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Hng dn thi My trng >3000KW
HNG DN TR LI CU HI
THI MY TRNG
(102 cu)
Cu 1: B lut ISM Code c a ra nhm mc ch g? Hy nu nhng ni dung

c bn ca B lut ISM Code. Hy trnh by v d c th v trin khai ISM
Code trn tu m bn lm vic.
Yu cu:
- Nm c mc ch v ton b ni dung ca b lut ISM code.
- Trin khai vic thc hin b lut trn tu
Hng dn tr li:
Bng vic a ra cc b sung sa i i vi Cng c quc t v an ton sinh mng
con ngi trn bin, (SOLAS-1974) i vo hiu lc ngy 01/07/1998. Trong b sung
chng IX vo Cng c ny, B lut Qun l an ton quc t (B lut ISM) cng bt
u i vo p dng bt buc. Ngh quyt MSC.99(73) b sung sa i i vi chng IX
c chp thun ngy 01/01/2002 v c hiu lc t ngy 01/07/2002. y cng chnh
l ngy B lut ISM Code m rng phm vi p dng bt buc i vi cc tu ch hng
khc v i vi cc gin khoan bin di ng.
B lut ny khi ngun t cui thp k 1980, khi m s lo ngi ngy cng gia tng v
vic thiu cc tiu chun qun l tu. Cc iu tra tai nn v hng hi cho thy nguyn
nhn c bn l do cc sai st trm trng trong cng tc qun l.
B lut ISM Code c kin ton thng qua vic trin khai Hng dn v qun l
khai thc tu an ton v ngn nga nhim c i hi ng IMO thng qua nm
1989 bng ngh quyt A.647(16), v Hng dn c b sung sa i ny c thng
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qua hai nm sau bng ngh quyt A.680(17) v di hnh thc nh hin nay, B lut
qun l quc t v khai thc tu an ton v ngn nga nhim (B lut ISM Code) c
thng qua vo nm 1993 bng ngh quyt A.741(18). B lut ISM Code c b sung
sa i vo 12/2000 bng ngh quyt MSC.104(73). Ngh quyt ny c chp thun
vo ngy 01/01/2002 v cc b sung sa i s c hiu lc t 01/07/2002.
Mc ch ca B lut ny l a ra mt tiu chun quc t v qun l v khai thc tu
an ton v v ngn nga nhim. B lut ny l c s cho cc cng ty qun l tu xy
dng mt h thng qun l an ton ph hp tng loi tu, c thng nht t b phn
qun l tu trn b v trn tu nhm bo m an ton trn bin, ngn nga thng vong
v ngi, v trnh cc thit hi i vi mi trng, c bit l mi trng bin v i vi
ti sn.
B lut ISM CODE cng l tiu chun cc c quan c thm quyn nh gi s ph
hp ca cc h thng qun l an ton m cc cng ty xy dng v thc hin.
Phm vi p dng v thi im B lut c hiu lc:
Cc tu khch bao gm c tu khch cao tc, khng mun hn ngy 1 thng 7 nm
1998;
Cc tu ch du, tu ch ha cht, tu ch kh, tu ch hng x v tu hng cao tc
c tng dung tch t 500 tr ln, khng mun hn ngy 1 thng 7 nm 1998; v
Cc tu hng khc v cc gin khoan bin di ng c tng dung tch t 500 tr ln,
khng mun hn ngy 1 thng 7 nm 2002.
Ni dung c bn ca b lut ISM CODE:

Chng IX ca ph chng trong cng c SOLAS 1974: T chc hng hi quc t
thng qua B lut ISM Code, Phm vi p dng v thi im c hiu lc, Cc quy nh
Mc ch v mc tiu ca b lut B lut ISM Code
Phm vi p dng
1. Chnh sch an ton v bo v mi trng
2. Trch nhim v quyn hn ca cng ty qun l tu
3. Ngi ph trch HTQLAT
4. Trch nhim v quyn hn ca thuyn trng
5. Ngun lc v nhn lc
6. Trin khai thc hin cc k hoch hot ng trn tu
7. Sn sng i ph tnh hung khn cp
8. Bo co v phn tch v s khng ph hp, tai nn v tnh hung nguy him, cn
nguy.
