Professional Documents
Culture Documents
,PSDFW(YHQWV
3XQHHW-DLQ 9LNUDP6LQJK
'HSWRI&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH 'HSWRI&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH
1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\.XUXNVKHWUD 1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\.XUXNVKHWUD
+DU\DQD,QGLD +DU\DQD,QGLD
MDLQSXQHHW#JPDLOFRP YLNV#QLWNNUDFLQ
$EVWUDFW 7ZLWWHU KDV HYROYHG IURP EHLQJ D FRQYHUVDWLRQ RU 'XHWRWKHQDWXUHRIWKH,QWHUQHWDORWRIGDWDJHQHUDWHGLV
RSLQLRQVKDULQJPHGLXPLQWRDSODWIRUPWRSXEOLFL]HLQIRUPDWLRQ LQFUHGLEOH 'XULQJ D KLJK LPSDFW HYHQW VD\ XVHU VHDUFKHV IRU
DERXWKLJKLPSDFWHYHQWV1RZGD\VDQ\HYHQWVLQWKHUHDOZRUOG %UXVVHOV $WWDFN XVLQJ KDVK WDJ EUXVVHOVDWWDFN DOO WZHHWV
FUHDWH D FRUUHVSRQGLQJ IORRG RI WZHHWV RQ 7ZLWWHU EXW QRW DOO PDWFKLQJ WKH TXHU\ ZRUG DUH GLVSOD\HG WR XVHU LQ UHYHUVH
FRQWHQW SRVWHG RQ 7ZLWWHU LV WUXVWZRUWK\ IRU SURYLGLQJ FKURQRORJLFDORUGHU1RZDQHYHQWLQVXFKVL]DEOHPDJQLWXGH
LQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHHYHQW7KHSULPDU\REMHFWLYHRIWKLVSDSHU
SRVWV SUREOHPV LQ LGHQWLI\LQJ WZHHWV WKDW DUH FUHGLEOH>@
LV WR DQDO\]H WKH FUHGLELOLW\ RI LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ WZHHWV
FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR KLJK LPSDFW HYHQWV 7KH LGHQWLILFDWLRQ RI >@ )RU LQVWDQFH VRPH XVHUV PD\ PLVXVH VXFK DQ HYHQW IRU
FRQWHQW DQG VRXUFHG EDVHG IHDWXUHV ZLOO EH XVLQJ UHJUHVVLRQ SURPRWLQJ D SURGXFW WKDW PD\ EH UHYROXWLRQL]LQJ LQ WKDW
DQDO\VLV3URPLQHQWFRQWHQWEDVHGIHDWXUHVDUHQXPEHURIXQLTXH SDUWLFXODUFRXQWU\E\XVLQJWKHVDPHHYHQWKDVKWDJDORQJZLWK
FKDUDFWHUV VZHDU ZRUGV SURQRXQV DQG HPRWLFRQV LQ D WZHHW WKHLURZQ1RZVXFKGDWDEHFRPHVLQFUHGLEOH>@>@>@2Q
DQG XVHU EDVHG IHDWXUHV IRU LQVWDQFH QXPEHU RI IROORZHUV DQG WKH FRXUVH LQ WKLV SDSHU ZH LQVLQXDWH D UDQNLQJ VFKHPH WR
OHQJWK RI XVHUQDPH )XUWKHUPRUH LW UHYHUWV DW LPSOHPHQWLQJ DQ SUHVHQW XVHU D UDQNHG RXWSXW RI WZHHWV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH
DOJRULWKP WR LPSURYH WKH WUXVWZRUWKLQHVV DQG UHOHYDQFH FUHGLELOLW\RILQIRUPDWLRQLQWKHWZHHWV
DVVHVVPHQW RI PLFUR EORJV XVLQJ DXWRPDWHG UDQNLQJ WHFKQLTXHV
WR DVVHVV FUHGLELOLW\ DW WKH PRVW DWRPLF OHYHO RI LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ $ &RQWULEXWLRQDQG6FRSH
7ZLWWHULHDWWZHHWOHYHO,WDOVRLQFOXGHV85/DQG+DVK7DJV 7KLV SDSHU SULPDULO\ FRQWULEXWHV DQ DXWRPDWHG UDQNLQJ
EDVHGUDQNLQJWHFKQLTXHVZKLFKIXUWKHULPSURYHVWKHUHVXOWVDQG
WHFKQLTXH WR DFFHVV FUHGLELOLW\ DW WKH PRVW DWRPLF OHYHO RI
FUHGLELOLW\ RI WKH DOJRULWKP 7KH SUHIHUUHG DUFKLWHFWXUH XWLOL]HV
WKH IXQGDPHQWDO IHDWXUHV RI WZHHWV WR IXOO H[WHQW DQG SURYLGHV WZHHW $OWKRXJK VRPH RI WKH H[LVWLQJ WZHHW UDQNLQJ
XVHUZLWKWKHPRVWHIILFLHQWLQIRUPDWLRQ DSSURDFKHV > @ > @ XWLOL]HG WKHVH UHOHYDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ RXU
DSSURDFK ZH H[SORUHG LQWR WZHHW FRQWHQW UHODWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ
.H\ZRUGV 7ZHHW 5DQNLQJ 7ZHHW &UHGLELOLW\ 7ZLWWHU H[WHQVLYHO\ $V LQ SURSRVHG OD\HU DUFKLWHFWXUH IRU UDQNLQJ
6RFLDO0HGLD$QDO\WLFV7H[W$QDO\WLFV RIWZHHWVEDVHGRQ7ZLWWHUIHDWXUHVWRSLFDQGVRXUFHFDQDLG
LQ DVVHVVLQJ FUHGLELOLW\ RI LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ PHVVDJHV SRVWHG
, ,1752'8&7,21 DERXWDQHYHQW)XUWKHUZHGLVFXVVHGYDULRXVIXWXUHGLUHFWLRQV
