GRAMMAR -LESSON 1A
SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS VERBS (REVIEW)
SIMPLE VERBS ARE FOR COMPLETED ACTIONS OR
PERMANENT SITUATIONS. CONTINUOUS VERBS ARE
FOR ONGOING ACTIONS OR TEMPORARY SITUATIONS.
PRESENT (SIMPLE A PERMANENT SITUATION)
A WHAT KIND OF MUSIC DO YOU LISTEN TO?
B I LOVE LATIN MUSIC. I LISTEN TO IT A LOT.
(CONTINUOUS A TEMPORARY SITUATION)
A WHAT KIND OF MUSIC ARE YOU LISTENING TO
CURRENTLY?
B I'M LISTENING TO A LOT OF LATIN JAZZ RIGHT NOW.
PRESENT PERFECT
(SIMPLE NOT AN ONGOING SITUATION)
A HAVE YOU EVER LIVED IN ANOTHER COUNTRY?
B NO, I'VE NEVER LIVED ANYWHERE ELSE.
(CONTINUOUS AN ONGOING SITUATION)
A HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN LIVING HERE?
B I'VE BEEN LIVING HERE FOR FIVE YEARS.
PAST (SIMPLE A COMPLETED ACTION)
A WHAT DID YOU DO FOR YOUR LAST BIRTHDAY?
B I WENT HOME AND HAD A BIG PARTY.
(CONTINUOUS AN ONGOING ACTION)
A WHAT WERE YOU DOING AT THIS TIME YESTERDAY?
B I WAS SITTING ON A BUS.
VERB + VERB + -ING
USE VERB + -ING AFTER CONSIDER, FINISH, IMAGINE,
MIND, MISS, AND SPEND (TIME):
I FINISHED DOING MY MASTER'S IN BUSINESS.
VERB + PARTICLE / PREPOSITION + VERB + -ING
USE VERB + -ING AFTER END UP, KEEP ON, THINK
ABOUT, AND PLAN ON:
I WASN'T PLANNING ON LEAVING JAPAN.
VERB + TO + VERB
USE TO + VERB AFTER AGREE, DECIDE, HAPPEN, OFFER,
SEEM, INTEND, AND EXPECT:
THEY AGREED TO PAY FOR KOREAN LESSONS.
VERB + -ING OR TO + VERB WITH THE SAME
MEANING
YOU CAN USE VERB + -ING OR TO + VERB AFTER BEGIN,
BOTHER, CONTINUE, LIKE, LOVE, HATE, AND
START. THE MEANING IS THE SAME:
SHOULD I BOTHER APPLYING?
SHOULD I BOTHER TO APPLY?
VERB + -ING OR TO + VERB WITH A DIFFERENT
MEANING
YOU CAN USE VERB + -ING OR TO + VERB AFTER
REMEMBER, STOP, AND TRY. THE MEANING IS NOT
THE SAME:
I STOPPED TALKING TO HIM. (WE DON'T TALK NOW.)
I STOPPED TO TALK TO HIM. (I STOPPED WALKING IN
ORDER TO TALK.)
MAKE KEY MOMENTS OF A STORY MORE
DRAMATIC:
THERE WERE ALL THESE TREES AROUND US, AND WE
WERE SO LOST. (PAST TENSE) AND WE'RE
THINKING, "OH, NO." AND WE'RE BOTH GETTING KIND
OF SCARED. (PRESENT TENSE)
IN CONVERSATION, WHEN YOU TELL STORIES, YOU CAN
USE THIS AND THESE TO HIGHLIGHT IMPORTANT
PEOPLE, THINGS, AND EVENTS: WE WERE ON THIS TRAIL,
/ THERE WERE ALL THESE TREES AROUND US. .
YOU CAN FOLLOW THESE STEPS TO WRITE A STORY:
SET THE GENERAL TIME OR PLACE
WHEN I WAS IN HIGH SCHOOL, CHEMISTRY WAS A
REQUIRED SUBJECT, BUT I WASN'T VERY