9. Bo dng tu v trang thit b
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10. Ti liu
11. Kim tra, xc nhn, xem xt, nh gi ca cng ty
12. Chng nhn v kim tra xc nhn nh k
13. Chng nhn tm thi
14. Kim tra v xc nhn
15. Mu GCN
16. Hng dn cho cc chnh quyn hnh chnh trin khai kim tra thc hin b lut.
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Cu 2: H thng qun l an ton trn tu (SMS) c xy dng trn c s no? C

quan chc nng no nh gi, cp giy chng nhn (SMC)? Hy nu v d
c th v trin khai H thng qun l an ton trn tu m bn lm vic.
Yu cu:
- Nm c b lut qun l an ton quc t ISM Code
- Nm c ton b h thng qun l an ton ca c quan qun l tu
- Trin khai H thng qun l an ton trn tu lm vic.
Hng dn tr li:
- H thng qun l an ton trn tu (SMS) c xy dng theo quy nh trong cng
c SOLAS 1974 trn c s B lut h thng qun l an ton quc t ISM CODE.
Phm vi p dng v thi im B lut c hiu lc:
Cc tu khch bao gm c tu khch cao tc, khng mun hn ngy 1 thng 7 nm
1998;
Cc tu ch du, tu ch ha cht, tu ch kh, tu ch hng x v tu hng cao tc c
tng dung tch t 500 tr ln, khng mun hn ngy 1 thng 7 nm 1998; v
Cc tu hng khc v cc gin khoan bin di ng c tng dung tch t 500 tr ln,
khng mun hn ngy 1 thng 7 nm 2002.
- C quan chnh quyn hnh chnh c php kim tra, nh gi, cp giy chng nhn
Safety Management Certificate-SMC l c quan ng kim c s y quyn ca Chnh
quyn nh nc m tu treo c.
-V d v trin khai thc hin h thng qun l qun l an ton trn tu:
S tay h thng qun l an ton( SMS Manual): v tr , thuyn vin c, hiu, nm
c thc hin
Chnh sch an ton v bo v mi trng ca cng ty
Chc trch thuyn vin
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Thc hin cc quy trnh hot ng then cht ca tu

Lp v thc hin k hoch bo dng tu
Sn sng i ph tnh hung khn cp
Bo co v phn tch v s khng ph hp, tai nn v tnh hung nguy him, cn nguy.
Khc phc s khng ph hp, bi hc kinh nghim
Cc biu mu ghi chp, bo co trong cc trng hp c th
Cc loi nht k
Hp an ton tu.
Sot xt ca thuyn trng, sa i b sung h thng SMS
Qun l ti liu
nh gi ni b, nh gi ca chnh quyn hnh chnh
Kt qu kim tra ca chnh quyn cng (PSC, cc li thng gp, bin php khc
phc
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Cu 3: H thng qun l an ton trn tu c p dng v thc hin trn tu nhm
mc ch g? Cho nhng v d v vic thc hin h thng qun l an ton
trn tu.
Yu cu:
-Nm c mc ch ca vic p dng H thng qun l an ton trn tu.
-Trin khai vic thc hin h thng qun l an ton trn tu.
Hng dn tr li:
B lut ISM Code l a ra mt tiu chun quc t v qun l v khai thc tu an ton
v v ngn nga nhim. B lut ny l c s cho cc cng ty qun l tu xy dng mt
h thng qun l an ton ph hp tng loi tu, c thng nht t b phn qun l tu
trn b v trn tu nhm bo m an ton trn bin, ngn nga thng vong v ngi, v
trnh cc thit hi i vi mi trng, c bit l mi trng bin v i vi ti sn.
H thng qun l an ton trn tu c p dng v thc hin trn tu nhm mc ch
c bn l:
Khai thc, vn hnh tu an ton i vi ngi, con tu, hng ha, ti sn v c bit l
mi trng.
Bo v, chng nhim mi trng bin, khng kh.
- V d v trin khai thc hin h thng qun l qun l an ton:
S tay h thng qun l an ton( SMS Manual): v tr , thuyn vin c, hiu, nm
c thc hin
Chnh sch an ton v bo v mi trng ca cng ty
Chc trch thuyn vin
Thc hin cc quy trnh hot ng then cht ca tu
Lp v thc hin k hoch bo dng tu
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Sn sng i ph tnh hung khn cp

Bo co v phn tch v s khng ph hp, tai nn v tnh hung nguy him, cn
nguy. Khc phc s khng ph hp, bi hc kinh nghim
Hp an ton tu.