:LWK WKH HYROXWLRQ RI RQOLQH VRFLDO QHWZRUNLQJ VLWHV DQG SRVVLEOH LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI XVHUFHQWULF V\VWHP IRU WKH
PLFUREORJJLQJPHGLXPVFKDQJHVKDYHRFFXUUHGLQODQGVFDSH VLPLODUSXUSRVH
RI ,QWHUQHW XVDJH ,QWHUQHW LV UHSODFLQJ WUDGLWLRQDO PHGLD IRU 7KH RYHUDOO DSSURDFK LV GHPRQVWUDWHG YLD GHYHORSLQJ D
LQVWDQFH WHOHYLVLRQ UDGLR HWF DV D VRXUFH RI REWDLQLQJ QHZV SURWRW\SHRIWKHSURSRVHGZRUN,QVHFWLRQ,,V\VWHPPRGHOLV
DQG LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW HYHQWV RFFXUULQJ DURXQG ,W LV D GHVFULEHGYLDDUFKLWHFWXUH PRGHORIWKHV\VWHPDQG IXUWKHULQ
SODWIRUPZKHUHSHRSOHVKDUHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGH[SUHVVDNDSRXU VHFWLRQ ,,$ KLJKOLJKWHG YDULRXV IHDWXUHV XVHG IRU FUHGLELOLW\
RXW LQIRUPDWLRQIHHOLQJV 7ZLWWHU LV RQH VXFK SODWIRUP ZKHUH UDQNLQJ ,,% SUHVHQWHG FUHGLELOLW\ UDQNLQJ DOJRULWKP ZLWK DQ
TXLFN UHVSRQVHV LQ FRQMXQFWLRQ WR KLJK FRQQHFWLYLW\ VSHHG H[DPSOH DOVR 6HFWLRQ ,,, LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ GHWDLOV DUH
KHOSVLQGLVVHPLQDWLRQRILQIRUPDWLRQWRDODUJHFRPPXQLW\LQ KLJKOLJKWHGDQGILQDOO\VHFWLRQ,9FRQFOXGHGWKHSDSHU
WKHVKRUWHVWVSDQRIWLPH>@>@>@7KLVLVSURSDJDWHGE\ % 5HODWHG:RUN
WKH WZHHWV LH WKH FRQWHQW DQG WKH DVVRFLDWHG PHWDGDWD DQG
,Q PRGHUQ GD\V ZHE EDVHG V\VWHPV RIIHU WKH UHDOWLPH
XVHU+RZHYHUQRWDOOFRQWHQWSRVWHGRQ7ZLWWHULVWUXVWZRUWK\
VHDUFKIRUUHWULHYLQJWKHUHDOWLPHEORJVYLGHRVLPDJHSRVWV
RU XVHIXO LQ SURYLGLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH HYHQW :KHQ
RUOLQNVIURPDQ\VRFLDOSODWIRUPRUV\VWHPRIPLFUREORJJLQJ
FRPSDULQJWUDGLWLRQDOPHGLDDQG7ZLWWHUWKHUHFRPHVDPDMRU
V\VWHPVIRUDXVHUUHTXHVW$IWHUUHWULHYLQJWKHUHTXHVWHGUHDO
GLIIHUHQFHLQWHUPVRIWKHGLVVHPLQDWLRQRIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQ,I
WLPHSRVWWKH\RIIHUUDQNLQJEDVHGRQWKHUHOHYDQFH2QHVXFK
WUDGLWLRQDO PHGLD LV WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW WKH VRXUFH RI
V\VWHPVLV&URZG(\H>@ZKLFKFRQVLGHUVDQXPEHURIIDFWRUV
LQIRUPDWLRQLVIHZ\HWFUHGLEOH1RQHWKHOHVVXVHUVRQ7ZLWWHU
LQFOXGLQJ FRQWHQW UHOHYDQFH DQG DXWKRU LQIOXHQFH ZKLFK
RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG DFW DV ILOOHU RI LQIRUPDWLRQ JDS GXULQJ DQ
DSSHDUVWRUHO\ KHDYLO\RQWKHQXPEHURI IROORZHUVDQDXWKRU
HYHQW
KDV $QRWKHU UHODWHG WRSLF LV EORJ VHDUFK DQG IRUXP VHDUFK
978-1-5090-5256-1/16/$31.00 2016
c IEEE 553
5HFHQWO\ PDQ\DSSURDFKHVIRUEORJVHDUFKDQGIRUXPVHDUFK LQWHUDFWVZLWKWZHHWHU$3,IRUUHWULHYDORIUHODWHGWZHHWVSRVWHG
KDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGZKLFKLQFOXGHOHDUQLQJWRUDQNPHWKRGV E\ YDULRXV XVHUV ZRUOGZLGH 7ZHHWHU $3, VLPSO\ H[WUDFWV DOO
DQG OLQNEDVHG PHWKRG >@ 6LPLODUO\ >@ GLVFXVVHV DQ WKH WZHHWV LQ ZKLFK XVHU UHTXHVWHG LQSXW WH[W DSSHDUV LQ
DSSURDFK IRU WZHHW UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ EDVHG RQ WKH 85/V RQ GLIIHUHQW SDUWV EDVHG RQ WUDGLWLRQDO VWULQJ VHDUFK 4XHU\
WZHHW WR LPSURYH WKH XVHU DWWHQWLRQ LQ LQIRUPDWLRQ VWUHDP $ UHILQHUDJJUHJDWHVWKHWZHHWVDQGVHQGVWRWKHWZHHWHUGDWDEDVH
WZHHW UHFRPPHQGHU LV GHVLJQHG FRQVXPLQJ WKUHH IHDWXUHV IRUWKHSURFHVVLQJ1H[WWZHHWSUHSURFHVVRUH[WUDFWWKHWZHHW
FRQWHQW VRXUFH WRSLF LQWHUHVW DQG VRFLDO YRWLQJ ,Q >@ D UHODWHGGHWDLOVDQGVHQGWRVSHFLILFPRGXOHVIRUWKHFUHGLELOLW\
GLIIXVLRQEDVHG UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ GXULQJ FULWLFDO HYHQWV YLD UDQNLQJJHQHUDWLRQ2QHVXFKLQIRUPDWLRQLVH[WUDFWHGUHODWHG
