Culture Components of Culture

-as a complex whole that includes +Non-material culture

knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, morals,
customs and all capabilities and habits +Knowledge
learned by men as a result of group living. +Beliefs
Characteristics of Culture +Mores
+Culture is learned behavior +Laws
+Culture is socially shared +Taboos
+Culture is an integrated system +Sanctions
+Culture changes +Material Cultures
+Culture is a body of symbols Ideal culture
Enculturation
-is a cultural pattern composed of values,
-is the process of learning ones culture beliefs, knowledge, customs, and traditions
from the adults and people nurtured the considered by the society as the best ways
child of doing things.

Ethnocentrism Real culture

-is the belief that ones culture is superior to -is actually what people do and follow.
other cultures These are patterns of behaviour that people
do in their day-to-day interaction with other
Xenocentrism people.

-is the belief that cultures of the foreigners Family Planning

are better to ones culture
Culture Shock
-is the feeling of stress that people
experience when faced with other cultures
whose ways of living are different from their
own culture
-the practice of controlling the number of
children in a family and the intervals
between their births, particularly by means
of artificial contraception or voluntary
sterilization
Marriage

Cultural relativism -is the socially approved sexual and

-is the viewpoint that different cultures
should be understood in their own context
and that different cultures have their own
functions for the people who are practicing
them
economic union between two persons of the
opposite sex. It is a contract or a ceremony
that legitimizes sexual intercourse and
childbearing.
Universality of Marriage
-Marriage develops social bonds that
provide material needs, social support and
socialization of children
-Marriage defines the rights and obligations
of the members of the contracting parties
-Marriage creates new relationships
between families and kin groups that can
establish trade relationship and political
alliances
Rules on Mate Selection
-Exogamy
+Requires people to select their mate
outside their own group or social category
+Incest Taboo A specific rule of exogamy,
it is a universal prohibition against between
members of the nuclear family or kin
members because it is disruptive of the
family structure
-Endogamy
+A rule that demands people to select
mates from their own group or social
category
Rules on Secondary Marriage
-Sororate
+is the practice that compels the woman to
marry the deceased sisters husband
-Lavirate
+is the practice among Chuckee of Siberia
that requires man to marry the widow of the
deceased brother and care for his children
and herds
Rules on the Number of Spouses
-Monogamy
+is the rule that limits the person to one
spouse at a time
-Polygamy
+is the plural marriage of a man or a woman
+Polygyny - marriage of a man to several
women
+Polyandry refers to the marriage of a
woman to several men
Rules on Marital Exchanges
-Anthropological studies showed that marital
exchanges are functions of gender
stratification and the economy of the society
-Bride wealth
+the wealth given by the groom to his
brides family to legitimize his right to his
wifes child
-Bride service
+the practice of requiring a man to provide
labor to the household of his bride, to work
for his father-in-law for a certain period of
time, either before or after marriage
-Dowry
+the wealth given by the parents of the
bride to the husband of their daughter that
includes money, clothing, jewelry or any
household item.