Sot xt ca thuyn trng, sa i b sung h thng SMS
Qun l ti liu
nh gi ni b, nh gi ca chnh quyn hnh chnh
Kt qu kim tra ca chnh quyn cng (PSC), cc li thng gp, bin php khc
phc
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Cu 4: Cu trc c bn ca S tay qun l an ton - Safety Management Manual -

SMM trn tu bao gm nhng ni dung c bn g?
Yu cu:
- Nm c ni dung b lut ISM code
- Nm c vic trin khai H thng qun l an ton trn tu
- Nm c ton b ni dung ca S tay qun l an ton.
Hng dn tr li:
S tay qun l an ton - Safety Management Manual SMM c cng ty qun l
tu xy dng, c Chnh quyn hnh chnh quc gia tu treo c-C quan ng kim
nh gi SMM cng vi s thc hin SMS trn tu ph hp vi B lut ISM code, cp
giy chng nhn DOC v SMC.
S tay qun l an ton - Safety Management Manual SMM l cm nang cho i
qun l tu trn b, thuyn trng v thuyn vin trn tu thc hin qun l tu v mi
trng an ton.
Cu trc c bn ca S tay qun l an ton - Safety Management Manual - SMM
trn tu bao gm nhng ni dung c bn sau:
Chnh sch qun l an ton v bo v mi trng ca cng ty (Safety and environmental
protection policy)
Chnh sch bia ru v ma ty (The alcohol, beer and drug policy)
Cc quy nh chung v kim tra v thc hin h thng qun l an ton (Regulations)
Cc quy trnh v hng dn thc hin cc k hoch hot ng ca tu (Procedures
and Instructions):
Quy trnh thit lp cc quy nh (Procedure to set-up regulations)
Quy trnh thit lp cc quy trnh (Procedure to set-up Procedures)
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Quy trnh qun l S tay qun l an ton (Procedure for management of Safety
Management Manual)
Quy trnh kim sot ti liu (Procedure for Document control)
Cu trc t chc, trch nhim v quyn hn (Ognization structure, responsibility and
authority)
Quy trnh thng tin lin lc (Provision for Communication)
Quy trnh bo co, phn tch v khc phc s khng ph hp, tai nn v tnh hung
nguy him (Procedure for Report, analysis, corrective action of nonconformities,
accidents and hazardous occurrencies)
Quy trnh tuyn dng v o to (Procedure for Recruitment and training)
Quy trnh thay i thuyn vin (Procedure forCrew change)
Quy trnh nh gi ni b (Procedure for Internal Audit)
Quy trnh sot xt cng tc qun l (Procedure for Management review)
Quy trnh qun l vt t (Procedure for Stores and Spare Parts Management)
Quy trnh bo dng tu (Procedure for Ship Mantenance)
Quy trnh v cc hot ng then cht trn tu (Procedure for Shipboard Key
Operations)
Quy trnh nhn du (Procedure for Bunkering)
Quy trnh lm hng tng hp/hng ri (Provision for Cargo Handling on Cargo ship
and Bulk Carrier)
Hot ng trc ca trn tu (Procedure for Watchkeeping)
Hot ng chun b i bin, ri/n cng (Procedure forPreparing for seagoing,
arrival/departure)
Quy trnh trnh nhim mi trng (Procedure for Prevention of Enviromental
Pollution)
(Procedure for Preparedness for Emergency Contingencies)
Quy trnh ng ph tnh hung khn cp
(Procedure for Preparedness for Emergency Contingencies)
Cc nht k v bo co qun l an ton (Safety management Records and Reports)
Cc biu mu ghi chp, bo co
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Cu 5: S lnh ca my trng (Chief Engineers Order Book, Chief Engineers

Standing Order) nhm mc ch g? Dng nh th no? Cho v d minh
ha.
