7/3/2017 Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Treatment What the student needs to know | PADHAM HEALTH NEWS

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Students' Section

Monoclonal Antibodies in
Cancer Treatment What the
student needs to know
v>
Monoclonal antibody-based treatment of cancer has been established as
one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for both hematologic

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7/3/2017 Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Treatment What the student needs to know | PADHAM HEALTH NEWS

malignancies and solid tumours in the last 20 years. Targeted drug

therapies are being developed to specifically attack cancer cells than
traditional, toxic chemotherapy drugs.

When it all began

First generated in mice in 1975 using a hybridoma technique, Georges
Kohler and Cesar Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine in 1984. The initial combining of serological techniques for
cancer cell surface antigen and discovery with hybridoma technology led
to a series of landmark clinical trials that paved the way for new
generation antibodies against Tumour surface antigen Specific for
tumours like, CD Antigen 20 for NHL, CEA for Colorectal ca Growth
factor Her2 for ca breast.The first licenced monoclonal antibody was
Orthoclone OKT3.

Monoclonal antibody have su x or

stem and these class of drugs have
name end as mab , nib , nab or
mib.

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7/3/2017 Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Treatment What the student needs to know | PADHAM HEALTH NEWS

Pic courtesy: cancerresearchuk.org

What do they denote?

1. The names ending in mab.

MAB are antibodies engineered in the laboratory, to bind to specific

antigens on the surfaces of tumour cells. They may induce an
immunological response against cancer cells.

2. The names ending in nib

NIB has the suffix nib, that indicates a small-molecule inhibitor of kinase
enzymes. They are as follows:

tinib is used for tyrosine kinase inhibitors

anib for angiogenesis inhibitors

rafenib for RAF kinase inhibitors

alectinib for advanced non-small cell lung cancer

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7/3/2017 Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Treatment What the student needs to know | PADHAM HEALTH NEWS

cobimetinibfor advanced melanoma

lenvatinib for advanced thyroid cancer

osimertinib for non-small cell lung cancer

3. The names ending in mib

MIB is the suffix for protease or proteasome inhibitors. Mibs are small
molecules that work inside cancer cells to slow proliferation and increase
apoptosis. Proteasomes are enzymes found in cells which participate in
regulating cell function and growth. The inhibition of these enzymes can
lead to the death of cancer cells. Bortezomib and Ixazomib for multiple
myeloma.

4. The names ending in nab

NAB is Nanoparticle albumin-bound, nab technology, attaching cytotoxic

drugs to albumin and kill cancer cells.

Pic courtesy: kyowa-kirin.com

MAB Monoclonal antibody

Monoclonal antibodies are molecular engineered products that attack
cancer cells by a variety of immunological mechanisms.

Most targeted therapies are either small molecules or monoclonal

antibodies. Small-molecule compounds are typically developed for
targets that are located inside the cell because of their ability to enter
cells relatively easily. Monoclonal antibodies are relatively large and are
used for targets that are outside cells or on the cell surface.

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7/3/2017 Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Treatment What the student needs to know | PADHAM HEALTH NEWS

Before monoclonal antibodies are used in humans, they are humanised

by replacing as much of the mouse antibody molecule as possible with
corresponding portions of human antibodies. Some of the common MAB
s used are,

Adenocarcinoma of the stomach Trastuzumab

Bladder cancer Atezolizumab

Brain cancer Bevacizumab

Breast cancer Trastuzumab

Cervical cancer Bevacizumab

Giant cell tumor of the bone Denosumab

RCC Kidney Bevacizumab

Lymphoma Ibritumomab tiuxetan

Names for monoclonal antibodies, use stems. These include prefixes,

suffixes, and other indicators. Source identifiers are used as infixes
preceding the -mab

-umab (human)
-omab (mouse)
-ximab (chimera)
-zumab (humanized)

Drug Name PREFIX INFIX SUFFIX

MCA

CETUXIMAB Cetu xi Mab In x XI

denotes
chimeric in
origin

TRASTUZUMAB Trastu zu Mab In x ZU

denotes
humanized in
origin

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7/3/2017 Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Treatment What the student needs to know | PADHAM HEALTH NEWS

ADAIMUMAB Adai mu Mab In x U

denotes
human in
origin

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inhibits or blocks the enzyme tyrosine

kinase. The study of DNA, the cell cycle, and molecular signalling
pathways paved way for the development of TKIs. Growth factors like
EGF, PDGF, VEGFR are involved in the initialization and regulation of cell
cycles.

Imatinib blocks a kinase receptor from binding to ATP, preventing the

phosphorylation. Gefinitib inhibits EGFR. Sorafenib acts on kinase
signalling cascade. Nilotinib inhibits the fusion protein

Tyrosine kinase
Inhibitor

IMATINIB tinib

LENVATINIB tinib

ERLOTINIB tinib

v>
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