Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UPGRADING PROJECT
IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF
MYANMAR
(Draft Final)
October 2016
Myanma Railways
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................1
1.1 Project Proponent ............................................................................................................................1
1.2 Purpose of the Study .......................................................................................................................1
1.3 Implementation Organization for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ..................................1
1.4 Overall Schedule of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ......................................................1
CHAPTER 2 POLICY, LEGISLATION AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ........................... 2-1
2.1 Legislations relevant to environmental conservation .................................................................. 2-1
2.2 Regulations for Environmental Impacts Assessment (EIA) ........................................................ 2-2
2.3 Projects Environmental and Social Standards ............................................................................ 2-6
2.4 Institutional Framework .............................................................................................................. 2-9
CHAPTER 3 EXISTING BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE
PROJECT AREA ............................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1 Social Environment ..................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Natural Environment ................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.3 Environmental Pollution ........................................................................................................... 3-11
3.4 Specific Conditions relevant to Yangon Circular Railway Line ................................................ 3-14
CHAPTER 4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ALTERNATIVE SECTION ...................................... 4-1
4.1 Project Background ..................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Objectives of Project ................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3 Project Location .......................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.4 Outline of Project ........................................................................................................................ 4-3
4.5 Project Alternatives ................................................................................................................... 4-11
CHAPTER 5 RESULTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING ............................................................ 5-1
5.1 Contents of Environmental and Social Consideration Study ...................................................... 5-1
5.2 Key Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures ................................ 5-1
5.3 Terms of Reference for EIA Investigation ................................................................................... 5-8
CHAPTER 6 FIELD SURVEY RESULTS .......................................................................................... 6-1
6.1 Air Quality Survey ...................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Water Quality Survey .................................................................................................................. 6-5
6.3 Soil Quality Survey ................................................................................................................... 6-13
6.4 Noise and Vibration Survey ...................................................................................................... 6-18
CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT FORECAST......................................... 7-1
7.1 Summary of Environmental Social Impact Assessment .............................................................. 7-1
7.2 Air Pollution .............................................................................................................................. 7-10
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
List of Tables
Page
Table 1.2-1 EIA Team Formation...................................................................................................................1
Table 1.4-1 Schedule for EIA Study (As of September, 2016) ......................................................................2
Table 2.1-1 Laws and Regulations on Environment .................................................................................. 2-1
Table 2.2-1 IEE and EIA Project List for Railway-related Projects........................................................... 2-3
Table 2.2-2 International Conventions/Agreements ................................................................................... 2-4
Table 2.4-1 Target Value of Water Quality for the Project ......................................................................... 2-6
Table 2.4-2 Noise Level set in NEQG ....................................................................................................... 2-8
Table 3.1-1 Some Data about Land and Demographic Conditions of 19 Townships ................................ 3-1
Table 3.1-2 Population of 19 Townships.................................................................................................... 3-2
Table 3.1-3 Percentage of Different Religions by Townships.................................................................... 3-3
Table 3.1-4 Percentage of Different Races by Townships ......................................................................... 3-3
Table 3.1-5 Occupation Status ................................................................................................................... 3-4
Table 3.1-6 Occurrence of Infectious Diseases by Townships ................................................................... 3-5
Table 3.2-1 Result of Tree Census ............................................................................................................. 3-9
Table 3.2-2 Protected Areas and their Locations in Myanmar ................................................................. 3-10
Table 3.2-3 Monthly Temperatures and Rainfall of Kaba-aye Station in Yangon (1981-2010)............... 3-11
Table 3.2-4 River Water Quality Data in Yangon..................................................................................... 3-12
Table 3.2-5 Water Quality in Channels Crossing the YCR Line .............................................................. 3-12
Table 4.4-1 Operation and Effect Indicator................................................................................................ 4-5
Table 5.2-1 Scoping Matrix ....................................................................................................................... 5-1
Table 5.2-2 Preliminary Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................... 5-6
Table 5.3-1 Terms of Reference in EIA Investigation ................................................................................ 5-9
Table 6.1-1 Air Quality Survey Location ................................................................................................... 6-1
Table 6.1-2 Duration for Air Quality Survey ............................................................................................. 6-2
Table 6.1-3 Parameter and Measurement Equipment for Air Quality Survey ........................................... 6-3
Table 6.1-4 Ambient Air Quality (Daily Average) at A-1 .......................................................................... 6-3
Table 6.1-5 Ambient Air Quality (Daily Average) at A-2 .......................................................................... 6-4
Table 6.2-1 Parameters for Water Quality Survey ..................................................................................... 6-5
Table 6.2-2 Sampling Points for Water Quality Survey ............................................................................. 6-5
Table 6.2-3 Analysis Method of Water Sampling ..................................................................................... 6-10
Table 6.2-4 Survey Results of Water Quality ........................................................................................... 6-12
Table 6.3-1 Parameters for Soil Quality Survey ...................................................................................... 6-13
Table 6.3-2 Sampling Points for Soil Quality Survey .............................................................................. 6-13
Table 6.3-3 Analysis Method of Soil Sampling ....................................................................................... 6-17
Table 6.3-4 Soil Quality Survey Results .................................................................................................. 6-17
Table 6.4-1 Parameters for Noise and Vibration Survey.......................................................................... 6-18
Table 6.4-2 Survey Schedule ................................................................................................................... 6-20
Table 6.4-3 Methodology for Measuring Railway Noise......................................................................... 6-21
Table 6.4-4 Methodology for Measuring Railway Vibration ................................................................... 6-21
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
List of Figures
Page
Figure 3.2-1 Overview of Topography of YCR ......................................................................................... 3-6
Figure 3.2-2 Soil Map of Yangon Region .................................................................................................. 3-7
Figure 3.2-3 Major Trees along YCRL ...................................................................................................... 3-8
Figure 3.2-4 Climograph of Kabaaye Station in Yangon (1981-2010) .................................................... 3-11
Figure 3.3-1 Existing Drainage System of YCR line ............................................................................... 3-14
Figure 3.3-2 Poor Drainage Conditions in YCR line ............................................................................... 3-14
Figure 3.4-1 Railway and Road Network in Yangon City ....................................................................... 3-15
Figure 4.1-1 Number of Registered Vehicles in Yangon Region ............................................................... 4-1
Figure 4.3-1 Map of the Location of Project Area ..................................................................................... 4-3
Figure 4.4-1 Priority of Train Operation Plan during Construction ........................................................... 4-6
Figure 6.1-1 Locations of Air Quality Survey ........................................................................................... 6-1
Figure 6.1-2 Air Quality Survey at A1 ....................................................................................................... 6-2
Figure 6.1-3 Air quality survey at A2 ........................................................................................................ 6-2
Figure 6.1-4 Wind Direction and Wind Speed at A-1 ................................................................................ 6-4
Figure 6.1-5 Wind Direction and Wind Speed at -2- ................................................................................. 6-5
Figure 6.2-1 Locations of Water Quality Sampling Points ........................................................................ 6-6
Figure 6.2-2 Water Sampling at W1........................................................................................................... 6-7
Figure 6.2-3 Water Sampling at W2 ........................................................................................................... 6-7
Figure 6.2-4 Water Sampling at W3 ........................................................................................................... 6-7
Figure 6.2-5 Water Sampling at W4 ........................................................................................................... 6-8
Figure 6.2-6 Water Sampling at W5........................................................................................................... 6-8
Figure 6.2-7 Water Sampling at W6 ........................................................................................................... 6-8
Figure 6.2-8 Water Sampling at W7........................................................................................................... 6-9
Figure 6.2-9 Water Sampling at W8........................................................................................................... 6-9
Figure 6.3-1 Location of Soil Quality Survey Points............................................................................... 6-14
Figure 6.3-2 Soil Sampling at S1 ............................................................................................................. 6-14
Figure 6.3-3 Soil Sampling at S2 ............................................................................................................. 6-15
Figure 6.3-4 Soil Sampling at S3 ............................................................................................................. 6-15
Figure 6.3-5 Soil Sampling at S4 ............................................................................................................. 6-15
Figure 6.3-6 Soil Sampling at S5 ............................................................................................................. 6-16
Figure 6.3-7 Soil Sampling at S6 ............................................................................................................. 6-16
Figure 6.4-1 Location of Noise and Vibration Level Measurement Point ............................................... 6-19
Figure 6.4-2 Aerial and Surrounding Photo of West-A-1 ........................................................................ 6-19
Figure 6.4-3 Aerial and Surrounding Photo of East -A-1 ......................................................................... 6-20
Figure 6.4-4 Aerial and Surrounding Photo of East -B-1......................................................................... 6-20
Figure 8.4-1 Organizational Structure of PMU for the YCR Upgrading Project ..................................... 8-13
Figure 9.4-1 Second Stakeholder Meeting for the Entire Section of YCR ................................................ 9-3
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List of Abbreviations
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Project Proponent
Project Proponent is Myanma Railways (MR) whose contract address is shown below:
2. Title of Project
The name of Project is the Yangon Circular Railway Line (YCR Line) Upgrading Project
(hereafter referred to as the Project) for which the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
was conducted in accordance with Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure (No.
616/2015) (herein after referred to as the EIA Procedure).
The transportation demand in Yangon City will continue to increase as the economy and
population growth. The transport model developed by the Comprehensive Urban Transport
Master Plan of the Greater Yangon (YUTRA) forecasts almost doubled mechanized trips,
from 4.9 million trips in 2013 to 9.5 million trips by 2035. Under such circumstances,
improvement of the YCR Line is considered as one of the most important transport
development projects in the Yangon Region, which was actually stated in the Myanmar
Development Cooperation Forum, held in January 2013. Alleviation of the traffic congestion
on roads paralleling the railway line is expected after improvement of YCR Line, which
generates some significant economic benefit in terms of savings in travel time, vehicle
operating costs, reduction of greenhouse gases, etc.
In this context, the Government of Myanmar (GOM) has officially requested support from the
Government of Japan with regard to the YCR Line Upgrading Project, through provision of a
Japanese ODA loan. The components requested by GOM include installation of a new signaling
system for the section between Yangon Station and Ma Hlwa Gone Station of the Yangon
Circular Railway (about 44 km) excluding a 2-km section between KP0+600 of the western
side and KP1+400 of the eastern side of Yangon Central Station and procurement of new Diesel
Electric Multiple Units (DEMUs).
The Environmental and Social Considerations study has been conducted in process of the
feasibility study (F/S) and basic design (B/D) stage of the Project. This EIA report has been
developed and updated based on the outputs of these past and on-going studies in line with
the EIA procedure in Myanmar and JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social
Considerations (2014).
4. Project Description
4.1 Project Area
The Project area is shown in Figure 1. The Project section except for the new DEMU
procurement covers whole Yangon Circular Railway Line (46 km in total).
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
The Project components consist of improvement of signaling system and procurement of new
DEMUs as an initial step towards modernization of the YCR Line. While, other works which
are required prior to execution of the components including civil work (drainage system,
fence, rail bridge rehabilitation, roadbed, etc.), track work (rail welding, track irregularity
improvement, etc.), power supply work, station work (high height platform), depot work, etc.
will be carried out by MR using its own budget. New DEMU which will be procured by the
Rolling Stock Procurement Works as part of the Project will be used in the YCR Line as a
whole.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
5. Baseline Study
The current environmental and social conditions in and around the Project area are shown in
Table 1. Field surveys of air quality, water quality, soil quality and noise and vibration were
conducted in and/or near the Project site. The other information on natural and social
environment was collected through the literature survey, reconnaissance survey and partially
from the socio-economic survey for the ARP.
Table 1 Current Environmental and Social Conditions in/around the Project Area
Item Description
I. Living Environment (Pollution Status)
1) Air Quality The monitoring survey of SO2, NO2, NO, CO, PM2.5, and PM10 for the ambient
air quality was conducted nearby two stations (one station is in urban area and
another one is in sub-urban area) of YCR Line for continuous seven days in
each of the location. PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded the National Environmental
Quality (Emission) Guideline Value in both survey points while NO2 level was
almost lower than the Guideline Value.
2) Water Quality Surface water samples were collected at six survey points of the creeks and
wastewater samples were collected at two survey points of the existing Depot.
In terms of effluent standard specified to railway facilities, TSS was
significantly higher than guideline value in every sampling point. Also, high
concentration of oil and grease was monitored in wastewater from the outlet of
the drainage channel in Insein DRC. At some points, total nitrogen, total
phosphorus and Iron also exceeded the guideline values to be compared. The
other measured parameters of surface water were within the range of guideline
value.
3) Soil Quality Totally, 6 points of soil samples were taken from the existing DRC and
expanded new DRC. More than 600 mg/kg of Iron (Fe) was detected at all
points. The other measured parameters complied with the generally permitted
level.
4) Noise and Vibration The baseline level of railway noise and vibration was confirmed in the survey
at two points of the eastern section and at one point of the western section of
YCR Line. The result ranged from 53 dB to 58 dB in the daytime and from 50
to 57 in the nighttime.
II. Natural Environment
1) Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity In the project area, almost all of the land along the YCR Line was highly
urbanized except some limited area in the north is used as an agricultural land.
Along the YCR Line, many trees were planted by MR for providing the
shading and visual amenity for train passengers and residents. According to
field survey, trees observed along the YCR Line include Malaysia Padauk,
Seinban, Malzali, Bandar, Kokko, Mango, Mahogany, Teak trees, etc.
2) Meteorology/Temperature and The City of Yangon is located in tropical monsoon climate, characterized by three
Rainfall distinct seasons, namely, summer (March to middle of May), rainy (Middle of
May to middle of October), and cool (Middle of October to February) seasons.
The mean monthly temperature is highest in April with 30.7 C (87.3 F) and
lowest in January with 25 C (77F). Rainfall in the City of Yangon is short in
duration and intensity and such a high intensity of rainfall is a major cause of
inundation problems in downtown Yangon. The study area abundantly receives
rain from May to October.
3) Topography/Hydrology The Yangon Railway Line runs in an area which is surrounded by three rivers.
This area consists of low flat land alleviated by the Yangon River and Bago
River and a hill area formed by an anticline continues from the north. The hill
area is located in the central area of Yangon and is surrounded by the lowland
area.
Most of Yangon area consists of fluvial flood plain which is associated with the
area lies in the delta of the Ayeyawaddy River and along Yangon, Hlaing and
Bago rivers and Nga Moeyeik Creek. According to the reports from MR, the main
flood cause in YCR is localized flood inundations in urban areas, but not river
floods or cyclones, etc. In addition, it is noted that the flooded railway sections
are observed in the southern part of YCR, namely Ma Hlwa Gone Station and
Hledan Station, of which the topographic features are flat.
4) Soil There are several soil types in Yangon Region: (1) meadow soils and meadow
alluvial soils, (2) clay and clay swampy soils, (3) swampy soils, (4) lateritic soils,
(5) yellow brown forest soils, (6) dune forest and beach sand, (7) mangrove forest
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Item Description
soils, (8) saline swampy meadow and gray soils. Of them, mostly found soil types
in the Project area are (1) meadow soils and meadow alluvial soils, and (2) lateritic
soils
III. Social Environment
1) Population Along the YCR Line, local communities are living in 19 Townships; Tar Mwe,
Pazuntaung, Mingalar Tahung Nyunt, Dagon, Botahtaung, Babe Dan, Kyauk Ta
Dar, La Thar, Lanmataw, Ahlone, Myeemyin Daing, Sanchung, Kamayut, Hlaing,
Mayankone, Insein, Mingaladon, North Okkalapa and Yan Kin. Lammadaw
Township has the highest population density, Pazun Taung Township follows as
the second highest and Mingaladon Township has the lowest.
2) Ethnicity Most of the people who live in 19 Townships are Bamar, followed by Rakhine
and Kayain.
3) Religion More than 80% of the people living in 19 townships are Buddhists, followed by
Islamic and Christian.
4) Land Use A number of building structures for residential and business activities is
observed within the ROW. Small-scale farming activities are found along the
YCR Line, using shallow ponds, cultivating water vegetables as small-scale
business activities of local people residing near the YCR Line.
5) Drainage System According to draft Feasibility Study Report of the YCR Line Upgrading
project (Sept 2015), the existing flow end of drainage of YCR is natural river
and pond. The existing drainage systems of YCR which were made by brick
wall have been installed along the railway partially. It is not feasible to
eliminate the possibility of flood event by the Project. It also requires the
improvement work of MR and cooperation with YCD.
6) Solid Waste Management Solid waste in Yangon City is generated from typical waste generators such as
residential areas, offices, and other commercial activities. The solid waste is
collected by the Pollution Control and Cleansing Department (PCCD) of
YCDC. The collected solid wastes are then transported to seven final disposal
sites (FDSs) including large scale (FDSs) such as Htantabin FDS and Htwae
Chaung FDS which are open dump sites.
7) Expected Scale of Resettlement Since the Project sites are mostly within ROW of MR and all the Project area is
public land, no land acquisition is required for the Project. However, some
structures such as house and shop along railway section, located within ROW of
MR, would be affected by the Project. In addition, some water logged spaces
within ROW of MR rented from MR for cultivation of vegetables would also be
affected by the Project. As of early August 2016, the number of expected PAHs is
30PAHs (137 persons). In addition, informal movable vendors selling vegetables
and other goods who are observed in some major stations such as the Da Nyin
Gone Station and Thamine Station will need be relocated.
Source: EIA Study Team
A-: Significant negative impact is expected, if any measures are not taken against the impact.
A+: Significant positive impact is expected.
B-: Negative impact is expected to some extent, if any measures are not taken against the impact.
B+: Some positive impact is expected.
C: Impacts are not clear and further examination is needed.
D: No impact is expected.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Assessment Result
Cl
Item Pr Assessment
CS OS DS S/P
S
oS
Flora, fauna & D B- D D D CS: It is expected hundreds of trees along the railway track will be cut
biodiversity or removed. Impacts on flora, fauna and biodiversity are expected to
be limited and temporary because trees observed along the YCR Line
are commonly found in public parks, other greenery areas and along
the roads in Yangon City.
Hydrological D C C D D CS: It is unknown whether drainage improvement works will affect a
situation/drainage hydrology and other drainage system around the project site.
system OS: A drainage condition of YCR Line will be better after improvement
of drainage system. However, it is unknown whether drainage
improvement works will affect a hydrology and other drainage system
around the project site.
Topography & D D D D D No large-scale alteration of land is expected due to construction work.
Geographical
Features
Social Environment
Involuntary B- B- D D D PrS/CS: Due to the project activities of new FOB installation, level
resettlement crossing works, safety fence installation, power supply and other small
building works, a certain number of structures including houses/shops
and project affected persons(PAPs) will be negatively affected.
However, no land acquisition is expected. Expected number of
PAHs/PAPs is 30 households/137 persons. Thus, MR as a project
proponent has prepared an Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan
(ARP) and plans to provide necessary compensation and support of
resettlement to these PAPs.
Poverty B- B- D D D PrS/CS: Due to removal and relocation of structures to be affected and
/B+ /B+ disturbance of vendor business activities, income of some PAPs and
vendors might be decreased temporarily. On the other hand, the
Project may create more and more employment opportunities for local
people including vulnerable group/the poor.
Indigenous people C D D D D In the census and socio-economic survey that was conducted in June-
& ethnic minority July 2016, indigenous people were not found in the project area. The
census survey for the ARP found that some Kayin, Shan, Muslim,
Hindu and other people other than the majority of Burmese in the
Project area. However, the impact on those minorities that would occur
in pre-construction stage is expected not very significant but currently
uncertain since it requires more detailed information of the respective
households.
Local economy B- B- A+ D D PrS/CS: During construction period of safety fence installation,
such as /B+ /B+ improvement of station facilities and other railroad works, vendors
employment and business activities at stations and along railway tracks will be stopped
livelihood or obstructed. Appropriate measures to continue their business
activities will need to be considered. On the other hand, some
temporary employment opportunities of residents for construction work
is expected.
OS: Through this Project, the existing YCR Line will be improved to
provide faster and safer service, which may give rise to more
convenience and comfort to passengers as well as making easier
access to working places and social services. In addition, passengers
delivering and selling agricultural products to consumers by train will
also be benefitted. These may result in improvement living condition
and acceleration of local economy growth.
(Surrounding) land D D D D D The project sites are mostly within ROW of MR along YCR and the
use and utilization project will not alter any (surrounding) land use and utilization of local
of local resources resources.
Water usage D D D D D Impact on water usage is not expected because water consumption for
construction and demolition work will be small.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Assessment Result
Cl
Item Pr Assessment
CS OS DS S/P
S
oS
Existing social D B- D D D CS: During a construction work period of new level crossing system
infrastructures and and other surrounding facilities, vehicle drivers and foot passengers
services will have some inconvenience and have to wait or use other roads
resulting in considerable congestion of road traffic at some locations
temporarily. It will also entail difficult accessibility between places in
surrounding area. An appropriate construction schedule and
arrangement will be required to minimize the traffic congestion and
confusion. In addition, there might be some inconvenience for YCR
Line users due to a railway operation limit for construction work on or
around railway tracks.
Equality of benefits B- D D D D The project itself intends to improve railway transport, which is major
and losses and portion of public transport in Yangon City. However, there would be
equality in the some misdistribution of benefit and damage between residents to be
development resettled and the general public/passengers.
process
Local conflicts of C C D D D PrS/CS: Some local conflicts that might be derived from informal
interests occupants to be affected by this YCR upgrading project and the other
informal occupants in MR land. Additionally, there would be some
conflicts between the PAUs who will be compensated and assisted by
the YCR project and informal occupants to be assisted by the YRGs
Squatter Clearance Plan regarding their entitlement packages.
Cultural heritage D D D D D The Kyee Myint Daing Railway Station and Yangon Central Railway
Station are registered as a Heritage Site of YCDC. However, YCR Line
upgrading works will not involve renovation of these historical buildings
or affect the cultural heritage.
Landscape D D D D D No law-based designated areas are found around the project areas
and change in existing landscape is expected to be negligible in all
project phases.
Gender D D B+ D D Any gender issues that would be caused by Project are not anticipated
in all stages of project activity. On the other hand, in operational stage,
the station facility improvement including the barrier free measures and
installation of lighting pole will improve safety for female passengers.
Childrens right D D B+ D D The project will not cause any adverse impact on childrens rights. On
the other hand, the accessibility to education and other services for
children will be improved by Project.
Infectious diseases D B- D B- D CS/DS: Risks for infectious diseases might be increased due to influx
such as HIV/AIDS of construction/demolition workers into the project area.
OS: In the operation stage, train operation and maintenance works will
be operated by existing MR staffs and risks for infectious diseases are
not anticipated due to influx of workers.
Working conditions D B- D B- D CS/DS: The construction and demolition works would involve
including occupational health and safety risk of accidents and diseases during
occupational construction/demolition work.
health and safety
Others
Traffic accident D B- B- D D CS: Some illegal encroachment such as crossing railways by walk and
/B+ occupation on railway yard with temporary huts, kiosks and vendors
are expected along the YCR Line sections. Not only construction
works but also those local people might get involved in accident on the
construction site. It shall be well controlled and managed by several
means such as an installation of notice board, security guard and
proper barricading.
OS: An increase in the frequency of trains and speed may result in an
increase in risk of traffic accidents. The installed safety fence,
installation of level crossings and automatic bars will minimize these
accidents. Further measures against railway accidents by MR will be
required.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Assessment Result
Cl
Item Pr Assessment
CS OS DS S/P
S
oS
Climate change D B- B- B- D CS/DS: Greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO2 due to construction
/B+ vehicles and machines will be generated on a small scale and
temporarily.
OS: GHG emission will be increased by increased frequency of trains
on upgraded YCR Line. On the other hand, renovation of YCR Line
may attract more passengers due to faster and safer operation than
existing train operation. This will enhance modal shift to railway
transport from road transport, that will result in reduction of GHGs.
Hazardous D B- B- B- D CD/DS: Construction or demolition work may pose the potential for
materials and oil release of fuel or hazardous substance that is used for equipment or
management construction/demolition work.
OS: Fueling stations have a potential risk of soil and water resource
contamination due to leaks and spills of fuel. Hazardous materials
such as solvents, acids and alkalis may also be used in maintenance
work of locomotives and rolling stocks.
Note:
A-: Significant negative impact is expected, if any measures are not taken against the impact.
A+: Significant positive impact is expected.
B-: Negative impact is expected to some extent, if any measures are not taken against the impact.
B+: Some positive impact is expected.
C: Impacts are not clear and further examination is needed.
D No impact is expected.
