Earthing calculation of Step & Touch Potentials of Power House

A. Design Parameter
1 Soil Resistivity 600
2 Surface Layer Resistivity s 50000
3 Fault Current If 101
4 Calculated Grid Current Ig 67.33333333
5 Duration of fault current t 1

Duration of shock determining

6 allowable body current ts 0.5
Conductor size selected , Steel
7 1020 flat 63x10
Diameter of conductor
8 choosen d 0.014
9 Ground Electrode Selected 0
10 Length of each electrode Lr 0

11 Depth of earth mat conductor h 0.3

12 Surface Layer Thickness hs 0.3
13 Grid Area S 5514
14 Weight of person W 70

Empirical constant for average

15 weight of a man 70/50 kg k 0.157
16 Maximum Grid Current IG 67.33
17 Current Divison factor Sf 0.67

B. Permissible Step & Touch

Potential
1 Permissible step potential Estep (1000+6Css)(k/ts)
2
Permissible touch potential Etouch (1000+6Css)(k/ts)

Reduction factor for derating

3 the normal value of surface Cs (1-0.09*(1-/s)/(2*hs+0.09)) 0.87113
layer of resistivity

Permissible Step Potential 58247.56

Permissible Touch Potential 14728.41

C. Earthing Layout

1 Length of earth mat L 240

2 Width of earth mat B 23
3 Spacing between parallel 2.5
conductor D
 4 7465
Total length of horizontal grid Lc
5 Peripheral length of grid Lp 526
6 Correction factor ki 4.84
7 Maximum length of the grid in
x-direction Lx 240
8 Maximum length of the grid in
y-direction Ly 23
9 Length of each earthpit rod Lr 0
10 Total length of ground rod LR 0
11 Symmetrical grid current IG 67.33
12 Geometric factor composed of
factors n 28.38
13 nb= 1 (for square grid)
14 nc= 1 (for square & rectangular grids)
15 nd= 1 (for square & rectangular grids & L shaped grids)
16 Grid reference depth= 1

D. Estimation of actual step & touch voltages

Sapcing factor for mesh km= 1/2[Ln(A+B-C)+D*Ln(E)]

voltage
A= D^2/(16*h*d)
B= (D+2*h)^2/(8*D*d)
C= h/(4*d)
D= (kii/kh)
E= 8/(*(2n-1))
Corrective factor that for adjust
for the effects of inner conductor kii= 1
on the corner mesh

Corrective factor that emphasizes kh= (1+h/h0)

the effects the grid depth
Mesh voltage Emesh= P*km*ki*IG*1000/L

Km= 0.333947659
kh= 1.14
na= 28.38

Hepmetrical factor for

obtaining step voltage values 1/3.14(1/(2*h)+1/(D+h)+(1/D(1-0.5^(n-2)))
ks= 0.77191386
Calculate tocuh potential km*ki**IG/(Lc+(1.55+1.22(Lr/(Lx^2+Ly^2)))*Lr
& Calculated step potential *ks*ki*IG/(0.75*Lc+0.85*Lr)

E touch(estimated)= 8756.067117
E step(estimated)= 26985.98371
As,
Etouch (permissible) > Etouch(estimated) Design is safe
Estep (permissible) > Estep(estimated) Design is safe
& L shaped grids)

121.9702 4.803777
0.877058 -2.70659 2.097191 0.333948
0.045685 -3.08598
 Earthing calculation of Step & Touch Potentials of Transformer Hall
A. Design Parameter
1 Soil Resistivity 430
2 Surface Layer Resistivity s 50000
3 Fault Current If 50
4 Calculated Grid Current Ig 33.33333
5 Duration of fault current t 1
6 Duration of shock determining
allowable body current ts 0.5

Conductor size selected , Steel 1020

7 flat 63x10

8 Diameter of conductor choosen d 0.014

9 Ground Electrode Selected 92
10 Length of each electrode Lr 3
11 Depth of earth mat conductor h 0.3
12 Surface Layer Thickness hs 0.3
13 Grid Area S 5514
14 Weight of person W 70
15 Empirical constant for average
weight of a man 70/50 kg k 0.157
16 Maximum Grid Current IG 33.33333
17 Current Divison factor Sf 0.666667

B. Permissible Step & Touch Potential

1 Permissible step potential Estep (1000+6Css)(k/ts)

2 Permissible touch potential Etouch (1000+6Css)(k/ts)

3 Reduction factor for derating the Cs (1-0.09*(1-/s)/(2*hs+0.09)) 0.870687

normal value of surface layer of
resistivity

Permissible Step Potential 58218.02

Permissible Touch Potential 14721.03

C. Earthing Layout

1 Length of earth mat L 215

2 Width of earth mat B 14

3 Spacing between parallel conductor D 2.5

 4 Total length of horizontal grid Lc 2726
5 Peripheral length of grid Lp 458
6 Correction factor ki 2.405782
Maximum length of the grid in x-
7 direction Lx 240
Maximum length of the grid in y-
8 direction Ly 23
9 Length of each earthpit rod Lr 3
10 Total length of ground rod LR 276
11 Symmetrical grid current IG 33.33333
Geometric factor composed of
12 factors n 11.90393
13 nb= 1 (for square grid)
14 nc= 1 (for square & rectangular grids)
15 nd= 1 (for square & rectangular grids & L shaped grids)
16 Grid reference depth= 1

D. Estimation of actual step & touch voltages

Sapcing factor for mesh voltage km= 1/2[Ln(A+B-C)+D*Ln(E)]
A= D^2/(16*h*d)
B= (D+2*h)^2/(8*D*d)
C= h/(4*d)
D= (kii/kh)
E= 8/(*(2n-1))
Corrective factor that for adjust for kii= 1
Corrective factor that emphasizes the kh= (1+h/h0)
Mesh voltage Emesh= P*km*ki*IG*1000/L

Km= 0.458816
kh= 1.140175
na= 11.90

Hepmetrical factor for obtaining step voltage va 1/3.14(1/(2*h)+1/(D+h)+(1/D(1-0.5^(n-2)))

ks= 0.771781
Calculate tocuh potential km*ki**IG/(Lc+(1.55+1.22(Lr/(Lx^2+Ly^2)))*Lr
& Calculated step potential *ks*ki*IG/(0.75*Lc+0.85*Lr)

E touch(estimated)= 5803.851
E step(estimated)= 13016.98

As,
Etouch (permissible) > Etouch(estimated) Design is safe
Estep (permissible) > Estep(estimated) Design is safe
r Hall
ngular grids)
ngular grids & L shaped grids)

(1-0.5^(n-2)))

/(Lx^2+Ly^2)))*Lr