Printed by the New Saint Thomas Institute 2016

Worksheet for

Catholic Apologetics Webinar

On Muhammad and Islam
With Taylor Marshall, PhD

Opening Quote from Saint Thomas Aquinas:

Muhammad seduced the people by promises of carnal pleasure to which the

concupiscence of the flesh goads us. His teaching also contained precepts that were
in conformity with his promises, and he gave free rein to carnal pleasure. In all this,
as is not unexpected, he was obeyed by carnal men. As for proofs of the truth of his
doctrine, he brought forward only such as could be grasped by the natural ability of
anyone with a very modest wisdom. Indeed, the truths that he taught he mingled
with many fables and with doctrines of the greatest falsity. He did not bring forth
any signs produced in a supernatural way, which alone fittingly gives witness to
divine inspiration; for a visible action that can be only divine reveals an invisibly
inspired teacher of truth. On the contrary, Muhammad said that he was sent in the
power of his armswhich are signs not lacking even to robbers and tyrants.

- St. Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274), Theologian and Doctor of the Church. From his De
Rationibus Fidei Contra Saracenos, Graecos, et Armenos.

Timeline of Muhammads Life

570 Birth of Muhammad

~580 When Muhammad was about 9-12 years old, he met the Christian monk
Brother Bahira in the town of Bosra in Syria during his travel with a Meccan caravan,
accompanying his uncle Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib. When the caravan was
passing by his cell, the monk invited the merchants to a feast. They accepted the
invitation, leaving the boy to guard the camel. Brother Bahira, however, insisted that
everyone in the caravan should come to him. It was a miraculous movement of a
cloud that kept shadowing Muhammad regardless of the time of the day. The monk
revealed his visions of Muhammad's future to the boy's uncle (Abu Talib), warning
him to preserve the child from the Jews and Christians. Bahira found the
announcement of the coming of Muhammad in the original, unadulterated gospels,
which he possessed; the standard Islamic view is that Christians corrupted the
gospels, in part by erasing any references to Muhammad.
595 Muhammad marries his first wife Khadijah. He was 25. She was 40. They would
have 6 children together.
610 Muhammad receives prophetic ministry from an angel of light. He worried that
it was Satan. His wife told him it was the Angel Gabriel from the Christian Gospels.
613 Beginning of Muhammads public ministry in Mecca

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620 Muhammads Night Journey to Jerusalem

621 Muhammad marries Aisha, a six year old girl but waits 3 years to consummate
the marriage

Narrated Aisha: That the Prophet married her when she was six years old
and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old, and then she
remained with him for nine years (i.e., till his death). Sahih al-Bukhari,
7:62:64

622 Hijra, Muhammads emigration to Medina (and beginning of Muslim calendar.

A.H. After Hijra)
630 Conquest of Mecca
632 Death of Muhammad

Muhammad had 13 wives or concubines, who are revered as Mothers of the

Believers. Khadijah was the first. Aisha was the third. Maria the Copt was the
last.

Islam After Muhammad

661-750 Caliphate of Umayyad dynasty (Damascus becomes capital)

674 Muslim armies reach Indus River
678 Muhammads child wife Aisha dies at age 64
691 Dome of the Rock built on temple mount in Jerusalem
711 Muslim rule of Spanish territories begin
732 Oct 10 732 Charles Martel wins the Battle of Tours blocking Muslim
invasion into France
749-1258 Caliphate of Abbasid dynasty (Baghdad becomes capital)
751 Muslims defeat Chinese army in Central Asia & learn how to make paper from
prisoners of war.
765 Ismailis group form from Shiites following the 7th imam
873 Disappearance of the twelfth imam of the Shiites (And for the Shiites is awaited
as the Mahdi at the end of time.)
901-1174 Fatimid rule in North Africa (Shia Ismailis; named after Muhammads
daughter, Fatimah)
935-939 Conquest of Genoa
972 Al-Azhar University founded in Cairo (One of the oldest schools in the world;
named after a title given to Muhammads daughter, Fatimah: az-Zahra, the brilliant
or shining one.)
1055 Recently converted Seljuk Turks take over Baghdad
1099 First Crusade. Christians retake Jerusalem
1187 Saladin re-conquers Jerusalem
1204 Conquest of the Mongols into Russia, Silesia, Anatolia, Persia, and India
1236 Fall of Cordoba through Ferdinand III

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~1300 Marco Polo travels along Silk Road into China

1492 Spain becomes Catholic again
1501 Safavid Empire forms in Persia making Shia dominant (Will define modern
borders of largely Shia control: Iran and southern Iraq)
1517 Ottomans unify Near East: Egypt, Syria, Arabia
1520-66 Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent height of Ottoman power
1526 Ottomans conquer Hungary
1529 First siege of Vienna fails
~1600 First Muslim state in the Indonesian Islands
1683 Second siege of Vienna fails
1803-1818 First rule of the Wahhabis in Arabia
1920 League of Nations grants Lebanon & Syria to France
1922-32 Italys final conquest of Libya
1923 Proclamation of Turkish Republic
1924 The Last Muslim Caliph: Abdlmecid II of Turkey. Caliphate abolished
in Turkey and last of Ottoman line.

