Assignment No 2

Introduction to Database Systems

Submitted by:

Memoona Sadaf (3071-FBAS/BSCS/F15-A)

Submitted to:

Madam Asma Khatoon

Dated: 8th March 2017

Question no 1:

Data users:

Database clients are the person who truly utilize and take the advantages of database. There will

be diverse sorts of clients relying upon their need and method for getting to the database.

Types of Database users:

Application Programmers

Sophisticated Users

Specialized Users

Stand-alone Users

Native Users

System Analyst

Application Programmers:

They are the designers who connect with the database by method for DML questions. These

DML questions are composed in the application programs like C, C++, JAVA, Pascal and so

forth. These questions are changed over into protest code to speak with the database.

Example:

Composing a C program to create the report of representatives who are working specifically

division will include a question to bring the information from database. It will incorporate an

inserted SQL question in the C Program.

Sophisticated Users:
They are database engineers, who compose SQL questions to choose/embed/erase/refresh

information. They don't utilize any application or projects to ask for the database. They

specifically associate with the database by method for inquiry dialect like SQL. These clients

will be researchers, engineers, investigators who completely think about SQL and DBMS to

apply the ideas in their prerequisite. To put it plainly, we can state this class incorporates

originators and designers of DBMS and SQL.

Example:

As, Sophisticated end client incorporates designer's researcher, representative investigator and

others too completely acclimate then they offices of DBMS so as to execute their application to

meet their mind boggling prerequisites.

Specialized Users:

These are additionally modern clients, yet they compose exceptional database application

programs. They are the engineers who build up the mind boggling projects to the necessity.

Example:

These may be CADD systems, knowledge-based and expert systems, complex data systems

(audio/video), etc.

Stand-alone Users:

These clients will have remained solitary database for their own utilization. These sorts of

database will have readymade database bundles which will have menus and graphical interfaces.

Example:
On the off chance that individual databases utilizing prepared to-utilize bundled applications

ought to be kept up then remain solitary clients will look after this.

Native Users:

These are the clients who utilize the current application to associate with the database and

furthermore Native clients are unsophisticated clients who communicate with the framework by

conjuring one of the changeless application programs that have been composed already.

Example:

Online library framework, ticket booking frameworks, ATMs and so forth which has existing

application and clients utilize them to communicate with the database to satisfy their

solicitations.

System Analyst:

Framework Analyst decides the prerequisite of end clients, particularly gullible and parametric

end clients and creates determinations for exchanges that meet these necessities. Framework

Analyst assumes a noteworthy part in database plan, its properties; the structure readies the

framework prerequisite proclamation, which includes the possibility angle, monetary

perspective, specialized viewpoint and so on of the framework.

Example:

Frameworks examiners unquestionably aren't restricted to working just on programming

improvement ventures. However, for a few frameworks examiners, this is all they deal with. At

each phase of DBMS, they collaborate with software engineers, UX architects, QA analyzers, et

cetera, to fabricate frameworks.

Question no 2:

Centralized Database:

In a Centralized database, every one of the information of an association is put away in a solitary

place, for example, a centralized server PC or a server. Clients in remote areas get to the

information through the Wide Area Network (WAN) utilizing the application programs gave to

get to the information. The unified database (the centralized computer or the server) ought to

have the capacity to fulfill every one of the solicitations going to the framework, accordingly

could without much of a stretch turn into a bottleneck. Be that as it may, since every one of the

information dwell in a solitary place it less demanding to keep up and go down information.

Besides, it is simpler to keep up information uprightness, on the grounds that once information is

put away in an incorporated database, obsolete information is no longer accessible in different

spots.

Distributed Database:

In an distributed database, the information is put away gadgets that are situated in various

physical areas. They are not joined to a typical CPU but rather the database is controlled by a

focal DBMS. Clients get to the information in a disseminated database by getting to the WAN.

To stay up with the latest, it utilizes the replication and duplication forms. The replication

procedure recognizes changes in the conveyed database and applies those progressions to ensure

that all the dispersed databases appear to be identical. Contingent upon the quantity of conveyed

databases, this procedure could turn out to be extremely minded boggling and tedious. The

duplication procedure distinguishes one database as an ace database and copies that database.
This procedure is not convoluted as the replication procedure but rather ensures that all the

appropriated databases have similar information.

Difference between centralized database and Distributed database:

Centralized database Distributed database

The database is generally in one region The database is in numerous areas in

in Centralized. Distributed database

clients regularly utilize an Internet universal organization and clients tend

association with get to it to consistently communicate with a

nearby office

Example: Example:

Banks, (for example, ANZ) tend to Google utilizes Big-Table an appropriated

utilize unified databases. DBMS as seeking has a tendency to be by

clients in a specific locale of the world.

Advantages Advantages

Expanded unwavering quality and Limit interchanges

accessibility Costs

Measured (incremental) development Neighborhood control

 Bring down correspondence costs

Quicker Response

Disadvantages Disadvantages

Programming expense and many-sided

Adds to unpredictability and cost
quality
Preparing overheads
Handling overheads
Information Integrity
Information uprightness
References:

Coronel, C., & Morris, S. (2016). Database systems: design, implementation, &

management. Cengage Learning.

Tay, Y. C. (2014). Locking performance in centralized databases (Vol. 14). Academic

Press.

Shute, J., Vingralek, R., Samwel, B., Handy, B., Whipkey, C., Rollins, E., ... &

Cieslewicz, J. (2013). F1: A distributed SQL database that scales. Proceedings of the

VLDB Endowment, 6(11), 1068-1079.