VLPSO\ RSWLPL]LQJ YDULRXV SDUDPHWHUV OLNH VWRU\ FRYHUDJH WR WKH XVHU SURILOH HJ QXPEHU RI IROORZHU QXPEHU RI
UHDGLQJ HIIRUW DQG GHOD\ WLPH RQ D VWRU\ LV LOOXVWUDWHG 7KLV IROORZLQJV HWF VLPLODUO\ WZHHW VHPDQWLF LQIRUPDWLRQ HJ
ZRUN LV PLOHVWRQH LQ WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI FUHGLELOLW\ EDVHG QXPEHURIUHWZHHWDJUHHPHQWVFRUHZLWKRWKHUWZHHWVQXPEHU
UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ RI WZHHWV $V LW LV SULPDULO\ EDVHG RQ WKH RI KDVKWDJ RU 85/V HWF 7KLV LQIRUPDWLRQ LV VHQW WR WKH
FRQVWUXFWLQJ DQ H[DFW GLIIXVLRQ JUDSK IRU PLFUREORJJLQJ VSHFLILF PRGXOH IRU WKH HYDOXDWLRQ RI LQGLYLGXDO VFRUH ,Q WKH
ZKLFK LV GLIILFXOW GXH WR WKH SUHVHQFH RI H[WHQVLYH LUUHOHYDQW ILQDO VWHS WKHVH VFRUHV DUH DJJUHJDWHG WR FRPSXWH WKH
SHUVRQDOPHVVDJHVDQGVSDP FUHGLELOLW\ UDQN EDVHG RQ ZKLFK WKH ILQDO UDQNLQJ RI SRVWHG
&UHGLELOLW\ DQDO\VLV RI 7ZLWWHU VWRULHV KDV EHHQ DWWHPSWHG WZHHWVIURPYDULRXVXVHUDUHUDQNHGDQGSUHVHQWWRXVHULQ8,
LQ >@ 7KH ZRUN WULHV WR FODVVLI\ 7ZLWWHU VWRU\ WKUHDGV DV
FUHGLEOHRUQRQFUHGLEOH2XUSUREOHPLVGLIIHUHQWVLQFHZHWU\
WR DVVHVV WKH FUHGLELOLW\ RI LQGLYLGXDO WZHHWV $V WKH IHDWXUH
VSDFH LV PXFK VPDOOHU IRU DQ LQGLYLGXDO WZHHW FRPSDUHG WKH
7ZLWWHU VWRU\ WKUHDGV WKH SUREOHP EHFRPHV KDUGHU )LQGLQJ
UHOHYDQWDQGWUXVWZRUWK\UHVXOWVEDVHGRQLPSOLFLWDQGH[SOLFLW
QHWZRUN VWUXFWXUHV KDV EHHQ FRQVLGHUHG SUHYLRXVO\>@>@
5HDO WLPH ZHE VHDUFK FRQVLGHULQJ WZHHW UDQNLQJ KDV EHHQ
DWWHPSWHG7KHLQYHUVHDSSURDFKRIFRQVLGHULQJWKHZHESDJH
SUHVWLJH WR LPSURYH WKH UDQNLQJ RI WKH WZHHWV 5DQNLQJ RI
WZHHWV FRQVLGHULQJ WUXVW DQG FRQWHQW SRSXODULW\ KDV QRW EHHQ
DWWHPSWHG
:HUHDOL]HGWKDWXVLQJRQO\FRQWHQWUHODWHGLQIRUPDWLRQIRU
UDQNLQJ PD\ OHDGV WR XQUHDOLVWLF RXWFRPHV DV LQ FHUWDLQ
RFFDVLRQ WKH LPSRUWDQW RI XVHU UHDVRQ SOD\V SLYRWDO UROH
6LPLODUO\ UHIHUULQJ RQO\ XVHU SURILOH UHODWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ IRU
UDQNLQJ OHDGV WR D UDQNLQJ PRGHO ZKLFK LV YXOQHUDEOH DQG
VHQVLWLYH WRZDUGV WKH DXWKHQWLFLW\ RI SURILOH LQ WKH HYHQW >@ )LJXUH$UFKLWHFWXUHRI&UHGLELOLW\5DQNLQJ6\VWHP
>@>@ +HQFH ZH SURSRVHG UDQNLQJ WHFKQLTXHV E\
% 7ZLWWHU'DWD&ROOHFWLRQDQG)HDWXUH'HVFULSWLRQ
LQFRUSRUDWLQJ XVHU DQG FRQWHQW UHODWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ WR GHILQH
WKH FUHGLELOLW\ RI WZHHWV ,Q WKLV SURFHVV WZHHW LQIRUPDWLRQV ,QRXUV\VWHPZHKDYHGHVLJQHGD8,IRUWKHXVHUWRVXSSO\
DUH H[WUDFWHG LQ UHDO WLPH DQG LQGLYLGXDO VFRUHV HYDOXDWHG IRU KLV TXHU\ DV WZHHWV FRQWDLQLQJ XVHU TXHU\ NH\ZRUGV DUH
JHQHUDWLRQRIUDQNV H[WUDFWHGLQUHDOWLPHYLDWZHHWHUM$3,7ZLWWHUM$3,HQDEOHV
UHVHDUFKHUV WR H[WUDFW WZHHWV LQ UHDOWLPH EDVHG RQ FHUWDLQ
,, 29(59,(:2)285$3352$&+ TXHU\ SDUDPHWHUV OLNH ZRUGV LQ WKH WZHHW WLPH RI SRVWLQJ RI
WZHHW HWF >@ >@ >@ >@ 7KH H[WUDFWHG WZHHW GDWD LV QRZ
2IWHQ WLPHV ZKHQ ZH RXUVHOYHV VXUI WKURXJK WKH SUHSURFHVVHG E\ TXHU\ UHILQHU DQG VWRUHG WKHP LQWR WZHHWHU
QHWZRUNLQJ VLWHV UHJDUGLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW DQ HYHQW ZH GDWDEDVHHDFKWZHHWLVVWRUHDVREMHFW/DWHUWZHHWREMHFWVDUH
PD\ QRW JHW ZKDW ZH DUH ORRNLQJ IRU>@>@ 7KHUHIRUH LW LV UHWULHYHG E\ WZHHW SUHSURFHVVRU DQG LQIRUPDWLRQ XQGHU HDFK
LPSRUWDQW WR QRWH WKDW 'DWD UHOHYDQF\ LV PRUH LPSRUWDQW WKDQ RIIHDWXUHVHWLVVHJUHJDWHGIURPHDFKWZHHWREMHFWV2QHRIWKH
