Part 1.

1
Famous Statisticians : Pafutny Chebyshev.
Pafnuty Chebyshev (1821-1894) is a Russian mathematician who is well known for Chebyshevs
Theorem, which extends the properties of normal distributions to other, non-normal
1
distributions with the formula (1 ( 2 )) , as long as the distributions z scores absolute value is less

than or equal to k and the standard deviation is more than 1.

The inequality was originally known as the Bienaym-Chebyshev inequality after linguist Irene-Jules
Bienaym, the author of the original theorem.

Career
Pafutny Chebyshev was born on 16 May 1821 in Okatovo, Kaluga Region, Russia and Died on 8 December
1894 in St Petersburg, Russia. Over the course of his career he produced many notable papers, including
papers on statistics, calculus, mechanics and algebra. In 1847, he was appointed to the University of St
Petersburg after submitting a thesis titled On integration by means of logarithms. In 1850, he was
promoted to extraordinary professor at St Petersburg. Pafutny Chebyshev is perhaps the most famous
Russian mathematician and is considered the father of modern Russian mathematics.
 Contributions to Mathematics
Pafutny Chebyshev is probably most famous for the theorem thats named after him. However, he did
make several other notable mathematical contributions, including:

The Chebyshev inequality (not to be confused with his Theorem) which states that if X is a random
variable with standard deviation , then the probability that the outcome of X is no less than a\
1
away from its mean is no more than 2 .

Chebyshev polynomials.
Chebyshev Bias
His name has a variety of spellings, all derived from his original Russian-language name
. According to Princeton University, his name is alternatively spelled Chebychev,
Chebyshov, Tchebycheff or Tschebyscheff (the latter two are French and German transcriptions).
Fun fact: The moon crater Crater Chebyschev and the asteroid 2010 Chebyshev are named after him.

Chebyschevs crater on the moon.

Part 1.2
School A+ A A- B+ B C+ C D E G Total
SMK P 2 13 6 10 12 23 12 25 15 2 120
SMK Q 0 3 12 4 23 17 24 23 12 6 124
SMK R 1 5 5 4 16 14 26 16 19 7 113
SMK S 1 2 5 9 9 10 15 22 27 12 112
 a.

SMK P = = .

SMK Q = = .

SMK R = = .


SMK S =
= .

SMK P is the best in performance with the maximum number of student (percentage) who
pass the exam.

b.

SMK P SMK Q
2
Score f fx fx Score f fx fx2
0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 13 13 13 1 3 3 3
2 6 12 24 2 12 24 48
3 10 30 90 3 4 12 36
4 12 48 192 4 23 92 368
5 23 115 575 5 17 85 425
6 12 72 432 6 24 144 864
7 25 175 1225 7 23 161 1127
8 15 120 960 8 12 96 768
9 2 18 162 9 6 54 486
120 603 3673 124 671 4125

603 671
Mean = = 120 = 5.025 Mean = = 124 = 5.411

2 2 2 2
Standard deviation =
Standard deviation =

3673 4125
= (5.025)2 = 124 (5.411)2
120

= 2.315 = 1.996
SMK R SMK S
2
Score f fx fx Score f fx fx2
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 5 5 5 1 2 2 2
2 5 10 20 2 5 10 20
3 4 12 36 3 9 27 81
4 16 64 256 4 9 36 144
5 14 70 350 5 10 50 250
6 26 156 936 6 15 90 540
7 16 112 784 7 22 154 1078
8 19 152 1216 8 27 216 1728
9 7 63 567 9 12 108 972
113 644 4170 112 693 4815
644
Mean = = 113 = 5.699 693
Mean = = 112 = 6.188

2 2 2
Standard deviation =
Standard deviation =
2

4170
= 113 (5.699)2 =
4815
(6.188)2
112

= 2.103 = 2.169

SMK Q is the most consistent in student achievement ( = 1.996) , the standard deviation
measures how concentrated the data are around the mean and the more concentrated,
the smaller the standard deviation.

c. The two students with the grade B will made a huge impact on the performance of the
subjects in SMK R. The standard deviation from 2.10 become 2.11 and the percentage from
76.99 drop to 76.58.
Part 2
15
School A+ A
a. () = 17
SMK P 2 13
5
= 9 SMK Q 0 3
b.
SMK R 1 5
i. 27
C5 = 80730
ii. 4
C2 23C3 = 10626 SMK S 1 2
iii. 3
C3 24C2 = 276
c.
i. P5 = 120
5

ii. P1 3P3 1P1 = 12

2

2 3 2 1 1

A+ A A A A+

iii.
3 2 2 1 1

A A+ A A+ A

=32211
= 12

Part 3
9 1 2
a. = 27, = 27 = 3 , = 3
18 2
i. 27
100 = 66 3 %
ii. Standard Deviation =
1 2
= 27 3 3
= 2.449

b. = 9, = 0.3 , = 0.7
i. ( = 3) = 9C3 (0.3)3 (0.7)6
= 0.2668
ii. ( 2) = ( = 0) + ( = 1) + ( = 2)

( = 0) = 9C0 (0.3)0 (0.7)9 = 0.0404

( = 1) = 9C1 (0.3)1 (0.7)8 = 0.1556
( = 2) = 9C2 (0.3)2 (0.7)7 = 0.2668
 ( 2) = ( = 0) + ( = 1) + ( = 2)
= 0.0404 + 0.1556 + 0.2668
= 0.4628

Part 4
a. ~(46, 225)
mean = 46 , standard devition = 225
= 15

b. =

5246 f(z)
= = 0.4
15

c.
5246
i. ( 52) = ( 15
)
= ( 0.4)
= 0.3446
z
0 0.4

f(z)

3046
ii. ( < 30) = ( < )
15
= ( < 1.067)
= 0.1430

z
1.067 0
3046 5246
d. (30 52) = ( 15
15
) f(z)
= (1.067 0.4)
= 1 ( > 0.4) ( > 1.067)
= 1 0.1430 0.3446
= 0.5124

z
1.067 0 0.4

f(z)
e. Let minimum score is m
Total students = 469
10 0.0213
Probability of top ten students = 469 = 0.0213

z
0 46
15
 ( > ) = 0.0213
46
( > ) = 0.0213
15

46
= 2.028
15
= 76.42

4046
f. ( 40) = ( )
15
= ( 0.4)
= 1 ( 0.4)
= 1 0.3446
= 0.6554
=
= 0.6554 469
= 307.38
307 f(z)

g. The minimum score =

0.92
0.08
( > ) = 0.92

z
46 0

15
 46
( > ) = 0.92
15

46
= 1.406
15
= 24.91

Part 5
a.
65
Platinum , = 60 100 = 108.33
48
Gold , = 45 100 = 106.67
40
Silver , = 100 = 100
40
36
Bronze , = 35 100 = 102.86
b.
Index Weightage
Platinum 108.33 2 216.66
Gold 106.67 4 426.68
Silver 100 3 300
Bronze 102.86 1 102.86

=

1046.2
=
10

= 104.62
c.

Medal Index Weightage

108.33 110
Platinum = 119.16 2
100
106.67 100
Gold = 106.67 4
100
100 95
Silver = 95 3
100
102.86 100
Bronze = 102.86 1
100

d. =

2(119.16) + 4(106.67) + 3(95) + 102.86

=
10
= 105.29

16
e. = 100
14
16
100 = 105.29
455
16 = 479.07