PrS: Pre-construction Stage, CS: Construction Stage, OS: Operational stage, DS: Decommissioning Stage,
CIS: Closure Stage, PoS: Post-closure Stage
Source: EIA Study Team
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Expected
Implement Managed Supervis
Category Item Environmental and Mitigations Measures
ed by by ed by
Social Impacts
Noise and Railway noise and 1) Regular maintenance of MR MR MONRE
vibration vibration due to wheels and tracks to reduce C
increase in the noise from contact between
frequency of train wheel and rail.
operation and speed 2) Installing sound barrier to
reduce noise disturbance in
a sensitive area
2) Consideration of other
measures depending on a
site conditions and
receptors
Social Accidents Railway accidents of Enlightening passengers MR MR MONRE
environment passengers and local and local residents about C
people traffic safety specific to
railways
Others Climate GHG emissions from 1) Efforts to improve rail MR MR MONRE
change diesel engines and energy efficiency such as C
train operation an Eco-driving
2) Evaluation of GHG
emissions from railway
business and development
of strategies to reduce GHG
emissions from rail services
in the future
Hazardous Spoil of fuel or 1) Training workers on Contractor MR MONRE
materials and hazardous substance appropriate handling of C
oil that is used for fuels and chemicals
management construction work 2) Measures for adequate
spill control and leakage
control system
Source: EIA Study Team
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Expected
Implement Managed Supervis
Category Item Environmental and Mitigations Measures
ed by by ed by
Social Impacts
Water pollution 1) Discharging turbid 1) Discharging turbid Contractor MR MONRE
water from water through C
construction site sedimentation ponds
2) Generation of 2) Installation of
domestic waste water portable toilets or
from temporary temporary septic
construction office or tanks for workers
related facilities 3) Preparing
discharged water
treatment system
Waste 1) Generating solid 1) Reduce, reuse and Contractor MR MONRE
waste from recycle of waste C
dismantling of railway 2) Waste disposal in a
facilities proper way including
2) Solid and liquid segregation of waste
wastes by temporary 3) Installation of
construction office temporary sanitation
and other facilities facility such as septic
tank
Noise and vibration Impacts of noise and 1) Installing noise Contractor MR MONRE
vibration by barrier and selecting C
demolition works low-noise equipment
as needed
2) No construction
activities with heavy
equipment during
night time if there are
any sensitive
receptors nearby
3) Prior notice of
demolition work
schedule near the
residential area
Social Infectious diseases Risks of infectious Trainings and Contractor MR MOH
Environmen such as HIV/AIDS diseases due to inflow awareness on public
t of workers for health for workers
demolition works of
YCR Line
Working condition 1) Accidents in the 1) Compliance with Contractor MR Ministry
including operation of requirement of Labor for
occupational health machinery and other Law Labour,
and safety demolition works 2) Preparation of a Immigrati
2) Risk of safety and health on and
occupational health management plan Populatio
and safety for workers and enlighten n
in case of severe occupational safety to
working conditions workers
3) Providing a proper
personal protective
equipment such as
helmet, safety jacket,
gloves and safety
shoes for workers as
needed
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Expected
Implement Managed Supervis
Category Item Environmental and Mitigations Measures
ed by by ed by
Social Impacts
Others Hazardous Spoil of fuel or 1) Training workers on Contractor MR MONRE
materials and oil hazardous substance appropriate handling C
management that is used for of fuels and chemicals
demolition work 2) Measures for
adequate spill control
and leakage control
system
Table 7. Environmental Mitigation and Management Plan (Closure Stage and Post-closure
Stage)
Expected Environmental Mitigations Implement Managed Supervis
Category Item
and Social Impacts Measures ed by by ed by
Pollution Soil contamination Residual impact of soil Remediation of Contractor MR MONRE
contamination from contaminated soil C
maintenance works in with proper
depot and other activities treatment, of any
contamination is
found
Source: EIA Study Team
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Supervised
Category Monitoring Item Location Frequency Monitored by
by
3) Monitoring of air quality, if needed site(s) 3) When
needed
Water quality 1) Site patrol Creeks 1) Monthly Contractor MONREC
2) Monitoring of parameters stipulated by nearby 2) Biannually (managed by
National Environmental Quality(Emission) construction MR)
Guideline site(s)
Waste 1) Site patrol and housekeeping at Construction 1) Monthly Contractor MONREC
construction site site(s) 2) Monthly (managed by
2) Checking waste-disposal method MR)
Noise and 1) Site patrol Construction 1) Monthly Contractor MONREC
vibration 2) Received complaints from residents site(s) 2) Whenever (managed by
3) Monitoring the noise and vibration level, if received MR)
required considering received complaints and 3) When
sensitive receptors etc. needed
Cutting of trees 1) Check of species and number of trees that Construction 1) Quarterly Contractor MONREC
need be cut site(s) 2) Once or more (managed by and YCDC
2) Prior consultation with administrative MR)
authorities in charge of (MONREC and YCDC)
Social Progress of implementation of ARP Project area Monthly and MR YRG and
environment and Quarterly local
related to surrounding authority
resettlement
Existing social 1) Received complaints from residents Construction 1) Whenever Contractor YCDC
infrastructure 2) Physical observation of road traffic site(s) and received (managed by
and services condition surroundings 2) Every day of MR)
3) Interviewing/discussing with Traffic Police construction
period
3) When
necessary
Infectious 1) Report of workers disease Construction 1) Quarterly at Contractor MOHS and
diseases such 2) Record of awareness activities site(s) minimum (managed by local
as HIV/AIDS 2) Quarterly MR) authority
Working 1) Site patrol Construction 1) Monthly at Contractor Ministry for
condition 2) Record of implementing the safety and site(s) minimum (managed by Labour,
including health management plan 2) Quarterly MR) Immigration
occupational and
health and Population
safety
Traffic accident 1) Site patrol Construction 1) Monthly at Contractor Police force
2) Record of accidents site(s) minimum (managed by and YCDC
3) Record of safety-awareness campaign and 2) Monthly MR)
other measures 3) Monthly
Hazardous 1) Site patrol to check a condition of handling Construction 1) Monthly Contractor MONREC
materials and or storing hazardous materials site(s) 2) Quarterly (managed by
oil 2) Record of training on handling hazardous MR)
management materials for workers
Source: EIA Study Team
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Supervised
Category Monitoring Item Location Frequency Monitored by
by
Water quality Monitoring of parameters stipulated by Discharged Every six MR MONREC
National Environmental Quality(Emission) point from months for the
Guideline depot first 3 years
after starting of
the operation
stage
Waste 1) Site patrol to check the waste management Railway Every three MR MONREC
in stations, railcars and other related facilities stations and months for the and YCDC
2) Check of waste-disposal method other related first 3
facilities years after
starting of the
operation stage
Soil 1) Site patrol Depot 1) Monthly MR MONREC
contamination 2) Monitoring of soil quality if the 2) When
contamination is suspected. needed
Noise and Noise and vibration level 2 monitoring Every six MR MONREC
vibration stations or months for the
more along first 3
the YCR Line years after
starting of the
operation stage
(24 hours
continuous
monitoring for
each frequency)
Traffic 1) Records of accidents Around the 1) Monthly MR Police force
accidents 2) Record of safety-awareness campaign and YCR Line 2) Every six and YCDC
other measures area months for the
first 3
years after
starting of the
operation stage
Hazardous 1) Record of training on handling hazardous Project area Quarterly for the MR MONREC
materials and materials for workers first 3
oil 2) Record and condition of handling or storing years after
management hazardous materials starting of the
operation stage
Source: EIA Study Team
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Supervised
Category Monitoring Item Location Frequency Monitored by
by
Waste 1) Site patrol and housekeeping at Decommissio 1) Monthly Contractor MONREC
construction site ning work 2) Monthly (managed by
2) Checking waste-disposal method site(s) MR)
Noise and 1) Site patrol Decommissio 1) Monthly Contractor MONREC
vibration 2) Received complaints from residents ning work 2) Whenever (managed by
3) Monitoring of noise and vibration level, if site(s) received MR)
required considering received complaints 3) When
needed
Infectious 1) Report of workers disease Decommissio 1) Quarterly at Contractor MOHS and
diseases such 2) Record of awareness activities ning work minimum (managed by local
as HIV/AIDS site(s) 2) Quarterly MR) authority
Working 1) Site patrol Decommissio 1) Monthly at Contractor Ministry for
condition 2) Record of implementing the safety ning work minimum (managed by Labour,
including management plan site(s) 2) Quarterly MR) Immigration
occupational and
health and Population
safety
Traffic accident 1) Site patrol Decommissio 1) Monthly at Contractor Police force
2) Record of accidents ning work minimum (managed by and YCDC
3) Record of safety-awareness campaign and site(s) 2) Monthly MR)
other measures 3) Monthly
Hazardous 1) Site patrol to check a condition of handling Decommissio 1) Monthly Contractor MONREC
materials and or storing hazardous materials ning work 2) Quarterly (managed by
oil 2) Record of training on handling hazardous site(s) MR)
management materials for workers
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
1) In terms of living environment, most of the impacts are controlled and limited in and
around the project area. The key negative impacts such as emission of air pollutants
such as gas and dust, degradation of surface water quality and generation of noise and
vibration are expected. However, planning and implementation of appropriate
environmental mitigation measures in the EMP such as sprinkling water to specific area
of construction site (e.g. FOB construction site) for dust prevention, and to limit the
mobilization of construction vehicles for prevention of emission gas, and to prepare the
appropriate construction schedule to prevent noise generation during the night time will
minimize these negative impacts.
2) In terms of natural environment, YCR Line does not pass through any protected area or
reserved forest areas or natural forests in the City. Almost all of the land along the YCR
Line was highly urbanized except some limited areas in the north. The lands along the
northern section of the YCR Line are still used for agricultural activities. Most of plants
along the YCR Line are also found commonly in public parks, other greenery areas and
along the roads in the Yangon City. Since there are over thousand trees within the MR
fence line, and not all, but partially these trees will be cleared for the construction work.
To minimize the impact, the number of tress to be cleared needs to be minimized as
much as possible by reconfirming the site specific requirement, and replanting the
affected trees in the project area needs to be considered wherever possible.
3) In terms of social environment, the project sites are mostly within MR's land/ROW and
no land acquisition is required for the Project. However, most structures such as houses
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
and shops along railway section, although located within ROW of MR can be affected
partially by the project during the pre-construction stage and the construction stage of
the project. In addition, some water logged spaces within MRs land/ROW rented from
MR for cultivation of vegetables can also be affected by the project. Safety fence
installation along the YCR Line which is one of project components will indirectly
affect and stop vendor activities in Thamine station, Da Nyin Kone station and Kanbe
station until MR and other respective government bodies such as YCDC and YRG
arrange alternative space and facilities so that these vendors can continue their
livelihood/business activities.
4) In addition, passengers delivering and selling agricultural products to consumers by
train will also be benefitted indirectly. These may result in overall improvement living
condition and acceleration the growth of local economy.
5) On the other hand, after upgrading of YCR Line, the existing YCR transport services
will be upgraded to faster and safer, which may give rise to more convenience and
comfort to passengers as well as making easier access to working places, schools, social
services, shopping and other daily life activities. Especially, it will also contribute to
improvement of traffic congestion of Yangon city if the number of train users is
increased.
6) In addition, there are some other social impacts of the YCR Line upgrading project.
Some impacts on occupational/health and safety including rail safety are expected
during the project implementation as well as the operation. However, these impacts will
be overall minimized with appropriate mitigation and management plan and by
complying with national and international occupational health and safety guidelines.
Especially, safety for passengers needs to be ensured by providing the educational
program on safety awareness to passengers and local residents during the construction
and operation stages.
7) Moreover, the existing railway service will be temporarily disturbed during the
construction since the number of the trains could be reduced depending on the
construction plan such as construction work on night window time or live line
construction work with the partial single track operation. The inconvenience for
passengers needs to be minimized to the extent possible by providing the prior notice of
the construction plan to passengers and if necessary, alternative transportation for
railway passengers.
8) Lastly, since the YCR Line is located in the middle of Yangon City, the traffic will be
disturbed during the construction stage especially in the central business district. To
minimize the impacts and the inconvenience of general public and local residents, the
specific traffic management plan need to be prepared.
In consideration of the result of the EIA study for the project, the Environmental Management
Plans (EMPs) including adequate mitigation measures to reduce the negative impacts and
Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) are proposed for each stage of the project.
9.2 Recommendation
The YCR Line is expected to perform as a spine urban transit system in Yangon since Yangon
City has encountered the increased demand of transportation and heavy traffic congestion. In
order to increase an efficiency of passenger transport capacity and upgrade the safe and
comfortable public transport service by rehabilitating and replacing the existing railway
facilities and the rolling stock, the improvement of the YCR Line is considered as one of the
most important transport development projects in the Yangon region.
There are 2 other challenges for implementation of this project beside the above-mentioned
specific measures. Firstly, it is suggested that MoTC, MR, MoTC, YRG, YCDC and related
townships mutually work closely together to move forward with the Project plan. In order to
fulfill this objective and required performance, the Project requires to cooperate with related
parties including the local government (e.g. YRG and YCDC) and communities and to take a
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
sufficient consideration for potential inconvenience and issues on social and environmental
aspects. For example, the civil-work period would involve some temporal inconvenience to
passengers and residents along railway due to construction works and partially-restricted
operation of YCR. It is crucial to announce the construction plan in advance and provide an
alternative transportation as needed to avoid confusion. The installation of signaling system
entails flood countermeasures which need to be secured with the good performance of public
drainage system to be managed by YCDC. The safety measures in railway track and platform
such as the installation of safety fence and safety awareness program targeting passengers and
residents should be practiced so that a risk of railway accidents can be minimized even after
the train speed is increased. The alternative market and resettlement of PAHs also needs to be
implemented in consultation with YRG and YCDC.
Secondly, it is suggested that MR will comply with the proposed Environmental Mitigation
and Management Plans in implementing for all stages of the Project. For the Project, the civil
work will be funded by the Government of Myanmar, and installing signaling system and
procurement of DEMU will be funded by the JICA. Since the JICA loan project requires
environmental and social considerations or compliance of safety, health and environment
requirements at the international level, wherever there is a significant gap between the
national requirements and the international requirements, the gap filling measure needs to be
adopted by the Project Proponent/Executing Agency.
As Myanmar is moving forward with the momentum to become a better and improved nation,
it is essential to have secure, reliable and efficient transportation facilities in the largest city.
The railway system has the lowest emission level per user, is the cheapest mode of land
transportation, has the largest capacity of mobility and is the most convenient and reliable
way of travelling. Thus, it is recommended that the improvement of the existing aged railway
system is vital for the development process of Myanmar.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Proponent
Project Proponent is Myanma Railways (MR) whose contract address is shown below:
Conservation (MONREC) on 29 December 2015. This procedure defines the detailed legal
steps of the EIA in Myanmar including preparation of the scoping report, preparation of the
EIA/IEE report, EMP and EMoP, public involvement, approval of the EIA/IEE report by
MONREC, and the monitoring process. In this connection, the scoping report of this project
has been submitted to MONREC by MoTC on 2nd June 2016, and this report was prepared as
a final draft EIA report in accordance with the EIA Procedure. After receiving comments from
review team members under MONREC, the final EIA report will be submitted accordingly.
The current schedule for this EIA study is described in Table 1.4-1.
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It also mentions that any new development project must perform a system of Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) and Social Impact Assessment (SIA) in order to find out whether or
not a project or activity to be undertaken by any government department, organization or
person may cause a significant impact on the environment or not. In the context of project
development, it is important to note that the law adopts the notion of 'Polluter Pays Principle'
as it implies that the project proponents are responsible for covering all environmental and
social costs generated by the project.
The law serves as the basis for founding of Environmental Conservation Department (ECD)
under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), both
of which will be explained later. Following the Environmental Conservation Law are two
legal instruments: Environmental Conservation Rules (2014) and EIA Procedures (2015).
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Table 2.2-1 IEE and EIA Project List for Railway-related Projects
Criteria for IEE Type Criteria for EIA Type
No. Type of Economic Activity
Economic Activities Economic Activities
Metal, Machinery and Electronics
90 Locomotives and Other Railway Rolling Material - 100 vehicles/a
Manufacturing, Repairing and Assembling
Transportation
123 Railways and Tramways (construction and Length < 5 km Length 5 km
maintenance of rail infrastructure and operation of
rolling stock)
Source: Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure, 2015
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The Union is the ultimate owner of all lands and natural resources in the area. (Section 37)
Citizens are given the right for private property. (Section 37);
The Union guarantees the right to ownership and the use of property. (Section 372);
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Every citizen has the duty to assist the Union in preserving and safeguarding the cultural
heritage, conserving the environment, striving for the development of human resources, and
protecting and preserving the public property. (Section 390).
The Rangoon Development Trust, based on the Act, conducted long-term and short-term
leases of land, and thus allowed use of land, and conducted issuance of land lease licenses,
permits and abrogates for construction, industrialization, agriculture, and other special
purposes.
(10) States Housing Rehabilitation and Town and Villages Development Board Act (1951)
In 1951, three years after the independence, the States Housing Rehabilitation and Town and
Villages Development Board Act was promulgated in order to solve the shelter problem
occurring at the time as people were moving in to Rangoon from rural areas in large numbers.
The act stipulated that the provision of shelter would be performed through town and village
development projects and public housing rehabilitation projects along with systematic
management process.
Any land (or building, if it exists on the land) could be acquired through the Land Acquisition
Act (1894)
This act enabled town and village development, supervision of public housing rehabilitation,
management and improvement of land management, and others on the nationwide basis.
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It should be noted that there is no land acquisition for this project, the involuntary
resettlement of informal occupants will be planned in consultation with relevant authorities
such as YCR and YCDC by considering the JICA Guidelines.
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(3) Noise
1) Noise level set in NEQG
According to the NEQG that has been prescribed by Ministry of Environmental Conservation
and Forestry on 29th December, 2015, under Chapter 1 (General Provision), Section 1, sub-
section 1.3 mentioned the following requirement for noise levels;
2) Noise Levels
Noise prevention and mitigation measures should be taken by all projects where predicted or
measured noise impacts from a project facility or operation exceed the applicable noise level
guideline at the most sensitive point of reception. Noise impacts should not exceed the levels
shown below, or result in a maximum increase in background levels of three decibels at the
nearest receptor location off-site.
In NEQG, the noise level is set as shown in Table 2.4-2 and noise prevention and mitigation
measures should be taken by all projects where the predicted or measured noise impacts from
a project facility or operation exceed the applicable noise level guideline at the most sensitive
point of reception. Noise impact should not exceed the levels shown below, or result in a
maximum increase in background levels of three decibels at the nearest offsite receptor
location.
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It is noted that NEQG does not mention a guideline value to be specified for railway noise.
a) For a new construction, the equivalent noise level shall be 60 decibels or less in daytime
(7:00 22:00) and 55 decibels or less in nighttime (22:00 07:00 on the following day).
b) For a large-scale modification, the noise level shall be improved compared with the level
prior to the modification.
Thus, the noise impact to be caused by YCR upgrading project will be evaluated in
comparison to these noise levels recorded in the survey as a baseline data.
(4) Vibration
There are no guidelines for vibration regulated by NEQG and no railway-specific vibration
guidelines in Japan. The vibration level in the field survey of the project will be referred as a
baseline data in pre-construction stage and used for comparison in the construction and/or
operation stage.
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including the results from demographic and socio-economic census, loss of properties,
computation of costs and budget for compensation and relocation.
Major players and rules for the Project are described below:
MR: is the project proponent and leading executing body for the Project, and has the
responsibility to manage environmental protection. Its function is to conduct environmental
management by MR or by representative (generally a consultant is appointed).
MOTC: functions as the supervisor of MR. MOTC shall act to coordinate with MR to
implement the Environmental Management Plan, especially resettlement and social issues
that require cooperation among various concerned bodies.
The Contractor: will be appointed by MR to perform the construction works. The major
executing body for environmental protection shall be the contractors responsibility under
MR instruction through the engineer. The contractor is obligated to implement and strictly
follow the environmental plan, which is based on the EIA and also has the consent of the
engineer.
Line Agencies: Local government (e.g., district administrator for resettlement) and the
Environmental Conservation Department will cooperate with MR for supervising
management activities. Other line agencies such as MOALBI (Ministry of Agriculture,
Livestock, Breeding and Irrigation for farmland and crop production) will also coordinate
with MR.
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According to Provisional result of the Population and Housing Census of Myanmar (2014),
Yangon City has the largest population with 5,209,541 people, followed by Mandalay with
1,225,133 people. These include all populations living in the townships which make up the
city. The population density of Yangon is 723 persons/km2 followed by Mandalay at
206 persons/km2. Along the Yangon Circular Railway Line, local communities are living in
19 townships-Tar Mwe, Pazuntaung, Mingalar Tahung Nyunt, Dagon, Botahtaung, Babe Dan,
Kyauk Ta Dar, La Thar, Lanmataw, Ahlone, Myeemyin Daing, Sanchung, Kamayut, Hlaing,
Mayankone, Insein, Mingaladon, North Okkalapa and Yan Kin. Administration map including
19 townships. Among 19 townships, in terms of land area, Mingaladon Township is by far the
largest and North Okkalapa Township comes next and Lammadaw Township is the smallest.
But Lammadaw Township has the highest population density, Pazun Taung Township is the
second highest and Mingaladon Township is the lowest as shown in Table 3.1-1. Populations
of 19 townships are shown in Table 3.1-2.
Table 3.1-1 Some Data about Land and Demographic Conditions of 19 Townships
Population
Above Sea Population
Population* Growth Population
Name of Area* Level Density*
No. Rate*
Township (Highest)*
2011 (2000-2011) 2011 2014** 2014***
km 2
m person %/year person/km2 person person
1 Tarmwae 4.79 9.1 191,114 3.1 39,899 158,877 165,348
Pazun
2 1.01 4.5 52,810 3.2 52,287 45,316 48,245
Taung
Mingalar
3 Taung 5.06 0.0 155,767 2.7 30,784 131,310 132,209
Nyunt
Bo Ta
4 2.38 43.9 49,134 0.53 20,645 40,133 40,849
Htaung
5 Dagon 11.65 17.1 24,492 -3.7 2,102 19,907 29,796
6 Babe Dan 8.84 36.6 100,695 0.4 11,391 30,421 33,264
Kyauk
7 0.71 2.3 34,794 1.8 49,006 27,971 29,796
DaTar
8 La Thar 0.81 6.1 34,125 0.37 42,130 30,426 24,926
9 Lanmadaw 0.76 2.1 43,137 0.5 56,759 35,468 47,123
10 Ahlone 2.69 2.4 52,810 3.2 19,632 53,501 55,412
Kyeemyin
11 10.77 15.2 115,841 2.2 10,756 95,031 111,566
Daing
12 Sanchaung 2.47 15.2 105,208 2.3 42,594 85,578 99,772
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Population
Above Sea Population
Population* Growth Population
Name of Area* Level Density*
No. Rate*
Township (Highest)*
2011 (2000-2011) 2011 2014** 2014***
km2 m person %/year person/km2 person person
13 Kamayut 5.52 15.4 87,881 0.45 15,920 74,104 84,368
14 Hlaing 13.7 1.8 151,014 -0.81 11,023 124,344 160,018
15 Mayangone 25.33 30.5 205,403 0.89 8,109 186,897 198,038
16 Insein 35.07 45.7 311,200 2.0 8,874 254,404 305,670
17 Mingaladon 113.36 0.0 288,858 4.1 2,548 144,367 332,520
North
18 22.69 9.1 333,484 4.5 14,697 276,020 332,869
Okkalapa
19 Yan Kin 5.02 24.4 125,909 1.3 25,081 65,680 70,992
Total 272.63 - 2,463,676 - - 1,879,755 2,302,781
Source: *: SUDP (2013) "Yangon Township Data Sheet"
**: Township Information of General Administration Department Office (March, 2014)
***: Provisional results of the 2014 Population and Housing Census of Myanmar (www.dop.gov. mm)
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of Yangon City (2014), majority of people in 11 townships which are related with YCR Line
are Buddhist as shown in Table 3.1-3. Different races that are living in townships related with
the YCR Line are shown in Table 3.1-4.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
The Yangon Railway Line runs in an area which is surrounded by three rivers. The Yangon
River runs on the southern side of the area. The Yangon River is one of the tributaries of the
Ayarwaddy (Irrawaddy) River. The Hlaing River runs along the western side of the area and
the Pazundaung Creek runs in the east.
This area consists of low flat land alleviated by the Yangon River and Bago River and a hill
area formed by an anticline continues from the north. The hill area is located in the central
area of Yangon and is surrounded by the lowland area.
The Yangon Circular Railway Line runs along the foot of the hill area. Yangon Central Station
is located on the south end of the hill and the railway line crosses the south end of the hill
running east-west. At the west side of the loop, the circular railway line runs in the north-
south direction and the western section runs on some low land areas and the west foot of the
hill. At the north part of the loop, direction of the line runs in the east-west, crosses a part of
the hill area. At the eastern side of the loop, the railway line runs in the north-south direction
along the lowland area. The lowland areas located on both the east and west sides of the loop
are used as rice paddy, housing land or swamp.
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Floods in Myanmar usually occur during two distinct periods: from June to August and from
late September to October, with the largest intensity observed in August at the peak of the
monsoon season.
Floods in the Greater Yangon area can be classified into three types:
- River flood
- Localized flood inundations in urban areas due to a combination of such factors as cloud
burst, poor infiltration rate and poor drainage infrastructure etc.; and in rural areas due to
descript dams, dykes and levees.
- Floods due to cyclone and storm surge.
According to the reports from MR, the main flood cause in YCR is localized flood
inundations in urban areas, but not river floods or cyclones. It is noted that the flooded
railway sections are observed in the southern part of YCR, namely Ma Hlwa Gone Station
and Hledan Station, of which the topographic features are flat. This suggests that the vertical
alignment along these sections should be raised to at least higher than the past experienced
water levels in order to avoid flooding the track structure.
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(3) Soil
There are several soil types in Yangon Region: (1) meadow soils and meadow alluvial soils,
(2) clay and clay swampy soils, (3) swampy soils, (4) lateritic soils, (5) yellow brown forest
soils, (6) dune forest and beach sand, (7) mangrove forest soils, (8) saline swampy meadow
and gray soils. Of them, mostly found soil types in the project area are (1) meadow soils and
meadow alluvial soils, and (2) lateritic soils. Soil map of Yangon is shown in Figure 3.2-2.
Project area is within the boundary of the Yangon City and there is no designated area such as
forest reserve in the vicinity of the YCR Line.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
The vegetation in the corridor of impact along YCR is consist of grass, bush and trees. The
major tree species along the YCR Line are shown in below pictures. According to preliminary
field surveys, plants which are commonly found along the YCR Line are Malaysia Padauk,
Malzali, Bandar, Binga, Sein Pan, Mahogani, Kokko etc. They were planted to provide the
shading and the visual amenity for train passengers and residents. Among them there are one
plant species which are categorized as threatened plant species in IUCN Red List, namely
Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla). It is sub-categorized as vulnerable ones, which means it
is under the condition of less threatened than critically endangered or endangered species in
the Red List. However, it is not formally authorized as threatened species by Forest
Department of MONREC. In fact it is planted and also found commonly in public parks, other
greenery areas and along the roads in the Yangon City. On the other hand, Planted Teak
(Tectona grandis) trees, which are prohibited to export without permission from Forestry
Department of MONREC, are found along the YCR. Teak trees are also found commonly in
greenery areas and along the roads in the Yangon City.
