction, Principles, Dimensional analysis of
22
Convection.

23 21-26 ,Single and multiple effect evaporation

24 Types of Convection and evaporators.

Heat transfer between agitated vessels, plate

25 28-2
and cylinder.
Methods of feeding for multiple effect
26
evaporators.
27 4-9 Problems
28 Apr Test-III
29 11-16 Remedial lectures / Revision
30 Remedial lectures / Revision
31 18-23 Remedial lectures / Revision
32 Remedial lectures / Revision
 Teaching Plan Lecture wise

Unit No. Lecture Planned Conducted Teaching

Name of topic to be covered Remarks
and Title No. date date aids used
Basics of Heat Transfer, Importance of
Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics and
1
Heat Transfer, Basic laws and modes of
Heat transfer
Thermal conductivity and Thermal
2 Resistance concept, Problems on modes
of Heat Transfer
General Heat conduction equation for
3 unsteady state three dimensional heat
flow and other simplified forms
Heat conduction through plane wall,
Hollow Cylinders and composite wall and
4
cylinders under Uniform and variable
Thermal Conductivity
Unit 1:
Logarithmic mean area for the Hollow
Conduction
cylinder and problems on Steady state
5
one dimensional Heat conduction
through above profile
Critical Thickness of Insulation and its
6
importance, Numerical on critical radius
Types of extended surfaces and
Analysis of Heat Transfer from extended
7
surfaces, Efficiency and Effectiveness of
Extended surfaces, Numerical
Conduction Unsteady state Analysis,
Heat conduction in Solids having Infinite
8 Thermal Conductivity-Lumped Heat
Capacity Parameter Analysis and
Numerical, Summary, Conclusion
Introduction to Radiation Heat Transfer,
Unit 2:
1 Surface Emission Properties, Emission
Radiation
Characteristics
 Concept of Black Body, Laws of Black
2
body Radiation and Numerical
Intensity of Radiation, Solid Angle,
3 Radiation Exchange between two Black
body surfaces
The Shape Factor and silent features of
4
shape factor
Radiation Exchange between Non-black
bodies, Heat exchange by radiation
5
between two infinite parallel diffuse gray
surfaces,
Heat exchange by radiation in annular
6 space between two infinitely long
concentric tubes
Radiant Heat exchange in an enclosure
7 having diffuse gray surfaces and
Numerical
Radiation shields and Numerical
8
continued, Summary, Conclusion
Introduction to Convection, Dimensional
1 Analysis , Methods of Dimensional
analysis
Dimensionless Numbers and their
2
Physical Significance
Analogy between Heat and Momentum
3
Transfer
Heat Transfer by Forced Convection:
4 Laminar and Turbulent Flow Heat
Unit 3: Transfer in Circular pipe, Numerical
Convection Heat Transfer in Agitated Vessels,
5
Numerical continued
Heat Transfer by Natural Convection,
Characteristic Parameters of Free
6
Convection, Natural Convection Heat
Transfer from plate and cylinder
7 Numerical on Natural Convection
Numerical on Forced Convection,
8
Summary, Conclusion
 Basic types of Heat Exchangers
1
Direct Transfer type Heat Exchangers,
Flow arrangements, Basics of Heat
2
Exchanger Analysis

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient and

3 Fouling Factor

Logarithmic Mean Temperature

Unit 4 : Heat 4 Difference and analysis
Exchangers
Effectiveness-NTU method
5
Problems based on LMTD and NTU
6 analysis

Classification based on TEMA standards

7
Heat exchanger design consideration
8 and Numerical, Summary, Conclusion

Introduction to Heat Transfer with Phase

1
Change
Types of Condensation, Film
2
Condensation on Vertical Plate
Film Condensation on Vertical tube and
3
Horizontal Tube
4
Unit 5 :
Effect of superheated vapour and non-
Condensation
5 condensable gases and Numerical
and Boiling
Boiling Heat Transfer and Types , Boiling
6
Regimes
Simplified correlation for boiling heat
7
transfer, Numerical
Forced Boiling, Heat pipe and
8
Miscellaneous Problems, Summary,
 Conclusion
Introduction to Vaporizing equipments,
1
Types of Evaporators
Analysis of evaporators: Material and
2 Energy Balance, Area, Capacity and
Economy of Evaporators
Boiling point elevation and effect
3
Effect of Feed Temperature on Economy
4 of Evaporator
Unit 6 :
Evaporators
Problems on Evaporators
5
Multiple effect Evaporation and Methods
6 of feeding for Multiple effect evaporators

Numerical
7
Summary, Conclusion
8
CO Assessment Tools:

1. University of Pune semester end examination

2. Class Test performance
3. Assignments grading

University Examination Result Analysis for Heat Transfer for last three
years:

No. of No. of
Academic
Sl. No. students students Passing % Improvement
Year
appeared passed
1 2012-13 97 +1 %

2 2011-12 96 +3 %

3 2010-11 93 --

Result Analysis for the year 2011-12 (LYG)

University
Assessment Tools semester end
Sl. No. No. of students
Performance Indicators examination
in the range
50%

1 H 70-100% 14

2 M 55-69% 21

3 L 40-54% 23

4 P Below 40% 13
 University semester end examination No. of
students in the range

30
21 23
20 14
13
10
University semester end
0
University semester end examination No. of students in
the range

