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Coatings
Industrial Maintenance Guide
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Petrobras Standardized Coatings

For each specific application issue, Petrobras Standards establish standardized coating systems. In addition to the protection
characteristics displayed by this product types, WEG Coatings has a wide product line and coating systems specific for the
anticorrosive solution in industrial maintenance.

Standards Product Description Ref. WEG

*N 1195 - Type I High-build two-component polyamine epoxy finish LACKPOXI N1195 I
*N 1195 - Type II High-build two-component polyamine epoxy finish LACKPOXI N1195 II
*N 1197 Organic solvent based acrylic finish LACKPOXI N1197
*N 1198 - Type I Low thickness and high chemical resistance polyamine epoxy finish LACKPOXI N1198 I
*N 1198 - Type II Low thickness and high resistance in humid environments polyamine epoxy finish LACKPOXI N1198 II
N 1202 Two-component iron oxide polyamide epoxy primer LACKPOXI N1202
*N 1211 High build two-component iron oxide polyamide epoxy primer LACKPOXI N1211
*N 1232 Semi-gloss alkyd finish ALKLACK N1232
Liquid Coatings *N 1259 Two-component aluminum pigmernted phenolic finish ALKLACK N1259
*N 1265 Two-component black coal tar polyamide epoxy LACKPOXI N1265
Product Line Description/ Line Composition N 1277 Two-component zinc rich polyamide epoxy LACKPOXI N1277
*N 1342 Two-component aliphatic polyurethane LACKTHANE N1342
*N 1349 Two-component anticorrosive iron oxide pigmented polyamine epoxy LACKPOXI N1349
WEGTHANE / LACKTHANE Polyester: Aliphatic N 1514 - Type I e II High-temperature indicative coating TERMOLACK N1514 I e II
Polyurethane (PU) primer and finish Acrylic: Aliphatic *N 1585 Two-component iron oxide amide epoxy shop primer LACKPOXI N1585 SHOP PRIMER
N 1661 Two-component inorganic zinc silicate coating ETIL SILICATO ZINCO N1661
*N 1761 Two-component coal tar polyamine epoxy LACKPOXI N1761
WEGPOXI / LACKPOXI
*N 1850 Two-component zinc phosphate and iron oxide pigmented polyamide epoxy LACKPOXI N1850
Epoxy primer and finish Amides, amines, tar, zinc rich, moisture tolerant, sealer, isocyanate
N 2198 Two-component low thickness aliphatic isocyanate epoxy LACKPOXI N2198
N 2231 Inorganic zinc and aluminum silicate ETIL SILICATO ZINCO N2231 ALUMNIO
N 2288 Two-component special aluminum aromatic polyamine epoxy LACKPOXI N2288
N 2492 Alkyd gloss finish ALKLACK N2492
WEGLACK / ALKLACK
Nitrocellulose lacquer, oven drying alkyd, air drying alkyd N 2628 Two-component high solids, high build polyamide epoxy finish LACKPOXI N2628
Alkyd primer and finish
N 2629 Two-component solventless polyamine epoxy finish LACKPOXI N2629
N 2630 Two-component, high solids, high build zinc phosphate polyamide epoxy primer LACKPOXI N2630
N 2677 Two-component aliphatic acrylic polyurethane finish LACKTHANE N2677
N 2678 Two-component aluminum pigmented polyamine epoxy LACKPOXI N2678 ALUMNIO
WEGHIDRO
Water based primer and finish Alkyd/acrylic, alkyd/melamine, acrylic, epoxy ester, epoxy and polyurethane N 2680 Solventless epoxy coating for wet surfaces LACKPOXI 76 WET SURFACE PRIMER / ACABAMENTO
N 2851 Tar free and anticorrosive pigmented polyamide epoxy primer and finish WEG TAR FREE 712 N 2851
N 2912 High build novolac epoxy pirmer WEGPOXI BLOCK N 2912 TIPOS I, II e III

*Standards Cancelled by Petrobras but are still used in some specifications.