WKH GDWD LWVHOI $V 7ZLWWHU LV JOREDOO\ DFFHSWHG DV D SODWIRUP PRVW LPSRUWDQW WDVNV WR UDQN V\VWHP LV WKH VHOHFWLRQ RI D
ZKHUHLQIRUPDWLRQLVSRVWHGDERXWDQHYHQWLWEHFRPHVKLJKO\ IHDWXUH VHW>@ :H H[SORLW IRXU W\SHV RI IHDWXUHV IRU
LPSRUWDQWWKDWWKHGDWD SURYLGHGLVFUHGLEOH>@>@>@7KH FUHGLELOLW\UDQNLQJRIWZHHW
PDLQUHDVRQWRZRUNRQWKLVSURMHFWLVWRGHOLYHUDVROXWLRQDQG &RQWHQW UHOHYDQFHIHDWXUHV ZKLFKGHVFULEHWKHFRQWHQW
E\ GHVLJQLQJ D SURWRW\SH ZKLFK FDQ KHOS WR UHGXFH WKH UHOHYDQFH EHWZHHQ TXHULHV DQG H[WUDFWHG WZHHWV :H GR QRW
PD[LPXP SHUFHQWDJH RI LQFUHGLEOH GDWD WKXV PDNLQJ LW FRQVLGHUWH[WVHPDQWLFIHDWXUHVLQRXUDQDO\VLV
HIILFLHQWDQGUHOHYDQWWRWKHXVHU>@ $FFRXQW IHDWXUHV UHIHU WR DWWULEXWHV RI XVHU ZKLFK
LQIOXHQFH WKH WZHHWV LQ 7ZLWWHU ,Q RXU DQDO\VLV SURSHUWLHV
$ 6\VWHP0RGHO VXFKDVQXPEHURIIULHQGVIROORZHUVDQGVWDWXVPHVVDJHVRI
)LJXUH VKRZV WKH SURSRVHG DUFKLWHFWXUH RI WKH V\VWHP IRU WKHXVHUDVSDUWRIWKLVVHW
FUHGLELOLW\ UDQN RI WZHHWV UHODWHG WR D KLJK LPSDFW HYHQW $ 85/ VSHFLILF IHDWXUHV ZKLFK UHSUHVHQW WKH SDUWLFXODU
W\SLFDO XVHU VXSSOLHV KLV UHTXHVW LQ JLYHQ 8, 6\VWHP 8, FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WZHHWV VXFK DV UHWZHHW FRXQW DQG 85/V
554 2016 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (ic3i)
57 #QVXL 3URWHVW DJDLQVW *RYW
V IRU WKHLU
VKDUHGLQWZHHW:HJHWWKH3DJH5DQNRIWKHSDJHVZKLFKLV LQDFWLRQ LQ WKH 1,76ULQDJDU LVVXH
EHOLHYHG WR EH GHULYHG SDUWLDOO\ EDVHG RQ WKH K\SHUOLQNV LQ KWWSVWFRNFUF'4DQ\
57#QVXL168,FRQGHPQVWKHSROLFHEUXWDOLW\
WKH ZHE UHIHUUHG E\ WKH WZHHWV DQG LV SURSDJDWHG EDFN WR RQ VWXGHQWV DW 1,76ULQDJDU 9LROHQFH DJDLQVW
GHULYHUDQNLQJVFRUHVRIWKHWZHHWV VWXGHQWVZLOOQRWEHWROHUDWHGKWWSVWFR,'
57 #VXQDQGDYDVKLVKW :KHQ D 3DSHU IODJ LQ
+DVKWDJ EDVHG IHDWXUHV XVHUV DUH DOORZHG WR LQVHUW 1,7 6ULQDJDU FKDOOHQJHG $QWL1DWLRQDOV _ 0\
SLHFH RQ 1,76ULQDJDU
KDVKWDJV LQWR WKHLU WZHHWV WR LQGLFDWH WUHQGLQJ WRSLF >@ KWWSVWFR;'%=*<*]6
>@ DQGURLG LV D KDVKWDJ FROOHFW KDVKWDJV DSSHDUHG LQ 57 #$UXQEDMSDL5DMDQ
"
WZHHWV RI HYHU\ TXHU\ DQG VRUW WKHP LQ GHVFHQGLQJ RUGHU 1,76ULQDJDU
DFFRUGLQJWRIUHTXHQF\ #LEKDJZDBQK
57 #DBWUXWKVD\HU #B1$1B',1, 7R VROYH
7KHIHDWXUHVDUHJHQHUDOO\FRQVLVWVRIWH[WXDOWHUPVKHQFH DUH 1,76ULQDJDUZK\GHSXWH86(/(66&RORQLDO
QRUPDOL]HGLQWRQXPHULFYDOXHVDVVFRUHIRUWKHJHQHUDWLRQRI (UD%DEX " 1R FDSDEOH RIILFHUV LQ 0+5' "
#VPULWLLUDQLKWWSV
ILQDO UDQN RI WZHHWV>@>@ 7KH PDWKHPDWLFDO PRGHOLQJ IRU 57 #2IILFH2I5* 6WURQJO\ FRQGHPQ
ODWKLFKDUJHRQ1,76ULQDJDUVWXGHQWV:KHQZLOO
WKH FRQYHUVLRQ LV GLVFXVVHG LQ QH[W VHFWLRQ DOJRULWKP ,Q %-3 DOOLHV OHDUQ WKDW EUXWH IRUFH DJDLQVW
DOWKRXJK HDFK RI WKH IHDWXUH DUH UHODWHG LQ VRPH VHPDQWLF VWXGHQWVFDQQHY
57 #NLUWLBDDS 3URXG RI WKH ZD\ $$3 LV
ZD\V DV VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH 7KH HFRV\VWHP VKRZQ LQ EHORZ SHUIRUPLQJ LQ 'HOKL 'HOKL*RYHUQDQFH
ILJXUHGHSLFWVWKHV\VWHPDWLFIORZRIIHDWXUHVUHODWHGYDOXHVWR %-3:HVW%HQJDO B
1,76ULQDJDUKWWSVW
HDFKRWKHULQGHULYDWLRQRIILQDOFUHGLELOLW\UDQNRIDWZHHW 57 #DBWUXWKVD\HU #B1$1B',1, +RSH
#VPULWLLUDQL KDV ),5(' WKH XVHOHVV
FRQGHVFHQGLQJ&RORQLDO(UD0+5'%DEXVHHQ
LQ9LGHR1,76ULQDJDUKWWS
57 #PDQJODVKXEKDP #
' "" 1,76ULQDJDU
#&\EHU6LSDKL (
KWWSVWFR0.+U36
57 #7LPHV1RZ :H KDYH JDWKHUHG KHUH WR
KLJKOLJKWWKDWZHDUHFRQFHUQHGDERXWVDIHW\RI
RXUFKLOGUHQ3URWHVWLQJSDUHQW1,76ULQDJDU
57 #-XVW,QGLD + ,
_-.