The trees in the Corridor of Impact are identified in more detail by the tree census survey from 30
June 2016 to 2 July 2016 as shown in Table 3.2.1.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
(7) Climate
The City of Yangon is located in tropical monsoon climate, characterized by three distinct
seasons, namely, summer (March to middle of May), rainy (Middle of May to middle of
October), and cool (Middle of October to February) seasons.
The mean monthly temperature is highest in April with 30.7 C (87.3 F) and lowest in
January with 25 C (77 F). Rainfall in Yangon City is short in duration and intensity and such
a high intensity of rainfall is a major cause of inundation problems in downtown Yangon. The
study area abundantly receives rain from May to October. The meteorological data at the
Kaba-aye Station as representative of Greater Yangon are shown as follows.
Table 3.2-3 Monthly Temperatures and Rainfall of Kaba-aye Station in Yangon (1981-2010)
Total
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec /Avg
Rainfall
1.0 4.0 12.0 38.0 325.0 566.0 608.0 571.0 393.0 201.0 61.0 7.0 2787
(mm)
Maximum
33.2 35.2 36.8 37.5 34.1 30.8 30.3 30.0 31.0 32.2 33.1 32.5 33
Temp: (C)
Minimum
16.7 18.3 21.1 23.8 24.3 23.6 23.2 23.3 23.2 23.1 21.3 17.7 22
Temp: (C)
Mean Temp
25.0 26.8 29.0 30.7 29.2 27.2 26.8 26.7 27.1 27.7 27.2 25.1 27
(C)
Source: Meteorology and Hydrology Department, Kabaaye Station Yangon
40.0 700.0
35.0 600.0
30.0 500.0
Rainfall (mm)
Temperature (C)
25.0
400.0
20.0
300.0
15.0
10.0 200.0
5.0 100.0
0.0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
than the WHO Guideline values. Higher values of TSP and PM10 were recorded in the
industrial area than in the residential and commercial areas. The main reason for the
exceedance with TSP and PM10 WHO guidelines will be due to the fugitive dust generated
from community activities such as vehicular movement and construction activities.
The baseline noise level along the YCR line was found as to be 55-60 dB. Compared with
National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines, the noise level between 55 70 dB is
applied to areas used for industrial, commercial area.
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Table 3.2-5 Result of Ambient Noise Level Measurements beside the Railway Line
Distance from the Daytime Nighttime
No. Location
Railway Line (6 am 10 pm) (10 pm 6 am)
1 Near Pyay Lan Station 3.5 m 57.9 51.2
2 Near Oakkyin Station 4m 57.9 50.8
Source: JICA Study Team, Feasibility Study Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project, 2015
Table 3.2-6 Result of Ambient Noise Level Measurements at Background Level and Sensitive
Receptors (BLSRs)
Distance from the Daytime Nighttime
No. Location Point No.
Railway Line (6 am 10 pm) (10 pm 6 am)
Islam Temple near Pa Zun Taung
1 BLSR-1 4m 57. 33 58.7
Station
2 School near Pyay Lan Station BLSR-2 5m 67. 8 61. 3
B.E.H.S School near Kyee Myint
3 BLSR-3 6m 63. 2 55. 9
Daing Station
A monastery near Thamine
4 BLSR 4 4m 55. 6 54.6
Myothit Station
A monastery near Thirimying
5 BLSR 5 100 m 59.6 48.5
Station
Source: JICA Study Team, Feasibility Study Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project, 2015
i) no drainage facilities and lack of drainage capacity due to damaged drainage and/or
improper drainage design
ii) decrease in drainage capacity due to accumulation of garbage and rubbish, and soil
deposition,
iii) low capacity of city drainage and river systems.
According to draft F/S report of the Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading project (Sept.
2015), the existing flow end of drainage of YCR is natural river and pond. The existing
drainage systems of YCR which were made by brick wall have been installed along the
railway partially. It is not feasible to eliminate the possibility of flood event by the Project. It
also requires the improvement work for drainage system outside of YCR Line to solve some
causes of flood. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the flood risk by drainage improvement
work of MR and cooperation with YCD. Existing drainage system of YCR line and some of
poor drainage locations are shown in Figure 3.3-1 and Figure 3.3-2, respectively.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Mud Pumping at Da Nyin Gone Station Drain Pit Cleaning at Da Nyin Gone Station
Figure 3.3-2 Poor Drainage Conditions in YCR line
From Da Nyin Gone Station, the YCR Line runs eastward to Mingaladon Station in the
suburban area of Yangon. The lands along this section are still used as farming lands. The
Yangon International Airport is located close to the YCR Line.
The YCR Line runs southward from the Mingaladon Station to YCRL up to the Ma Hlwa
Gone Station in urban area of Yangon. Along this section residential, commercial use are
dominant along the Kabar Aye Pagoda Road and the Wai Za Yan Tar Road, while small scale
farming activities are also found both sides of the YCR Line.
Major roads crossing YCR Line in the western section are Ahlon Road, Bargayar Road,
Hledan Road, Hanthawadddy Road, Hlaing River Road, Baint Naung Road, Khaye Pin Road,
while those in the eastern section are the Myo Part Road, Parami Road, Yadanar Road,
Thingangyun Road. Many of the crossing points are grade separated, while there are serious
traffic congestion problems, accordingly possible problems from vehicular emission at the at-
grade intersections are shown in Figure 3.4-1.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
2) Farming activities
Small-scale farming activities are found along the YCR Line, using shallow ponds, cultivating
water vegetables as small-scale business activities of local people residing near the YCR Line.
3) Vendors activities
Vendors selling vegetables and other goods are observed in some major stations such as the
Da Nyin Gone Station and Thamine Station. Many of them have a permission from MR to
sell their commodities in the station area. Temporal open markets are also held at some major
stations of YCR Line such as the Da Nyin Gone Station. Those people will be affected by the
YCR Line upgrading project positively and negatively at the same time.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
The number of informal movable vendors at stations are counted in the ARP Survey as shown
in Table 3.4-1.
Another social issue could be splitting local communities. Many residents and other people
cross the YCR almost freely at any places to reach other side. This should not be allowed
once the YCR is upgraded to maintain the safety of residents and rail passengers. Fencing
along the YCR shall be made as part of the YCR upgrading project, which, however, may
cause splitting the local communities along the YCR.
However, some structures such as house and shop along railway section, located within ROW
of MR, would be affected by the Project. In addition, some water logged spaces within ROW
of MR rented from MR for cultivation of vegetables would also be affected by the Project.
As of early August 2016, the number of expected PAHs is 30 PAHs (137 persons), many
PAUs/PAHs are affected partially such as a fence, a part of their shop or house or a part of
farm land. The further details are described in the Updated ARP. However, the number of
PAUs/PAHs will be continuously reviewed as fine-tuning is on-going.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
The Yangon Circular Railway Line (the YCR Line) is expected to perform as a spine urban
transit system in Yangon. However, the modal share of railway remains low. The modal share
of mechanized modes of transport in the Greater Yangon area is as follows: 63.8% by bus,
10.5% by car/van, 9.9% by taxi, 3.2% by water transport, 1.7% by truck, and 1.4% by rail.
Because motorcycles are banned in the city, bus trip is comparatively large among other
modes. Since access transport means (e.g. feeder bus services to the rail stations) are provided
insufficiently, there is almost no choice for the majority of the residents other than crowded
buses for their whole travel. Less attractive level of service of the YCR Line is resulted in a
small share of rail trip as well.
The transportation demand in Yangon City will continue to increase as the economy and the
population grows (from 7.4 million in 2014 to over 10 million in the Yangon Region in 2035).
The transport model developed by YUTRA forecasts almost doubled mechanized trips, from
4.9 million trips in 2013 to 9.5 million trips by 2035. Under such circumstances, improvement
of the YCR Line is considered as one of the most important transport development projects in
the Yangon Region, which was actually stated in the Myanmar Development Cooperation
Forum, held in January 2013.
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Alleviation of the traffic congestion on roads paralleling the railway line is expected after
improvement of YCR Line, which generates some significant economic benefit in terms of
savings in travel time, vehicle operating costs, reduction of greenhouse gases, etc. It is also
expected to contribute to improvement of the MRs business performance through increased
patronage.
In this context, the Government of Myanmar (GOM) has officially requested support from the
Government of Japan with regard to the Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (the
Project), through provision of a Japanese ODA loan. The components requested by GOM
include installation of a new signaling system for the section between Yangon Station and Ma
Hlwa Gone Station of the Yangon Circular Railway (about 44 km) excluding a 2-km section
between KP0+600 of the western side and KP1+400 of the eastern side of Yangon Central
Station and procurement of new Diesel Electric Multiple Units (DEMUs).
In response to this request, MR will carry out necessary work in advance using MRs budget
on the civil and track work, station platform, power supply, depot and workshop for
installation of the new signaling system and DEMUs. However, technical support is required
from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in designing those elements
including the civil and track work, power supply, station platforms, DEMU depot and related
equipment for smooth installation of the new signaling system and DEMU operation. In this
regard, the technical support from JICA in doing basic design for the necessary work prior to
the installation of the signaling system and procurement of new DEMUs has been provided
upon request of MR from 2014.
The Environmental and Social Considerations study has been conducted in process of the
feasibility study (F/S) and basic design (B/D) stages. Since the Initial Environmental
Examination (IEE)-level study was required in line with JICA Guidelines prior to an
enactment of EIA Procedure and the Project originally scoped only the western section of
YCR, the IEE study targeting the western section was conducted. After the Project scope
extended to the entire section of YCR, the IEE report for the entire section of YCR was
developed.
This EIA report has been developed and updated based on the outputs of these past studies in
line with EIA procedure in Myanmar and JICA Guidelines.
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MR is responsible for safe rail operations to prevent from such rail accidents and for
improvement of the existing rail system including the YCR Line to a reliable transport means.
With regard to the YCR Line, the particular issues are summarized as follows:
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
a) Decreasing level of service (speed, punctuality, riding comfort, cleanness, and safety)
Operation of the YCR Line commenced in January 1959. After about half century since the
commencement, the existing train operation speed has fallen down to almost half (15 kph) of
that of the opening year because of the deteriorated tracks and limited partial rehabilitation of
signaling & telecommunication system and other facilities.
b) Increasing demand
The population in the city has been growing. The existing rail system in Yangon carries about
75,000 passengers per day, while an improved YCR Line (by the Project) is expected to carry
about 700,000 passengers or more per day in 2030.
Corresponding technical problems with regard to the particular issues of the YCR Line are
summarized as follows:
f) Bottleneck section
Priority in the current train operation is given to the long distance train, namely the Yangon
Mandalay Line. The train operation of the YCR Line is sometimes disturbed by this operation
because there is a cross-over rail segment between Pa Zun Taung Station and Yangon Central
Station. The YCR Line has to wait until the Yangon-Mandalay Line trains pass this segment.
This crossing operation needs to be removed by changing track layout or grade separation.
g) Increasing road traffic volume crossing the manually operated level crossings
All of the existing level crossings along the YCR Line (27 in total) are manually operated by
MR staff. Closing time of the level crossings tends to be longer because of the manual
operation and selfish behavior of car drivers. Sometimes railcars need to stop at a level
crossing because of never-ending car passing. Replacement of the existing level crossing
system with automated level crossings is needed to improve the level of safety.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
i) Insufficient inter-modality
A rail station is expected to be an intermodal hub in the city in general. In case of the YCR
Line, there is no such rail station other than the Yangon Central Station. The connectivity with
other modes of transport is inferior and its catchment area is limited to the walking distance.
In order to increase the rail passenger catchment area, provision of inter-modal facilities such
as bus terminal, taxi bay, car parking, and feeder services is necessary.
j) Traffic congestion
The paralleling roads along the YCR Line are the major arterial roads in the city, namely Pyay
Road, Insein Road, Baho Road, and Waizayandar Road. The traffic congestion and traveling
time on these roads have been increasing. Improvement of the YCR Line is expected to
contribute to the improvement of the traffic environment along the major arterial road.
In conclusion, the YCR Line needs major and urgent improvement and modernization of
passenger services in almost every aspect as one of the safe and reliable spine transit system
in the Yangon metropolitan area.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
m) Power supply
The Project components, which are financed by Japanese ODA loan, consist of improvement
of signaling system and procurement of new DEMUs as an initial step towards modernization
of the YCR Line. While, other works which are required prior to execution of the components
covered by the Japanese ODA loan, including civil work (drainage system, fence, rail bridge
rehabilitation, roadbed, etc.), track work (rail welding, track irregularity improvement, etc.),
power supply work, station work (high height platform), depot work, etc. will be carried out
by MR using its own budget. New DEMU which will be procured by the Rolling Stock
Procurement Works as part of the Project will be used in the YCR Line as a whole.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
- Automatic level crossing: 25 automatic barrier level crossings will be replaced with the
existing man-operated level crossing to save train running time and increase the safety
for pedestrians. Response Light of Barrier will be installed instead of existing gate
signal. When the barrier is closed completely, the response light of barrier turns on.
- Automatic Block System (ABS): A direct current track circuit system will be improved
because the current blocking system is significantly deteriorated.
- Automatic Train Stop System (ATS-S): It will newly be installed.
- Interlocking system: An interlocking system in major stations other than the Yangon
Central Station will be replaced with electronic interlocking devices or relay
interlocking (for small stations) system. (Note: Interlocking systems in Yangon Central
Station will be replaced by the JICA Grant Aid.)
In order to attract more residents to use the railway, it is necessary to introduce modern rolling
stock of higher performance in terms of safety, ride comfort, running speed, travel time, easy
maintenance, etc. Since electrification of the YCR Line is not scheduled in the near future,
non-electrified system, such as DEMUs shall be introduced in the initial stage of
modernization of the YCR Line. Use of Diesel Electric Multiple Units (DEMUs), instead of
using a train being composed of a locomotives and passenger coaches, makes MR easier in
operating passenger trains on the YCR Line because there is no need to do shunting operation
at terminal stations. Currently 11 train sets and 66 cars DEMU are planned to be procured for
YCR Line.
- Weeding of the rail track: In the place where PC sleepers and fastener are covered with
weeds, a weeding work is required to improve a drainage system in the track.
- Removal of garbage in track area: A considerable amount of garbage is left in and
around YCR Line. It should be removed by cooperation with YCDC
- Supplying of ballast: Supplying of ballast will be needed in the place of 60% of the
route length of YCR, especially for the section where ballast of track shoulder is
insufficient.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Reason 1: No drainage facilities and lack of drainage capacity due to damaged drainage
and/or improper drainage design
Reason 2: Decrease in drainage capacity due to accumulation of garbage and rubbish,
and soil deposition.
Reason 3: Inflow from out of YCR Line area
Reason 4: Unfavorable terrain which tend to gather rain water
Reason 5: Low capacity of city drainage and river systems
It is not feasible to eliminate the possibility of flood event by the Project because it also
requires the improvement work for drainage system outside of YCR Line to solve some
causes of flood. Thus, the Project aims to reduce the flood risk by drainage improvement
work of MR and cooperation with YCDC. Thereby, a probability of flooding can be almost
eliminated in some area while other area still suffers from a flood but an inundation time will
be shortened.
The improvement work of drainage system in YCR Line will be conducted by the following
design concept.
- In a cutting area where soil material was cut out to make way for railway line or a flat
area in terms of cross section with no slope to the track side, a side drain for both sides
of track will be introduced.
- In the other area where has one-side slope, side drain for one side of track or no drain
will be introduced.
- If there is no space for constructing side drain, a track center drain will be introduced.
- New FOB between stations: At present, there are many illegal pedestrian crossings to
connect with both side of railway line. However, all the illegal crossings will be closed
by safety fence completely because train operation speed is increased drastically. As
substituting for the illegal crossings, new FOB should be installed in order to avoid
community severance.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
- New FOB in stations: Some stations have no FOB at present. However, FOB will be
essential basically after the improvement work, because crossing by walking on the
track will need be prohibited more strictly due to high speed train operation and
introducing high-height platform.
- Between stations: locations where are existing illegal pedestrian crossings (In case many
crossings located closely, these are integrated.).
- Inside station: stations having no FOB at present. In case there is any substituted way,
no new FOB is planned.
- Some FOBs inside station are planned for common use.
- Fence line shall be at least 2.5 m away from the track center.
- Utilize the existing fence/ barriers as much as possible.
- Minimize the narrow sections (offset distance of 2.5 m) as much as possible.
- Secure as wide land as possible where the conditions allow.
- For saving cost, no fencing section is considered in the northern part of YCR (between
Golf Kwin St. and Kyite Ka Lae St.).
However, it should be noted that actual fence line can be adjusted during the construction
stage under the following conditions;
It is planned that brick wall type and wire type of fence will be installed depending on the
population density of area in surrounding of an installed section.
- Raising the level of railway platform: All of the existing rolling stock used for the YCR
Lines services shall be replaced with new rolling stock and used DMUs in the Project.
Floor height of the new rolling stock is higher than the existing station platform.
Accordingly, all of the station platforms need to be improved (elevated) in order to
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
provide easy boarding and alighting for rail passengers. This improvement is also
necessary to reduce the boarding/alighting time (time duration for stoppage).
- Station Facility Improvement: The installation of barrier free measure such as a warning
tile at platform edge, ramp for wheelchair use, platform bench, solar lighting pole, new
WC (Water Closet) and new platform shed are considered.
12) Small building works (signal equipment building and level crossing watchman hut)
The small building works are composed of signal equipment building and level crossing
watchman hut.
- New signal house: In order to implement the new equipment for the new signal system,
it is necessary to construct new signal houses in the available space with size of
approximately 6.5 m x 15 m at selected five stations; Kyee Myint Daing, Insein, Da
Nyin Gone, Mingalardone and Pa Ywat Sate Gone Stations.
- Level crossing watchman hut: Basically, an existing watchman hut which will not be
removed due to the construction work for installation of automatic level crossing system
will be repaired. The other watchman huts which will be removed by installation of
automatic level crossing system will be reconstructed.
Although the environmental and social considerations for Insein Expansion Depot will be
considered and handled separately from this EIA, some suggestions will be highlighted in the
following chapters.
On the other hand, the environmental and social considerations for Ywathagyi Depot and
Workshop which will undertake the semi overhaul and overhaul works is considered in
Yangon-Mandalay Railway Improvement Project. The EIA report for Yangon-Mandalay
Railway Improvement Project was developed in MYT-Plan (The Survey Program for the
National Transportation Development Plan in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, JICA,
2013) and recognized by MOECAF which is currently changed to MONREC after its
submission by MOTC.
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- interlocking system of 5 block stations, namely Kyee Myint Daing, Insein, Pa Ywat Sate
Gone, Mingalardone, and Da Myin Gone Stations,
- block signals, and
- level crossings
As these facilities are located dispersively, cables for power supply are required to be placed
along the line.
Although most of the works are covered by the Japanese ODA loan, the power receiving
equipment and low voltage distribution line to the signal house in the five block stations are
to be installed under the works by MR budget.
- The deterioration of Level of Service (LOS) of YCR cannot be stopped. The existing
condition of YCR Line will be left in lower running speed, inconvenient, uncomfortable
and unsafe resulting in worsening the performance as main public transportation of the
city.
- The congestion of Yangon City road network will be worse as the traffic volume is
further increased in the future. The YCR Line will not be able to perform its important
function of public transportation without any improvement.
As a conclusion, the development of YCR and surrounding area along YCR cannot be
expected anymore and will be left behind in this time of on-going and forthcoming economic
growth in Yangon.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Compared with another alternative of construction of new railway line, the improvement of
the existing YCR Line does not entail a large scale of land acquisition, resettlement,
earthwork and construction cost to be derived from land acquisition and earthwork, as well as
confusion or disconnection of existing social infrastructure and service.
Although the improvement work will require a limited resettlement and involve a certain
amount of adverse impact on natural resources and living environment such as a cutting of
trees, making noise and vibration, causing water and air pollution as well as inconvenience
due to limited train operation in the construction period, the scale of these impacts will be
relatively smaller than the construction plan of new railway line and they can be mitigated by
countermeasures.
One of the most beneficial advantages is the significant improvement of urban transportation
and related economic conditions. In addition, a modal shift from vehicles to trains encourages
reduction of traffic congestion, air pollution and CO2 emissions. Even though an increase in
the frequency of trains and speed may result in an increase in risk of traffic accidents,
installation of level crossings and automatic bars can minimize these accidents. This
alternative plan will make sure to solve the above deterioration of the LOS. On the whole, the
advantage and necessity of this plan will outweigh the other alternative options.
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5.2 Key Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures
(1) Scoping Matrix for Environmental and Social Impact
Impact matrix is useful to examine preliminary scoping of anticipated impacts on
environment due to the project in earlier stage of planning. The results of preliminary scoping
for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project are summarized in Table 5.2-1.
Abbreviations in the column of the Rating of below table which are meant for different stages
of project are - PrS: Pre-construction Stage, CS: Construction Stage, OS: Operation stage,
DS: Decommissioning Stage, ClS: Closure Stage, PoS: Post-closure Stage.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Rating
No Item Expected Impact
PrS CS OS DS ClS PoS
and lubricants.
[OS]: Generation of wastewater containing oil and grease at the
railway facilities is expected.
[DS]: Water pollution is expected due to the pollutant generation from
decommissioning work, although temporarily.
[ClS&PoS]: Few impacts are expected.
3 Waste D B- B- B- D D [PrS]: Few impacts are expected.
[CS]:
- Generation of soil, sand and construction waste is expected with a
small scale, if any.
- Waste of existing devices will be generated after renewal of level
crossing, signals and telecommunication system
[OS]: Generation of solid waste from railway line and related
facilities is anticipated.
[DS]: Waste of existing devices will be generated after
decommissioning of railway line and related facilities.
[ClS&PoS]: Few impacts are expected
4 Soil C B- B- B- B- B- [PrS]: In existing condition, soil contamination is expected from
contamin leakage of toxic materials such as lubricating oil from trains engines
ation in Depot and other facilities sites. Impacts will be assessed based on
the baseline survey results.
[CS]: Soil contamination is expected from leakage of toxic materials
such as lubricating oil from construction vehicles and machines.
[OS]: Soil contamination is expected from leakage of toxic materials
such as lubricating oil from running trains engines.
[DS]: Soil contamination is expected from decommissioning works
during this stage such as leakage of toxic materials such as lubricating
oil from vehicles.
[ClS]&[PoS]: Residual soil contamination would be expected during
this stage.
5 Noise and D B- B- B- C D [PrS]: Few impacts are expected.
vibration [CS]: During this stage, noise and vibration due to construction works
including the vehicles and diesel generators will be generated.
[OS]: Train operation will cause a noise and vibration generation to
vicinity along the YCR Line.
[DS]: Generation of noise and vibration from machines and vehicles
which are used for decommissioning works is expected.
[PoS]&[CIS]: Few impacts are expected
6 Offensive D C D D D D [PrS]: Few impacts are expected.
odor [CS]: Offensive odor would occur around the construction site due to
excavation and dredging of mad in the drainage channels or creek in
some sections during the construction. However, the possibility is
unknown and it will be examined.
[OS - Pos]: Few impacts are expected.
7 Ground D D D D D D According to project components, renewals of existing circular
subsidenc railway line will not entail any factors that may cause the ground
e substance such as a pumping of a large volume of groundwater.
Therefore, impact is not expected.
Natural Environment
8 Protected D D D D D D No protected area like designated conservation zone is observed in the
area proposed project area along the YCR Line. Therefore, impacts are not
expected.
9 Flora, D B- D D D D [PrS]: In general, precious and endangered fauna and flora species are
fauna and not found in the project site according to previous field survey.
biodiversi [CS]: During construction phase, cutting or removal of trees which
ty are within the project area may spoil existing environment with
greenery and amenity.
[OS - PoS]: Few impacts are expected.
10 Hydrologi D B- B- B- D D [PrS]: Few impacts are expected.
cal [CS]: Wastewater generation with construction work may raise
situation/ additional negative impacts to result in poorer condition and
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Rating
No Item Expected Impact
PrS CS OS DS ClS PoS
drainage inundation especially in the rainy season.
system [OS]: Railway service area of YCR is located in flat and low land
area. Thus, rise of water level of Yangon River in case of high tide,
flooding and cyclone may bring about inundation of railway facilities
and structures in some sections. Without the improvement works of
drainage in and outside of YCR Line coordinated with YCDC, a
flooding risk will not be reduced.
[DS]: Wastewater generation with decommissioning work may raise
additional negative impacts to result in poorer condition and
inundation especially in the rainy season.
[ClS&PoS]: Few impacts are expected.
11 Topograp D C D D D D [PrS]: Few impacts are expected.
hy and [CS]: No large-scale land alteration is expected due to construction
geographi work. However, construction plans of facilities and structures need to
cal be checked.
features [OS - Pos]: Few impacts are expected.
Social Environment
12 Land B- C D D D D [PrS ]:
acquisitio - All the proposed project areas of YCR Line as are owned by
n and Myanma Railways (MR). Thus, all the land is public land and no
involuntar land acquisition is expected.
y - However, it is expected that generation of a certain number of
resettleme affected structures including houses/shops and Project Affected
nt Persons (PAPs) by the project.
[CS]: If additional resettlement is required in the construction stage
due to the change in design or plan, the impact may occur. It should
be monitored and confirmed.
[OS - PoS]: Few impacts are expected.
13 Poverty B- B- B- D D D [PrS] &[CS]:
/B - Railways communities and huts of the poor are distributed. Due to
+ removal and/or relocation of structures and disturbance of business
activities, poverty level of PAPs is expected to be higher
temporarily.
- On the other hand, the Project may create employment opportunity
of vulnerable group such as the poor and women for construction
work and other associated business.
[OS]: Impacts on income due to relocation of structures and
disturbance of business activities may prolong up to this stage.
[DS - PoS]: Few impacts are expected.
14 Indigenou C C D D D D [PrS - CS]: No ethnic minorities are found in the project site so far.
s people However, impacts will be assessed considering the feature of the
and ethnic society in the project area which will be updated in the Project, if
minority there are any ethnic minorities to be affected by the Project.