WEGCRIL
Single-component acrylic
Finish Standardized Color Chart
WEGZINC WEG color Color Petrobras Munsell WEG color Color Petrobras Munsell
Color Color
code designation color code designation code designation color code designation
Primer Zinc inorganic silicate
70000 Black 0010 N1 51820 Petrobras green 3355 2.5 G 5/10
10020 Dark gray 0035 N 3.5 50000 Pastel green 3582 5 G 8/4
WEGTERM 10030 Medium gray N5 51210 Green 7.5 G 6/4
Primer and finish Silicone based (up to 600 C) 10010 Light gray 0065 N 6.5 40010 Safety blue 4845 2.5 PB 4/10
10000 Ice gray 0080 N8 40000 Pastel blue 4882 2.5 PB 8/4
Epoxy based (up to 220 C)
60000 White 0095 N 9.5 41340 Blue 5 PB 2/4
30000 Aluminium 0170 * 40400 Blue 5 PB 6/8
Nobac 80000 Safety red 1547 5 R 4/14 40810 Petrobras blue 5134 7.5 PB 3/8
Antimicrobial and antifungal Epoxy based 80740 Iron oxide 1733 10 R 3/6 81840 Wine 1523 5 R 2/6

coating system Polyurethane based 75000 Piping brown 1822 2.5 YR 2/4
25000 Safety orange 1867 2.5 YR 6/14 Note: the gloss and color hue dispalyed on this chart must be
20040 Piping cream-coloured 2273 10 YR 7/6 taken only as guidance and can not be ensured compliance
with the original coating, thus it is not recommended to use
20010 Golden yellow 2287 10 YR 8/14 it as a color pattern in evaluation of painted surfaces.
21670 Petrobras yellow 2386 2.5 Y 8/12
Petrobras standard coatings Petrobras standard coatings
20000 Safety yellow 2586 5 Y 8/12
20030 Pale cream-coloured 2392 2.5 Y 9/4
50010 Safety green 3263 10 GY 6/6
50040 Badge green 2.5 G 3/4
*It does not have Munsell color code