_1,76ULQDJDUKWWSVWFR
#B1$1B',1, +RSH #VPULWLLUDQL KDV ),5('
WKH XVHOHVV FRQGHVFHQGLQJ &RORQLDO(UD
0+5'%DEX VHHQ LQ 9LGHR 1,76ULQDJDU
KWWSVWFR/P10\8:=
#B1$1B',1, 7R VROYH 1,76ULQDJDU ZK\
)LJXUH$TXDGOD\HUHFRV\VWHPIRU&UHGLELOLW\5DQNLQJ GHSXWH 86(/(66 &RORQLDO(UD%DEX " 1R
FDSDEOH RIILFHUV LQ 0+5' " #VPULWLLUDQL
KWWSVWFR/P10\8:=
57 #$QXSDP3NKHU 'HDU 1,76ULQDJDU
& ([DPSOH VWXGHQWV<RXUFRXUDJHKDVEHHQ/RXG &OHDU
1RZ VKRZ YLFWRU\ ZLWK \RXU H[DP UHVXOWV ,
$ XVHU TXHU\ LQ SURSRVHG V\VWHP LV FROOHFWLRQ RI NH\ZRUGV VHQG\RXP\ORYH
57 #6ULQDJDU1LW 2XU EURWKHUV DQG VLVWHUV LQ
VXFK DV 1,7 6ULQDJDU ,QGLDQ &ULFNHW HWF 7KH UHOHYDQW -DPPX $ZD] GR KXP HNKDL 1,76ULQDJDU
WZHHWV SRVWHG E\ ZRUG ZLGH XVHUV DUH H[WUDFWHG WKURXJK KWWSVWFR09G)YTIX
#VPULWLLUDQL 0D
DP 7+,6 FRQGHVFHQGLQJ
WZHHWHU$3,WKHWZHHWVFRQWDLQLQJNH\ZRUGVIURPXVHUTXHU\ 81+(/3)8/LQGHFLVLYH&RORQLDO(UD0+5'
%DEX QHHGV WR EH OHW JR 1,76ULQDJDU
ZLOO EH UHWULHYHG DQG VXEVHTXHQWO\ SUHSURFHVVHG>@>@>@ KWWSVWFR/P10\8:=
7KH GLIIHUHQW WZHHW DQG XVHU SURILOH UHODWHG LQIRUPDWLRQV DUH 57 #.DSLO0LVKUD$$3 1RZ ZLWK
1,76ULQDJDU6WXGHQWV )LQDOO\ WKH\ KDYH
VHJUHJDWHGDQGNHSWVHSDUDWHO\IRUJHQHUDWLRQRIWKHILQDOUDQN 7LUDQJDKWWSVWFRJ.5$-D0DS.
7KH GLIIHUHQW VFRUHV DUH FRPSXWHG DV GLVFXVVHG LQ :HOOGRQH&RQJUDWV6WXGHQWVRI1,76ULQDJDU
QHHGVXSSRUWKWWSVWFR8'0)NR48
&UHG$OJRULWKP LQ VHFWLRQ ,,' (DFK SLHFH RI LQIRUPDWLRQ 57 #)DQVB%KDUDW #DEGXOODKBRPDU %HKDYH
7ROHUDWH DQWL %KDUDW VORJDQV RI 6HSDUDWLVWV
SOD\VDQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQWKHHYDOXDWLRQRIVFRUHIRUH[DPSOH ZKRP\RXUIRUHIDWKHUVJURRPHG"1,76ULQDJDU
WR FRPSXWH 8VHU5DQN 6FRUH RI D WZHHW ZH XVH QXPEHU RI KWWSVW
57 #VLQJKEDKUDW #QDUHQGUDPRGL
IROORZLQJ DQG IROORZHU WR WKH XVHU :H DVVXPH WKH IDFW D -.
XVHUVWUXVWZRUWKLQHVVSXUHO\EDVHGRQWKHERWKSDUDPHWHUV,Q 1,76ULQDJDUKWWSV
57 #0U6WDUNBB .HMUL EDFNHG SUHVVWLWXWHV
EHORZWDEOHYDULRXVVFRUHVDQGILQDOFUHGLELOLW\UDQNRIWZHHWV VLOHQW RQ .DLUDQD ZHUH DOVR VLOHQW RQ 0DOGD
DUH VKRZQ IRU WKH TXHU\ 1,7 6ULQDJDU LV VKRZQ 7KH 6FRUH 3XULQD 'U 1DUDQJ
LQLWLDOO\1,76ULQDJDU
PXUGHU -18
DUH FRPSXWHG EDVHG RQ WKH GHILQLWLRQ JLYHQ LQ &UHG5DQN 57 #$UMXQQRNKD 34 1,76ULQDJDU
DOJRULWKPLQVHFWLRQ,,' 6 89
7LUDQJD,Q1,7VULQDJDUKWWSVWF
57#6XGKLU)DQV:KHUHLV)UHHGRPRI6SHHFK
$JUHHP 1RZ -18 PHLQ1DDUH DQG 1,76ULQDJDU
3DJH 8VHU
7ZHHWV
HQW
5DQN
7DJ
5DQ
&UHG 6WXGHQWV WUHDWHG ZLWK 'LIIHUHQW PDQQHU
&RXQW 6FRUH 5DQN #6XGKLU&KDXGKDU\
6FRUH N
6FRUH
57 #UDMDQV
57 #%DKXJXQD6DNHW 9LVLWHG 1,76ULQDJDU
FRQJUDWXODWHG SDWULRWLF VWXGHQWV IRU WKHLU ILJKW
1,76ULQDJDU6
DJDLQVW VHSDUDWLVW HOHPHQWV GHPDQGV
KWW
9LVLWHG 1,76ULQDJDU FRQJUDWXODWHG SDWULRWLF 57#NLVOD\1,76ULQDJDULPSMQXURZ
VWXGHQWV IRU WKHLU ILJKW DJDLQVW VHSDUDWLVW LPS YHPXOD LPS EXW /Q7LQIRWHFK6FDP
HOHPHQWV GHPDQGV ZKR FDUHVVKDPH#$1,BQHZV #=HH1HZV
KWWSVWFR=5S31G5G #%HLQJLQG#Q
2016 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (ic3i) 555