[OS - PoS]: Few impacts are expected
15 Local D B- B- D D D [PrS]: Few impacts are expected
economy /B /A+ [CS]: Vendor's business activities in railway yard will be stopped due
such as + to the construction work. On the other hand, temporary employment
employm opportunities for construction work by MR are expected.
ent and [OS]:
livelihood - Vendor's business activities in railway yard will be stopped due to
installation of fences along railway track in order to secure smooth
operation of train and to prevent railway accidents with higher train
speed.
- Upgrading of existing YCR Line will be created faster and safer
railway transportation system, which may give rise to more
convenience and comfort to passengers as well as making easier
access to working place and social services.
- In addition, passengers delivering and selling agricultural products
to consumers by train will be also benefitted. These may result in
improvement living condition and acceleration the growth of local
economy.
[DS -PoS]: No impact is expected
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Rating
No Item Expected Impact
PrS CS OS DS ClS PoS
16 (Surround D C C D D D [PrS]: Few impacts are expected.
ing) land [CS]& [OS]: The upgrading of YCR Line would boost the
use and development along the YCR and stations. However, the impact is
utilization unknown.
of local [DS - PoS]: Few impacts are expected.
resources
17 Water D C D C D D [PrS]: Few impacts are expected
usage [CS]: There is some possibility to use the groundwater for
construction work, if water supply is not available. It will be
confirmed with the Project plan.
[OS]: Few impacts are expected.
[DS]: There is some possibility to use the groundwater for
construction work, if water supply is not available. It will be
confirmed with the Project plan.
[ClS&PoS]: No impact is expected.
18 Existing D B- D D D D [PrS]: Few impacts are expected.
social [CS]:
infrastruct - Due to renewal of level crossing, roadbed improvement works,
ures and drainage works, platform improvement works, and improvement of
services bridges, passengers who are using on those facilities will be
affected.
- The current railway users need to change the transportation during
the stop of railway service for construction work in a certain
section.
[OS - PoS]: Few impacts are expected.
19 Equality C C C D D D [PrS]& [CS]:
of - The project itself intends to improve railway transport, which is
benefits major portion of public transport in Yangon City and may not cause
and losses any misdistribution of benefit and damage to residents and
and passengers.
equality - There is, however, some possibility of misdistribution of benefit and
in the damage, if the project plan including procedures to the
developm implementation including construction work and resettlement
ent matters are not properly disseminated and consulted with concerned
process residents and passengers and other stakeholders. It should be
examined and monitored.
[OS]: The possible adverse impact mentioned above might be
prolonged to the operation stage. It should be examined and
monitored.
[OS - Pos]: Few impacts are expected.
20 Local C C D D D D [PrS]& [CS]:
conflicts - The project itself intends to improve railway transport, which is a
of major portion of public transport in Yangon City and may not cause
interests any local conflict of interests.
- There is, however, some possibility of the conflict, if the project
plan including procedures to the implementation including
construction work and resettlement matters are not properly
disseminated and consulted with concerned residents and
passengers and other stakeholders. It should be examined and
monitored.
[OS - PoS]: Few impacts are expected
21 Cultural D D D D D D In Yangon City, there are many cultural and historical heritage sites.
heritage However, there are no cultural and historical heritage sites along
YCR.
22 Landscap D D D D D D There is no law based designated areas around the project areas.
e Change in existing landscape is expected to be negligible in all
project phases.
23 Gender C C C D D D [PrS]&[CS]&[OS]: Significant impacts are not expected. However,
impacts will be assessed considering the feature of the society in the
project area which will be updated in the Project.
[DS - PoS]: Few impacts are expected
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Rating
No Item Expected Impact
PrS CS OS DS ClS PoS
24 Children C C C D D D [PrS]&[CS]&[OS]: Significant impacts are not expected. However,
s right impacts will be assessed considering the feature of the society in the
project area which will be updated in the Project.
[DS - PoS]: Few impacts are expected
25 Infectious D B- D B- D D [PrS]: Few impacts are expected
diseases [CS]: Due to inflow of construction workers, infectious diseases such
such as as STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease) are possible to be spread.
HIV/AID Thus, a risk of infectious disease is anticipated in construction stage.
S [OS]: Few impacts are expected.
[DS]: Due to inflow of construction workers, infectious diseases such
as STD are possible to be spread. Thus, a risk of infectious disease is
anticipated in construction stage.
[ClS&PoS]: Railway Line operation which causes infectious disease
is not expected.
26 Working D B- B- B- D D [PrS]: Few impacts are expected
condition [CS]: In general, many workers will be engaged in construction work
s and stay at workers camps under relatively-poor living conditions.
including Thus, the health and occupational safety of the workers may be
occupatio jeopardized in case of severe working condition and in rainy season.
nal health [OS]: The risk of occupational health for railway workers would be
and safety higher due to the increase in the train speed and operation number.
[DS]: In general, many workers will be engaged in decommissioning
work and stay at workers camps under relatively-poor living
conditions. Thus, the health and occupational safety of the workers
may be jeopardized in case of severe working condition and in rainy
season. Although the project activities will not cause hazard and risks,
migration of workers from other areas may worsen condition of
public security and increase in community awareness.
[ClS&PoS]: Few impacts are expected.
Others
27 Accident B- B- B+/ B- D D [PS] &[CS]
B- - Some illegal encroachment such as crossing railway lines by walk
and occupation on railway yard with huts, shops and vendors along
YCR Line sections. Thus, there is a possibility that there may
happen accidents by running train with even low speed.
- Construction works are in a small scale and heavy construction
machines and vehicles will not be used. Thus, occurrence of
accidents by the work is expected little, if any. However, because the
work space is closed to railway track, there is a possibility that there
may happen accidents by running train with even low speed.
[OS]: Since it may happen accidents by running train with higher
speed of 60 km/h, number of casualty and extent of damage from
accidents will increase considerably. On the other hand, the installed
safety fence will prevent people from entering the railway track and
decrease the risk of accident.
[DS]: There might be some minor accidents inevitable during
operation.
[ClS&PoS]: Few impacts are expected
28 Climate D B- B- B- D D [PrS]: No impact is expected.
change /B+ [CS]: Generation of greenhouse gases such as CO2 due to construction
vehicles and machines is expected in a small scale and temporary.
[OS]:
- The emission of greenhouse gas from railway operation would be
increased because the number of train will be increased.
- Renovation of YCR Line may give rise to faster and safer operation
than existing train operation. This will enhance modal shift to
railway transport from road transport which generate much lower
emission of CO2 than road transport, and results in reduction of
greenhouse gases generation such as CO2.
[DS]: Generation of greenhouse gases such as CO2 due to vehicles and
machines which are used for decommissioning work is expected in a
small scale and temporary.
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Rating
No Item Expected Impact
PrS CS OS DS ClS PoS
[ClS&PoS]: Few impacts are expected.
Note:
A-: Significant negative impact is expected, if any measures are not taken against the impact.
A+: Significant positive impact is expected.
B-: Negative impact is expected to some extent, if any measures are not taken against the impact.
B+: Some positive impact is expected.
C: Impacts are not clear and further examination is needed.
DNo impact is expected.
PrS: Pre-construction Stage, CS: Construction Stage, OS: Operation stage, DS: Decommissioning Stage, ClS: Closure
Stage, PoS: Post-closure Stage
Source: JICA Study Team
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Social Environment
10 Land acquisition Analysis of socio-economic Document analysis Project Affected Persons (PAPs)
and involuntary condition and livelihood based on the outputs of along YCR Line and/or around
resettlement status to be affected by the ARP study the Project area
Project
11 Poverty ditto ditto ditto
12 Indigenous people ditto ditto ditto
and ethnic minority
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Based on the result of EIA investigation and environmental and social impact forecast,
environmental mitigation and management and monitoring plan will be developed. All these
results will be included in an EIA Report which will contain the following terms of reference
according to EIA Procedure.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
CHAPTER 2 Policy, Legislation and Institutional Framework
CHAPTER 3 Existing Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions of the Project Area
CHAPTER 4 Project Description and Alternative Section
CHAPTER 5 Results of Environmental Scoping
CHAPTER 6 Field Survey Results
CHAPTER 7 Environmental and Social Impact Forecast
CHAPTER 8 Mitigation Measures and Environmental Management Plan
CHAPTER 9 Public Consultation and Disclosure
CHAPTER 10 Conclusions and Recommendations
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(2) A1
A1 was set in a flat area, located beside Yangon Circular Railway Line and about 3 m away
from the railway line and about 50 m far from the Golf Course Station. There are residential
houses and military compound nearby this station, the possible emission source other than the
train is mostly from these residential houses.
(3) A2
A2 was set in a flat area, located beside Yangon Circular Railway Line and about 1 m away
from the railway line and about 10 m far from the fence. There are residential houses, local
bazaar and a parallel traffic road called upper Kye Myin Daing Road nearby this station, the
possible emission source is mostly from those residential houses and /or running vehicles.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Table 6.1-3 Parameter and Measurement Equipment for Air Quality Survey
No. Parameter Equipment
1 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Aeroqual S 500 Gas level monitor.
2 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Aeroqual S 500 Gas level monitor.
3 Nitrogen monoxide (NO) Aeroqual S 500 Gas level monitor.
4 Carbon monoxide (CO) Aeroqual S 500 Gas level monitor.
5 Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) HAZ SCANNER TM EPAS Monitoring System
6 Particulate matter 10 (PM10) HAZ SCANNER TM EPAS Monitoring System
7 Wind speed HAZ SCANNER TM EPAS Monitoring System
8 Wind direction HAZ SCANNER TM EPAS Monitoring System
9 Air temperature HAZ SCANNER TM EPAS Monitoring System
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Location
No. Survey Area
(Latitude& Longitude)
W.2 Insein DRC (existing Depot) 1652'52.93"N
Outlet of the drainage channel 96 6'31.95"E
Creek between the Danyin Gone Station and Golf Course 1656'16.51"N
W.3
Station 96 5'48.60"E
W.4 Creek between the Kyauk Yay Twin Station and Tan Tar 1653'2.28"N
Lay Station 96 9'15.30"E
W.5 Creek between Myitar Nyunt Station and Ma Hlwa Gone 1648'19.69"N
Station, near Ma Hlwa Gone Station 9610'55.86"E
W.6 KhaingS hwe War Creek; Creek between Heldan Station 1649'56.65"N
and Ka Ma Yut Station 96 7'20.29"E
W.7 Creek between Ka Ma Yut Station and Thirimyaing 1650'52.68"N
Station, near Thirimyaing Station 96 7'5.13"E
W.8 Yoe Gyi Creek; Creek between Oak Kyin Station and 1651'33.50"N
Thamine Station, near Thamine Station 96 6'54.04"E
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
(3) W1
W1 is located at Insein DRC (existing Depot). It is at the outlet of the pump for disposing
water.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
(4) W2
W2 is also located at Insein DRC (existing Depot). However, it is at the outlet of the drainage
channel.
(5) W3
W3 is located on the creek between the Danyin Gone Station and Golf Course Station. The
railway line crosses this creek. The width of the creek is about 1 m.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
(6) W4
W4 is located on the creek between the Kyauk Yay Twin Station and Tan Tar Lay Station. It is
near the Thudhamma Road. The width of the creek is about 2 m.
(7) W5
W5 is located on the creek between Myitar Nyunt Station and Ma Hlwa Gone Station. It is
near the Ma Hlwa Gone Station. The width of the creek is about 2.5 m.
(8) W6
W6 is located on the KhaingShwe War Creek. It is between the Heldan Station and Kamayut
Station. The width of the creek is about 1 m.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
(9) W7
W7 is located on the creek between Kamayut Station and Thirimyaing Station and it is nearer
to Thirimyaing Station side. This creek flows from north to south and width of the creek is
about 3 m.
(10) W8
W8 is located on the Yoe Gyi Creek. It is between the Oakkyin Station and Thamine Station,
nearer to the Thamine Station. The creek flows from east to west and width of the creek is
about 3 m.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
In terms of effluent standard specified to railway facilities, TSS was significantly higher than
guideline value in every sampling point. In addition, high concentration of oil and grease was
monitored in W2 (outlet of the drainage channel in Insein DRC). At some points, total
nitrogen and total phosphors also exceeded the guideline values to be compared. However, it
can be generally concluded that most parameters are within the range of guideline value.
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(3) S1
S1 is located at the Insein DRC (existing depot). It is near the entrance of the depot.
(4) S2
It is located at the Insein DRC (existing depot).
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(5) S3
It is located at the Insein DRC (existing depot).
(6) S4
S4 is located at the Insein DRC (existing depot).
(7) S5
S5 is located at newly-expanded Insein DRC (new depot under construction).
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(8) S6
It is located at newly-expanded Insein DRC (new depot under construction).
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Additionally, one remark should be made for extremely high concentration of TPH at S3. It
indicates that a soil is contaminated by oil probably because of incineration of waste
containing an oil around S3.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Reference standard
Result in Thailand*1
Soil Analysis Habitat Other
No Unit
Parameters and Purpose
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
Agricult
ure
12 Chromium (Cr) ppm 15.3 20.15 76 25.52 0.35 <0.1 300 640
(Cr(VI)) (Cr(VI))
13 Selenium mg/kg <2.5 <2.5 <2.5 <2.5 <2.5 <2.5 390 10,000
14 TPH mg/kg 274.4 757.8 342,665.7 183.7 52.5 36.3 - -
*1 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in Thailand: Notification of National Environmental Board No. 25, B.E.,
2004
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
The measurement items for noise and vibration are described in the table below. Regarding a
noise measurement, A-weighted sound level, which describes a receiver's noise at any
moment in time was recorded. In the event that a train passes, a Sound Exposure Level (SEL
or LAE), which describes a receivers cumulative noise exposure from a single noise event is
derived from the integration of sound noise level. The LAE value contains the same amount of
acoustic energy over a normalised 1-second period as the actual noise event under
consideration. In this survey, LAE values were obtained for each type of assing passenger
trains of YCR in the survey period.
On the other hand for vibration, Vibration Exposure Level for z-direction was obtained from
each event of train passing and the railway vibration was evaluated based on powerlevel-
averaged vibration exposure level for each train type.
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(3) West-A-1
West-A-1 is located between Aung San Station and Da Nyin Gone Station, Aung San Ward,
Insein Township.
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(4) East-A-1
East-A-1 is located between Da Nyin Gone Station and Golf Kwin Station, No.960,
Danyingone Insein Township.
(5) East-B-1
East-B-1 is located between Parami Station and Kanbe Station, near the MR housing complex,
Building No.(1) (3) Ward, South Okkalapa Township.
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2) Measuring Method
The measuring instrument of noise and vibration level, measurement items and other
specifications are described in Table 6.4-3 and Table 6.4-4.
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LAeq (57.3 dB at 12.5 m) than the levels of EAST-A-1 and EAST-B-1 (around 5051 dB at
12.5 m) due to the difference of train frequency at nighttime.
These equivalent noise values indicate only the impact from the railway noise and do not
include the background noise level when trains do not pass. Therefore, they are not compared
with the noise levels specified in National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines.
Being compared with Japanese Guidelines for a new contraction of general railway as a
reference, the LAeq at only WEST-A-1 in nighttime (57.3 dB at 12.5 m) exceeds the Japanese
Guideline values (55 dB), which implies the increased number of train operation might cause
a certain level of impact on the receptors. However, referring to the Japanese Guidelines for a
large-scale modification, it says that the noise level should be improved compared with the
level prior to the modification. Thus, the noise impact to be caused by YCR upgrading project
should be evaluated in comparison to these noise levels recorded in this survey as a baseline
data.
The sound exposure level (LAE) for each train type, train direction and survey location and the
overall result of railway noise measurement are described in the following tables.
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There are no guidelines for vibration regulated by National Environmental Quality (Emission)
Guidelines and no railway-specific vibration guidelines in Japan. The vibration level in this
survey will be referred as a baseline data in pre-construction stage and used for comparison in
the construction and/or operation stage.
The vibration exposure level for each location, train type and train direction are summarized
in Table 6.4-7.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Table 7.1-1 shows a relation of activities of project components and each potential impact.
Table 7.1-2 includes summarized reasons of impact prediction. The EIA study highlighted the
following major concerns among them, while other details are described after Section 7.2.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
Out of some potential impacts of pollution control, noise and vibration would have the biggest
impact on local communities along the YCR Line, because of increase in the train speed and
frequency of train operation. On the other hand, the safety wall to be partially installed along
the railway track will serve as a sound barrier. Track and roadbed improvement works will
also muffle railway noise and vibration. It is crucial to monitor the noise and vibration level
along the YCR Line to evaluate the actual impacts whether is enhanced by upgrading YCR
Line.
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Table 7.1-1 Summary of Environmental and Social Impacts of YCR Line Upgrading Project
ClS/
Stage PS CS* OS DS
PoS
Residual impacts
inspection works
Power supply
Basic design
2. Water pollution D B- D D D B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- D
3. Waste D B- D D B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- B- D
4. Soil contamination D D D D D D D D D D D D D D B- D B-
6. Offensive odor D D D D D C D D D D D D D C D D D
7. Ground subsidence D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Natural Environment
8. Protected area D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
22. Landscape D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
23. Gender D D D D D D D D D D D D D D B+ D D
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Note :
A-: Significant negative impact is expected, if any measures are not taken against the impact. (highlightened in gray)
A+: Significant positive impact is expected.
B-: Negative impact is expected to some extent, if any measures are not taken against the impact. (highlightened in gray)
B+: Some positive impact is expected.
C: Impacts are not clear and further examination is needed. (highlightened in gray)
D No impact is expected.
PrS: Pre-construction Stage, CS: Construction Stage, OS: Operation stage, DS: Decommissioning Stage, CIS: Closure Stage, PoS: Post-closure Stage
* The project component of construction of depot facilities is excluded in this table because it is a separate project of MR. Regarding the new Insein depot, YCR Line Upgrading Project
will only target on a procurement and installation of insufficient facilities of new depot, which does not involve construction works.
Source: JICA Study Team
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Assessment Result
Cl
No Item Pr Assessment
CS OS DS S/P
S
oS
9. Flora, fauna & D B- D D D CS: It is expected hundreds of trees along the railway track will be cut
biodiversity or removed. Impacts on flora, fauna and biodiversity are expected to
be limited and temporary because trees observed along the YCR Line
are commonly found in public parks, other greenery areas and along
the roads in Yangon City.
10. Hydrological D C C D D CS: It is unknown whether drainage improvement works will affect a
situation/drainage hydrology and other drainage system around the project site.
system OS: A drainage condition of YCR Line will be better after improvement
of drainage system. However, it is unknown whether drainage
improvement works will affect a hydrology and other drainage system
around the project site.
11. Topography & D D D D D No large-scale alteration of land is expected due to construction work.
Geographical
Features
Social Environment
12. Involuntary B- B- D D D PrS/CS: Due to the project activities of new FOB installation, level
resettlement crossing works, safety fence installation, power supply and other
small building works, a certain number of structures including
houses/shops and project affected persons(PAPs) will be negatively
affected. However, no land acquisition is expected. Expected number
of PAHs/PAPs is 30 households/137 persons. Thus, MR as a project
proponent has prepared an Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan
(ARP) and plans to provide necessary compensation and support of
resettlement to these PAPs.
13. Poverty B- B- D D D PrS/CS: Due to removal and relocation of structures to be affected
/B+ /B+ and disturbance of vendor business activities, income of some PAPs
and vendors might be decreased temporarily. On the other hand, the
Project may create more and more employment opportunities for local
people including vulnerable group/the poor.
14. Indigenous people C D D D D In the census and socio-economic survey that was conducted in
& ethnic minority June-July 2016, indigenous people were not found in the project area.
The census survey for the ARP found that some Kayin, Shan, Muslim,
Hindu and other people other than the majority of Burmese in the
Project area. However, the impact on those minorities that would
occur in pre-construction stage is expected not very significant but
currently uncertain since it requires more detailed information of the
respective households.
15. Local economy B- B- A+ D D PrS/CS: During construction period of safety fence installation,
such as /B+ /B+ improvement of station facilities and other railroad works, vendors
employment and business activities at stations and along railway tracks will be stopped
livelihood or obstructed. Appropriate measures to continue their business
activities will need to be considered. On the other hand, some
temporary employment opportunities of residents for construction
work is expected.
OS: Through this Project, the existing YCR Line will be improved to
provide faster and safer service, which may give rise to more
convenience and comfort to passengers as well as making easier
access to working places and social services. In addition, passengers
delivering and selling agricultural products to consumers by train will
also be benefitted. These may result in improvement living condition
and acceleration of local economy growth.
16. (Surrounding) land D D D D D The project sites are mostly within ROW of MR along YCR and the
use and utilization project will not alter any (surrounding) land use and utilization of local
of local resources resources.
17 Water usage D D D D D Impact on water usage is not expected because water consumption
for construction and demolition work will be small.
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Assessment Result
Cl
No Item Pr Assessment
CS OS DS S/P
S
oS
18. Existing social D B- D D D CS: During a construction work period of new level crossing system
infrastructures and and other surrounding facilities, vehicle drivers and foot passengers
services will have some inconvenience and have to wait or use other roads
resulting in considerable congestion of road traffic at some locations
temporarily. It will also entail difficult accessibility between places in
surrounding area. An appropriate construction schedule and
arrangement will be required to minimize the traffic congestion and
confusion. In addition, there might be some inconvenience for YCR
Line users due to a railway operation limit for construction work on or
around railway tracks.
19. Equality of benefits B- D D D D The project itself intends to improve railway transport, which is major
and losses and portion of public transport in Yangon City. However, there would be
equality in the some misdistribution of benefit and damage between residents to be
development resettled and the general public/passengers.
process
20. Local conflicts of C C D D D PrS/CS: Some local conflicts that might be derived from informal
interests occupants to be affected by this YCR upgrading project and the other
informal occupants in MR land. Additionally, there would be some
conflicts between the PAUs who will be compensated and assisted by
the YCR project and informal occupants to be assisted by the YRGs
Squatter Clearance Plan regarding their entitlement packages.
21. Cultural heritage D D D D D The Kyee Myint Daing Railway Station and Yangon Central Railway
Station are registered as a Heritage Site of YCDC. However, YCR
Line upgrading works will not involve renovation of these historical
buildings or affect the cultural heritage.
22. Landscape D D D D D No law-based designated areas are found around the project areas
and change in existing landscape is expected to be negligible in all
project phases.
23. Gender D D B+ D D Any gender issues that would be caused by Project are not
anticipated in all stages of project activity. On the other hand, in
operational stage, the station facility improvement including the barrier
free measures and installation of lighting pole will improve safety for
female passengers.
24. Childrens right D D B+ D D The project will not cause any adverse impact on childrens rights. On
the other hand, the accessibility to education and other services for
children will be improved by Project.
25. Infectious diseases D B- D B- D CS/DS: Risks for infectious diseases might be increased due to influx
such as HIV/AIDS of construction/demolition workers into the project area.
OS: In the operation stage, train operation and maintenance works
will be operated by existing MR staffs and risks for infectious diseases
are not anticipated due to influx of workers.
26. Working conditions D B- D B- D CS/DS: The construction and demolition works would involve
including occupational health and safety risk of accidents and diseases during
occupational construction/demolition work.
health and safety
Others
27. Traffic accident D B- B- D D CS: Some illegal encroachment such as crossing railways by walk
/B+ and occupation on railway yard with temporary huts, kiosks and
vendors are expected along the YCR Line sections. Not only
construction works but also those local people might get involved in
accident on the construction site. It shall be well controlled and
managed by several means such as an installation of notice board,
security guard and proper barricading.
OS: An increase in the frequency of trains and speed may result in an
increase in risk of traffic accidents. The installed safety fence,
installation of level crossings and automatic bars will minimize these
accidents. Further measures against railway accidents by MR will be
required.
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Assessment Result
Cl
No Item Pr Assessment
CS OS DS S/P
S
oS
28. Climate change D B- B- B- D CS/DS: Greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO2 due to construction
/B+ vehicles and machines will be generated on a small scale and
temporarily.
OS: GHG emission will be increased by increased frequency of trains
on upgraded YCR Line. On the other hand, renovation of YCR Line
may attract more passengers due to faster and safer operation than
existing train operation. This will enhance modal shift to railway
transport from road transport, that will result in reduction of GHGs.
29 Hazardous D B- B- B- D CD/DS: Construction or demolition work may pose the potential for
materials and oil release of fuel or hazardous substance that is used for equipment or
management construction/demolition work.
OS: Fueling stations have a potential risk of soil and water resource
contamination due to leaks and spills of fuel. Hazardous materials
such as solvents, acids and alkalis may also be used in maintenance
work of locomotives and rolling stocks.
Note:
A-: Significant negative impact is expected, if any measures are not taken against the impact.
A+: Significant positive impact is expected.
B-: Negative impact is expected to some extent, if any measures are not taken against the impact.
B+: Some positive impact is expected.
C: Impacts are not clear and further examination is needed.
D No impact is expected.
PrS: Pre-construction Stage, CS: Construction Stage, OS: Operational stage, DS: Decommissioning Stage,
CIS: Closure Stage, PoS: Post-closure Stage
Source: JICA Study Team
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The detailed explanation of method and result of impact prediction will be described
below.
[Forecast area]
- Along the YCR Line and in the area of YCR-Line-related facilities such as stations
[Forecast period]
- Pre-construction stage: Basic and detailed design stage and preparation of
construction that would accompany a resettlement and relocation of project affected
buildings
- Construction stage: Period when construction activities of YCR upgrading project are
implemented
- Operation stage: After the commencement of the operation of trains
- Decommissioning stage: Period when demolition works of YCR Line is implemented
- Closure stage and Post-closure stage: After a completion of demolition works of YCR
Line
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- The quality of wastewater discharged into the creeks and to the surrounding area near
the YCR Line during construction and decommissioning stages
- The quality of wastewater discharged into the creeks caused by maintenance and
inspection works in the operational stage
However, since these impacts are expected to be temporary and site-specific events, it is
considered that there will not be significant environmental impacts on the surrounding
water body. Even so, the water pollution need to be prevented and controlled by
monitoring and managing the actual impacts. In such case, the applicable guideline value
for storm water, effluent and sanitary discharges can be referred in the National
Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (MONREC, 2015).