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Color Usage
In addition to be an indispensable
element in environment
composition, color is also a
valuable assistant to obtain
signaling, as well as delimiting
areas, providing indications as
warning for ambiental conditions.
The color usage as signaling allows
an automatic reaction of the
observer, avoiding the person to
stop in front of the sign, read,
analyse and only then act according
its purpose. For that, its necessary
there is a consistency or a
standardization in color application
so that its meaning be always the
same, allowing an immediate
identification.
In order to guide and define this
task, NBR 6493 and NBR 7195
Brazilian Standards can be
consulted, which complement and
standardize primary colors for
signaling and safety inside
companies.
We suggest to establish
standardized colors by Munsell or
RAL color systems according it is
presented in our color chart.
Colors for Safety
WHITE 60000
Allocated areas for waste collectors,
drinkers, areas around emergency
equipment, for marking corridors of
people circulation only.
ORANGE 25000
Indicates danger with moving parts
in machinery and equipment, and
internal protection faces of electrical
boxes and devices which might have
been opened.
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1 - Levels of Oxidation
Four levels of rust have been specified, designated by the letters A, B, C and D, respectively, according to ISO 8501-1
standard.
WHITE 60000 ALUMINUM 30000 The mill scale is not steel and its natural trend is to be released from the steel. It is produced during the process of steel
Steam Liquified gases, flammables lamination in which the steel is heated up to 1250 C and results by the reaction with oxygen from air and the cooling water
and low viscosity fuels forming the mill scale form.
Level A Level B
Steel surface with intact adherent mill scale, with little or Steel surface with oxidation beginning and from which
without oxidation through all the surface. mill scale has started releasing or where it has suffered
little weathering action.
RED 80000 BROWN 75000
Water and other Fragmented materials (ores)
substances destined to and raw petroleum
fire fighting
ORANGE 25000 BLUE 40010
Non-gaseous chemical Compressed air
products
GREEN 50040 YELLOW 20000
Water except the one Non-liquified gases
destined to fire fighting
BLACK 70000 DARK GRAY 10020
Flammables and Electric conduit
high viscosity fuels
Level C Level D
Steel surface where all mill scale has been eliminated Steel surface where all mil scale has been eliminated
and which is observed a general uniform atmospheric and which is observed a general and severe
corrosion. atmospheric corrosion, featuring pits and alveoli.
GREEN 50010 YELLOW 20000 BLUE 40010
Identification of symbols Indicates warning, as Used to indicate a
and safety equipment. warning notices, attention to mandatory action, as the
dangerous places. use of PPE (Personal
Protection Equipment) and
to stop movement and
energizing of equipment
(for example: do not turn
this swtich on, do not
activate).
BLACK 70000 RED 80000
Indicates waste Identifies protection and fire fighting
collectors except the equipment and its location
health services origin including doors and emergency
collectors. exits.
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2 - Preparation Levels
Preparation levels defined by ISSO 8501-1 standard are: 2.2 - Abrasive Blasting Cleaning
It is obtained by the projection of abrasive particles propelled by a fuid - in general, compressed air - through the surface creating a
surface roughness profile.
g Surface preparation by abrasive blasting is designated by Sa letters.
2.1 - Cleaning by Mechanic and Manual Tools
g  Before going to the blasting chamber, grease, oil and fat must be removed from the piece by cleaning with solvent or degrease
g 
Surface preparation by cleaning with mechanic and manual tools (as scraping, sanding, brushing with brushes or discs) is
designated by St letters. agent. (according to SSPC-SP1).
g After blasting, dust and loose particles must be removed from the surface.
g In the same way, oil, grease, fat or other contaminants must also been removed by solvent cleaning or using degreaser
g  In visual inspection, there must be verified if the surface is free of oil, grease or fat, mil scale, oxidation, paint, foreign material with
agents (according to SSPC-SP1 standard).
g After preparation, surface must be presented free of dust and loose fragments. poor adhesion and analyze if the blasting pattern complies with Isso 8501-1 standard.

Manual St 2 Cleaning (According to SSPC-SP2)
Consists on the removal of the layer of oxides and other
materials not too adherent by manual tools as: sandpaper,
brushes and scrapers.
(Fotographic patterns: B St 2; C St 2 and D St 2).
Mechanic St 3 Cleaning (According to SSPC-SP3
Standard)
Consists on the removal of the layer of oxides other materials
not too adherent by manual mechanic tools as: rotating
brushes, needle hammers, sanding tools.
(Fotographic patterns: B St 3; C St 3 and D St 3).
Sa 1 Standard
Known as slight blasting (brush-off) or brush blasting, it is
not usually used for painting, except under some overcoating
situations.
Adherent product removal is about 5 percent range.
(Fotographic patterns: B Sa 1; C Sa 1 and D Sa 1).
Sa 2 Standard (According to SSPC-SP6 Standard)
Known as comercial blasting, it consists on a surface
cleaning removing oxides, mill scale, coatings and other in a
range of 50 percent of the surface. All the residual
contaminants must remain strongly adhered.
(Fotographic patterns: B Sa 2; C Sa 2 and D Sa 2).

Level A - St 2 cleaning method is not Level A - St 3 cleaning method is not Level A - Sa 1 cleaning method is not Level A - Sa 2 cleaning method is not
recommended for this corrosion level. recommended for this corrosion level. recommended for this corrosion level. recommended for this corrosion level.

