LSD Design for doubly reinforced simply supported beam

Name of work:- abc

1 Clear Span 11.00 mtr 11000 mm

2 Wall width 0.23 mtr 230 mm

3 Size of Beam (restricted) Depth 0.50 mtr Width 0.23 mtr 0

4 External Load 8.00 kN/m 8000 N/m

5 Concrete m- 25 Grade Unit weight concrete 25000 N/m3

6 Steel fy 500 N/mm2 Tensile stress 500 N/mm2

7 Niminal Cover 25 mm

8 Bottom Main reinforcement 1st tier 20 mm F 3 Nos bars

2nd tier 12 mm F 3 Nos bars
9 Top Main reinforcement 12 mm F 9 Nos bars
0 mm F Nos bars
10 2 - lgd. Strirrups 8 mm F 196 mm c/c

230 11000 mm 230

12 mm F 9
8 mm f 2 lgd strips 12 mm F #REF!
196 mm c/c

#REF! #REF!
0
mm

#REF! #REF!
#REF! nos bars 20 mm F
3 nos bars 20 mm F
(a) L section

9 nos bars 12 mm F top bars

#REF! nos bars 12 mm F
25
mm cover
8 mm f 2 lgd strips
196 mm c/c -50
0 #REF! nos bars 20 mm F mm
mm 3 nos bars 20 mm F
25
mm cover
0 0
mm mm
 (b) section at mid span section at support
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 Design of Doubly reinforced simple supported Beam :-

1 Clear Span 11.00 mm 11000 mm

2 Wall width 0.23 m 230 mm
3 Size of Beam (restricted) 0.50 m 500 mm Width 0.23 m 230 mm
4 External load 8.00 kN/m = 8000 N/m
5 Concrete M 25 Unit weight concrete = ###

6 Steel fy 500 N/mm2 Tensile stess = 500 N/mm2

7 Bottom Main reinforcement 1st tier 20 mm F
8 Top Main reinforcement 12 mm F
9 2 - lgd. Strirrups 8 mm F
###Cover 25 mm

1 computation of Design Constants and limting of N.A.:-

For steel fe 500 fy = 500 N/mm2 fck = 20 N/mm
Xu.max / d depend only a grade of steel and is independent on grade of concrete, for
Xu.max 700
Fe 500 = = = 0.456
d 1100 + 0.87 x 500
Ru = 0.36. fck. x Xu.max Xu. Max
1 - 0.416 x compaire this with
d d value given in
where Ru = 0.36 x 20 x 0.456 (1- 0.416 x 0.456026059 )= 2.661 Table 33.3
Here d = 230 - 25 - 8 - 6 = 191 mm
Mu.lim = Ru. bd2 = 2.661 x 230 x ( 191 )2= 22323326
Xu.max = 0.456 d = 0.456 x 191 = 88 mm 22 x 10'6

2 Computation of design of bending moment

Let width of Beam
= 11000 + 191 = 11191 < 11230
\ Available L/d = 11191 / 191 = 58.59162304
Max. permissible value of L/d even without modification factor = 20
Hence deflection requirement are satisfied.
self Load of Beam per meter run = 0.23 x 0.50 x 1 x ### = 2875
External load = 8000 N/m
\ Total load per meter run = 2875 + 8000 = 10875 N/m
wu = 1.0 x ### = 10875 N/m
WuL2 10875 x 11.19 x 11.19
MuD (at mid span ) = = = 170300 N-m
8 8
= 171 x 10 3 N-m or 171 x 10 6 N-mm
since 170300000 > 22323326 \ MuD > Mu.lim Double reiforcemnt req

3 Determination of tensile reinforcement

fck Xumax 20
Pt.lim = 0.414 = 0.414 x x 0.456 = 0.00755
fy d 500
Ast1 = Pt.lim x bd = 0.00755179 x 230 x 191 = 332
Let the cover to the center of compressive reinforcement d' '= 25 + 8 +
6 =
MuD - Mu.lin 170300000 - 22323326
Ast2' = =
1 x 500 x( 191 -
)= 2239
0.87 fy(d -d') 39
\ Total Ast= Ast1 +Ast2 '= = 332 + 2239 = 2571 mm2
(Maximum Reiforcement = 0.04 bD = 0.04 x 230 + 500 = 4600 > 2239
using 20 mm bars = 3.14xdia 2
3.14 x 20 x 20
A = =
4 x100 4 x 100
Nomber of Bars = st A /A = 2571 / 314 = 8.19 say = 9 No.
Hence Provided 9 bars of 20 mm F bar, at top , in one tier, keep a nominal cover ,

4 Dtermination of compressive reinfocement

 Asc = MuD -Mu.lin 170300000 - 22323326
=
(fsc - 0.446Fck)(d-d')
(fsc - 0.446 x 20 )( 191 - 39 )
147976674 973531
Asc = =
fsc - 8.92 x 152 fsc - 8.92
0.0035(xu.max - d') 0.0035 x( 88 - 39
esc = = )= 0.00195
xu.max 88
Hence from Table 33.1 for fe 500 steel, fsc = 325 N/mm2
973531
\ Asc = = 3082 mm2
325 - 8.92
using 12 mm bars = 3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
A = =
4 x100 4 x 100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A = 3082 / 113 = 27.26 say = 28 No.
Hence Provided 28 bars of 12 mm F bar, at top , in one tier,