On the other hand, in the Insein New Expanded Depot that is under construction by other
project of MR, the water treatment system to prevent the water deterioration by oil,
lubricants and other chemicals needs be considered to be installed. In this EIA of the YCR
Line Project, it is recommended that an appropriate measurement against such wastewater
will be taken into consideration for the Insein new depot in order to meet the guideline
value specified by National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (MONREC,
2015).
7.4 Waste
7.4.1 Forecast Item and Method
Impacts on waste management were forecasted considering the following items and
general waste disposal method in Yangon City:
- Solid waste to be generated from the construction work including foundation works
and excavation works
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Domestic wastes including solid and liquid wastes will be generated in the construction
office and other related facilities for workers. Proper waste collecting system including the
installation of temporary septic tank for sewage waste will be developed by contractor(s).
A final disposal of waste will be done in accordance with the rule and instructions of
YCDC.
Hence, it is considered that waste generated from construction works would be well
controlled, and would not cause any significant environmental impacts on the surrounding
area of YCR Line.
Hence, it is considered that demolition waste will be well controlled, and would not cause
any significant environmental impact on the surrounding area of YCR Line.
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- Noise and vibration generated by construction work of YCR Line upgrading project.
- Noise and vibration increased by operating trains on upgraded YCR Line.
- Noise and vibration generated by demolition work of YCR Line upgrading project
These impacts were qualitatively forecasted considering the period and type of
construction work and the existence of sensitive receptors along the railway line.
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In terms of noise level, referring to the Japanese Guidelines for a large-scale modification
of railway, it is suggested that the noise level should be improved compared with the level
prior to the modification.
- Loss of trees along the YCR Line due to installation of safety fence and other facilities
and associated civil work
- Loss of important species and/or their habitats caused by upgrading of YCR Line
The impact forecast on flora, fauna and biodiversity was conducted as follows:
- To estimate the type and number of trees along the YCR Line and to examine impact
on trees by referring to proposed area of Project activities/components to upgrade the
YCR Line
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Regarding the permission of cutting trees, in case that the project is owned by a private
owner and under the administration of YCDC, the project owner firstly should clarify the
number and species of trees to be cut due to the project and confirm with the Forest
Department of MONREC and Regional Environmental Conservation Department of
MONREC to ask for any instructions and proceedings. Especially, cutting of any restricted
trees such as Teak generally requires the approval from Forest Department. Secondly, the
project owner should get the confirmation from Department of Park in YCDC.
On the other hand, in case of the YCR Upgrading Project to be implemented by MR under
MoTC, MR is exempt from some steps as mentioned above. MR will be able to cut down
trees without claiming an approval from those departments as a practical proceeding.
However, for the YCR work, it is recommended that the prior consultation with these
related departments be made to receive their comments and recommendations that would
include the replantation of trees.
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The target households and units of resettlement or relocation will be fixed in the detailed
design stage and the resettlement will be conducted prior to construction work. The
resettlement may involve a dramatic change in PAPs social and economic status such as
livelihood and lifestyle from the pre-construction stage until post construction stage. The
specific impact will be described by item of social impact in the following sections.
MR has developed the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARP) and will be required
to provide necessary compensation and support of resettlement to these PAUs and PAPs
by consultation with them and with supervision of YRG. The proceeding will be in line
with the requirement of JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations
(2014). The details are described in the upgraded ARP.
As a whole, this Project will involve a certain number of resettlement, but the scale of
PAPs is limited to be less than 200 PAPs. The ARP has been elaborated where the
appropriate consideration for implementing the resettlement should be taken.
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7.12 Poverty
7.12.1 Forecast Item and Method
A possible impact to the poor and people who live or along and surrounding area of YCR
Line in terms of poverty is forecasted considering their economic baseline.
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On the other hand, as for the construction work of level crossing system, only one lane of
the road will be allowed to cross the level crossing by turns. It would result in congestion
of road traffic in the construction site and detour in surrounding area.
Hence, there would be some traffic congestion with inconvenience and confusion for
railway users and vehicle users in the surrounding area.
7.18 Equality of Benefits and Losses and Equality in the Development Process
7.18.1 Forecast Item and Method
The possibility to cause any inequality of benefits and losses and inequality in the
development process were examined considering the social baseline of the project area
and characteristics of the Project.
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as the YRGs Squatter Clearance Plan. In such case, there might be some local conflicts of
interests between the PAPs of this Project and others in the course of implementation of
ARP, namely in the pre-construction stage and construction stage.
Except for these stations, all the project components will be conducted within MR or
public land and no cultural and historical heritage is found along the YCR Line. Thus, no
adverse impact on cultural heritage is anticipated.
7.21 Gender
7.21.1 Forecast Item and Method
The possible concerns or impact that is related to gender and may be derived from the
implementation of the Project were examined considering the characteristics of the Project
and railway passengers as well as social background of the Project area.
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In the other stages of the Project, the higher risk for infectious diseases is not anticipated.
On the other hand, in the operation of upgraded YCR Line, the new increased risk on
occupational health and safety is not expected.
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The traffic at entrances to construction sites and vehicle route need to be well controlled to
prevent vehicle incidents.
In the operational stage, an increase in the train frequency and speed may result in an
increase in these probabilities and risk of accident. Especially focusing on the current issue
of dangerous trespassing in the YCR Line as mentioned above, installation of safety fence
and FOBs to prevent access to tracks will minimize these accidents. Education and
awareness raising for local people and passengers are also crucial. These countermeasures
should be continuously carried out from the pre-construction stage to the operational stage.
In the other stages of the Project, the increase in traffic accident risk is not anticipated.
- The greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in construction work of upgrading of YCR Line.
- The GHG emission increased by operating trains on upgraded YCR Line.
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- To minimize and/or avoid potential negative impacts, and to strengthen positive impacts
during stages of the project life cycle, and
- To provide clarity to all stakeholders what environmental and social impacts have been
identified, and how they will be mitigated and managed.
It should be noted that EMP and EMoP will need to be reviewed and updated during the
detailed design stage and before the commencement of construction work in order to make
themselves more feasible and effective to be suited for the actual project plan and site
conditions.
- Control environmental pollution such as air and noise caused by the operation of equipment
during construction stage, and
- Control any interruptions to traffic stability during construction stage.
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packages.
Source: JICA Study Team
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Expected
Implement Managed Supervis
Category Item Environmental and Mitigations Measures
ed by by ed by
Social Impacts
Working condition 1) Accidents in the 1) Compliance with Contractor MR Ministry
including operation of requirement of Labor for
occupational health machinery and other Law Labour,
and safety demolition works 2) Preparation of a Immigrati
2) Risk of safety and health on and
occupational health management plan Populatio
and safety for workers and enlighten n
in case of severe occupational safety to
working conditions workers
3) Providing a proper
personal protective
equipment such as
helmet, safety jacket,
gloves and safety
shoes for workers as
needed
Others Hazardous Spoil of fuel or 1) Training workers on Contractor MR MONRE
materials and oil hazardous substance appropriate handling C
management that is used for of fuels and chemicals
demolition work 2) Measures for
adequate spill control
and leakage control
system
Table 8.2-5 Summary of Environmental Management Plan (Closure Stage and Post-closure
Stage)
Expected Environmental Mitigations Implement Managed Supervis
Category Item
and Social Impacts Measures ed by by ed by
Pollution Soil contamination Residual impact of soil Remediation of Contractor MR MONRE
contamination from contaminated soil C
maintenance works in with proper
depot and other activities treatment, of any
contamination is
found
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Supervised
Category Monitoring Item Location Frequency Monitored by
by
condition 2) Record of implementing the safety and site(s) minimum (managed by Labour,
including health management plan 2) Quarterly MR) Immigration
occupational and
health and Population
safety
Traffic accident 1) Site patrol Construction 1) Monthly at Contractor Police force
2) Record of accidents site(s) minimum (managed by and YCDC
3) Record of safety-awareness campaign and 2) Monthly3) MR)
other measures Monthly
Hazardous 1) Site patrol to check a condition of handling Construction 1) Monthly Contractor MONREC
materials and or storing hazardous materials site(s) 2) Quarterly (managed by
oil 2) Record of training on handling hazardous MR)
management materials for workers
Source: EIA Study Team
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Supervised
Category Monitoring Item Location Frequency Monitored by
by
Hazardous 1) Record of training on handling hazardous Project area Quarterly for the MR MONREC
materials and materials for workers first 3
oil 2) Record and condition of handling or storing years after
management hazardous materials starting of the
operation stage
Source: EIA Study Team
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(a) Planning tasks, including elaborating an overall plan and detailed annual (or monthly)
plans on the Project implementation (disbursement plan, spending plan, bidding plan,
etc.),
(b) Tasks of management of preparation for the Project implementation,
(c) Tasks of bidding and contract management,
(d) Tasks of financial and asset management and disbursement,
(e) Administrative and coordination tasks and responsibility of justification,
(f) Tasks of monitoring, evaluating and reporting program or the Project implementation,
(g) Tasks of take-over, hand-over and financial settlement of programs or the Project, and
(h) Other particular tasks.
The following chart is an organization structure of PMU for the YCR Upgrading Project. The
section for EIA, SIA, Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and land acquisitions will be mainly
in charge of management of EMP and EMoP implementation activities. For this purpose, this
section will work together with the other sections including a public relation and safety
planning as needed.
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Figure 8.4-1 Organizational Structure of PMU for the YCR Upgrading Project
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The systematic institutional arrangement is firstly required in the pre-construction stage and
construction stage. The organization framework for implementing EMP and EMoP in these
stages are sorted out as follows;
- The consultants, if they are hired, will supervise the contactors in implementation of
mitigation measures and monitoring. If any issues are identified, the consultants will
suggest MR to take appropriate countermeasures to improve any adverse impacts. The
consultants will conduct the monitoring and inspection of construction work and report
to MR. The consultants will also support MR to prepare the monitoring report to
MONREC and JICA respectively, as required by EIA Procedure and JICA Guidelines.
- MR is the executing agency and fully responsible of implementing EMP and EMoP. The
PMU will manage all the activities for EMP and EMoP. The PMU will submit the
monitoring report that is prepared by the contractors/consultants to MONREC through
MOTC basically not less frequently than every six months, in order to company with the
requirement of the EIA Procedure. The PMU will also submit the monitoring report to
JICA as required by JICA Guidelines.
- The close relationship with local authorities such as YCDC and GAD is also crucial to
deal with and solve the site-specific concerns or issues such as a waste management or
any complaints from the local communities.
- On the other hand, as for resettlement and compensation, the institutional framework will
be developed in the ARP, in which YRG is mainly responsible for implementing the
resettlement and compensation while MR is responsible to prepare the budget for
compensations and any other expense or support based on the YRGs decision. The
monitoring activities for ARP will be integrated after the updated ARP is prepared and
when the EMP and EMoP will be updated at the detailed design stage.
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Note:
1) The cost for site patrol is included in the dairy work and not included in this table.
2) This cost estimation is provisional and will be elaborated in the detailed design stage or at proper time
Table 8.6-1 Implementation Schedule for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project
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The EIA Procedure requires public consultation in 2 stages, namely in scoping process and
EIA report preparation process.
Section 50 of the EIA Procedure states that the following requirements for public consultation
and disclosure in the scoping process:
- As part of the Scoping, the project proponent shall ensure that the following public
consultation and participation process is carried out:
- Disclose information about the proposed project to the public and civil society through
local media, including by means of the prominent posting of legible sign boards and
advertising boards at the project site which are visible to the public; and
- Arrange the required complement of consultation meetings as advised by the Ministry,
with local communities, potentially PAPs, local authorities, community based
organizations, and civil society.
The above statement sets clear the scope of initial public consultation and participation
process for the scoping exercise.
Additionally, Section 60 and 61 also describe the EIA needs consider views, concerns and
perceptions of stakeholders, communities and individuals affected by the Project or those who
have an interest in the Project in order to assess impacts, design, and prepare mitigation
measures, management and monitoring plans.
- Timely disclosure of all relevant information about the proposed Project and its likely adverse
impacts to the public and civil society through local and national media, the website(s) of the
Project or Project Proponent, at public places such as libraries and community halls, and on sign
boards at the Project site visible to the public, and provide appropriate and timely explanations in
press conferences and media interviews;
- Arrange consultation meetings at national, regional, state, Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory and local
levels, with PAPs, authorities, community based organizations and civil society;
- Consultations with concerned government organizations including the Ministry, the concerned
sector ministry, regional government authorities and others; and
- Field visits for the Ministry and concerned government organizations.
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The JICA Guidelines also require 2-stage consultation for the full EIA study, namely when the
scoping is conducted and when the draft final EIA is prepared.
The outline of the past stakeholder meetings is described in Table 9.3-1. The detailed records
such as the minutes of meetings and photos are shown in the Appendix 3.
9.4 Outline of the Stakeholder Meeting in the EIA Report Preparation Stage
The 2nd stakeholder meeting for the entire section was held in July 2016 after the preparation
of the draft EIA report in order to facilitate the further engagement of stakeholders.
In the 2nd stakeholder meeting, the Project Proponent explained the project background,
objectives, components, and planned implementation schedule. Additionally, the objectives of
the EIA and this stakeholder meeting, alternative considerations in planning, highlights of the
survey results, expected environmental and social impacts, major mitigation measures and the
monitoring approach were explained by the EIA consultant on behalf of the Project Proponent.
In the Q & A session, various stakeholders such as the PAHs, the general public, the
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parliament members of Yangon Region, government officers, NGOs, the mass media asked
questions on the plan, schedule, budget, social impacts such as relocation of vendors and
considerations for physically challenged passengers, resettlement, environmental monitoring
and others.
Table 9.4-1 Outline of the Second Stakeholder Meeting for the Entire Section of YCR
Project Name Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project
Agenda 1. Opening Remarks by U Tun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower Myanmar),
Myanma Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
2. Presentation on Project Plan, by U Tun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower
Myanmar), Myanma Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
3. Presentation on Environmental and Social Considerations in Yangon Circular Railway
Line Upgrading Project, by U Tin Aung Moe, Director of E Guard Environmental
Services Co., Ltd.
4. Tea Break
5. Question and Answer Session
6. Closing Remarks by U Tun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower Myanmar), Myanma
Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
Date July 12th, Tuesday 2016
Time 13:00 pm to 15:30 pm
Venue Yuzana Garden Hotel, Yangon
Attendees 57 Local People
31 from Media
61 Staffs from Government Departments and other Organizations
5 from Private companies
4 from NGOs
3 from JICA Study Team
Total Participants (161)
Major a) From Local People
Discussions Q1: How will you manage and compensate for our losses that are affected by the project? (a PAH)
A1: MR has surveyed and recorded all possible affected structures including shops, houses, etc.
Abbreviated Resettlement Plan (ARP) will be prepared and also submitted to Yangon Region
Government. Tentative relocation site is considered in Ywarthargyi. If PAPs do not satisfy that place,
we will manage the nearest location of existing place.
Q2: How will you consider for vendors like us who are doing business activities near the Station? (a
vendor)
Answer: If you are doing business activity in an illegal place where that place is not recognized by
YCDC or MR, we would not include them in any supporting or compensation program.
b) From NGO
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Q3: Is there any plan to make convenient for disable persons that are using the train? (an NGO for the
disabled persons)
A3: We have planned to make plane level for wheel-chair users to be able to take the train without
difficulty.
Q4: First question is how to manage solid waste generated by construction workers and other
construction waste. Who will monitor the implementation of Environmental Management Plan
(EMP)? I would like to suggest that monitoring of EMP should be done by independent consultant or
third party instead of the project contractor.
A4: Monitoring team independently will conduct monitoring activities for each stage of the project.
But, new legal framework of Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring works has been
newly established in Myanmar and there will be still some weak points in conducting environmental
assessment and monitoring works. Waste disposal plans for each stage of the project are described in
EIA Report.
Q5: How do you manage for resettlement for PAPs? (an NGO)
A5: PAHs who are entitled for compensation, relocation and income restoration program was
identified and is being reviewed after socio-economic surveying. In addition, we will formulate Project
Management Units (PMUs) and all resettlement matters will be conducted by this committee. Detail
explanation will be described in ARP Report.
c) From Government
Q6: I would like to know source of financial aid for the project, estimated amount of the aid and
implementation period of the project. (a Member of Yangon Region Parliament)
A6: MR will carry out necessary work using MRs budget on the civil and track work, station
platform, power supply, depot and workshop for installation of the new signaling system and DEMUs.
However, technical support will be provided from JICA in designing those elements. The targeted year
for the project implementation is 2017-2018.
Q7: In current situation, we have some difficulties to use train due to long distance from home to train
station and traffic congestion. Will you discuss with JICA for solving this problem, for example
arranging shuttle bus to stations? Are there any specific guidelines or instructions for clearance of
existing illegal residents, and shops along the YCR Line? (a Member of Yangon Region Parliament)
A7: In the future, feeder lines will be arranged to reach the destination in a short period. Regarding
shops in MR land, they are doing these business activities with MIC permission. So every plan of MR
will be informed to Yangon Region Government.
Q8: Height of FOB near Kyee Myin Daing Station was raised for the reason of running electric train
and it makes very close to power transmission lines. Recently, an accident was occurred on that bridge
and cause of the death is suspected to be due to electric shock. This shows poor quality of the new
FOBs construction and I would like to ask how to rebuild the FOBs to get good quality. (a Member of
Yangon Region Parliament)
A8: Yes, we increased the height of that FOB according to design requirements for the future
operation of electric train. It was constructed by a contractor not by MR and this might be due to lack
of technical cooperation between MR and YESC.
Q9: To my understanding, this project was contracted since 2013. Who will manage the project, Union
Government or Regional Government? (a Member of Yangon Region Parliament)
A9: Transportation sector is under the management of the Union Government. The Government of
Myanmar (GOM) has officially requested support from the Government of Japan with regard to the
Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project through provision of a Japanese ODA. As the
project site is located in Yangon Region, the project would also be implemented in accordance with
the Yangon Region Governments instructions.
d) From Media
Q10: How much is the amount of allocated budget for this project? I would like to know the current
speed of the train and increased speed of the train in the operation phase.
A10: Estimate budget for the upgrading of YCL Line project is about 200 million US dollar. Current
speed is about 15mph and the target maximum running speed of the project is 20mph.
Materials Power-point Presentation Document on Project Plan
Provided Power-point Presentation Document on Environmental and Social Considerations
Source: JICA Study Team
9-4
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
9.6 Disclosure
It is planned that the EIA report will be disclosed at (1) MR HQ office in Nay Pyi Taw
Station; (2) MR Lower Myanmar Administration Office in Yangon; and (3) major YCR
stations and/or townships governmental offices after its submission to ECD/MONREC as per
Section 65 of the EIA Procedure.
The executive summary in Myanmar will be disclosed at MR HQ office in Nay Pyi Taw
Station; MR Lower Myanmar Administration Office in Yangon; and major YCR stations and
major district government offices in the Project area, and the full EIA report in Myanmar and
English will be also available at MR HQ office in Nay Pyi Taw Station; and MR Lower
Myanmar Administration Office in Yangon.
9-5
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
The project does not belong to (1) sensitive sectors such as large scale development of roads
and bridges, (2) sensitive characteristics such as large-scale involuntary resettlement of more
than 200 PAPs and (3) sensitive areas such as nationally-designated protected areas, primeval
forests areas, and does not affect (4) areas with unique archaeological, historical, or cultural
value as listed in Appendix 3 of the JICA Guidelines. On the other hand, this Project is
categorized as EIA Type ll Project by Myanmar Government because more than 5 km of
renovation project of railway shall conduct an EIA in accordance with the Notification of EIA
Procedure (2015).
According to the results of the EIA study for the Upgrading of YCR Line Project, conclusion
is drawn is follows:
1) In terms of living environment, most of the impacts are controlled and limited in and
around the project area. The key negative impacts such as emission of air pollutants
such as gas and dust, degradation of surface water quality and generation of noise and
vibration are expected . However, planning and implementation of appropriate
environmental mitigation measures in the EMP such as sprinkling water to specific area
of construction site (e.g. FOB construction site) for dust prevention, and to limit the
mobilization of construction vehicles for prevention of emission gas, and to prepare the
appropriate construction schedule to prevent noise generation during the night time will
minimize these negative impacts.
2) In terms of natural environment, YCR Line does not pass through any protected area or
reserved forest areas or natural forests in the City. Almost all of the land along the YCR
Line was highly urbanized except some limited areas in the north. The lands along the
northern section of the YCR Line are still used for agricultural activities. Most of plants
along the YCR Line are also found commonly in public parks, other greenery areas and
along the roads in the Yangon City. Since there are over thousand trees within the MR
fence line, and not all, but partially these trees will be cleared for the construction work.
To minimize the impact, the number of tress to be cleared needs to be minimized as
much as possible by reconfirming the site specific requirement, and replanting the
affected trees in the project area needs to be considered wherever possible.
3) In terms of social environment, the project sites are mostly within MR's land/ROW and
no land acquisition is required for the Project. However, most structures such as houses
and shops along railway section, although located within ROW of MR can be affected
10-1
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
partially by the project during the pre-construction stage and the construction stage of
the project. In addition, some water logged spaces within MRs land/ROW rented from
MR for cultivation of vegetables can also be affected by the project. Safety fence
installation along the YCR Line which is one of project components will indirectly
affect and stop vendor activities in Thamine station, Da Nyin Kone station and Kanbe
station until MR and other respective government bodies such as YCDC and YRG
arrange alternative space and facilities so that these vendors can continue their
livelihood/business activities.
4) In addition, passengers delivering and selling agricultural products to consumers by
train will also be benefitted indirectly. These may result in overall improvement living
condition and acceleration the growth of local economy.
5) On the other hand, after upgrading of YCR Line, the existing YCR transport services
will be upgraded to faster and safer, which may give rise to more convenience and
comfort to passengers as well as making easier access to working places, schools, social
services, shopping and other daily life activities. Especially, it will also contribute to
improvement of traffic congestion of Yangon city if the number of train users is
increased.
6) In addition, there are some other social impacts of the YCR Line upgrading project.
Some impacts on occupational/health and safety including rail safety are expected
during the project implementation as well as the operation. However, these impacts will
be overall minimized with appropriate mitigation and management plan and by
complying with national and international occupational health and safety guidelines.
Especially, safety for passengers needs to be ensured by providing the educational
program on safety awareness to passengers and local residents during the construction
and operation stages.
7) Moreover, the existing railway service will be temporarily disturbed during the
construction since the number of the trains could be reduced depending on the
construction plan such as construction work on night window time or live line
construction work with the partial single track operation. The inconvenience for
passengers needs to be minimized to the extent possible by providing the prior notice of
the construction plan to passengers and if necessary, alternative transportation for
railway passengers.
8) Lastly, since the YCR Line is located in the middle of Yangon City, the traffic will be
disturbed during the construction stage especially in the central business district. To
minimize the impacts and the inconvenience of general public and local residents, the
specific traffic management plan need to be prepared.
In consideration of the result of the EIA study for the project, the Environmental Management
Plans (EMPs) including adequate mitigation measures to reduce the negative impacts and
Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) are proposed for each stage of the project.
There are 2 other challenges for implementation of this project beside the above-mentioned
specific measures. Firstly, it is suggested that MoTC, MR, YRG, YCDC and related
townships mutually work closely together to move forward with the Project plan. In order to
fulfill this objective and required performance, the Project requires to cooperate with related
parties including the local government (e.g. YRG and YCDC) and communities and to take a
10-2
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (Draft Final)
sufficient consideration for potential inconvenience and issues on social and environmental
aspects. For example, the civil-work period would involve some temporal inconvenience to
passengers and residents along railway due to construction works and partially-restricted
operation of YCR. It is crucial to announce the construction plan in advance and provide an
alternative transportation as needed to avoid confusion. The installation of signaling system
entails flood countermeasures which need to be secured with the good performance of public
drainage system to be managed by YCDC. The safety measures in railway track and platform
such as the installation of safety fence and safety awareness program targeting passengers and
residents should be practiced so that a risk of railway accidents can be minimized even after
the train speed is increased. The alternative market and resettlement of PAHs also needs to be
implemented in consultation with YRG and YCDC.
Secondly, it is suggested that MR will comply with the proposed Environmental Mitigation
and Management Plans in implementing for all stages of the Project. For the Project, the civil
work will be funded by the Government of Myanmar, and installing signaling system and
procurement of DEMU will be funded by the JICA. Since the JICA loan project requires
environmental and social considerations or compliance of safety, health and environment
requirements at the international level, wherever there is a significant gap between the
national requirements and the international requirements, the gap filling measure needs to be
adopted by the Project Proponent/Executing Agency.
As Myanmar is moving forward with the momentum to become a better and improved nation,
it is essential to have secure, reliable and efficient transportation facilities in the largest city.
The railway system has the lowest emission level per user, is the cheapest mode of land
transportation, has the largest capacity of mobility and is the most convenient and reliable
way of travelling. Thus, it is recommended that the improvement of the existing aged railway
system is vital for the development process of Myanmar.
10-3
APPENDIX 1 GAPS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
CONSIDERATIONS BETWEEN MYANMAR
LEGISLATION AND JICA GUIDELINES
Table A1.1 Gaps between the JICA Guidelines and EIA Procedure in Myanmar
Gaps Measures to
Requirements and Key between JICA Filling Gap
No Requirements in EIA
Contents Points in the JICA Guideline and
. Procedure in Myanmar
Guidelines EIA Procedure in
Myanmar
1 Information EIA reports must be written in IEE report, scoping report and Since the relevant In the
disclosure the official language or in a EIA report shall be prepared reports are Project,
in the language widely used in the either in the Myanmar required to be Myanmar
official country in which the project is language or in the English written in the language has
language to be implemented. When language with an Myanmar been used
or/and in a explaining projects to local accompanying accurate language for a series
language residents, written materials summary in the Myanmar (summary or the of
widely used must be provided in a language. (Chapter IV 35, entire text), EIA stakeholder
in the language and form Chapter V 51, 62) Procedure in meeting and
country understandable to them. Myanmar is the
The documents that would be consistent with the documents
used in the meetings with local JICA Guidelines. used in the
stakeholders will be prepared On the other hand, meeting.
in an official or widely used there is no written
language and in a form rule about the
understandable by local language to be
people. used in the public
consultation
meetings in laws
in Myanmar.