Level B Level B Level B Level B

Level C Level C Level C Level C

Level D Level D Level D Level D

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Sa 2 Standard (According to SSPC-SP10 Standard) Sa 3 Standard (According to SSPC-SP5 Standard) 2.3 - Surface Roughness Profile
When specifying the painting process, it is advisable to
3 -Preparation Levels by
Defined as blasting to near white metal. Defined as blasting to white metal, it consists on a
Cleaning providing near complete oxide and mill scale surface cleaning with full oxide and mill scale removal, determine the surface roughness profile and the Hydroblasting
removal. Allows about 5 percent of then cleaned area providing a completely clean metal surface. Must present thickness of the paint layer must cover all the peaks of it.
containing light spots or shadows. a uniform metallic aspect. It is recommended the surface roughness profile must be
between 1/4 to 1/3 of painting system total thickness or Hydroblasting is used for metallic surface cleaning as well
(Fotographic patterns: A Sa 2 ; B Sa 2 ; C Sa 2 ; and (Fotographic patterns: A Sa 3; B Sa 3; C Sa 3; and
at most 2/3 of primer thickness. as the removal of loose materials, corrosion products,
D Sa 2 ). D Sa 3).
Surface roughness profile height must be set by using paints, rusts and incrustations hard to remove on steel
roughness meter. structures, floors, concrete and metal cuts, etc. However,
Most common surface roughness profile: 40 - 85 m. hydroblasting does not provide surface roughness profile.
It consists on the cleaning using ultra-high pressurized
water thrown over the surface. There are not used any
Table 1 abrasives, therefore all problems caused by any dust or
abrasive deposit are eliminated. So, it is recommended for
Level A Level A previously coated surfaces where there still was a
Maximum particle size which Profile
pass through the strainer maximum roughness profile.
Abrasive
height
ABNT NBR 5734
(m) 3.1 -Hydroblasting (SSPC-VIS 4/NACE VIS 7)
Gap (mm) The following photographic references illustrate 5 from 7 initial
Strainer
Steel grit (angular particles) according to RP - SAE - J - 444a standard conditions(1) described before surface preparation.
No - G 80 0.42 40 60
3.1.1. Initial Conditions
No - G 50 0.7 25 85
Condition A (not illustrated): steel structure completely
No - G 40 1.0 18 90
covered by intact and adherent mill scale, with none or
No - G 25 1.2 16 100
some corrosion;
No - G 16 1.7 12 200
Steel grit (spherical particles) according to RP - SAE - J - 444a standard Condition B (not illustrated): steel structure with
Level B Level B No S-110 0.6 30 50 beggining of atmospherical corrosion which mill scale has
No S-230 1.0 18 80 started to release;
No S-280 1.2 16 85
No S-330 1.4 14 90 Condition C: steel structure where mill scale has been
No S-390 1.7 12 95 removed by atmospherical corrosion or it can be removed
Bauxite 0.4 40 80 by scraping and might still present some alveoli;

Notes: Condio D: steel structure where mill scale has been

1 - Ther are no photographic patterns representing A Sa
1; A Sa 2; A St2 and A St 3 because these
preparation levels can not be achieved at all.
Level C Level C
2 - Apart from the used cleaning method type, the
following factors may affect the visual evaluation
results:
a) Another steel surface initial condition, besides the
standardized oxidation levels A; B; C and D;
b) The steel color itself;
removed by atmospherical corrosion and presents severe
intensity pitting corrosion;
Condition E: previously painted steel surface; slightly
coloured paint applied over surface cleaned by blasting;
most part intact paint;
Condition F: previously painted steel surface; zinc rich
coating applied over cleaned blasted steel; most part
intact coating;
Condition G: coating system applied over steel with mill
scale; coating system completely faded by weathering,
completely blistered or completely stained;

c) Different surface roughness profile zones, resulted Condition H: degraded coating system applied over
by irregular corrosion attacks or uneven material steel; coating system completely faded by weathering,
removal; completely blistered or completely stained.
Level D Level D
The photograph series that follow describe steel initial
d) Surface irregularities;
condition for initial conditions C, D, E, F, G and H (according
to section 3.1.1) and previously cleaned steel to achieve
e) Marks caused by tools;
SSPC-SP12/NACE WJ-1, WJ-2, WJ-3 and WJ-4 patterns.
f) Uneven lighting; 3.1.1.1. Other Conditions
When hydroblasting is used to remove paints and other
g) S
 hadows over the surface profile caused by contaminants from steel containing mill scale (conditions
abrasive oblique projection; A, B and G), mill scale is not removed. In that case, clean
steel appearance could be very similar to condition A or B.
h) Incrusted abrasive grains.