' $OJRULWKP SURSDJDWHG WR WKH WZHHWV IRU UDQNLQJ )XUWKHU LQ FRQWHQW
DQDO\VLV ZH KDYH HQKDQFHG DJUHHPHQW FRPSXWDWLRQV DQG
&UHG5DQN$OJRULWKP H[WHQVLYH XVHU HYDOXDWLRQV 0RUHRYHU LQ 85/ DQG +DVKWDJ
DQDO\VLV ZH JHW WKH 3DJH 5DQN RI HPEHGGHG OLQNV ZKLFK
,QSXW/LVWRI7ZHHWREMHFWV7ZHHWL GHULYHV UDQNLQJ VFRUHV RI WKH WZHHWV DQG IUHTXHQFLHV DUH
2XWSXW5HUDQNHG7ZHHWV7ZHHW L5L FDOFXODWHGEDVHGRQXVHUVVHDUFKHVUHVSHFWLYHO\
6WHS&RPSXWH8VHU5DQN([WUDFWWKHXVHULQIRIURPWKHWZHHWV
)RUHDFKXVHULQH[WUDFWHGWZHHWVREMHFWV
,9 &21&/86,21
8VHU5DQN8L 1LDYJQM 1MZKHUH1L 1XPEHURI
IROORZHUVRILWKXVHU 7ZLWWHU DV RQH RI WKH PRVW SRSXODU PLFUREORJJLQJ
6WHS&RPSXWH7ZHHW5DQN VHUYLFHV SURYLGHV ODUJH TXDQWLWLHV RI IUHVK LQIRUPDWLRQ
&RPSDUHHDFKWZHHWVWULQJ6 LZLWKWZHHWVWULQJ6MIURPWZHHW LQFOXGLQJ UHDOWLPH QHZV FRPPHQWV FRQYHUVDWLRQ SRLQWOHVV
REMHFWV EDEEOH DQG DGYHUWLVHPHQWV 7ZLWWHU SUHVHQWV WZHHWV LQ
$JUHHPHQW FRXQWDL QM 6L 6M ZKHUH 6 LV WKH 7ZHHW FKURQRORJLFDO RUGHU ,QLWLDOO\ WZHHWV DUH UDQNHG EDVHG RQ
VWULQJ
$JUHHPHQW6FRUH$ L DLPLQD
FRQVLGHULQJWKHSRSXODULW\RI WZHHWVLQWHUPVRIWKH UHWZHHWV
,Q IXUWKHU GHYHORSPHQWV VRPH WHFKQLTXHV IRU WZHHW UDQNLQJ
6WHS&RPSXWH+DVKWDJ5DQN
DFFRXQW WZHHWV FRQWHQW DQG XVHU DFFRXQW UHODWHG IHDWXUHV
&UHDWHD+DVKWDEOHWDEOH
IRU WKH HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH WUXVWZRUWKLQHVV RI D WZHHW :H
^
&RXQW SURSRVH DQ DSSURDFK IRU WZHHW UDQNLQJ VWUDWHJ\ ZKLFK XVHV
` QRWRQO\WKHFRQWHQWUHOHYDQFHRIDWZHHWEXWDOVRWKHDFFRXQW
&DOFXODWH7DJVFRUHIRUHDFKKDVKWDJ DXWKRULW\ DQG WZHHWVSHFLILF IHDWXUHV VXFK DV ZKHWKHU D 85/
7DJVFRUH7L QM IUHTWDJLDYJ1M IUHTWDJLZKHUH OLQN LV LQFOXGHG LQ WKH WZHHW 7KLV DOVR KHOSV WR D XVHU LQ
QLVQXPEHURIKDVKWDJVXVHGLQWKHWZHHWDQG1 WRWDO
LGHQWLI\LQJ WUXVWZRUWK\ WZHHWV GXULQJ WKH KLJK LPSDFW HYHQWV
QXPEHURIKDVKWDJVXVHG
DQGDYRLGODUJHDPRXQWRISRLQWOHVVWZHHWVLQHYLWDEO\IORRG
6WHS&RPSXWH85/5DQN
)URP RXU DQDO\VLV RQ WKLV SDSHU ZH REVHUYH WKH IXWXUH
&RQYHUWWLQ\XUOWRFRPSOHWH8UO HQKDQFHPHQW LQ DFFXUDF\ DQG XVDELOLW\ E\ XVLQJ YDULRXV
)LQG3DJH5DQN3RIWKHXUOXVLQJ*RRJOH3DJH5DQN$3, PDFKLQH OHDUQLQJ WHFKQLTXHV &XUUHQW SURWRW\SH LV D GHVNWRS
EDVHGDQGFDQEHHQKDQFHGIRUWKHPRELOHEDVHGDSSOLFDWLRQV
6WHS&DOFXODWH)LQDO5DQN
$QRWKHU H[WHQVLRQ FDQ EH RQ WKH LQSXW PRGH LQVWHDG XVLQJ
)RUHDFKWZHHW
WH[W PRGH LQSXW D YRLFH PRGH LV HPEHGGHG 7KHUH DUH PDQ\
5L 8L$L7L3L$JJUHJDWHG5DQNIRUHDFKL WK
7ZHHW DVSHFWV ZH ZRXOG OLNH WR H[SORUH LQ WKH IXWXUH )LUVW WKLV
6WHS6RUWHG7ZHHW2EMHFWV5DQNV 5HWXUQOLVW5DQN L7ZHHWLWR
UHVHDUFK LV EDVHG RQ WKH VHDUFK UHVXOWV UHWXUQHG IURP 7ZLWWHU
WKHRXWSXWIUDPH ZKLFKFRQWDLQVWKHLQSXWTXHU\7KHWZHHWVQRWFRQWDLQLQJWKH
TXHULHV DUH QRW UHWXUQHG :H ZLOO H[SORUH TXHU\ H[SDQVLRQ
DSSURDFKHVWRLPSURYHWKHUHFDOORIWKHVHDUFKUHVXOWV:HGLG
,,, $1$/<6,6$1'&+$//(1*(6 QRW FRQVLGHU VSDP LVVXHV LQ WKH UDQNLQJ SURFHVV +RZHYHU