2 Scope of The impacts to be assessed The EIA investigation shall There is no -
impact to be with regard to environmental consider all biological, difference.
assessed and social considerations physical, social, economic,
include impacts on human health, cultural and visual
health and safety, as well as on components of the study area
the natural environment, that during all project phases
are transmitted through air, including pre-construction,
water, soil, waste, accidents, construction, operation,
water usage, climate change, decommissioning, closure and
ecosystems, fauna and flora, post-closure and shall identify
including trans-boundary or and assess all adverse impacts,
global scale impacts. These risks, cumulative impacts and
also include social impacts, residual impacts. (Chapter V
including migration of 56)
population and involuntary
resettlement, local economy,
existing social infrastructures
and services, vulnerable social
groups such as poor and
indigenous peoples and
equality of benefits and losses.
In addition to the direct and
immediate impacts of projects,
their derivative, secondary,
and cumulative impacts as
well as the impacts of projects
that are indivisible from the
project are also to be examined
and assessed to a reasonable
extent.
Appendix - 1
Gaps Measures to
Requirements and Key between JICA Filling Gap
No Requirements in EIA
Contents Points in the JICA Guideline and
. Procedure in Myanmar
Guidelines EIA Procedure in
Myanmar
3 Examinatio Multiple alternatives must be In the procedure of EIA There is no -
n of examined in order to avoid or investigation, consideration of difference.
alternatives minimize adverse impacts and the selected alternatives and
to choose better project comparison and selection of
options in terms of the preferred alternatives shall
environmental and social be done. (Chapter V 58)
considerations.
4 Environmen Appropriate follow-up plans Management and monitoring There is no -
tal and systems, such assub-plans by project phase difference.
Managemen monitoring plans and(pre-construction,
t Plan, environmental management construction, operation,
Environmen plans, must be prepared; the decommissioning, closure and
tal costs of implementing such post-closure) shall be prepared
Monitoring plans and systems, and the in the EIA Report.
Plan financial methods to fund suchThe project Proponent shall
costs, must be determined. submit monitoring reports to
the Ministry not less
frequently than every six
months as provided in a
schedule in the environmental
monitoring plan. (Chapter V
63, Chapter IX)
Source: JICA Study Team, JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (2010.4) and relevant Myanmar
legislation
Table A1.2 Gaps between the JICA Guidelines and Myanmar Legislations regarding Land
Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement
Gap between JICA
Requirements and Key Points
Requirements in Guideline and Measures to Filling
No. in the JICA Guidelines and
Myanmar Legislations Myanmar Gap
World Bank OP 4.12
Legislations
1 Involuntary resettlement and loss Not specified in There is no The project examines
of means of livelihood are to be Myanmar legislations regulation which the alternatives to
avoided when feasible by mentions or requests avoid or minimize
exploring all viable alternatives. to avoid or minimize resettlement impact.
(JICA Guidelines) involuntary
resettlement and loss
of livelihood means.
2 When population displacement is Compensation or There is no -
unavoidable, effective measures indemnity is provided for difference.
to minimize impact and to farmland acquisition for
compensate for losses should be the interest of the State or
taken. (JICA Guidelines) public. (Farmland Law
(2012) Art. 26, Farmland
Rules (2012) Art. 64)
3 People who must be resettled Damages to standing There is no Assistance for
involuntarily and people whose crops/trees, lands, stipulation of improving or
means of livelihood will be movable/immovable improving or at least restoring livelihood
hindered or lost must be properties, relocation restoring living at least to pre-project
sufficiently compensated and cost, economic activities standard, income level is provided.
supported, so that they can are requested to opportunities and
improve or at least restore their compensate. (Land production levels to
standard of living, income Acquisition Act (1894) pre-project levels in
opportunities and production Art. 23, Farmland Rules the Myanmar legal
levels to pre-project levels. (JICA (2012) Art. 67) framework.
Guidelines)
Appendix - 2
Gap between JICA
Requirements and Key Points
Requirements in Guideline and Measures to Filling
No. in the JICA Guidelines and
Myanmar Legislations Myanmar Gap
World Bank OP 4.12
Legislations
4 Compensation must be based on Land: Market-value Land: Partial gap The affected land is
the full replacement cost as much compensation (Land since the act lacks owned by MR, and
as possible. (JICA Guidelines) Acquisition Act (1894) standard no land acquisition
Art.9, 23 (1) and 23(2)) methodology in will be required.
Crops: Compensation at determining However, any
three times of the value compensation, properties and crops
calculated based on the though it requires to be affected by the
average production of considering the Project need to be
crops in the current market value. compensated at the
market price of that area Additionally, there full replacement cost
is provided. (Farmland would be a gap which generally
Rules (2012) Art. 67) between the market consists of the
value and full market value and
replacement cost. other transaction
Crops: There is no costs.
significant
difference.
5 Compensation and other kinds of When compensation is There is no clear The
assistance must be provided prior not paid on or before land indication about ARP(Abbreviated
to displacement. (JICA acquisition, timing of Resettlement Action
Guidelines) compensation amount compensation Plan) to be updated
awarded with interest rate payment in the in the Project will
must be paid. Myanmar legal specify that the
framework. compensation will be
provided prior to
displacement, but the
assistance may be
planned to be
provided by dividing
in a few times (not
providing all amount
in one time before
displacement) in
order to manage
provided assistance
amount properly.
6 For projects that entail large-scale Not specified in There is no An ARP is prepared
involuntary resettlement, Myanmar legislations regulation which in consultation with
resettlement action plans must be mentions or requests PAPs and will be
prepared and made available to to avoid or minimize disclosed to the
the public. (JICA Guidelines) involuntary public.
resettlement and loss
of livelihood means.
7 In preparing a resettlement action Not specified in There is no Consultations with
plan, consultations must be held Myanmar legislations regulation requesting PAPs have been
with the affected people and their to organize organized in timely
communities based on sufficient consultations with manner.
information made available to PAPs.
them in advance. (JICA
Guidelines)
8 When consultations are held, Not specified in There is no Consultations with
explanations must be given in a Myanmar legislations regulation requesting PAPs have been
form, manner, and language that to organize organized using
are understandable to the affected consultations with understandable
people. (JICA Guidelines) PAPs. explanation methods.
9 Appropriate participation of Not specified in There is no Participation of PAPs
affected people must be promoted Myanmar legislations regulation requesting is secured by
in planning, implementation, and participation of PAPs organizing
monitoring of resettlement action into planning, consultations in
plans. (JICA Guidelines) implementation and timely manner.
monitoring of
resettlement action
plans.
Appendix - 3
Gap between JICA
Requirements and Key Points
Requirements in Guideline and Measures to Filling
No. in the JICA Guidelines and
Myanmar Legislations Myanmar Gap
World Bank OP 4.12
Legislations
10 Appropriate and accessible 1) Notice of The procedure of The grievance
grievance mechanisms must be compensation amount to grievance in the redress mechanism is
established for the affected people PAPs directly: appeal to Myanmar context is established by
and their communities. (JICA the court within 6 weeks direct settlement at utilizing the existing
Guidelines) from the date of the court, which is administration
compensation award not necessarily easy system to be
2) Notice of or accessible to convenient for PAPs.
compensation amount to PAPs.
representatives of PAPs:
i) within 6 weeks of
receipt of compensation
notice, or ii) within
6 months from the date of
compensation award,
whichever period shall be
first expire (Land
Acquisition Act (1894)
Art. 18)
10 Affected people are to be A notification of land There is no specific The Project already
identified and recorded as early as acquisition or public description of conducted the
possible in order to establish their purposes is published in identifying affected preliminary survey to
eligibility through an initial the Gazette, which is also people as early as identify and record
baseline survey (including published at the possible in the the affected people
population census that serves as convenient place in the national law. and supplemental
an eligibility cut-off date, asset concerned municipality. survey will be
inventory, and socioeconomic (Land Acquisition Act conducted to the final
survey), preferably at the project (1894) Article 4) boundary for
identification stage, to prevent a identifying number
subsequent influx of encroachers of affected
of others who wish to take households as well as
advance of such benefits. (WB their socio-economic
OP4.12 Para.6) condition.
11 Eligibility of benefits includes, Occupiers/stakeholders Detail procedures as The Project will
the PAPs who have formal legal of lands to be acquired well as eligibility establish eligibility
rights to land (including are explained about criteria are not for assistance to all
customary and traditional land acquisition and claims to clearly defined. In households whose
rights recognized under law), the compensations. addition, there is no income sources or
PAPs who don't have formal legal (Land Acquisition Act specific indication assets are confirmed
rights to land at the time of (1894) Article 9) about displaced as affected due to
census but have a claim to such persons without project
land or assets and the PAPs who titles. implementation.
have no recognizable legal right
to the land they are
occupying.(WB OP4.12 Para.15)
12 Preference should be given to Not specified in There is no Appropriate
land-based resettlement strategies Myanmar legislations regulation stipulating measures will be
for displaced persons whose to give land-based provided to PAPs
livelihoods are land-based. (WB resettlement based on consultation
OP4.12 Para.11) strategies. with them.
13 Provide support for the transition Not specified in There is no Sufficient support for
period (between displacement and Myanmar legislations regulation stipulating the transition period
livelihood restoration). (WB to provide support will be provided.
OP4.12 Para.6) for the transition
period.
14 Particular attention must be paid Not specified in There is no Additional support
to the needs of the vulnerable Myanmar legislations regulation stipulating for the vulnerable
groups among those displaced, to provide particular groups will be
especially those below the attention to the provided.
poverty line, landless, elderly, vulnerable groups.
women and children, ethnic
minorities etc. (WB OP4.12
Para.8)
Appendix - 4
Gap between JICA
Requirements and Key Points
Requirements in Guideline and Measures to Filling
No. in the JICA Guidelines and
Myanmar Legislations Myanmar Gap
World Bank OP 4.12
Legislations
15 For projects that entail land Not specified in There is no The Project entails
acquisition or involuntary Myanmar legislations regulation stipulating involuntary
resettlement of fewer than to prepare resettlement of fewer
200 people, abbreviated resettlement plan. than 200 people and
resettlement plan is to be an ARP will be
prepared. (WB OP4.12 Para.25) prepared.
Source: JICA Study Team, JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (2010.4) and World Bank OP4.12
and relevant Myanmar legislation
Appendix - 5
APPENDIX 2 DETAILED DATA OF FIELD SURVEY RESULTS
Day1/
Time CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:00 - 12:00 12.44 14.22 0.02 57.14 32.58 46.80 9.12 33.58 11.3 112.5
12:00 - 13:00 0.07 15.72 0.01 54.85 33.05 42.63 25.95 34.93 11.3 112.5
13:00 - 14:00 0.70 3.05 0.09 45.43 34.13 39.03 24.65 36.52 10.5 135
14:00 - 15:00 0.58 8.33 0.22 66.00 51.07 34.50 15.53 38.13 9.7 135
15:00 - 16:00 0.30 16.32 0.18 71.75 58.03 32.63 7.07 38.62 10.5 123.75
16:00 - 17:00 0.00 35.07 0.09 106.23 77.73 32.38 1.43 38.07 8.05 146.25
17:00 - 18:00 276.28 33.40 0.05 132.48 85.17 45.28 1.97 34.27 4.8 168.75
18:00 - 19:00 832.53 2.00 0.00 109.22 85.82 65.73 10.93 29.13 3.2 157.5
19:00 - 20:00 1288.68 3.20 0.00 91.10 71.48 71.72 16.47 27.52 2.4 146.25
20:00 - 21:00 1179.70 15.38 0.00 86.37 66.00 70.88 16.62 27.47 0 146.25
21:00 - 22:00 1185.33 28.50 0.00 101.97 76.85 72.02 11.92 26.98 0 146.25
22:00 - 23:00 1508.38 54.92 0.00 130.22 104.15 71.35 36.90 26.18 6.4 67.5
23:00 - 24:00 1230.73 71.95 0.00 138.53 110.88 70.45 6.45 25.27 8.85 67.5
00:00 - 01:00 971.75 63.48 0.00 102.07 74.63 73.60 7.65 24.68 6.4 67.5
01:00 - 02:00 1049.10 70.22 0.00 102.67 78.13 77.37 23.95 23.98 6.4 33.75
02:00 - 03:00 863.15 80.88 0.05 106.97 77.38 80.97 3.80 23.70 5.6 315
03:00 - 04:00 895.32 95.45 0.08 156.22 120.75 84.25 6.30 23.00 4 303.75
04:00 - 05:00 847.18 101.55 0.09 167.15 131.48 86.00 3.17 23.00 3.2 326.25
05:00 - 06:00 979.62 110.13 0.10 169.63 132.22 86.53 6.20 23.00 2.4 225
06:00 - 07:00 1070.23 120.93 0.15 238.17 200.82 85.03 16.38 22.98 2.4 90
07:00 - 08:00 1322.68 106.38 0.12 219.08 177.63 84.92 24.73 23.30 1.6 78.75
08:00 - 09:00 1257.50 93.22 0.10 173.12 135.70 76.10 28.98 26.07 3.2 123.75
09:00 - 10:00 1337.02 67.25 0.14 127.72 73.88 61.58 27.87 31.63 2.4 135
10:00 - 11:00 1507.35 19.28 0.10 107.70 73.72 55.07 56.20 34.35 1.6 135
24 hrsAvg 817.36 51.28 0.07 119.24 90.14 64.45 16.26 29.01 5.26 145.78
Min 0.00 2.00 0.00 45.43 32.58 32.38 1.43 22.98 0.00 33.75
Max 1508.38 120.93 0.22 238.17 200.82 86.53 56.20 38.62 11.3 326.25
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 6
Day2/
Time CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:00 - 12:00 784.18 28.73 0.08 75.50 49.43 42.35 17.23 37.35 1.6 135
12:00 - 13:00 513.17 23.58 0.10 44.82 30.77 40.62 26.85 38.12 2.4 135
13:00 - 14:00 48.07 136.02 0.22 43.80 36.63 28.77 4.85 39.63 1.6 146.25
14:00 - 15:00 0.00 205.97 0.23 43.23 40.42 21.85 3.25 40.27 0 135
15:00 - 16:00 0.00 358.73 0.27 74.48 66.37 22.22 1.00 39.40 2.4 135
16:00 - 17:00 0.00 496.82 0.03 92.95 75.90 24.85 1.00 37.37 3.2 135
17:00 - 18:00 192.02 438.55 0.00 99.05 81.48 31.88 1.00 34.07 0.8 123.75
18:00 - 19:00 965.90 230.58 0.00 135.95 108.87 45.03 1.00 30.22 0 292.5
19:00 - 20:00 2232.37 131.02 0.00 145.28 113.58 54.67 7.28 26.70 0 292.5
20:00 - 21:00 1852.23 61.18 0.00 118.93 65.87 62.20 5.95 26.37 0.8 292.5
21:00 - 22:00 1308.78 47.42 0.00 115.20 74.02 66.97 1.00 25.65 2.4 22.5
22:00 - 23:00 1002.33 41.13 0.00 120.17 81.05 74.05 1.00 25.38 3.2 45
23:00 - 24:00 998.47 61.73 0.00 175.30 139.82 84.23 1.02 22.87 3.2 45
00:00 - 01:00 952.65 70.03 0.00 178.12 134.78 86.67 1.15 22.28 3.2 0
01:00 - 02:00 911.53 80.53 0.00 195.20 158.27 88.23 2.40 21.73 3.2 0
02:00 - 03:00 830.37 96.45 0.00 261.03 215.95 90.05 2.18 21.37 4 33.75
03:00 - 04:00 872.48 87.65 0.00 241.22 219.95 89.68 2.07 22.00 3.2 56.25
04:00 - 05:00 1021.22 86.30 0.00 247.53 224.18 88.72 6.23 21.93 1.6 90
05:00 - 06:00 916.48 100.03 0.00 270.88 234.36 91.12 1.24 21.64 1.6 101.25
06:00 - 07:00 1566.33 83.96 0.01 213.02 161.65 85.81 52.63 20.73 0.8 157.5
07:00 - 08:00 1075.80 77.32 0.03 133.02 142.65 74.72 6.62 23.68 0 168.75
08:00 - 09:00 749.27 69.28 0.20 108.52 86.42 67.58 8.73 27.42 0.8 202.5
09:00 - 10:00 813.80 39.00 0.11 127.40 73.70 53.30 1.90 32.50 3.2 225
10:00 - 11:00 855.70 35.70 0.10 85.07 72.65 52.58 13.35 31.77 2.4 225
Avg 852.63 128.66 0.06 139.40 112.03 61.17 7.12 28.77 1.90 133.13
Min 0.00 23.58 0.00 43.23 30.77 21.85 1.00 20.73 0.00 0.00
Max 2232.37 496.82 0.27 270.88 234.36 91.12 52.63 40.27 4 292.5
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 7
Day 3/
Time CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
26.03.2016
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:01-12:00 696.75 38.37 0.11 70.97 45.92 44.27 11.05 35.33 0 157.5
12:01-13:00 292.95 60.67 0.09 67.13 23.68 38.87 4.55 37.35 0 157.5
13:01-14:00 145.87 88.95 0.10 62.55 13.48 36.72 4.87 39.67 0 157.5
14:01-15:00 6.93 170.75 1.00 80.12 12.37 34.73 1.00 39.02 0 157.5
15:01-16:00 2.40 193.48 1.10 75.35 23.48 36.77 1.00 38.57 0 157.5
16:01-17:00 129.97 208.78 1.90 98.23 74.97 40.32 1.00 35.75 0 157.5
17:01-18:00 394.23 168.28 0.40 104.07 96.32 45.90 1.00 32.70 0 90
18:01-19:00 709.17 111.28 0.00 124.00 111.83 48.70 1.00 29.17 0 247.5
19:01-20:00 1129.30 75.55 0.00 118.28 89.63 55.22 1.93 27.33 0 22.5
20:01-21:00 811.62 44.03 0.00 80.53 46.72 66.88 1.00 26.03 0.8 67.5
21:01-22:00 773.77 44.43 0.00 87.32 49.82 72.10 1.62 25.12 3.2 112.5
22:01-23:00 919.08 51.88 0.00 118.12 78.92 75.02 1.27 24.55 3.2 135
23:01-00:00 792.98 60.70 0.00 119.62 70.92 77.30 1.00 23.68 4.8 123.75
00:01-01:00 662.08 64.43 0.00 129.52 109.90 77.13 1.00 23.00 3.2 112.5
01:01-02:00 695.87 60.37 0.00 119.02 78.03 80.65 3.17 22.32 3.2 180
02:01-03:00 772.00 76.02 0.00 150.60 112.08 82.98 2.78 21.98 3.2 191.25
03:01-04:00 798.20 87.78 0.00 160.97 134.43 84.75 1.07 21.47 4.8 168.75
04:01-05:00 752.75 84.52 0.00 192.52 161.83 87.03 2.35 20.67 4 157.5
05:01-06:00 1177.12 92.27 0.00 222.40 191.87 87.70 27.85 20.07 2.4 191.25
06:01-07:00 937.53 101.97 0.10 225.11 169.72 86.17 10.08 20.39 3.2 202.5
07:00-08:00 984.73 77.88 0.21 200.00 143.62 79.58 32.42 23.68 2.4 146.25
08:01-09:00 749.27 69.28 0.17 108.52 86.42 67.58 8.73 27.42 2.4 135
09:01-10:00 607.08 35.32 0.10 77.85 53.35 60.03 5.67 29.18 3.2 157.5
10:01-11:00 586.65 16.25 0.50 56.97 35.45 48.63 3.53 32.50 3.2 180
Avg 647.01 86.80 0.24 118.74 83.95 63.13 5.46 28.21 1.97 148.59
Min 2.40 16.25 0.00 56.97 12.37 34.73 1.00 20.07 0.00 22.50
Max 1177.12 208.78 1.90 225.11 191.87 87.70 32.42 39.67 4.8 247.5
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 8
Day 4/ CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 TC WS W Dir
Time (ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:01-12:00 303.63 32.10 0.30 56.97 18.57 38.45 11.73 36.82 3.2 168.75
12:01-13:00 138.20 59.13 0.10 47.85 26.73 36.85 1.95 37.28 2.4 180
13:01-14:00 175.60 84.95 0.13 50.87 17.35 36.92 1.75 38.50 0 180
14:01-15:00 78.73 125.55 0.02 51.03 19.17 39.42 1.00 37.70 0 180
15:01-16:00 125.07 137.23 0.07 60.52 33.03 38.95 1.00 37.77 0 180
16:01-17:00 158.60 164.30 0.00 77.22 62.68 41.50 1.00 35.98 0 180
17:01-18:00 456.37 153.67 0.00 88.00 71.52 46.55 1.00 33.12 0 180
18:01-19:00 1156.93 119.72 0.00 117.72 95.57 54.87 1.00 29.28 0 180
19:01-20:00 1195.28 63.62 0.00 98.67 70.25 58.65 2.53 28.55 0 157.5
20:01-21:00 793.90 39.93 0.00 71.48 40.28 62.35 1.27 27.77 1.6 90
21:01-22:00 788.27 46.82 0.00 54.97 24.82 66.57 1.20 27.00 4.8 90
22:01-23:00 848.75 44.47 0.00 85.08 61.10 70.55 3.87 26.18 5.6 56.25
23:01-00:00 690.82 45.35 0.00 94.43 76.08 72.53 1.03 25.27 2.4 326.25
00:01-01:00 732.98 56.97 0.00 99.57 81.45 77.32 1.00 23.50 2.4 191.25
01:01-02:00 760.82 58.43 0.00 110.43 88.80 78.55 1.00 22.77 6.4 303.75
02:01-03:00 852.32 63.15 0.00 108.13 83.97 80.38 5.55 22.12 7.2 303.75
03:01-04:00 806.77 69.00 0.00 116.63 98.52 81.93 6.00 21.65 7.2 292.5
04:01-05:00 1038.65 72.65 0.00 148.52 115.30 85.10 13.65 20.95 6.4 292.5
05:01-06:00 1621.20 77.33 0.00 173.42 141.27 87.95 43.93 20.03 4.8 270
06:01-07:00 1924.80 87.30 0.01 201.18 154.52 86.30 76.82 20.73 1.6 281.25
07:00-08:00 1665.13 74.50 0.08 179.43 141.15 71.53 33.77 25.15 0 258.75
08:01-09:00 593.53 31.57 0.11 64.85 43.07 58.00 1.48 28.37 2.4 157.5
09:01-10:00 390.92 32.48 0.23 48.87 20.65 52.47 4.60 30.65 4 22.5
10:01-11:00 348.93 24.63 0.50 17.88 5.90 45.43 8.75 33.85 3.2 33.75
Avg 735.26 73.54 0.06 92.65 66.32 61.21 9.45 28.79 2.73 189.84
Min 78.73 24.63 0.00 17.88 5.90 36.85 1.00 20.03 0.00 22.50
Max 1924.80 164.30 0.50 201.18 154.52 87.95 76.82 38.50 7.2 326.25
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 9
Day 5/
CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
28.03.2016
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:01-12:00 146.10 39.22 0.50 25.72 4.50 41.23 3.23 36.53 2.4 45
12:01-13:00 18.15 69.23 0.90 32.75 5.23 38.03 1.92 37.63 0.8 45
13:01-14:00 0.00 118.17 1.00 31.15 5.82 35.78 1.00 38.58 0 0
14:01-15:00 7.40 171.70 1.20 43.45 8.35 34.18 1.00 38.88 0 0
15:01-16:00 0.05 188.38 1.11 47.42 10.43 33.98 1.00 39.82 0 0
16:01-17:00 10.13 220.68 1.00 79.75 67.58 37.45 1.00 37.23 0 0
17:01-18:00 272.68 188.13 1.00 84.40 72.70 46.25 1.00 33.40 0 0
18:01-19:00 769.32 107.20 0.70 99.95 78.03 56.28 1.00 29.40 0 0
19:01-20:00 911.87 65.28 0.10 91.75 68.87 61.07 1.00 27.42 0 180
20:01-21:00 1294.97 60.38 0.00 91.73 50.08 64.07 3.52 27.05 0.8 315
21:01-22:00 1294.28 53.80 0.00 103.77 66.43 68.07 14.83 26.55 3.2 303.75