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Hydroblasting in Level C corrosion Light Cleaning Complete Cleaning Very Complete Cleaning Clean Substrate to Naked Metal

Initial Condition C C WJ-4 C WJ-3 C WJ-2 C WJ-1

Hydroblasting in Level D corrosion

Initial Condition D D WJ-4 D WJ-3 D WJ-2 D WJ-1

Hydroblasting in Level E corrosion

Initial Condition E E WJ-4 E WJ-3 E WJ-2 E WJ-1 E WJ-3 ALT

*E WJ-3 in an alternative illustration of WJ-3 condition

Hydroblasting in Level F corrosion

Initial Condition F F WJ-4 F WJ-3 F WJ-2 F WJ-1

Hydroblasting in Level G corrosion

Initial Condition G G WJ-4 G WJ-2 G WJ-1

G WJ-3

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Hydroblasting in Level H corrosion Light Cleaning Complete Cleaning Very Complete Cleaning Clean Substrate to Naked Metal

Initial Condition H H WJ-4 H WJ-3 H WJ-2 H WJ-1

Table 3
3.1.2. Final Condition 3.1.3. Notes
Steel surfaces can vary in texture, tonality, color, localized List of reference images illustrating Flash Rust levels
The several levels of cleaning without reoxidation (flash
rusting) are described by SSPC-SP12/NACE n 5 as: corrosion (pitting), flocculation and mill scale, which should List of reference images illustrating Flash Rust levels
be considered when compared with reference photographs.
Condition C 100% oxidation Condio D 100% oxidation with PITS
WJ-1 Clean substrate to naked metal The acceptable appearance variations which does not affect
WJ-2 Very complete cleaning or rigorous cleaning surface cleaning are: variations caused by steel type, surface Cleaning Level WJ-2 WJ-3 WJ-2 WJ-3
WJ-3 Complete cleaning original condition, steel thickness, welded metal,
WJ-4 Light cleaning manufacturing rolling mill marks, thermal treatment, heat Without Flash Rust C WJ-2 C WJ-3 D WJ-2 D WJ-3
affected zones and differences caused by initial abrasive Light Flash Rust C WJ-2 L C WJ-3 L D WJ-2 L D WJ-3 L
blasting or standard cleaning techniques. Moderate Flash Rust C WJ-2 M C WJ-3 M D WJ-2 M D WJ-3 M
Intense Flash Rust C WJ-2 H C WJ-3 H D WJ-2 H D WJ-3 H

There is also an explanatory table (table 2) which

complements the illustrations.