VSDPILOWHULQJLVLPSRUWDQWWRDOOW\SHVRIVHDUFKHQJLQHV:H
:H KDYH FRQGXFWHG H[SHULPHQWDO VLPXODWLRQV LQ ZLQGRZV
ZLOOH[SORUHWKHLPSDFWVRIVSDPDQGZRUNRXWDVSDPILOWHULQJ
EDVHG RSHUDWLQJ V\VWHP ZLWK 0% 5$0 7KH YDULRXV
PRGXOHV RI DUH GHYHORSHG LQ 1HW%HDQV ,'( DQG 7ZLLWHUM DSSURDFK
7ZLWWHUM LV D WZLWWHU $3, DQG -DYD OLEUDU\ VSHFLILFDOO\ 5()(5(1&(6
GHVLJQHGWRLQWHUDFWZLWKDQ\$3,EXLOWRYHUWZLWWHU7KLVDOVR
PDNHLQWHJUDWLRQRID-DYDEDVHGDSSOLFDWLRQZLWKWKH7ZLWWHU
>@ +.ZDN&/HH+3DUN60RRQ:KDWLV7ZLWWHUD6RFLDO1HWZRUN
VHUYLFH HDVLHU IRU SURFHVVLQJ DQG LQWHUIDFLQJ WKH UHODWHG GDWD RUD1HZV0HGLD"3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ
6LPLODUO\ *XDYD LV DQRSHQVRXUFHVHW RI FRPPRQ OLEUDULHV :RUOG:LGH:HE:::$&01HZ<RUN1<86$SS
IRU-DYD EXLOW E\ *22*/( DV VHUYLFH 7KH GHVLJQHG
SURWRW\SH LV WHVWHG RYHU PDVVLYH WZLWWHU GDWD UHWULHYHG IRU >@ $*XSWDDQG3.XPDUDJXUX7ZLWWHUH[SORGHVZLWKDFWLYLW\LQPXPEDL
GLIIHUHQW TXHU\ NH\ZRUG LQ UHDO WLPH 7KH FRPSDULVRQV RI EODVWVDOLIHOLQHRUDQXQPRQLWRUHGGDHPRQLQWKHOXUNLQJ",,,7'HOKL
UDQNHG WZHHWV DUH DOVR FRQGXFWHG IRU WKH YDOLGDWLRQ RI WKH 7HFKQLFDOUHSRUW,,,7'75
SHUIRUPDQFHRISURSRVHGDSSURDFK >@ $GLWL *XSWD DQG 3RQQXUDQJDP .XPDUDJXUX &UHGLELOLW\ 5DQNLQJ RI
,Q WKLV SDSHU ZH KDYH LPSOHPHQWHG D TXDGOD\HU WZLWWHU 7ZHHWVGXULQJ+LJK,PSDFW(YHQWV,Q,,,7'HOKL
HFRV\VWHP ZKLFK H[SORLWV H[SOLFLW DQG LPSOLFLW OLQNV LQ WKH >@ &URZG(\HKWWSZZZFURZGH\HFRP
FRUUHVSRQGLQJ OD\HUV $V WKH ILUVW VWHS WRZDUGV D FRPSOHWH >@ & &DVWLOOR 0 0HQGR]D DQG % 3REOHWH ,QIRUPDWLRQ &UHGLELOLW\ RQ
7ZLWWHU,Q:::SDJHV
UDQNLQJZHIRUPXODWHDUDQNLQJEDVHGRQDJUHHPHQWRIWZHHWV
2XU LQLWLDO HYDOXDWLRQV VKRZ LPSURYHPHQW RI SUHFLVLRQ DQG >@ & *ULHU . 7KRPDV 9 3D[VRQ DQG 0 =KDQJ #VSDP WKH
XQGHUJURXQGRQFKDUDFWHUVRUOHVV,Q3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHWK$&0
WUXVWZRUWKLQHVV E\ WKH SURSRVHG UDQNLQJ DQG DFFHSWDEOH FRQIHUHQFHRQ&RPSXWHUDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQVVHFXULW\
FRPSXWDWLRQ WLPLQJV ,Q WKH XVHU OD\HU ZH FRQVLGHU WKH >@ &KHQ -LOLQ 5RZDQ 1DLUQ /HV 1HOVRQ 0LFKDHO %HUQVWHLQ DQG (G +
FUHGLELOLW\RIWKHXVHUVEDVHGRQWKHIROORZHUUHODWLRQVKLSVDQG &KL 6KRUW DQG 7ZHHW ([SHULPHQWV RQ 5HFRPPHQGLQJ &RQWHQW IURP
SDVW WZHHWV 6XEVHTXHQWO\ DXWKRU FUHGLELOLW\ ZLOO EH
556 2016 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (ic3i)
,QIRUPDWLRQ 6WUHDPV ,Q WKH 3URF RI WKH WK ,QW &RQI RQ +XPDQ >@ 6 $ 0DFVNDVV\ DQG 0 0LFKHOVRQ :K\ GR SHRSOH UHWZHHW" DQWL
)DFWRUVLQ&RPSXWLQJ6\VWHPV3DJHV KRPRSKLO\ZLQVWKHGD\,Q3URF,&:60
>@ &KHQ =KL /L =KDQJ :HLKXD :DQJ 3RVWLQJ5DQN %ULQJLQJ 2UGHU WR >@ $ -DYD ; 6RQJ 7 )LQLQ % 7VHQJ :K\ ZH 7ZLWWHU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ
:HE )RUXP 3RVWLQJV ,Q WKH SURFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK $VLD ,QIRUPDWLRQ PLFUREORJJLQJXVDJHDQGFRPPXQLWLHV3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHWK:HE.''
