Community

Medicine
MD-1A
Gaitree
Ramkumar
Assignment-
2
Lactated Ringer's
In the late 1800s. a physician named Sydney Ringer developed a solution that
contained calcium, potassium, sodium and chloride in water. The solution was
referred to as Ringers, after its inventor.

Years later, a physician named Alexis Hartmann determined that adding

lactate to the solution made it more suitable for pediatric patients. Lactate is
the chemical that is produced by our muscles during exercise, and is a natural
part of milk. With the addition of lactate, the solution became known as
Lactated Ringers.

Lactated Ringer's a crystalloid electrolyte sterile solution of specified

amounts of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and
sodium lactate in water for injection. It is used intravenously to replace
electrolytes.

Lactated Ringer's Injection USP is sterile, nonpyrogenic and contains no

bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents.

This product is intended for intravenous administration in a single dose

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Uses of Lactated Ringers

Lactated Ringers is typically used to replace lost fluid, blood, or both. Due
to the sodium content, it is typically not used as an ongoing fluid
replacement, but instead is frequently used when large volumes of fluid
must be given, known as fluid resuscitation. Lactated Ringers is often used
instead of normal saline solution because it contains both fluid and
electrolytes, and is suitable for both children and adults.
Lactated Ringer's also has fewer potential side effects than normal saline.
Severe burns, trauma, significant blood loss, and severe fluid loss (caused
by dehydration, surgery or other problems) are just some of the cases in
which Lactated Ringer's is given.

Small amounts of Lactated Ringers may be given as a maintenance IV,

providing necessary fluids when a patient is unable to drink enough fluid
to support their normal body functions.
Lactated Ringers Injection, USP is indicated as a source of water and
electrolytes or as an alkalinizing agent.

This solution is indicated for use in adults and pediatric patients as a source
of electrolytes and water for hydration.
 Ringer's lactate solution is very often used for fluid resuscitation after
a blood loss due to trauma, surgery, or a burn injury.Ringer's lactate
solution is used because the by-products of lactate metabolism in the liver
counteract acidosis, which is a chemical imbalance that occurs with acute
fluid loss or renal failure.

Normal saline
Normal saline is the name for the 0.9% strength of sodium chloride (salt)
solution in water. Only this strength of sodium chloride solution is called
"normal" saline because its osmolarity is nearly the same as that of blood.
The term "normal saline" is usually used only for the sodium chloride 0.9%
solution products used for body tissue irrigation and injection.

Action
Normal Saline is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for fluid and
electrolyte replenishment.
It contains no antimicrobial agents.
The pH is 5.0 (4.5 to 7.0).
It contains 9 g/L Sodium Chloride with an osmolarity of 308
mOsmol/L.
It contains 154 mEq/L Sodium and Chloride.
Indications
It is indicated as a source of water and electrolytes.
In general, intravenous lines should not be started unless the patient
currently, or may soon need either fluid replenishment or medication
administration.
If used to replenish fluids, a large bore IV (18G or more) should be
started, hung with a 1000 mL bag of saline.
If saline is being started for medication administration maintain at
TKVO, or consider using a saline lock instead of intravenous line

Uses of normal saline

Normal saline is very commonly used in the hospital and clinic setting to
administer fluids to a patient intravenously (IV), to dilute injectable
medications for IV administration, to irrigate (wash out) wounds or organ
tissue.

Normal saline for irrigation is available by prescription for wound care at

home.
 Normal saline for injection is usually not used outside of a hospital or clinic
setting.

Distilled water is associated with hyponatremia and drop in hematocrit

level in renal failure patients. Serum potassium level may be significantly
altered during distilled water irrigation. Normal saline is safe for PNCL in
renal failure patient and its use should be recommended for this purpose.

Normal saline are frequently used as dressing on open wounds.