3.1.4.1. Without Flash Rust 3.1.4.4. Internse Flash Rust (H)

Steel surface when observed by naked eye does not present Steel surface when observed by naked eye shows an intense
Table 2 visible superficial oxidation. red/ brown coloured oxidation layer completely hiding
surface initial condition. Oxidation layer may occur distributed
List of reference images (without Flash Rust)
For several initial conditions and four cleaning levels 3.1.4.2. Light Flash Rust (L) evenly or through stains but oxidation is weakly adhered and
Steel surface when observed by naked eye presents a light easily to remove, making significative signs on a cloth when
Condition D
Condition E Condition F Condition G
Condition H superficial oxidation layer in yellow/brown color, easily slightly rubbed over the surface.
Surface initial Condition C Light color paint zinc rich paint coating system with multiple layers
condition 100% oxidation
100% oxidation
applied over blasted applied over blasted well adhered over steel with mill
coating system with multiple observed on steel substrate. Oxidation may occur distributed
with PITS damaged layers evenly or through localized stains, strongly adhered and 3.1.4.5. Appearance
steel steel scale
difficult to remove by cloth cleaning. When surface is still moist or wet it is usually correct to say
WJ-1 C WJ-1 D WJ-1 E WJ-1 F WJ-1 G WJ-1 H WJ-1 that it looks darker and color variations/flaws are magnified.
WJ-2 C WJ-2 D WJ-2 E WJ-2 F WJ-2 G WJ-2 H WJ-2 As the surface dries there are some stripes that are not
3.1.4.3. Moderate Flash Rust (M)
WJ-3 C WJ-3 D WJ-3 E WJ-3 F WJ-3 G WJ-3 H WJ-3 necessarily disclosed on this small photograph unit, but
WJ-4 C WJ-4 D WJ-4 E WJ-4 F WJ-4 G WJ-4 H WJ-4
Steel surface when observed by naked eye presents a light
might be clearly observed on larger areas. If stripes are
superficial oxidation layer in yellow/brown color that obscures
acceptable or not, it must be disclosed between contracting
original steel surface. Oxidation layer may occur distributed
parties. Stripes examples can be observed at C WJ-3 and C
evenly or through localized stains, but is moderately well
WJ-2 M. The following images illustrate flash rust levels along
adhered, causing slight signs on a cloth when it is scrubbed
3.1.4. Reoxidation (Flash Rust) with an explainatory chart complementing the images.
composition age as well as the time while steel had been over the surface.
The following reference images will illustrate 3 reoxidation
levels (C WJ-2; C WJ 2 and C WJ-2 H, according to what remained wet before drying.
will be explained in table 3 and its corresponding images). Table 3 complements reoxidation images.
Reoxidation or oxidation blossoming is a light steel
oxidation, which occurs on the drying period after
hydroblasting. It quickly changes its appearance. The
reoxidation color may vary depending on the steel

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Flash Rust levels in C Level after WJ2 Without Flash Rust Light Flash Rust Moderate Flash Rust Intense Flash Rust

Initial Condition C C WJ-2 C WJ-2 L C WJ-2 M C WJ-2 H

Flash Rust levels in C Level after WJ3

Initial Condition C C WJ-3 C WJ-3 L C WJ-3 M C WJ-3 H

Flash Rust levels in D Level after WJ2

Initial Condition D D WJ-2 D WJ-2 L D WJ-2 M D WJ-2 H

Flash Rust levels in D Level after WJ3

Initial Condition D D WJ-3 D WJ-3 L D WJ-3 M D WJ-3 H

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4 - Adhesion
After proper surface treatment and adequate application, application performance and protection might be evaluated by
adhesion tests.
4.1.3 - Results
Adhesion test must be done after minimum drying period for each coat. Whenever possible, adhesion test must be done on g 
X cutting: results must be expressed according to tables A.1 ands A.2. If there are intermediate situations, the highest value
surface representative bodies-of-proof (replicas) which is being coated. In that way it is avoided to damage the painting applied must be considered as a result. In example: for results between X1 and X2 the highest value will be considered, so it is X2. If
over equipment or structures. If not possible, test can be performed on the surface to be coated since the damaged area be layer detachment occurs and have been noticed, it must be registered.
a) dimensions: width 25 mm and thickness of 0.2 mm.
properly restored afterwards.
The tests are divided into 3 types: g  rid cutting: results must be expressed according to tables A.3. If there are intermediate situations, the highest value must
G
1) Adhesion test by X cut (method A), according to ABNT NBR 11003. be considered as a result. In example: for results between Gr1 and Gr2 the highest valeu will be considered, so it is Gr2.
2) Adhesion test by grid cut (method B), according to ABNT NBR 11003. If layer detachment occurs and have been noticed, it must be registered.
3) Adhesion test by traction (pull-off test), according to ABNT NBR 15877.

Table A.1 - detachment along the incisions Table A.2 - detachment on the intersection Table A.3 - detachment on the grid area
4.1 - Cutting Methods
g In order to proceed with the test by cutting methods the following instruments are needed:

Cutting device A: steel blade about 17mm wide and 19 2 cutting angle (image 1)
Cutting device B: six cutting edges set with distance of 2 mm (image 2)
X0- no detachment Y0- no detachment Gr0- no detachment
Adhesive tape with the following characteristics: along the incisions on the intersection on the grid area
a) dimensions: width 25 mm and thickness of 0.2 mm.
b) adhesion to steel: 55 gf/mm minimum.
c) Traction resistance: 4.6 kgf/mm minimum.