1928 Founding of Muslim Brotherhood (Egyptian group seeking an Islamic

government)
1932 Ibn Saud declares the Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
1946 Lebanon and Syrian states gain freedom from French Control. Palestine and
the Transjordan from British control.
1947 Muslim nation of Pakistan formed in its separation from India
1948 State of Israel formed in formerly British controlled Palestine (Creates massive
Palestinian refugee situation)
1953 Egypt becomes a republic
1954-1962 Algerian war of independence from France
1967 Six-Day War in which Israel quickly defeated the combined Arab forces of
Egypt, Syria and Jordan. Israel then occupied the West Bank of the Jordan river, the
rest of Jerusalem, the Gaza strip and the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula. A bitter defeat for
Muslims.
1972 Palestinian Black September Organization kills 11 Israeli athletes at Munich
games. Israel responds by bombing Palestinian refugee camps killing 200 to 500
people.
1973 Yom Kippur or Ramadan War in which the Egyptians and Syrians attacked
Israel and though they gained little, Arab positions were strengthened. After war,
Arab nations drive world oil prices up.

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2001 September 11th Terrorist Attack reawakens awareness of Islamic violence

against the West

Recommended Book: Rodney Starks Gods Battalions:

Examples of Errors in the Quran

Quran places Samaritans 600 years too early:

"[Moses] said, "O Aaron, what prevented you, when you saw them going astray,
from following me? Then have you disobeyed my order?" [Aaron] said, "O son of
my mother, do not seize [me] by my beard or by my head. Indeed, I feared that you
would say, 'You caused division among the Children of Israel, and you did not
observe [or await] my word.'" [Moses] said, "And what is your case, O Samaritan?" -
Quran 20:92-95

Assyria conquered the Jewish northern kingdom in 722 BC. Moses lived around
1500-1300 BC. Samaritans didnt exist till after 722 BC.

The Quran defines the Christian Trinity as Father, Jesus, and Mary:

And behold! Allah will say: "O Jesus the son of Mary! Didst thou say unto men,
'Take me and my mother for two gods beside Allah'?" He will say: "Glory to
Thee! Never could I say what I had no right (to say). Had I said such a thing thou
wouldst indeed have known it. Thou knowest what is in my heart, though I know
not what in Thine. For Thou knowest in full all that is hidden. [Quran 5:116]

O People of the Book! Commit no excesses in your religion: nor say of Allah aught
but the truth. Christ Jesus the son of Mary was (no more than) a messenger from
Allah, and His Word, which He bestowed on Mary, and a spirit proceeding from
Him: so believe in Allah and His Messengers. Say not "Three": desist: It will be
better for you: For Allah is One God: Glory be to Him: (Far Exalted is He) above
having a son. To Him belong all things in the heavens and on earth. And enough is
Allah as a Disposer of affairs. [Quran 4:171]

Quran identifies the Virgin Mary as Miriam, the sister of Moses and Aaron (which
would make the Virgin Mary over 1,000 years old). Clearly Muhammad or another
author of the Quran confused Mary/Miriam of the Old Testament with the Mary of
the New Testament:

At length she brought (the babe) to her people, carrying him (in her arms), They said:
"O Mary! Truly a strange thing has thou brought! "O sister of Aaron, thy
father was not a man of evil, nor your mother a woman unchaste!" Quran
19:27-28

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And Mary, the daughter of `Imran, ... Quran 66:12

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Certificate in Catholic Church History: Church Fathers

Module 1: Getting Started

1. Promotional Video Christianity is a Religion of History

Module 2: Redemptive History: Christ of the Covenants

1. Your Catholic Theology of History
2. Old Testament History in 11 Points A Named Sperm
3. 10 Commandments
4. Was Christ Born on Christmas? Date of the Birth of Christ
5. Good Friday: Searching for the Historical Date
6. What Happened to the 12 Apostles?
7. Historicity of Mary and the Date of the Assumption

Module 3: AD 70-155 Apostolic Fathers

1. Role of Bishop and Apostolic Succession

2. First Five Popes
3. Apostolic Fathers
a. Clement
b. Ignatius
c. Polycarp
4. Early Papacy and Date of Easter
5. Valentinius and Gnosticism
6. Marcion and Formation of Scripture

Module 4: AD 160-258 Early Christian Intellectuals

1. Saint Justin Martyr and Tatian the Heretic (100 165 AD)
2. Irenaeus (died c. AD 202)
3. Clement of Alexandria (150 c. 215)
4. Tertullian (155 c. 240)
5. Origen (184/185 253/254)
6. Saint Cyprian (c. 200 September 14, 258)

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Module 5: AD 258-325 Persecution and Legalization of Christianity

1. Diocletian Persecution
2. Martyrdom of Saint George Plus Icon Analysis
3. Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian
4. Martyrdom of Saint Agnes
5. Conversion of Constantine
6. Donatist Heresy

Module 6: AD 325-451 Christology Controversy

1. Antiochian vs. Alexandrian Theology
2. Arian Controversy Part 1 (Council of Nicea in AD 325)
3. Arian Controversy Part 2 (Council of Constantinople in AD 381)
4. Nestorianism (Council of Ephesus in AD 431)
5. Monophysitism (Council of Chalcedon in AD 451)
6. The Two Wills of Christ (Council of Constantinople III in AD 681)
7. Iconoclasm (Council of Nicea II in AD 787)

Module 7: 6 Early Doctors of the Church

1. Ambrose
2. Augustine
3. Leo the Great
4. St John Chrysostom
5. Gregory the Great
6. Cappadocia Fathers (3 Saints)
7. Jerome and Vulgate

Module 8: Review and Final

Review Help Sheet
Final Exam if you pass you receive your Certificate in Catholic Church History: Church
Fathers

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