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Yu cu:
- Nm c ton b mc ch, cc ni dung cn ghi, cch s dng S lnh ca My
trng
Hng dn tr li:
S lnh ca my trng (Chief Engineers Order Book, Chief Engineers Standing
Order) c dng truyn t cc quy nh, hng dn, nhng vn cn lu , mnh
lnh ca My trng cho thuyn vin b phn my trc ca nhm bo m an ton cho
thuyn vin, tu, mi trng v hng ha trong trong qu trnh vn hnh khai thc cc
trang thit b ca h ng lc v con tu. y l mt cng vic cn thc hin trong hot
ng then cht trn tu bo m kh nng sn sng ng ph khn cp, ngn nga cc
nguy c xy ra tnh hung nguy him, s c trong qu trnh khai thc qun l tu.
Chief Engineers Standing Order:
- Ghi cc quy nh v trch nhim, nhim v ca s quan th my trc ca.
- Phn cng trc ca: cp cu/ man iu ng khi n/ri cng, hnh trnh
- Quy nh gi lm vic, ngh, i b
- Cc ng ph tnh hung bt thng, khn cp ca ca s quan th my trc ca
- Bo co my trng
- Cc qui trnh ng ph khn cp
- Quy trnh nhn/ chuyn du
- Quy trnh chun b my ri cng, n cng
- Cc quy trnh th kim tra cc thit b s c
- Cc quy trnh vn hnh thit b quan trng, thit b s c, c bit , i hi s
thnh tho, cn trng v k nng tt.
- Cc thng tin cn thit khc.
ng thi yu cu cc SQ v TM trc ca c, lnh hi v k xc nhn thc hin.
Chief Engineers Order Book:
L s lnh ca my trng, ghi cc mnh lnh, nhng cng vic cn lu , cn lm
ca SQ th my trc ca trong nhng tnh hung c nguy c xy ra nhng sai st, iu bt
thng, s c nguy him nu nh ngi trc ca khng theo di su st, khng thc hin
theo ch dn.
My trng ghi nhng iu cn lu v cc mnh lnh trc ca phi thc hin trong
ca trc. My trng ghi r thi im ghi lnh, thi hn hiu lc - p dng, k. ng thi
yu cu cc SQ v TM trc ca c, lnh hi v k xc nhn di lnh thc hin.
Cho v d thc t.
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Cu 6: Vn bn no quy nh v Chc trch, nhim v ca mi thuyn vin trn tu

bin Vit Nam? Nu cu trc t chc ca thuyn vin trn tu. Chc trch
v nhim v ca my trng l g?
Yu cu:
- Nm c ni dung c bn ca B Lut Hng hi Vit nam v cc vn bn di
lut.
- Nm c chc trch v nhim v ca My trng theo Lut Hng hi Vit nam.
Hng dn tr li:
1. Chc trch, nhim v ca thuyn vin trn tu bin Vit Nam c quy nh trong:
- Chc trch, nhim v ca thuyn vin trn tu bin Vit Nam, mt vn bn di lut ca
B Lut Hng hi Vit nam
- Chc trch, nhim v ca thuyn vin trn tu c quy nh trong S tay qun l an
ton trn tu.
2. Cu trc t chc thuyn vin trn tu (v d minh ha trn s )
3. Nhim v ca My trng: (Theo lut Hng hi Vit nam 2005):
My trng chu s qun l v iu hnh trc tip ca thuyn trng v c nhim v
c th sau y:
1. T chc qun l, iu hnh lao ng v thc hin ch lm vic, trc ca, ngh ngi
cho thuyn vin thuc b phn my v in;
2. T chc qun l khai thc an ton, t hiu qu kinh t i vi cc my mc, thit b
nh my chnh, ni hi, my lm lnh, cc my ph, cc h thng v thit b ng lc
khc theo quy trnh, quy phm hin hnh; bo m an ton k thut trong vic s dng,
bo qun, bo dng, sa cha my mc v cc h thng, thit b do cc b phn khc
qun l nh my neo, phn c ca my li, my cu lm hng, h thng ti, h thng
dng ng, h thng thng gi, h thng khc v hng dn thuyn vin ca cc b phn
ny thc hin vn hnh ng quy trnh, quy phm hin hnh;
3. Thng xuyn kim tra, theo di vic thc hin quy trnh, quy phm v an ton k
thut v an ton lao ng thuc b phn mnh ph trch;
4. Thng xuyn gim st, theo di vic thc hin ni quy phng chng chy bung
my, trm pht in, xng, kho tng, phng lm vic, bung v cc khu vc khc do
b phn my v in qun l;