5 Curtailment of tensile and compressive reinforcement

Development length (Ld) of 20 mm bar in tension See table 36.5
0.87 fy 0.87 x 500 x F
x F = = 57 F = 57 x 20 =
4 tbd 4 x 1.2 x 1.6
Development length (Ld) of 12 mm bar in compression See table 36.5
0.87 fy 0.87 x 500 x F
x F = = 45 F = 45 x 12 =
1.25x4 tbd 5 x 1.2 x 1.6
Hence the tension steel cannot be curtailed at less than 1.13 m from center of span
while the compression steel cannot be curtailed at less than 0.54 m from center of span
Let us curtail 9.3 comprssion bars and 5 Bar tension bar at a theoretical point of cut off distant
1.20 m from the center of span .
\ Actual point of cut off from the centerof span will be larger of two value
(I) = 1.20 + d = 1.20 + 0.191 = 1.39 m 1.40
(II) = 1.20 + 12 x F = 1.20 + 12 x 0.020 = 1.44
Keep the actual point of cut off at 1.44 m from center of spoan . Distance of theoretical ponit of cut offf
from center of span = 1.44 - 0.191 = 1.249
\ Distance of theoretical point of cut off from center of support = 11.191 / 2 - 1.249 =
It can be shown that the moment of resistance of the section at this point will be larger than the actual B.M. at this location

6 Shear reinforcement
The critical section for shear is at a distance of d = 191 mm from the face of support .
or at distance of 191 + 191 / 2 = 287 = 0.29 m from the center of support
11.19
Vs = 10875 x - 10875 x 0.29 = 57735 N
2
Vu 57735
tv = = = 1.31 N / mm2
bd 230 x 191
100Ast 100 x 5 x 314
\ = = 3.22 %
bd 230 x 191
Hence from table 36.1 Tc = 0.82 N/mm2 < 1.31 Shear reinforcemnt required

3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
Let us provide 8 mm 2 leg strirrup Asv == 2 x =
4 x100 4 x 100
.87 x fy x Asv 0.87 x 500 x 100.5
\ Sv =( = = 196 mm say
tv - tc )x b 1.31 - 0.34 )x 230
However, minimum shear reinforcement is governed by expression
2.175 x Asv x fy 2.175 x 100.5 x 500
\ Sv = = = 475 mm say 480
b 230
Required Sv = 196 mm
Spacing based on effective depth of beam mm which
Subject to maximum of 0.75d or b which ever is less.= 0.75 x 191.0 = 140 or 300 ever is less
 Hence provide the 8 mm strirrups @ 196 mm c/c near support
and increase this gradually 480 mm to ward center

7 Check for devlopment length at support:-

At the support, the tensile reinforcement should satisfy the following reaction .
1.3xM1
+ L0 > Ld
V
There are 5 tensile Bars available at support , having Ast = 5 x 314 = 1413 mm
0.87.fy.Ast1 0.87 x 500 x 5 x 314
Xu = = = 372
.36 x fck .b 0.36 x 20 x 230
M1 = 0.87 fy.Ast1.(d - 0.416Xu)
M1 = 0.87 x 500.0 x( 4.5 x 314 )x( 191.0 - 0.416 x 372 )
= 22280014 N-mm or 22.28 x 10'6 N-mm
Wux . L ### x 11.19
V = S.F. = N = = 60851.1
2 2
0.87x fy 0.87 x 500 x F
Ld = x F = = 57 x 20 =
4tbd 4 x 1.2 x 1.6
Minimum Embeded required from the face of the support = 1133 / 3 = 378 mm
Width of support available (bo) = 230 mm, providing end cover x' of = 50 mm
And providing 90 degree bend to tensile bars

Lo = 230 - 50 - 95.5 + 60 = 144.5

1.3 xM1 22280014
+ L0 = 1.3 x + 145 = 620 mm
V 60851
620 < Ld = 620 < 1133 Increase embedment

8 Deatil of reinforcement

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 mm

N/mm2

compaire this with

value given in
Table 33.3

N/mm
N/mm

N/m

N-m

N-mm
Double reiforcemnt required

mm2
39 mm

mm

Hence O.K.

314 mm2

No.
25 mm
 113 mm2

No.