Y1- detachment
X1- detachment from 1 mm up to 2
Gr1- about 5%
along the incisions mm on one or on
detachment on the
up to 1 mm both sides of the
grid area
intersection

Blades
transverse Y2- detachment
section X2- detachment over 2 mm up to 4
along the incisions Gr2- about 15%
mm on one or on
over 1 mm up to detachment on the
both sides of the
2 mm grid area
intersection

Image 1 Image 2

4.1.1 - X Cutting Method Y3- detachment

g 
4.1.2 - Grid Cutting Method X3- detachment
over 4 mm up to 6 Gr3- about 35%
Cutting method A (X cutting method) is used when the dry g  along the incisions
Cutting method B (grid cutting method) is used when the mm on one or on detachment on the
layer thickness is equal or greater than 70m. over 2 mm up to
g 
dry layer thickness is less than 70m. 3 mm
both sides of the grid area
For zinc rich primers (N-1277, N-1661, N-1841, N-2231), g Select a flat area free from imperfections dry and clean. intersection
there must be used X cutting test (method A) including g Perform cross sections at right angles in order to reach the
subsequent coats regardless dry layer thickness.
g 
substrate creating a grid of 25 squares.
Select an area as flat as possible free from imperfections g The cuts must be done with regular pressure and not
dry and clean.
g 
through impulses by a uniform and continuous movement
Measure area thickness where adhesion will be determine
of the device.
according to ABNT NBR 10443. g Use cutting device B. Y4- detachment
g Use cutting device A. X4- detachment Gr4- about 65%
over 6 mm on one
along the incisions detachment on the
or on both sides of
over 6 mm grid area
the intersection

Note: in case of 2 coats, NBR 11003 specifies that the test must be performed at every paint coating by following criteria:
1 - For the first coat (primer), consider specified thickness at the equipment/installation standard coating procedure.
2 - From the second coat and on, consider the total thickness of the previous coats specified at the equipment/installation standard coating procedure.