5. Khi c lnh bo ng, phi ch o thuyn vin b phn my v in thc hin
ng nhim v theo quy nh;
6. Hng ngy kim tra vic ghi chp nht k my, nht k du v cc s theo di hot
ng ca cc my mc, thit b ca tu do b phn my v in qun l;
7. T chc cho thuyn vin b phn my v in kp thi khc phc s c v h hng
ca my mc, thit b; duy tr ng ch bo qun, bo dng thng xuyn, t xut
v nh k i vi my mc, thit b; xut k hoch sa cha nh k cc my mc,
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thit b thuc b phn mnh ph trch v tin hnh kim tra kt qu sa cha; duyt d
ton cung cp vt t k thut, nhin liu do cc s quan my v in xut; ng thi,
theo di vic s dng, bo qun vt t k thut, nhin liu c cp pht;
8. Trc tip iu khin my tu khi iu ng tu ra, vo cng, qua eo bin, lung
hp, khu vc nguy him, tm nhn xa b hn ch. Ch khi c php ca thuyn trng th
my trng mi c th ri khi bung my v giao cho my hai thay th mnh trc tip
iu khin my;
9. Thc hin mt cch kp thi, chnh xc mnh lnh iu ng tu ca thuyn
trng; nu v l do no khng thc hin c hoc thc hin chm tr th my trng
phi kp thi bo co thuyn trng bit x l. Trng hp c bit, nu thc hin
mnh lnh ca thuyn trng s gy nguy him n tnh mng ca thuyn vin hay lm
tn hi n my mc, thit b th phi bo co ngay thuyn trng bit v ch chp hnh
mnh lnh ca thuyn trng khi thuyn trng quyt nh tip tc thi hnh lnh ni trn.
Lnh ca thuyn trng v vic thi hnh lnh ny phi c ghi vo nht k hng hi v
nht k my;
10. Kim tra vic chun b cho chuyn i ca b phn my, in v t nht 02 gi
trc khi tu ri cng cng i ph bo co thuyn trng bit cng vic chun b ca b
phn mnh;
11. Lp bo co cho ch tu v tnh trng my mc, thit b ca tu theo ng ch
quy nh;
12. Trong thi gian iu ng tu, trong cng, lung hp hoc hnh trnh trn bin,
my trng mun thay i ch hot ng ca my, cc thit b k thut khc hay iu
chnh nhin liu, nc ngt, nc dn th nht thit phi c s ng ca thuyn
trng;
13. D tnh trc nhng kh khn, h hng c th xy ra i vi my mc, thit b v
chun b cc bin php thch hp nhm ngn nga mt cch hiu qu s c khi xy ra;
ng thi, bo co thuyn trng bit ch ng x l khi cn thit;
14. Trng hp c s c xy ra i vi my mc, thit b th my trng hnh ng
theo trch nhim v kinh nghim ca mnh x l s c v kp thi bo co thuyn
trng bit nhng bin php thc hin;
15. Trng hp thuyn vin thuc b phn my v in c hnh ng lm h hng
my mc, thit b th my trng c quyn nh ch cng vic ca thuyn vin v kp
thi bo co thuyn trng bit;
16. Khi tu neo u cng, nu c thuyn trng chp thun, my trng c th
ri tu nhng phi giao nhim v cho my hai v bo r a ch ca mnh trn b.
Trng hp tu neo u nhng ni an ton, nu vng my hai th my trng c th ri
tu v giao li nhim v cho s quan trc ca my nhng phi c thuyn trng chp
thun;
17. Khi n nhn nhim v trn tu, my trng phi tip nhn v t chc qun l
ton b my mc, thit b, nhin liu, du m, dng c ngh, ti sn, vt t k thut v
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cc h s ti liu thuc b phn my v in; s lng v kh nng nghip v chuyn

mn ca thuyn vin b phn my v in. Bin bn tip nhn v bn giao c lp thnh
04 bn c k xc nhn ca thuyn trng: 01 bn giao cho ch tu, 01 bn cho thuyn
trng, bn giao v bn nhn mi bn mt bn;
18. Khi nhn tu ng mi, tu mi mua hay tu sa cha, my trng t chc
nghim thu, tip nhn phn my v in;
19. Nhim v trc ca ca my trng:
a) Nu trn tu khng b tr chc danh my t th my trng phi m nhim ca
trc ca my t;
b) Nu trn tu khng b tr chc danh my ba v my t th nhim v ca chc
danh do my trng v my hai m nhim theo s phn cng ca my trng.