See table 36.5

1133 mm

See table 36.5

544 mm

m from center of span,

m from center of span,
cut off distant

m
nit of cut offf

4.347 m

he center of support

reinforcemnt required

100.5 mm2

196 mm

480 mm

mm which
ever is less
mm2
mm2

1133 mm
Table 33.1 salientpoints on the design stress-strain curvefor cold worked bars
Fyd = Design Yeild stress ; fy = characterstic stress
Fe =415 Fy = 415 Fe =500 Fy = 500
Stress steel : N/mm2 steel : N/mm2
level
Strain Stress Strain Stress
0.8 fyd 0.00144 288.7 0.00174 347.8
0.85fyd 0.00163 306.7 0.00195 369.6
0.90 fyd 0.00192 324.8 0.00226 391.3
0.95 fyd 0.00241 342.8 0.00277 413
0.975 fyd 0.00276 351.8 0.00312 423.9
1.00 fyd 0.0038 360.9 0.00417 434.8

Table 33.2 Value of Pt,lim (%)

Grade fck
Value of 100 pt lim. for
concrete (N/mm2)
fy=250 fy =415 fy =500
M15 15 1.319 0.716 0.566
M20 20 1.758 0.955 0.754
M25 25 2.198 1.194 0.943
M30 30 2.638 0.433 1.132
M35 35 3.077 1.672 1.32
M40 40 3.517 1.910 1.509
Acording to ACI and australian Codes, normal structure
should have Pt.max > 0.75pt.lim

TABLE 33.3 Value of Ru.lim For balance section design constant

Reinforcement fy Xu.max /d
Grade
Fe 250,lim = Fe 415,lim = Fe 500,lim = 250 0.531
concrete
0.1489 fck 0.1381 fck 0.1330 fck 415 0.479
M15 2.333 2.071 1.995 500 0.456
M20 2.978 2.761 2.66
M25 3.722 3.452 3.325
M30 4.467 4.142 3.99
M35 5.211 4.833 4.655
M40 5.956 5.523 5.32

TABLE -36.3 FACTOR k

Over all 300 or 150 or
depth of slab 275 250 225 200 175
more less
k 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30

TABLE 36.4
Permissible Bond stress for plain bar in tension (IS : 456-2000)
Grade of concrete M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Design bond stress tbd N / mm2) 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9

TABLE 36.2
 Maximum shear stress tc.max (N/mm2)
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
tc.max (N/mm2) 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.7 4

TABLE -36.5 VALUE OF DEVLOPMENT LENGTH FACTOR (kd)

1. Grade of concrte M 20 M25
2. Grade of steel fe 250 fe 415 fe 500 fe 250 fe 415 fe 500
3. Bar in tension 46 47 57 39 41 49
4. Bar in compression 37 38 46 31 33 39
1. Grade of concrte M35 M40
2. Grade of steel fe 250 fe 415 fe 500 fe 250 fe 415 fe 500
3. Bar in tension 32 34 40 29 30 36
4. Bar in compression 26 27 32 23 24 29

TABLE 36.1 DESIGN SHEAR STRENTH (TC) OF CONCRETE (N/mm2)

100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
< 0.15 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.30
0.20 0.315 0.32 0.325 0.33 0.33 0.34
0.25 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
0.30 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.4
0.35 0.38 0.4 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.42
0.40 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.45
0.45 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.48
0.50 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.51
0.55 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.52
0.60 0.48 0.50 0.51 0.53 0.53 0.54
0.65 0.490 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.56
0.70 0.52 0.54 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.58
0.75 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.60
0.80 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.60 0.61
0.85 0.56 0.58 0.59 0.61 0.61 0.62
0.90 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.64
0.95 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.65 0.66
1.00 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68
1.05 0.61 0.64 0.65 0.67 0.68 0.69
1.10 0.62 0.66 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.70
1.15 0.63 0.68 0.67 0.69 0.70 0.71
1.20 0.64 0.70 0.68 0.70 0.71 0.72
1.25 0.64 0.72 0.70 0.71 0.73 0.74
1.30 0.64 0.72 0.70 0.72 0.74 0.75
1.35 0.65 0.73 0.71 0.73 0.75 0.76
1.40 0.66 0.74 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.77
1.45 0.67 0.75 0.73 0.75 0.77 0.78
1.50 0.68 0.75 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.79
1.55 0.68 0.75 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.80
1.60 0.69 0.76 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.81
1.65 0.70 0.77 0.76 0.77 0.80 0.82
1.70 0.71 0.78 0.77 0.78 0.81 0.83
1.75 0.71 0.79 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84
1.80 0.71 0.79 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84
1.85 0.71 0.79 0.79 0.81 0.83 0.85
 1.90 0.71 0.80 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86
1.95 0.71 0.80 0.81 0.83 0.85 0.87
2.00 0.71 0.81 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88
2.05 0.71 0.81 0.82 0.84 0.87 0.88
2.10 0.71 0.81 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.89
2.15 0.71 0.81 0.83 0.86 0.88 0.90
2.20 0.71 0.82 0.84 0.87 0.89 0.91
2.25 0.71 0.82 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.92
2.30 0.71 0.82 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.92
2.35 0.71 0.82 0.86 0.89 0.91 0.93
2.40 0.71 0.82 0.87 0.89 0.91 0.93
2.45 0.71 0.82 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94
2.50 0.71 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95
2.55 0.71 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95
2.60 0.71 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.94 0.96
2.65 0.71 0.82 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.96
2.70 0.71 0.82 0.89 0.93 0.95 0.97
2.75 0.71 0.82 0.90 0.94 0.96 0.98
3.00 and above 0.71 0.82 0.92 0.96 0.99 1.01
H FACTOR (kd)
M30
fe 250 fe 415 fe 500
37 38 46
29 31 37