22:01-23:00 781.70 48.62 0.00 103.08 94.62 65.50 1.32 25.48 4.8 281.25
23:01-00:00 726.18 55.13 0.00 104.60 88.58 66.70 1.72 24.33 4.8 315
00:01-01:00 828.25 62.72 0.00 146.28 109.10 81.77 1.15 22.70 5.6 292.5
01:01-02:00 911.533333 80.5333 0.00 195.20 158.27 88.23 2.40 21.73 5.6 281.25
02:01-03:00 851.18 89.88 0.00 159.75 121.52 84.20 4.20 22.75 5.6 258.75
03:01-04:00 892.32 94.57 0.00 156.22 120.75 84.87 6.30 23.00 6.4 281.25
04:01-05:00 365.13 99.92 0.00 147.21 32.54 80.54 1.33 21.58 6.4 292.5
05:01-06:00 818.12 78.90 0.00 237.23 179.03 82.17 13.10 21.08 5.6 281.25
06:01-07:00 1031.17 82.85 0.10 216.87 177.82 83.92 10.32 21.02 5.6 270
07:00-08:00 1075.80 77.32 0.10 133.02 142.65 74.72 6.62 23.68 4 258.75
08:01-09:00 732.70 33.65 0.09 62.97 61.83 59.37 3.25 27.02 3.2 258.75
09:01-10:00 472.97 35.68 0.12 49.47 29.57 48.80 5.65 30.62 4 292.5
10:01-11:00 365.10 9.83 0.16 35.17 9.10 47.70 9.92 31.83 2.4 292.5
Avg 607.38 88.82 0.34 103.29 73.48 61.04 4.07 28.72 2.97 189.38
Min 0.00 9.83 0.00 25.72 4.50 33.98 1.00 21.02 0.00 0.00
Max 1294.97 220.68 1.20 237.23 179.03 88.23 14.83 39.82 6.4 315
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 10
Day6/
Time CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:01-12:00 224.68 42.08 1.00 24.62 10.32 41.95 5.42 34.83 1.6 292.5
12:01-13:00 48.68 74.38 0.70 38.77 10.38 35.43 1.92 36.37 1.6 281.25
13:01-14:00 53.13 110.28 1.00 34.48 8.38 35.75 5.72 37.32 1.6 303.75
14:01-15:00 139.65 124.65 1.20 78.42 61.35 39.17 1.00 35.57 3.2 270
15:01-16:00 107.65 132.58 1.00 51.73 34.97 37.70 1.00 36.45 1.6 292.5
16:01-17:00 362.40 157.12 1.00 108.48 99.25 39.60 1.00 34.20 0.8 337.5
17:01-18:00 538.45 153.68 1.20 100.88 98.80 44.45 1.00 31.22 0 292.5
18:01-19:00 910.67 99.55 0.00 99.65 77.32 47.58 1.00 28.57 0.8 292.5
19:01-20:00 1650.40 63.03 0.00 92.02 64.67 52.82 46.83 27.15 0 157.5
20:01-21:00 1261.27 54.65 0.00 86.35 53.68 55.52 1.38 26.82 2.4 247.5
21:01-22:00 920.42 36.83 0.00 53.65 13.02 63.42 1.20 26.60 2.4 270
22:01-23:00 1193.08 47.27 0.00 98.23 42.62 69.63 20.05 25.60 4 270
23:01-00:00 1088.03 54.23 0.00 117.77 85.77 72.25 3.22 24.97 4.8 270
00:01-01:00 861.72 56.30 0.00 115.67 107.70 75.12 3.25 23.53 6.4 225
01:01-02:00 774.30 62.60 0.00 94.28 76.32 76.12 2.35 22.70 6.4 270
02:01-03:00 669.80 61.20 0.00 76.00 46.62 77.65 1.22 22.38 6.4 247.5
03:01-04:00 562.98 68.92 0.00 85.42 56.93 81.43 3.03 21.42 6.4 225
04:01-05:00 904.82 76.03 0.00 132.80 88.03 83.60 15.73 21.00 6.4 225
05:01-06:00 1789.08 77.30 0.00 185.22 138.08 83.77 60.72 21.00 6.4 157.5
06:01-07:00 1536.92 86.32 0.01 227.07 184.92 84.20 50.32 21.08 3.2 180
07:00-08:00 1069.88 72.97 0.11 129.53 152.50 70.77 7.50 24.38 1.6 180
08:01-09:00 641.15 37.77 0.12 58.85 45.50 56.20 10.48 27.67 0 225
09:01-10:00 459.83 26.67 0.50 54.57 43.68 47.93 3.28 30.62 1.6 247.5
10:01-11:00 277.10 26.35 0.70 15.33 7.80 37.13 6.52 34.68 4 270
Avg 751.92 75.12 0.36 89.99 67.03 58.72 10.63 28.17 3.07 251.25
Min 48.68 26.35 0.00 15.33 7.80 35.43 1.00 21.00 0.00 157.50
Max 1789.08 157.12 1.20 227.07 184.92 84.20 60.72 37.32 6.4 337.5
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 11
Day 7/
CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
Time TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:01-12:00 18.27 65.00 1.00 27.70 8.65 28.20 1.00 39.93 2.4 247.5
12:01-13:00 0.35 106.68 1.00 37.23 5.97 29.67 8.10 39.28 2.4 292.5
13:01-14:00 0.00 154.02 1.00 28.68 6.17 27.53 5.98 40.45 0 292.5
14:01-15:00 0.00 202.65 1.50 37.25 5.90 25.20 6.07 40.27 0 292.5
15:01-16:00 1.13 270.47 1.30 65.45 8.08 27.90 1.55 40.15 0 292.5
16:01-17:00 11.57 320.07 1.00 87.90 39.08 29.87 1.00 38.38 0 292.5
17:01-18:00 339.93 290.98 1.11 111.90 90.57 36.70 1.00 33.42 0 292.5
18:01-19:00 2099.30 170.70 1.20 143.52 108.02 48.23 6.35 28.32 0 157.5
19:01-20:00 1900.88 88.33 0.10 139.33 98.75 52.40 2.13 26.52 0 270
20:01-21:00 1602.62 56.15 0.01 92.28 54.78 53.48 1.00 26.43 3.2 270
21:01-22:00 1141.59 38.92 0.00 87.78 81.76 54.97 12.68 25.64 3.2 292.5
22:01-23:00 675.12 45.12 0.00 69.62 58.48 60.13 1.32 23.52 3.2 270
23:01-00:00 566.20 37.53 0.00 58.62 38.33 60.38 1.05 24.00 4.8 45
00:01-01:00 587.38 37.88 0.00 50.10 19.95 66.78 1.25 22.90 5.6 225
01:01-02:00 729.90 43.82 0.00 69.15 25.70 71.03 1.72 22.98 5.6 270
02:01-03:00 799.68 62.43 0.00 84.97 41.92 75.82 4.48 22.43 6.4 270
03:01-04:00 936.58 62.83 0.00 109.73 59.83 78.67 15.57 22.03 4.8 270
04:01-05:00 1617.03 72.88 0.00 116.60 65.45 80.33 54.28 22.00 4 270
05:01-06:00 1517.45 82.92 0.00 166.03 130.82 80.18 32.20 22.27 2.4 292.5
06:01-07:00 921.12 79.25 0.10 93.43 90.13 74.12 10.97 24.08 0 292.5
07:00-08:00 763.58 49.02 0.06 43.60 39.67 60.37 12.70 28.40 0 315
08:01-09:00 339.70 20.22 0.11 17.27 17.03 45.25 8.18 32.57 0 0
09:01-10:00 140.00 49.47 0.17 14.88 6.10 36.15 6.73 35.45 2.4 337.5
10:01-11:00 82.53 72.90 0.10 19.52 4.40 33.22 1.80 37.87 1.6 337.5
Avg 699.66 103.34 0.41 73.86 46.06 51.52 8.30 29.97 2.17 257.81
Min 0.00 20.22 0.00 14.88 4.40 25.20 1.00 22.00 0.00 0.00
Max 2099.30 320.07 1.50 166.03 130.82 80.33 54.28 40.45 6.4 337.5
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 12
2) A.2 Kyimyindine Station(1/04/2016 11:00AM to 08/04/2016 11:00 AM)
Day 1/
Time CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:00 - 12:00 1470.35 45.97 0.04 43.87 39.12 42.07 423.27 31.95 2.19 277.25
12:00 - 13:00 1927.23 57.83 0.00 25.48 25.10 32.97 775.00 33.87 2.46 223.65
13:00 - 14:00 2140.57 30.18 0.43 27.73 24.73 24.72 141.17 37.30 3.01 190.78
14:00 - 15:00 2017.18 67.42 0.89 19.95 15.28 25.48 410.97 37.42 3.91 302.02
15:00 - 16:00 1265.12 68.07 0.58 23.70 16.48 31.52 394.72 37.53 3.05 243.17
16:00 - 17:00 50.00 129.72 0.86 63.23 40.38 35.52 1.00 36.77 3.21 212.63
17:00 - 18:00 50.00 133.60 0.10 81.72 57.47 40.05 1.00 34.47 2.98 198.28
18:00 - 19:00 50.00 105.03 0.00 70.32 46.73 41.50 1.00 31.47 3.98 180.15
19:00 - 20:00 50.00 74.88 0.00 70.37 47.33 47.98 1.00 29.62 4.14 169.85
20:00 - 21:00 50.00 54.80 0.00 68.33 51.42 63.60 1.00 28.13 3.83 174.43
21:00 - 22:00 50.00 21.53 0.00 59.40 39.72 68.52 1.00 27.17 3.09 171.07
22:00 - 23:00 140.10 18.35 0.00 66.10 43.80 66.62 1.00 26.97 2.04 173.22
23:00 - 24:00 186.75 15.58 0.00 70.25 50.23 72.33 1.00 26.00 2.07 183.85
00:00 - 01:00 176.42 14.75 0.00 70.47 54.12 77.73 1.00 25.33 2.00 181.55
01:00 - 02:00 162.32 6.08 0.00 64.30 47.18 80.55 1.00 25.30 1.24 196.53
02:00 - 03:00 154.48 6.92 0.00 67.85 54.48 82.42 1.00 25.00 0.70 281.95
03:00 - 04:00 181.45 15.73 0.00 75.02 57.52 83.12 1.00 25.00 0.99 282.30
04:00 - 05:00 114.68 13.82 0.00 74.80 57.18 84.68 1.00 24.78 0.39 194.53
05:00 - 06:00 108.98 8.00 0.00 74.92 56.20 85.15 1.00 24.93 0.43 179.75
06:00 - 07:00 119.27 3.38 0.01 79.25 59.03 84.65 1.33 24.90 0.71 168.95
07:00 - 08:00 206.18 3.92 0.03 67.82 54.45 82.80 15.25 25.30 0.20 181.25
08:00 - 09:00 207.05 3.20 0.24 149.52 121.70 71.15 75.43 27.22 0.27 200.17
09:00 - 10:00 302.62 2.70 0.68 44.05 41.55 52.33 206.82 30.97 0.20 184.68
10:00 - 11:00 381.63 2.68 0.94 10.35 9.22 39.30 487.45 33.77 0.67 202.67
Avg 481.77 37.67 0.20 61.20 46.27 59.03 122.73 29.63 1.99 206.45
Min 50.00 2.68 0.00 10.35 9.22 24.72 1.00 24.78 0.20 168.95
Max 2140.57 133.60 0.94 149.52 121.70 85.15 775.00 37.53 4.14 302.02
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 13
Day 2/
CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
Time TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:00 - 12:00 139.88 4.22 1.16 17.57 15.58 36.75 787.43 35.08 1.31 228.95
12:00 - 13:00 734.55 19.62 0.40 31.35 20.90 33.08 461.03 36.85 2.25 232.40
13:00 - 14:00 1887.90 51.85 0.00 29.20 16.18 31.23 280.10 37.72 3.22 219.82
14:00 - 15:00 2800.62 86.63 0.01 30.63 21.67 32.65 8.53 37.72 3.62 190.85
15:00 - 16:00 4452.08 104.15 0.03 23.55 16.12 30.03 141.18 38.88 3.57 198.05
16:00 - 17:00 4095.80 150.77 0.05 52.57 34.20 34.65 63.50 36.93 3.29 220.43
17:00 - 18:00 1605.00 135.23 0.00 67.93 48.68 42.10 1.00 34.58 3.22 200.15
18:00 - 19:00 2108.32 72.82 0.00 70.77 52.30 56.67 1.00 31.15 3.12 195.78
19:00 - 20:00 1757.38 47.75 0.00 57.50 42.80 63.80 1.00 29.18 3.92 174.68
20:00 - 21:00 1307.72 21.83 0.00 63.43 38.77 69.88 1.00 28.02 4.29 163.92
21:00 - 22:00 1170.93 21.33 0.00 48.52 31.23 74.30 1.00 27.10 2.85 164.00
22:00 - 23:00 1075.20 6.92 0.00 50.73 34.92 77.17 1.00 26.70 3.81 164.78
23:00 - 24:00 911.58 2.03 0.00 53.95 38.90 79.80 1.00 26.00 3.00 169.52
00:00 - 01:00 834.00 4.88 0.00 59.28 43.27 81.32 1.00 25.50 2.31 178.12
01:00 - 02:00 796.73 2.87 0.00 61.27 47.30 83.12 1.00 25.00 0.48 181.40
02:00 - 03:00 719.97 2.90 0.00 60.83 50.73 85.22 1.00 25.00 0.28 194.83
03:00 - 04:00 735.73 5.23 0.00 64.27 50.58 87.00 1.03 24.88 0.16 189.02
04:00 - 05:00 720.87 7.30 0.00 74.92 56.82 88.07 1.00 24.47 0.16 192.90
05:00 - 06:00 772.58 5.63 0.00 81.68 61.17 89.25 1.43 24.22 0.14 181.85
06:00 - 07:00 871.58 4.07 0.02 88.92 65.30 88.67 1.07 24.75 0.17 189.50
07:00 - 08:00 944.28 5.62 0.02 77.57 61.27 86.00 2.98 25.23 0.21 196.68
08:00 - 09:00 1038.83 6.72 0.65 62.05 51.13 75.18 56.82 27.42 0.57 183.45
09:00 - 10:00 1915.25 3.92 1.66 34.55 36.05 50.03 265.77 31.93 0.83 200.05
10:00 - 11:00 2886.78 3.32 2.76 15.52 14.63 37.08 572.10 34.93 0.80 212.82
Avg 1511.82 32.40 0.28 53.27 39.60 63.04 110.58 29.97 1.98 192.66
Min 139.88 2.03 0.00 15.52 14.63 30.03 1.00 24.22 0.14 163.92
Max 4452.08 150.77 2.76 88.92 65.30 89.25 787.43 38.88 4.29 232.40
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 14
Day 3/
CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Time
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:00 - 12:00 5359.78 7.35 2.74 12.70 12.47 31.73 575.93 36.30 1.33 171.57
12:00 - 13:00 6053.48 33.45 3.32 29.03 24.50 32.47 622.03 36.87 0.51 206.78
13:00 - 14:00 6668.65 69.02 3.28 29.62 25.42 30.83 40.10 39.12 0.67 190.70
14:00 - 15:00 13097.60 90.98 3.14 22.58 20.68 30.90 182.43 39.97 0.62 199.25
15:00 - 16:00 5922.45 145.82 2.97 39.22 29.83 31.08 106.33 39.73 0.79 182.73
16:00 - 17:00 5723.55 185.07 0.00 74.85 38.42 31.78 1.00 39.53 1.16 169.97
17:00 - 18:00 3995.08 211.43 0.00 116.22 72.73 37.00 1.00 36.47 0.87 200.10
18:00 - 19:00 2465.77 134.80 0.00 79.63 56.75 46.12 1.00 33.12 0.74 168.00
19:00 - 20:00 1704.88 59.73 0.00 65.62 54.55 58.92 1.00 30.65 1.00 173.67
20:00 - 21:00 1400.40 24.17 0.00 51.78 39.90 69.53 1.00 28.67 1.52 178.55
21:00 - 22:00 1388.02 17.05 0.00 63.88 43.88 75.10 1.00 27.97 1.43 201.07
22:00 - 23:00 1155.80 4.10 0.00 66.83 51.83 76.93 1.00 27.07 1.71 185.63
23:00 - 24:00 941.47 11.50 0.00 78.30 56.82 77.05 1.00 26.08 3.17 199.32
00:00 - 01:00 780.42 6.53 0.00 68.32 49.88 81.73 1.00 25.18 2.02 227.97
01:00 - 02:00 692.72 2.23 0.00 58.58 48.95 88.45 1.00 24.90 3.41 226.80
02:00 - 03:00 656.95 2.12 0.00 60.08 45.40 91.22 1.00 24.85 3.27 199.22
03:00 - 04:00 677.73 2.72 0.00 61.00 53.07 92.65 1.88 24.27 3.83 197.75
04:00 - 05:00 688.15 2.18 0.00 59.50 55.20 93.07 1.48 24.27 3.40 228.37
05:00 - 06:00 768.37 3.53 0.00 72.33 65.57 93.00 3.92 24.15 2.81 197.62
06:00 - 07:00 822.17 2.68 0.01 74.65 60.70 92.02 8.13 24.58 2.52 181.37
07:00 - 08:00 887.50 2.12 0.28 76.67 55.58 88.38 16.03 25.15 1.37 169.72
08:00 - 09:00 985.30 2.10 0.65 61.82 45.20 80.30 31.23 27.18 3.31 163.43
09:00 - 10:00 2024.43 2.47 1.43 32.32 28.20 61.57 215.83 30.73 1.75 178.43
10:00 - 11:00 2646.05 2.20 2.23 19.83 16.92 38.57 420.32 34.00 1.43 173.95
Avg 2812.78 42.72 0.84 57.31 43.85 63.77 93.19 30.45 1.86 190.50
Min 656.95 2.10 0.00 12.70 12.47 30.83 1.00 24.15 0.51 163.43
Max 13097.60 211.43 3.32 116.22 72.73 93.07 622.03 39.97 3.83 228.37
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 15
Day 4/
CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Time
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:00 - 12:00 4008.42 5.78 2.71 19.32 13.73 34.37 346.53 36.32 3.17 199.88
12:00 - 13:00 5509.10 12.18 0.08 30.62 23.02 33.38 529.13 37.27 5.03 178.77
13:00 - 14:00 5320.40 38.97 0.02 25.53 22.02 32.35 191.12 38.32 3.99 197.52
14:00 - 15:00 61783.12 62.15 0.03 20.95 16.12 30.63 216.20 39.43 4.59 198.03
15:00 - 16:00 56492.20 95.20 0.00 57.25 27.28 29.97 294.15 39.27 4.82 195.72
16:00 - 17:00 5129.57 148.60 0.00 67.05 42.57 31.48 1.00 38.75 3.91 179.45
17:00 - 18:00 2481.33 119.44 0.00 71.44 55.89 34.67 1.00 36.78 1.93 170.67
18:00 - 19:00 2250.46 59.52 0.00 76.38 59.88 53.26 1.00 32.70 3.73 165.91
19:00 - 20:00 1418.95 16.18 0.00 70.25 56.02 65.72 1.00 29.88 3.21 173.28
20:00 - 21:00 1537.10 8.23 0.00 82.45 64.68 70.48 1.00 28.95 0.97 187.62
21:00 - 22:00 1338.07 3.53 0.00 90.68 64.58 68.60 1.00 28.30 1.84 174.48
22:00 - 23:00 1023.43 5.83 0.00 84.37 55.23 67.58 1.00 27.28 1.12 196.75
23:00 - 24:00 825.02 2.07 0.00 57.37 43.47 75.05 1.00 26.27 0.98 195.52
00:00 - 01:00 758.88 2.00 0.00 61.55 48.05 81.27 1.00 25.48 1.06 188.27
01:00 - 02:00 753.38 2.00 0.00 64.97 44.58 85.28 1.07 25.00 0.66 175.23
02:00 - 03:00 746.98 2.00 0.00 59.60 53.10 89.05 1.00 24.93 0.62 187.70
03:00 - 04:00 702.57 2.00 0.00 61.78 48.17 90.77 1.00 24.53 0.30 195.73
04:00 - 05:00 709.47 2.00 0.00 63.35 53.00 91.97 2.40 24.62 0.32 199.98
05:00 - 06:00 748.42 2.00 0.02 70.95 54.65 92.28 8.83 24.05 0.54 224.88
06:00 - 07:00 825.25 2.23 0.06 78.33 56.90 91.87 10.05 24.55 0.65 201.70
07:00 - 08:00 1012.63 2.02 0.39 95.18 70.53 86.58 29.78 25.58 2.10 168.22
08:00 - 09:00 941.13 2.00 0.82 69.03 52.80 77.80 30.35 27.60 2.12 181.60
09:00 - 10:00 1911.88 2.00 1.51 17.18 20.23 61.77 172.82 30.63 2.92 224.20
10:00 - 11:00 2649.58 2.00 2.63 9.32 10.72 53.23 300.77 32.85 2.48 231.48
Avg 6703.22 25.00 0.34 58.54 44.05 63.73 89.34 30.39 2.21 191.36
Min 702.57 2.00 0.00 9.32 10.72 29.97 1.00 24.05 0.30 165.91
Max 61783.12 148.60 2.71 95.18 70.53 92.28 529.13 39.43 5.03 231.48
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 16
Day 5/
Time CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:00 - 12:00 3946.70 2.00 2.58 37.02 23.12 46.62 470.97 35.00 3.09 205.78
12:00 - 13:00 4770.90 2.74 3.24 51.85 30.18 40.85 423.11 36.38 3.94 188.93
13:00 - 14:00 5641.46 14.31 1.38 36.51 27.42 36.29 210.15 38.37 3.53 202.20
14:00 - 15:00 5782.07 62.97 0.21 23.47 14.47 32.17 302.60 39.67 3.38 211.38
15:00 - 16:00 5539.22 111.58 0.11 49.72 24.17 33.90 321.07 40.13 4.12 202.77
16:00 - 17:00 4261.50 141.32 0.00 68.35 37.87 36.20 85.60 39.40 3.93 190.67
17:00 - 18:00 3350.77 107.67 0.00 105.95 73.40 51.10 1.00 34.88 5.65 164.72
18:00 - 19:00 2000.48 45.45 0.00 70.35 51.88 60.43 1.00 30.82 4.13 161.22
19:00 - 20:00 1610.15 7.22 0.00 48.93 42.70 66.10 1.00 29.98 4.91 170.00
20:00 - 21:00 1849.53 2.28 0.00 64.05 50.40 66.37 1.00 29.23 3.81 170.27
21:00 - 22:00 1370.32 2.00 0.00 53.65 38.63 72.03 1.00 28.25 1.86 189.92
22:00 - 23:00 1001.15 2.00 0.00 49.18 32.22 75.85 1.35 27.32 1.65 184.83
23:00 - 24:00 888.82 2.00 0.00 41.93 34.98 80.13 1.12 26.57 1.27 208.03
00:00 - 01:00 727.23 2.00 0.00 32.18 28.27 83.93 1.00 26.00 1.09 240.23
01:00 - 02:00 750.15 2.00 0.00 41.97 34.20 86.25 2.15 25.98 1.02 191.93
02:00 - 03:00 740.33 2.00 0.00 49.77 40.22 86.58 1.35 25.55 1.43 171.35
03:00 - 04:00 721.82 2.00 0.00 56.67 46.28 87.60 1.42 25.45 1.16 173.22
04:00 - 05:00 765.87 2.00 0.00 65.38 52.93 88.02 1.32 25.07 0.71 171.18
05:00 - 06:00 950.23 2.00 0.02 92.52 72.13 89.00 18.33 25.00 0.65 166.78
06:00 - 07:00 1027.32 2.00 0.21 122.43 101.35 89.43 27.32 25.02 1.20 167.15
07:00 - 08:00 1117.98 2.13 0.52 105.85 88.70 86.13 24.38 25.92 2.17 167.78
08:00 - 09:00 1150.26 2.00 1.36 68.90 58.23 78.66 60.10 28.03 1.82 203.05
09:00 - 10:00 1651.81 2.00 2.15 23.00 16.46 66.27 158.24 30.78 2.73 216.49
10:00 - 11:00 2710.87 3.78 1.45 22.23 20.55 56.48 276.68 32.52 3.17 256.90
Avg 2263.62 21.98 0.55 57.58 43.36 66.52 99.72 30.47 2.60 190.70
Min 721.82 2.00 0.00 22.23 14.47 32.17 1.00 25.00 0.65 161.22
Max 5782.07 141.32 3.24 122.43 101.35 89.43 470.97 40.13 5.65 256.90
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 17
Day 6/
Time CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
TC
(ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:00 - 12:00 3139.23 2.20 2.59 36.00 33.18 53.13 491.13 33.20 3.73 296.43
12:00 - 13:00 4202.30 2.35 3.06 52.60 42.80 47.87 252.48 33.93 4.43 310.97
13:00 - 14:00 4206.10 8.87 3.19 30.82 19.28 46.58 107.27 35.43 3.71 299.97
14:00 - 15:00 4358.40 49.27 2.26 30.88 20.58 41.53 148.97 38.00 2.74 238.18
15:00 - 16:00 4471.00 81.62 0.01 61.42 35.25 36.50 458.10 39.02 3.23 198.25
16:00 - 17:00 3818.50 120.17 0.00 96.35 56.92 38.52 44.37 38.20 2.77 204.85
17:00 - 18:00 3184.27 142.50 0.00 96.22 69.78 43.30 1.00 35.82 2.15 175.30
18:00 - 19:00 2328.50 84.85 0.00 92.10 74.13 52.05 1.00 33.10 1.96 175.92
19:00 - 20:00 1753.38 18.63 0.00 60.37 44.18 68.40 1.00 30.55 3.33 169.67
20:00 - 21:00 1244.62 2.17 0.00 63.35 54.52 74.07 1.00 29.35 2.45 173.88
21:00 - 22:00 1470.15 2.27 0.00 106.67 91.92 72.47 1.00 28.28 0.83 190.88
22:00 - 23:00 1184.33 2.00 0.00 91.78 71.23 74.88 1.12 27.43 0.89 194.30
23:00 - 24:00 939.70 2.00 0.00 79.20 57.25 80.88 1.18 26.47 1.14 203.15
00:00 - 01:00 851.90 2.00 0.00 49.03 46.08 85.50 1.00 26.00 1.70 188.88
01:00 - 02:00 804.37 2.00 0.00 51.35 42.98 87.00 1.00 26.00 1.12 212.92
02:00 - 03:00 783.18 2.00 0.00 50.72 41.43 87.22 1.55 26.00 0.75 179.08
03:00 - 04:00 755.37 2.00 0.00 51.93 43.95 88.23 1.42 25.97 0.62 168.48
04:00 - 05:00 713.15 2.00 0.00 64.95 52.10 89.22 1.80 25.07 1.35 174.80
05:00 - 06:00 803.97 2.00 0.00 83.80 62.67 90.33 16.52 25.03 1.13 167.73
06:00 - 07:00 1116.08 2.00 0.01 109.55 85.28 88.95 35.50 25.45 0.60 175.62
07:00 - 08:00 1062.03 2.00 0.17 94.58 73.65 86.28 34.42 26.22 2.31 171.55
08:00 - 09:00 1089.57 2.00 0.58 49.13 37.40 78.13 45.55 28.00 2.15 204.62
09:00 - 10:00 1641.83 2.77 1.29 23.72 23.28 67.25 125.68 30.30 3.68 246.58
10:00 - 11:00 2395.07 2.00 2.19 30.07 24.17 58.62 242.48 32.15 3.65 280.98
Avg 2013.21 22.57 0.64 64.86 50.17 68.20 84.02 30.21 2.18 208.46
Min 713.15 2.00 0.00 23.72 19.28 36.50 1.00 25.03 0.60 167.73
Max 4471.00 142.50 3.19 109.55 91.92 90.33 491.13 39.02 4.43 310.97
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 18
Day 7/ CO NO2 NO PM10 PM2.5 Humidity SO2 WS W Dir
TC
Time (ppb) (ppb) (ppm) (G/m3) (G/m3) % (ppb) pM(kph) (Deg)
Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg
11:00 - 12:00 3576.68 2.30 2.35 33.65 33.20 54.20 431.85 33.43 3.45 274.90
12:00 - 13:00 4148.10 2.02 3.08 31.62 27.70 47.40 392.50 35.33 3.65 252.78
13:00 - 14:00 4179.43 28.43 3.38 45.80 27.40 42.87 244.23 37.82 3.53 242.73
14:00 - 15:00 5866.67 63.78 0.88 51.08 32.72 39.30 433.65 39.42 3.89 210.62
15:00 - 16:00 5874.37 112.42 0.00 64.83 36.55 38.12 287.33 40.28 3.97 188.73
16:00 - 17:00 4749.82 155.83 0.00 86.82 54.38 40.87 57.48 38.98 2.62 197.27
17:00 - 18:00 2836.67 145.98 0.00 100.33 70.65 47.08 1.00 36.42 3.14 177.32
18:00 - 19:00 1989.32 84.45 0.00 94.52 67.25 61.15 1.00 32.63 3.83 169.07
19:00 - 20:00 1603.22 19.32 0.00 79.80 59.03 70.48 1.00 30.45 3.62 169.20
20:00 - 21:00 1491.07 7.38 0.00 74.73 60.37 71.60 1.00 29.67 2.03 175.00
21:00 - 22:00 1165.13 6.23 0.00 93.32 71.43 68.85 1.00 28.73 1.32 189.50
22:00 - 23:00 977.27 2.33 0.00 72.03 56.18 74.15 1.00 27.62 0.83 188.32
23:00 - 24:00 741.87 2.00 0.00 62.50 50.00 78.72 1.00 27.00 0.91 176.58
00:00 - 01:00 743.87 2.00 0.00 57.82 44.40 80.08 1.00 26.97 0.92 168.45
01:00 - 02:00 717.93 2.00 0.00 64.68 50.08 83.18 1.75 26.02 1.92 170.17
02:00 - 03:00 743.87 2.00 0.00 57.82 44.40 80.08 1.00 26.97 0.92 168.45
03:00 - 04:00 740.05 2.00 0.00 68.73 58.15 85.85 1.08 26.00 1.89 174.57
04:00 - 05:00 735.02 2.00 0.00 77.88 63.97 87.55 2.02 25.92 1.49 180.10
05:00 - 06:00 775.93 2.00 0.00 112.30 89.30 89.28 5.55 25.90 0.87 181.93
06:00 - 07:00 858.70 2.00 0.00 109.07 85.53 89.57 18.83 26.00 1.18 185.25
07:00 - 08:00 1174.27 2.00 0.10 120.78 87.03 86.92 11.70 26.37 0.86 194.20
08:00 - 09:00 1069.35 2.08 0.19 82.57 66.40 77.37 48.37 28.33 1.58 172.55
09:00 - 10:00 1354.08 2.00 0.47 44.42 37.27 68.50 100.25 30.40 1.47 162.63
10:00 - 11:00 2207.18 5.58 1.45 32.43 24.23 59.15 175.23 33.32 2.05 179.82
Avg 2096.66 27.42 0.50 71.65 54.07 67.60 92.53 30.83 2.16 189.59
Min 717.93 2.00 0.00 31.62 24.23 38.12 1.00 25.90 0.83 162.63
Max 5874.37 155.83 3.38 120.78 89.30 89.57 433.65 40.28 3.97 274.90
Source: E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Appendix - 19
A2.2 Analysis Result of Water Quality Survey
Appendix - 20
Appendix - 21
Appendix - 22
Appendix - 23
Appendix - 24
Appendix - 25
Appendix - 26
Appendix - 27
Appendix - 28
Appendix - 29
Appendix - 30
Appendix - 31
Appendix - 32
Appendix - 33
Appendix - 34
Appendix - 35
Appendix - 36
Appendix - 37
Appendix - 38
Appendix - 39
Appendix - 40
Appendix - 41
Appendix - 42
Appendix - 43
Appendix - 44
Appendix - 45
Appendix - 46
Appendix - 47
Appendix - 48
Appendix - 49
Appendix - 50
Appendix - 51
Appendix - 52
Appendix - 53
Appendix - 54
Appendix - 55
Appendix - 56
Appendix - 57
Appendix - 58
Appendix - 59
Appendix - 60
Appendix - 61
Appendix - 62
Appendix - 63
Appendix - 64
Appendix - 65
Appendix - 66
Appendix - 67
Appendix - 68
Appendix - 69
Appendix - 70
Appendix - 71
Appendix - 72
Appendix - 73
A2.3 Analysis Result of Soil Quality Survey
Appendix - 74
Appendix - 75
Appendix - 76
Appendix - 77
Appendix - 78
Appendix - 79
Appendix - 80
Appendix - 81
Appendix - 82
Appendix - 83
Appendix - 84
Appendix - 85
Appendix - 86
Appendix - 87
A2.4 Noise and Vibration Survey
(1) Objective of the measure for Noise and Vibration
This is to obtain the noise and vibration level data along the YCR due to the train that are presently
running along the YCR.