5HWULHYDO6\PSRVLXP3DJHV DQGVW61$.'':RUNVKRSRQ:HE0LQLQJDQG6RFLDO1HWZRUN
>@ . 5 &DQLQL % 6XK DQG 3 / 3LUROOL )LQGLQJ FUHGLEOH LQIRUPDWLRQ $QDO\VLV :HE.''61$.'' $&0 1HZ <RUN 1< 86$
VRXUFHV LQ VRFLDO QHWZRUNV EDVHG RQ FRQWHQW DQG VRFLDO VWUXFWXUH ,Q SS
6RFLDO&RP >@ &&DVWLOOR00HQGR]D%3REOHWH,QIRUPDWLRQFUHGLELOLW\RQ7ZLWWHU
>@ 6XQ $DURQ 5 -LHVL &KHQJ DQG 'DQLHO ' =HQJ $ 1RYHO 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKHWK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ :RUOG :LGH:HE
5HFRPPHQGDWLRQ)UDPHZRUNIRU0LFUREORJJLQJEDVHGRQ,QIRUPDWLRQ :::$&01HZ<RUN1<86$SS
'LIIXVLRQ,Q WKH SURFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK :RUNVKRS RQ ,QIRUPDWLRQ >@ =<DQJ-*XR.&DL-7DQJ-/L/=KDQJ=6X8QGHUVWDQGLQJ
7HFKQRORJLHVDQG6\VWHPV UHWZHHWLQJEHKDYLRUVLQVRFLDOQHWZRUNV3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHWK$&0
>@ 6ULLWK 5DYLNXPDU 5DMX %DODNULVKQDQ DQG 6XEEDUDR .DPEKDPSDWL ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ ,QIRUPDWLRQ DQG .QRZOHGJH
5DQNLQJ 7ZHHWV &RQVLGHULQJ 7UXVW DQG 5HOHYDQFH $UL]RQD 6WDWH 0DQDJHPHQW&,.0 $&0 1HZ <RUN 1< 86$ SS
8QLYHUVLW\
>@ <DMXDQ'XDQ/RQJ-LDQJ7DR4LQ0LQJ=KRX$Q,PSHULDO6WXG\RQ >@ /+RQJ2'DQ%''DYLVRQ3UHGLFWLQJSRSXODUPHVVDJHVLQ7ZLWWHU
/HDUQLQJWR5DQNRI7ZHHWV8QLYHUVLW\RI&KLQD 3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH&RPSDQLRQRQ:RUOG
>@ 6DUDK 9LHZHJ $PDQGD / +XJKHV .DWH 6WDUELUG DQG /H\VLD 3DOHQ :LGH:HE:::$&01HZ<RUN1<86$SS
0LFUREORJJLQJ GXULQJ WZR QDWXUDO KD]DUGV HYHQWV ZKDW WZLWWHU
PD\FRQWULEXWH WR VLWXDWLRQDO DZDUHQHVV ,Q 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK
LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRQIHUHQFH RQ +XPDQ IDFWRUV LQ FRPSXWLQJ V\VWHPV &+,
SDJHV1HZ<RUN1<86$$&0
>@ 2QRRN 2K 0DQLVK $JUDZDO DQG + 5DJKDY5DR ,QIRUPDWLRQ FRQWURO
DQG WHUURULVP 7UDFNLQJ WKH PXPEDL WHUURULVW DWWDFN WKURXJK WZLWWHU
,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHPV)URQWLHUV
>@ .O 0DUFHOR 0HQGR]D %DUEDUD 3REOHWH DQG &DUORV &DVWLOOR 7ZLWWHU
8QGHU &ULVLV &DQ ZH WUXVW ZKDW ZH 57" ,Q VW :RUNVKRS RQ 6RFLDO
0HGLD$QDO\WLFV620$$&03UHVV-XO\
>@ $SDUQD%DVX6RFLDOQHWZRUNDQDO\VLVRIWHUURULVWRUJDQL]DWLRQVLQLQGLD
1RUWK$PHULFDQ$VVRFLDWLRQIRU&RPSXWDWLRQDO6RFLDODQG2UJDQL]DWLRQ
6FLHQFHV
>@ .DWKOHHQ&DUOH\0DWWKHZ'RPEURVNL0D[7VYHWRYDW-HIIUH\5HPLQJD
DQG 1DWDVKD .DPQHYD 'HVWDELOL]LQJ G\QDPLF FRYHUW QHWZRUNV ,Q
3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RPPDQG DQG &RQWURO 5HVHDUFK
9LHQQD9$(YLGHQFH%DVHG5HVHDUFK
>@ &DUORV &DVWLOOR 0DUFHOR 0HQGR]D DQG %DUEDUD 3REOHWH ,QIRUPDWLRQ
&UHGLELOLW\RQ7ZLWWHU,Q3URFHHGLQJVRI:RUOG:LGH:HE&RQIHUHQFH
:::SDJHV$&03UHVV)HEUXDU\
>@ %HUWUDQG'H/RQJXHYLOOH5RELQ66PLWKDQG*LDQOXFD/XUDVFKLRPJ
IURP KHUH L FDQ VHH WKH IODPHV D XVH FDVH RI PLQLQJ ORFDWLRQ EDVHG
VRFLDO QHWZRUNV WR DFTXLUH VSDWLRWHPSRUDO GDWD RQ IRUHVW ILUHV ,Q
3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO :RUNVKRS RQ /RFDWLRQ %DVHG
6RFLDO 1HWZRUNV /%61 SDJHV 1HZ <RUN 1< 86$
$&0
>@ $PDQGD /HH +XJKHV DQG /H\VLD 3DOHQ +XJKHV HW DO WZLWWHU DGRSWLRQ
DQG XVH LQ FULVLV WZLWWHU DGRSWLRQ DQG XVH LQ PDVV FRQYHUJHQFH DQG
HPHUJHQF\HYHQWV
>@ +DHZRRQ.ZDN&KDQJK\XQ/HH+RVXQJ3DUNDQG6XH0RRQ:KDWLV
WZLWWHU D VRFLDO QHWZRUN RU D QHZV PHGLD" ,Q 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK
LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRQIHUHQFH RQ :RUOG ZLGH ZHE ::: SDJHV
1HZ<RUN1<86$$&0
>@ 0DUFHOR0HQGR]D%DUEDUD3REOHWHDQG&DUORV&DVWLOOR7ZLWWHU8QGHU
&ULVLV &DQ ZH WUXVW ZKDW ZH 57" ,Q VW :RUNVKRS RQ 6RFLDO 0HGLD
$QDO\WLFV620$$&03UHVV-XO\
>@ %XVFK 0 *DGH . /DUVRQ % /RN 3 /XFNHQELOO 6 /LQ -
(DUO\ELUG 5HDOWLPH VHDUFK DW WZLWWHU ,Q ,((( WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
&RQIHUHQFH RQ 'DWD (QJLQHHULQJ ,&'( :DVKLQJWRQ '& 86$
$UOLQJWRQ9LUJLQLD$SULOSS
>@ 2]VR\ 0* 2QDO .' $OWLQJRYGH ,6 5HVXOW GLYHUVLILFDWLRQ IRU
WZHHW VHDUFK ,Q %HQDWDOODK % %HVWDYURV $ 0DQRORSRXORV <
9DNDOL$=KDQJ<HGV:,6(3DUW,,/1&6YROSS
6SULQJHU+HLGHOEHUJ
>@ 7HHYDQ-5DPDJH'0RUULV057ZLWWHUVHDUFKDFRPSDULVRQRI
PLFUREORJ VHDUFK DQG ZHE VHDUFK ,Q 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH )RUWK
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ:HE6HDUFKDQG:HE'DWD0LQLQJ:6'0
+RQJ.RQJ&KLQD)HEUXDU\SS
2016 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (ic3i) 557