GOOD AT IT. . .
SET THE PARTICULAR TIME OR PLACE
ONE DAY, THE TEACHER ASKED US TO GIVE A SPEECH
ABOUT CHEMISTRY IN OUR
EVERYDAY LIVES . . .
DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENED
ON THE DAY OF THE SPEECH, I WAS EXTREMELY NERVOUS.
I REMEMBER LOOKING AT
ALL THOSE FACES, AND I WANTED TO RUN AWAY . . .
END THE STORY AND, IF POSSIBLE, LINK THE EVENTS TO
NOW
IT WAS A BIG CHALLENGE FOR ME TO MAKE THAT SPEECH,
BUT IT HELPED ME BECOME MUCH MORE CONFIDENT . . .
COMPARISONS WITH (NOT) AS . . . AS
YOU CAN USE AS . . . AS TO COMPARE PEOPLE AND THINGS.
USE AS . . . AS TO SAY THAT THEY ARE THE SAME,
AND NOT AS . . . AS TO SAY THEY ARE DIFFERENT IN SOME
WAY.
YOU CAN USE (NOT) AS + ADJECTIVE + AS:
THE PANTS ARE JUST AS COMFORTABLE AS MY JEANS.
(THEY'RE THE SAME.)
THE PANTS ARE NOT AS COMFORTABLE AS MY JEANS.
(THEY'RE LESS COMFORTABLE.)
YOU CAN USE (NOT) AS + DETERMINER + NOUN + AS:
SHE SPENDS AS LITTLE TIME AS POSSIBLE ON HER
MAKEUP.
SHE DOESN'T WEAR AS MANY BRIGHT COLORS AS SHE
SHOULD.
YOU CAN USE (NOT) AS + ADVERB + AS:
I TRIED AS HARD AS I COULD TO FIND THE RIGHT STYLE
FOR HER.
I DON'T LIKE SHORT HAIR AS MUCH AS LONG HAIR.
CLOTHES
SCARVES (BUFANDA) /TURTLENECK /V-NECK
MATERIALS
CASHMERE / COTTON / DENIM (JEAN) / LEATHER (CUERO)
POLYESTER /RUBBER (CAUCHO)/ SILK (SEDA)/SUEDE
(GAMUSA) / WOOL (LANA)
PATTERNS
FLORAL-PRINT (FLORAL) / PLAID (CUADROS) /POLKA-DOT
(PTOS) /STRIPED (RAYAS)
STYLES
BAGGY BOOT (BOTAS JEBE) / CUT FITTED (VESTIDO CORTO)
FLARED LONG (FALDA) /SLEEVED SHORT (POLO MANGA
CORTO) / SLEEVED SKINNY (POLO MANGA LARGA)
TIGHT (LICRAS)
GRAMMAR
THE SIMPLE PRESENT PASSIVE
YOU CAN USE THE PASSIVE WHEN THE "DOER" OF THE
ACTION IS NOT KNOWN OR NOT IMPORTANT.
IN THIS SENTENCE THEY IS THE "DOER", BUT WE DO NOT
KNOW WHO THEY ARE:
THEY CARVE THE SCULPTURES OUT OF ICE. (ACTIVE)
SO YOU CAN USE THE PASSIVE INSTEAD:
THE SCULPTURES ARE CARVED OUT OF ICE. (PASSIVE)
IF THE "DOER" OF THE ACTION IS IMPORTANT, YOU CAN
INTRODUCE IT WITH BY:

THE SCULPTURES ARE CARVED BY TEAMS FROM ALL OVER

THE WORLD.
STATEMENTS
USE SUBJECT + IS / ARE + (NOT) + PAST PARTICIPLE:

KIM-BAP IS MADE WITH RICE AND VEGETABLES.

IT'S EATEN COLD. IT'S NOT EATEN HOT.
INFORMATION QUESTIONS
USE QUESTION WORD + IS / ARE + SUBJECT + PAST
PARTICIPLE:

HOW IS KIM-BAP MADE?

YES-NO QUESTIONS
USE IS / ARE + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE:
IS IT EATEN HOT OR COLD?