Sources: environmental noise; Brel & Kjr Sound & Vibration Measurement A/S;, Environmental Noise, pg
62; http://www.bksv.com/doc/environmentalnoisebooklet_english.pdf
Appendix - 88
In this survey, LAE values were obtained for all passing passenger trains of YCR in the survey
period. At the same time, a type of the train (type1 type5) based on the categorization described
in Table below and passing direction were recorded.
Table A2.1 Categorization Criteria of Train Type for YCR Railway Noise
Measurement
No. Item Category 1 Category2 Explanation
1 Diesel train Locomotive Large loco The first car has six wheels
4v With the
engines at
front car
and last
car
Appendix - 89
Here, LAeq(T) is a widely used noise parameter that calculates a constant level of noise with the
same energy content as the varying acoustic noise signal being measured (see Figure 6). The letter
A denotes that the A-weighting has been included and eq indicates that an equivalent level
has been calculated. Hence, LAeq is the A-weighted-equivalent continuous noise level.
Sources: Brel & Kjr Sound & Vibration Measurement A/S, Environmental Noise, pg 62;
http://www.bksv.com/doc/environmentalnoisebooklet_english.pdf)
To assess the noise level associated with the total train pass-bys at each location, LAeq(T) equivalent
sound level targeting on railway noise level during each of the relevant time periods are calculated
by the following equation using the measured train data and individual measured LAE.
n
1 LAE,i
10
LAeq,T = 10log10 ( 10 )
T
i=1
n = total number of train,
LAE, i = sound exposure level of the i th train,
T = total time of target period of LAeq (54,000 for daytime (7am 10pm) or 32,400 for
nighttime (10pm 7am))
2) Vibration
In the same way as for railway noise measurement, Vibration Exposure Level for z-direction was
obtained from each event of train passing and the railway vibration was evaluated based on
powerlevel-averaged vibration exposure level for each train type.
Appendix - 90
level guideline at the most sensitive point of reception. Noise impacts should not exceed
the levels shown below, or result in a maximum increase in background levels of three
decibels at the nearest receptor location off-site.
It is noted that National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines does not mention a
guideline value to be specified for railway noise.
In the event of a new construction or large scale modification of general railway, the
following noise levels shall be achieved at 1.2m above the ground in the open air along the
railway line and at a position12.5m away in horizontal distance from the center line of the
near side track.
(1) For a new construction, the equivalent noise level shall be 60 decibels or less in daytime
(7:00 22:00) and 55 decibels or less in night time (22:00 07:00 on the following day).
(2) For a large-scale modification, the noise level shall be improved compared with the
level prior to the modification.
Appendix - 91
Being compared with Japanese Guidelines for a new contraction of general railway as a reference,
the LAeq only at WEST-A-1 in nighttime (57.3 dB at 12.5 m) exceeds the Japanese Guideline
values (55 dB), which implies the increased number of train operation might cause a certain level
of impact on the receptors. However, referring to the Japanese Guidelines for a large-scale
modification, it says that the noise level should be improved compared with the level prior to the
modification. Thus the noise impact to be caused by YCR upgrading project should be evaluated
in comparison to these noise levels recorded in this survey as a baseline data.
(6) Photos
The survey photos are shown below.
Appendix - 92
West A-1(12.5m) West A-1 (23m)
Appendix - 93
APPENDIX 3 RECORDS STAKEHOLDER MEETINGS
A3.1 Record of 1st Stakeholder Meeting for the Western Section
(1) Outline of 1st Stakeholder Meeting for the Western Section
The 1st Stakeholder Meeting was held in the early planning stage targeting on the western section
of YCR Line as described below.
Table A3.1 Outline of 1st Stakeholder Meeting
Project Name Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project
Agenda Opening Remarks by U Aung Khin, Minister, Ministry of Transport and
communication, Yangon Region Government
Presentation on Project Procedures, by U Tun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower
Myanmar), Myanma Railway, Ministry of Rail Transportation
Presentation on Environmental and Social Considerations in Yangon Circular
Railway Line Upgrading Project, by U Aye Thiha, Managing Director of E Guard
Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Tea Break
Question and Answer Session
Closing Remarks by Mr. Tun Aung Thin, General Manager, Myanma Railway
Date August 7, Thursday 2014
Time 13:00 pm to 16:00 pm
Venue Ruby Hall-Asia Plaza Hotel, Yangon
Attendees 11 Local Interested Persons
66 reporters (News Media)
13 Politicians (Members of Yangon Regional Parliament and others)
29 Staffs from Government Departments and other Organization
1 Person from NGOs
5 Persons from JICA Study Team
7 Persons from E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Materials Provided Agenda
Power-point Presentation Document on Project Procedures
Power-point Presentation Document on Environmental and Social Considerations
Appendix - 94
-Question: Do you consider for the sake of Disables?
-Answer: Yes, we do consider for them. As a culture of Myanmar People, the disables can easily
get the supports from every Station Master and the Duty Officers. This is a good
question and we accept the support for the Disables in the Staion and in their trip
should be considered with great care. Thank you so much for your discussion.
-Suggestion Point: One suggestion I would like to make is that we should be self-reliant in
developing projects as much as we can.
-Question: Is the project of the Yangon Central Railway Station to move to Ywathar Gyi on-
going or not? I made this question on behalf of the public, not by a Government
Officer.
-Answer: Yes, it is an on-going project. Now we are in a stage of land acquisition. We made a
request to the Yangon Region Government, to get some additional area. That project
will include factories, housing, primary schools, clinics, playgrounds and even the
religion buildings.
Appendix - 95
d) Questions and Answers with News Media
A Reporter
-Question: When will you start the circular railway line upgrading project?
-Answer: Firstly, we must do the required infrastructure for circular railway. We will do the
field surveys and taking aerial photos. And then we will make considerations on
budget and detailed implementation designs. So, we will start the project
implementation activities in 2015.
-Question: During the project implementation, do you see the disturbances for daily rail
transportation services? Do you have preparations for that case?
-Answer: There will be no disturbance. We will implement the project step by step.
-Question: Do you have a compensation plan for affected structures and land in upgrading
project?
-Answer: If the land is owned by Myanma Railway, we will resettle them in another place. For
the other lands and structures, we will make the process for compensation step by
step. Thats why we are now doing the assessments such as IEE and EIA to reduce
the environmental and social impacts.
-Question: How do you think about the negative impacts of high buildings if the trains will be
speeded up after the project?
-Answer: We have a wide range of 75 feet on each side of the railway line to protect from
danger. In order to avoid accidents and protect the life of people, those are very
important. That will be included in our considerations.
-Question: Do you have any plan to expand the rail line up to more than 75 feet, because of the
high speed of the trains?
-Answer: That depends on how fast we need to drive the trains. Next time the technicians will
also explain about this question.
Appendix - 96
-Answer: We will take actions on those cases. Thats why, we are now holding such
Stakeholders meetings to give clear messages about the project activities.
-Question: Although Government had prohibited such encroachments in the past, it did not work
properly, I think. How do you think about it?
-Answer: We had already taken actions on those cases. They are now facing in the courts. They
will have to follow the decision of the courts.
Appendix - 97
A3.2 Record of 2nd Stakeholder Meeting for the Western Section
(1) Outline of 2nd Stakeholder Meeting
The 2nd Stakeholder Meeting was held to disclose the Project Plan and draft result of IEE Study
for the western section of YCR Line as summarized in Table A1.2.
Table A3.2 Outline of the Second Stakeholder Meeting
Project Name Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project
Agenda Opening Remarks by U Tun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower Myanmar),
Myanma Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
Presentation on Project Plan, by U Tun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower
Myanmar), Myanma Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
Presentation on Environmental and Social Considerations in Yangon Circular
Railway Line Upgrading Project, by U Aye Thiha, Managing Director of E Guard
Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Tea Break
Question and Answer Session
Closing Remarks by U Tun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower Myanmar),
Myanma Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
Date September 23rd, Tuesday 2014
Time 13:00 pm to 16:00 pm
Venue Yuzana Garden Hotel, Yangon
Attendees 65 Project Affected Persons (PAPs)
56 Reporters (News Media)
28 Staffs from Government Departments and other Organizations
7 Personnel from NGOs and Private Companies
7 Personnel from JICA Study Team
13 Personnel from E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Total Participants (176)
Materials Provided Agenda
Power-point Presentation Document on Project Plan
Power-point Presentation Document on Environmental and Social Considerations
Prepared by U Ye Wint Aung (E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd)
Appendix - 98
-Answer: We have plans to make further identifications to get more detailed information about
the shops under Parami ROB. Then we will consider how to mitigate the impacts on
these shops. At least we will try to help your business to be functioning. But if the
project implementation works would have been started, you might be necessary to
stay away from the construction site temporarily. For such cases, we will discuss
closely with you. Especially we are responsible to help you as much as possible: so
meanwhile you can carry on your businesses comfortably.
U Kyaw Myo Tun (PAP between Lanmataw Station and Pyay Lan Station)
-Question: I am the one near Lanmataw Station. As we are counted for permanent relocation,
how will you consider assisting our livelihood?
-Answer: Our considerations on temporary and permanent will be different. We will identify
all the PAPs for the next time before the commencement of the Project
Implementation, and will discuss one by one. We will report the situation to the
Regional Government and the Ministry of Railways Transportation. And we will
follow the best option for you.
Appendix - 99
-Answer: Yes, if the project implementations have been started, some areas need to be secured
for construction sites. If so, the shops in this secured area need to be removed
temporarily. But we will try to avoid such cases as much as possible. If engineering
design has come out, we can say exactly about it.
b) Medias Perspectives
In some cases we need to buy some machines that must be paid in US Dollar. Some
project like ODA loan and EDCF (Korea Rail cars) are the soft loans for us. Even
for this Danyinkone-Yangon-Mahlwakone development project, we estimate USD
700 million. We will buy all new things for development in public transportation.
This project will start in 2015. In this upgrading project, it will include programs for
wastewater management, canals and good drainage systems. I really thank you for
your questions.
A Reporter
-Question: If the project is implemented, what considerations do you have for the vendors in the
stations and the homeless people along the rail track?
-Answer: Regarding the vendors, we have sympathy for them; we want to see the improvement
of their livelihood. But if possible, MR does not want them selling in the stations. We
want to see them selling in better places than in the stations. We will cooperate with
YCDC for their resettlement. But it is not the time to say exactly about the plan.
Appendix - 100
For the homeless, we will do the detailed surveys on that. Before we start any project,
we need to find out the reason why they are in homeless situation, their background
that says where they are from, etc. So let us do the detailed survey first. Then we will
consider for them in cooperation with Wards and Townships GADs.
(Note: U Aye Thiha, MD of E Guard) added that the resettlement process is aimed to
reach a win-win situation in negotiation with each individual PAP by MR and YCDC
and other relating departments.)
Appendix - 101
A3.3 Record of 1st Stakeholder Meeting for the Entire Section
(1) Outline of 1st Stakeholder Meeting for the entire section
The stakeholder meeting targeting on the entire section of YCR was held in May 2015 and
organized as the third round stakeholder meeting as a whole.
Table A3.3 Outline of the 1stStakeholder Meeting for the Entire Section of YCR Line
Project Name Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project
Agenda Opening Remarks by U Htun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower Myanmar),
Myanma Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
Presentation on Project Brief, by U Htun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower
Myanmar), Myanma Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
Presentation on Environmental and Social Considerations in Yangon Circular
Railway Line Upgrading Project, by U Tin Aung Moe, Director of E Guard
Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Tea Break
Question and Answer Session
Closing Remarks by U Htun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower Myanmar),
Myanma Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
Date May 12, Tuesday 2015
Time 13:00 pm to 16:00 pm
Venue Yuzana Garden Hotel, Yangon
Attendees 19- Local Interest People
62- Reporters ( Media)
16- Officials and Staffs from Government Departments
7- Members of Parliament, Yangon Region
6 -Personnel from JICA Study Team
10- Personnel from E Guard Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
Total Participants (120)
Materials Provided Agenda
Power-point Presentation Document on Project Brief
Power-point Presentation Document on Environmental and Social Considerations
Photo A3.3 1st Stakeholder Meeting for the Entire Section of YCR Line
Appendix - 102
Moreover, the showing video well explained to know the expected upgrading program in coming
next 40 years.
Question: Firstly, I really want to know how will be the safety plan for public when the
project starts operation stage. In addition, I would like to give suggestion to provide public vehicles
which is easily accessible to railway stations in short time. By supporting like this, people will
prefer to use train than to other transportation services.
Answer: It is very important for public to understand about the operating system of
Myanmar railway. Regarding accidents along the railway track, it is not easy to mitigate
immediately. Sometimes, we, railway staffs have to always negotiate who live and passing in the
railway area the people in the railway area because they dont understand and care the operating
system and risks. It is crucial important for Railway staffs to be active and responsible on their job.
At the same time public also needs to understand well on Myanmar railways system and activities
and need to obey disciplines and policy as enacted law.
Question: I heard that Chinese Water Spanish (Kan-Zun) planting area along the YCR Line
area is one of citys food resources. Therefore, I want to know about the resettlement plan if there
is any affected area in those plantations.
Answer: Thanks for your suggestion. As you know, MR did not charge money to people
who are planting illegally in railway areas since years. And then, we have allowed them to carry
these goods and vegetables from one station to other by train. If there is any loss for those people,
we will consider necessary compensation for their livelihood restoration.
Appendix - 103
Question: There are a lot of plantation owners along the railway lines. But only my family
was invited to this meeting. I want to know the reason.
Answer: We conducted socio economic survey to households whose properties are within
2.5 m from the center of the railway track. So, PAPs who attended today meeting are those that
we interviewed during survey.
c) From Media
U Moe Min (Reporter, 7 Days Journal)
Question: I would like to know 1) duration of the project and 2) how will illegal
encroachment in the project area be handled?
Answer: Duration of projects will be different according type of each project. For the next
question, Government cannot monitor illegal encroachments every time. If there is any
encroachment of illegal occupants, it is requested to inform to inform to relevant administrative
offices at once.
Daw Lay Lay Mon (DVB News)
Question: Regarding occurrence of accidents and mis-disciplines of people in the railway
area, I want to know whether it is due to Myanmar railway or public. In addition, I heard that
YCDC are doing some business activities in MR area. Is it business partnership between MR and
YCDC?
Answer: Train has to be operated in the designated track as rule. If someone across the
railway track or disturbs in any other way, train has to be stopped or slowed down. Consequently,
trains cannot be operated to be punctual. To say in brief, both sides have responsibility to prevent
accidents sand mis-disciplines. For next question, rather than separating MR owned land and
YCDC owned land, it is better to give understanding as Union Government property.
Appendix - 104
A3.4 Record of 2nd Stakeholder Meeting for the Entire Section
(1) Outline of 2nd Stakeholder Meeting for the Entire Section
The stakeholder meeting targeting on the entire section of YCR was held in July 2016 and
organized as the fourth round stakeholder meeting as a whole.
Table A3.4 Outline of the 2nd Stakeholder Meeting for the Entire Section of YCR Line
Project Name Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project
Agenda 1. Opening Remarks by U Tun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower Myanmar),
Myanma Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
2. Presentation on Project Plan, by U Tun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower
Myanmar), Myanma Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
3. Presentation on Environmental and Social Considerations in Yangon Circular
Railway Line Upgrading Project, by U Tin Aung Moe, Director of E Guard
Environmental Services Co., Ltd.
4. Tea Break
5. Question and Answer Session
6. Closing Remarks by U Tun Aung Thin, General Manager (Lower Myanmar),
Myanma Railways, Ministry of Railways Transportation
Date July 12th, Tuesday 2016
Time 13:00 pm to 15:30 pm
Venue Yuzana Garden Hotel, Yangon
Attendees 57 Local People
31 from Media
61 Staffs from Government Departments and other Organizations
5 from Private companies
4 from NGOs
3 from JICA Study Team
Total Participants (161)
Materials Provided Power-point Presentation Document on Project Plan in Myanmar
Power-point Presentation Document on Environmental and Social Considerations in
Myanmar
Photo A3.4 2nd Stakeholder Meeting for the Entire Section of YCR Line
Appendix - 105
Answer by U Htun Aung Thin: We have surveyed and recorded all possible affected structures including
shops, houses, etc. Abbreviated Resettlement Plan (ARP) will be prepared and also submitted to Yangon
Region Government. Tentative relocation site is considered in Ywarthargyi. If PAPs do not satisfy that place,
we will manage the nearest location of existing place.
b) From NGO
U Wanna Kyaw Swar (Shwe Minn Thar Foundation, an NGO for the disabled persons)
Question: Is there any plan to make convenient for disable persons that are using the train?
Answer by U Htun Aung Thin: We have planned to make plane level for wheel-chair users to be able to take
the train without difficulty.
c) From Government
U Khin Mg Win (Member of Yangon Region Parliament, Pazuntaung Township)
Question: I would like to know source of financial aid for the project, estimated amount of the aid and
implementation period of the project.
Answer by U Htun Aung Thin: MR will carry out necessary work using MRs budget on the civil and track
work, station platform, power supply, depot and workshop for installation of the new signaling system and
DEMUs. However, technical support will be provided from JICA in designing those elements. The targeted
year for the project implementation is 2017-2018.
Appendix - 106
U Than Naing Oo (Member of Yangon Region Parliament, Pabedan Township, Yangon Region
Government)
Question: In current situation, we have some difficulties to use train due to long distance from home to train
station and traffic congestion. Will you discuss with JICA for solving this problem, for example arranging
shuttle bus to Stations? Are there any specific guidelines or instructions for clearance of existing illegal
residents, and shops along the YCR Line?
Answer by U Htun Aung Thin: In the future, feeder lines will be arranged to reach the destination in a short
period. Regarding shops in MR land, they are doing these business activities with MIC permission. So every
plan of MR will be informed to Yangon Region Government.
U Khin Win (Member of Yangon Region Parliament, Kyimyindaing Township, Yangon Region
Government)
Question: Height of FOB near Kyee Myin Daing Station was raised for the reason of running electric
train and it makes very close to power transmission lines. Recently, an accident was occurred on that bridge
and cause of the death is suspected to be due to electric shock. This shows poor quality of the new FOBs
construction and I would like to ask how to rebuild the FOBs to get good quality.
Answer by U Htun Aung Thin: Yes, we increased the height of that FOB according to design requirements
for the future operation of electric train. It was constructed by contractor not by MR and this might be due
to lack of technical cooperation between MR and YESC.
U Zaw Win Naing (Member of Yangon Region Parliament, Lathar Township, Yangon Region
Government)
Question: To my understanding, this project was contracted since 2013. Who will manage the project,
Union Government or Regional Government?
Answer by U Htun Aung Thin: Transportation sector is under the management of the Union Government.
The Government of Myanmar (GOM) has officially requested support from the Government of Japan with
regard to the Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project through provision of a Japanese ODA. As the
project site is located in Yangon Region, the project would also be implemented in accordance with the
Yangon Region Governments instructions.
Appendix - 107
Question: I would like to know whether MR would provide good services after upgrading the YCR Line and
status of upgrading of the existing Pazundaung Station.
Answer by U Htun Aung Thin: MR is trying to give the best service aiming at publics convenience even
if it offers little benefit. Regarding Pazundaung Station, tendering for upgrading work was only invited to
local contractors and then it was aborted due to lack of enough capacity to be handled by local contractors.
d) From Media
U Kyaw Phone Kyaw (Senior Reporter, Fratier Myanmar)
Question: How much is the amount of allocated budget for this project? I would like to know the current
speed of the train and increased speed of the train in the operation phase.
Answer by U Htun Aung Thin: Estimate budget for the upgrading of YCL Line project is about 200 million
US dollar. Current speed is about 15mph and the target maximum running speed of the project is 20mph.
Appendix - 108
A3.6 Presentation/Handout for the 2nd Stakeholder Meeting on 12 July 2016for the
Entire Section of Yangon Circular Railway Line Upgrading Project (in Myanmar and
English)
(1) Project Brief in Myanmar
Appendix - 118
Appendix - 119
Appendix - 120
Appendix - 121
(2) Project Brief in English Translation
Appendix - 122
Appendix - 123
Appendix - 124
Appendix - 125
(3) Environmental and Social Considerations in Myanmar
Appendix - 126
Appendix - 127
Appendix - 128
Appendix - 129
(4) Environmental and Social Considerations in English Translation
Appendix - 130
Appendix - 131
Appendix - 132
Appendix - 133