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4.2 - Traction Method (Pull-Off)
Pull-off test is generally performed by perpendicularly attaching a testing piece (dowel) to the coated surface by applying an
adhesive. After adhesive curing time a traction device is connected to the testing piece being aligned to provide perpendicular
tension over tested surface. The strength applied on the testing piece is gradually increased and observed until there is a
detachment of the material or a specific value is obtained. The coating system limited resistance is represented when a
material part is detached exposing the surface. The natura of the failure is classified according to adhesive and cohesive failure
percentage as well as the involved real interfaces and layers. Pull-off resistance is calculated based on the maximum indicated
load, instrument calibration data and original surface area submited to tension.
Obtained results must be evaluated according to testing instruments used.
4.2.1 - Testing Area
g 
The selection of the coated places to be prepared for
testing depends on the objectives and agreements
between contracting parties for its performance.
g 
Testing area is featured by at least three adhered dowels,
its surface must be flat, rigid and big enough to contain the
specified number of tests as well as to be resistant to an
opposing force.
g 
Spacing between each dowel must be enough to
accommodate the traction device.
4.2.2 -Temperature and Relative Humidity
g 
Temperature and relative humidity must be noted
during the occurrence of the test
4.2.2 - Testing Tools
g The following items will be used for testing:
a) Dowel: contact pin surface must be cleaned by abrasive
blasting and dust must be removed by a soft brush.
Avoid contact with contact pin surface due to not
contaminate it. Pin must be used up to maximum 24
hours after cleaning for better results.
b) A dhesive: Adhesive must be compatible with the testing
coating and its pull-off resistance can not be inferior to
specified traction test value.
c) Traction devices: there are 3 pull-off devices designed
for testing: manual operating, pneumatic operating and
hydraulic operating. Each one has specific operating
characteristics.
4.2.2.1 - Manual Operating Device
It is a portable manually operated fixed alignment device.
g Use procedure:
1- Center the power distributing ring on coated surface
concentrically aligned in relation to the test piece. Turn
handwheel or devices screw counterclockwise down
the clamp in order to fit under testing pieces head.
2- Align devices 3 articulated bases.
3- Eliminate gap between pin (dowel) and clamp.
4- Hold tightly the device with one hand and spin the
handwheel clockwise with the other one in a smooth
and constant way avoiding the device moving or sliding.
5- Do not exceed maximum pressure of 150 psi/s
(1MPa/s).
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6- Record both maximum pressure as well as the specific 4.2.3 - Results
piston. Conversion table of coating tension for 12.5mm For all tests until detachment, calculate the percentage of
dowel coating is on table provided for each piston. adhesive and cohesive flaws according to the corresponding
areas and locations on the testing system, composed by
layers of coating ou coating system applied and the adhesive.
A convenient scheme that describes testing system and
flaws occurrence as a whole is described in the following
table:
Table A.3 - detachment on gridded area
6- Tension strength must be raised to maximum or until
there is a system detachment on its weakest point.
When the detachment occurs scale will suffer a slight
2 - Y failure -
raise as the pull-off indicator will maintain apparent
cohesive
charge. Device scale indicates an approximate tension 1 - Y/Z failure
adhesive
directly in pounds by square inches (Psi) but it can also
be compared with calibration curve.
Pneumatic operating device.
7- Record the highest value reached by the reading of Y failure -
pull-off indicator. cohesive
Y/Z failure adhesive
4.2.2.2 - Hydraulic Operating Device
It is an automatic alignment device.
g Use procedures:
1- Follow general recommendations described at Testing
Area section (4.2.1).
2- C onfirm the pump pressure relief valve is completely 3 - D/Y failure 4 - C/D failure
open and the the pressure gauge is clear. Push down
completely the plunger lever on the plunger system.
3- Put the plunger system over testing pieces head and
D/Y failure C/D failure
connect the fast clutch to the testing piece. Close the
pressure relief valve in the pump.
4- Confirm the pump is on a well supported horizontal
surface. Start turning pumps handle until the pressure
gauge starts moving. Keep pumping at an even rate
not superior to 1 Mpa/s (150 psi/s) until the plunger
Manual operating device
detaches the testing piece from the coating.
5- Open the pumps relief pressure valve immediately after 6 - B failure
5 - B/C failure cohesive
the piece has detached. Pressure gauges pressure
coating
indicator will keep the maximum reading. Record the
detachment pressure and mark the testing piece for
further qualitative and quantitative analysis. B/C failure B failure
cohesive
coating
4.2.2.2 - Pneumatic Operating Device
It is a testing device with automatic alignment. It has a system
that controls pistons sets that operate in different load ranges
and can be provided an independent pressure source.
g Use procedure:
1- Follow general recommendations described at Testing 8 - A failure
Area section (4.2.1) 7 - A/B failure cohesive
2- P lace piston over testing piece bonded on tested coating substrate
and fasten the testing piece using central clamp. Leave at
least 1.6 mm gap between piston and bottom of the clamp
A/B failure A failure
in order to leave the seal get off enough to align when
cohesive
pressurized. substrate
3- Do proper pneumatic connections and open the
manifold turning . Describe testing surface as A substrate which further layers
4- Clear pressure measure system. or coats are described as B, C, D, etc. Adhesive referring
5-Press the button to control gas flow to the piston and layer is described as Y, which bonds it to the testing device
provide final valve adjustment in order to tension rate Hydraulic operating device. described as Z.
do not pass 1Mpa/s (150 psi/s) but reach its maximum
value in 100s.
Industrial Maintenance Manual 19
Cod: 50021180 | Rev: 00 | Date (m/y): 09/2014
The values shown are subject to change without prior notice.