Method 2:

University
Assessment Tools semester end
Sl. No.
Performance Indicators examination Weightage given

1 H 90-100% 100%

2 M 75-89% 80%

3 L 50-74% 60%

4 P Below 50% 30%

University of Pune Examination Paper:
Mapping of Course Outcomes Question-wise:

Course Outcomes
Question
Number
1 2 3 4

10

11

12
Assignments:

Syllabus Actual conduct

Assignment No. Proposed date
prescribed date
1 Unit I
2 Unit II
3 Unit III
4 Unit IV
5 Unit V
6 Unit VI

Sample Assignment:

Mapping of Course Outcomes Question-wise:

Question Course Outcomes

Number
1 2 3 4
1
2
3
4

CO Assessment through Assignments:

No. of students obtaining

Sl. No. Grade
the grade
1 A 10
2 B 23
3 C 19
No. of Students obtaining grades in
Assignment 1

10
19 A B C

23
Class Tests:
Time: 1 hour Max. Marks: 30 Passing Marks: 12

Syllabus Actual conduct

Class Test No. Proposed date
prescribed date
1 Unit I and IV 09-02-2013 16-02-2013
2 Unit II and V 15-02-2013 15-02-2013
3 Unit III and IV 09-04-2013 09-04-2013

Sample Test Paper:

Mapping of Course Outcomes Question-wise:

Course Outcomes
Question
Number
1 2 3 4

1 H M

2 H M L

3 M M H L

CO Assessment:

No. of students obtaining

Sl. No. Marks Obtained by students
the marks in the range
1 30-25 04
2 24-18 44
3 17-12 01
4 Below 12 (Fail) 02
5 Absent 04

No. of students obtaining the marks

in the range
1 2
4 4 30-25
24-18
17-12
44 Below 12 (Fail)
Absent
Content beyond syllabus:
1) Why household utensils have plastic coatings on handles and lids?
2) How filament bulb emits less heat and more light?
3) Size and action of ear panes of Indian and African elephants
4) Solar radiation and global warming
5) Energy spectrum
6) Discussion on routine examples of day today life involving heat transfer Eg. Differentiate
the heat load we sense while walking and on bike(two wheeler)
7) How water gets cooled in earthen pots?
8) Case study for shell and tube heat exchanger using Industrial data
9) Discussion on how to collect heat exchanger design data from different websites.
10) Discussion on energy balance and mass balance over boiler and condenser
11) Practical on HTRI software

Case Studies:
1.
2.
Pre-requisites mapping and Test Paper:

CO Assessment by various tools:

Sl. No. Assessment Tools Weightage given

 1 University semester end examination 50%

2 Class Tests 30%

3 Assignments 20%

University
Class
semester end Assignments
Assessment Tools Tests
Sl. No. examination 20%
30%
50%
Performance Indicators Individual weightage distribution

1 H 70-100% 30-25 A

2 M 55-69% 24-18 B

3 L 40-54% 17-12 C

4 P Below 40% Below 12 --

Method 1:
Sl. Individual Total
Assessment Tools Weightage given
No. Attaniment Attaniment
University semester end
1 50% 63% 31.5%
examination
2 Class Tests 30% 60% 18%

12.2%
3 Assignments 20% 61%

Total 100% 61.70%

Method 2:
Sl. Individual Total
Assessment Tools Weightage given
No. Attaniment Attaniment
University semester end
1 50% 100% 50%
examination
2 Class Tests 30% 60% 18%
12.2%
3 Assignments 20% 61%

Total 100% 80.20%

Achieved Mapping of Course Outcomes with Programme Outcomes:

Program Outcomes

Course
Outcomes
a b c d e f g h i j k

1 M L L L L L

2 M M L M L L L L
L

3 M M L M L
L L

4 M M L M L
L L L
University Question Paper for last three years:
Question Bank:

Heat waves
A.can not pass through vacuum.
B. travel in straight line.
C. can be reflected by a mirror.
both (b) and (c).
D.
Air is best heated with steam in a heat exchanger of
A.plate type.
B. double pipe type with fin on steam side.
C. double pipe type with fin on air side.
D.shell and tube type.

Which of the following is generally considered as opaque surface towards radiations?

A.Gases
B. Solids
C. Liquids
D.Both (b) and (c)

Black liquor generated during paper manufacture is concentrated in a

A.single effect evaporator.
B. single effect evaporator followed by a crystallizer.
C. multiple effect evaporator.
D.multiple effect evaporators followed by a crystallizer.

Critical Radius of Insulation

1. What do you mean by critical radius of insulation?
2. Name the different kinds of insulating material used.
3. What are the properties of good insulating material?
4. How is the effectiveness of insulating material expressed?
5. Explain why an insulated small diameter wire has a high current carrying capacity
than an uninsulated one?
6. A pipe is insulated to reduce heat loss from it. However measurements indicate that
the rate of heat loss has increased instead of decreasing. Can the measurements be
right?
7. State Fouriers law of heat conduction. Give the significance of negative sign.
8. Define thermal conductivity.
9. How do thermal conductivities of gases and liquids vary with temperature?
10. What is the temperature profile for heat conduction through a wall of constant thermal
conductivity in presence of a heat source?
11. Which of the following has the least value of thermal conductivity? Rubber, air,
water, plastic.