Thuyn trng T an ton & sc kho

Thuyn trng: T trng
i ph: T vin
My trng: T vin
Thuyn ph hai: T vin
My hai: T vin
B phn My
B phn Boong
My trng
S quan boong (i ph, Ph
S quan my(My 1, My 2, My
2,Ph 3)
3)
S quan v tuyn ?
in trng?
Thu th trng
Th c
Thu th li (A, B, C)
Th my (A, B, C)
Thy th bo qun
Th bo qun
Bp trng
Phc v vin
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Cu 7: Hy nu danh mc nhng trang thit b quan trng (Shipboard Important
Equipments). Khi vn hnh, bo dng cc thit b ny cn ch g bo
m tin cy, an ton? Cho v d c th trn tu m bn cng tc
minh ha.
Yu cu:
- Nm c danh mc cc thit b quan trng trn tu
- Quy trnh vn hnh bo dng cc thitb
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- Nu v d c th
Hng dn tr li:
Nhng trang thit b quan trng trn tu thy (Shipboard Important Equipments) l
nhng trang thit b nu b trc trc hay h hng s nh hng trc tip ti tnh an ton
ca thuyn vin, tu, hng ha, mi trng, Danh mc nhng trang thit b quan trng
(Shipboard Important Equipments) c quy nh trong SMM:
- H thng, thit b an ton: cu sinh, cu ha
- H thng thit b phng chng nhim mi trng
- H thng my mc in hng hi, thng tin lin lc
- H thng my li
- H thng ti dy, ti neo
- My chnh v h thng iu khin my chnh
- T hp diesel lai my pht in v h thng iu khin
- H thng ni hi ph, ni hi kh x
- H thng trang thit b in
- H thng thit b lm hng, ng m np hm hng.
bo m tin cy, an ton cho cc h thng thit b quan trng, khi vn hnh,
bo dng cc thit b ny cn ch :
Ngi vn hnh, bo dng phi c trnh chuyn mn k thut.
c, hiu c im kt cu v nguyn l lm vic ca h thng thit b. Tun th cc
hng dn ca nh ch to.Ti liu k thut phi gn gng, ngn np. Cp nht.
Lp cc bng hng dn quy trnh, ch khi vn hnh ngi thc hin d thy, d
hiu, d nh.
Lp v thc hin tt cc k hoch bo dng theo hng dn v quy nh, duy tr
trng thi k thut ca cc trang thit b trng thi tt, sn sng hot ng
D tr vt t thay th- Lp, qun l vt t ph tng d tr cho h thng thit b.
Cc dng c chuyn dng y , tt. gn gng, ngn np, d thy, d ly.
nh k th, kim tra, nh gi, kp thi khc phc cc khim khuyt h hng.(trong
ca trc, hng ngy, tun, thng, qu, nm, quy nh ca HTQLAT, quy nh ca ng
Kim
Lp cc danh mc cn kim tra, trnh b st : Check List
Theo di, ghi chp nht k hot ng, bo dng, sa cha, s liu k thut cng tc.
Qun l, lu y .
nh k, th kim tra cc h thng thit b bo ng, bo v.
Hun luyn, thc tp, o to ngi vn hnh s dng c k nng tt.
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Thc hin tt h thng qun l an ton. Phi hp tt thuyn vin vi b phn qun l
trn b. T vn, cp nht thng tin k thut ca hng ch to.
Cho v d c th trn tu m bn cng tc minh ha.
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Cu 8: Nhng hot ng no trn tu l hot ng trong trng thi nguy him
Critical Shipboard Operations. Khi tu hot ng trong trng thi nguy
him, my trng cn lm g bo m an ton? Cho v d c th trn tu
m bn cng tc minh ha.
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc trng thi hot ng nguy him c ch dn trong S tay qun l
an ton.
- Nm c phng php x l khi tu hot ng trong trng thi nguy him.
- Cho v d c th
Hng dn tr li:
- Nhng hot ng trn tu c coi l hot ng trong trng thi nguy him Critical
Shipboard Operation hay Cc hot ng then cht ca tu Key Shipboard Operations
l nhng hot ng m cc sai st trong hot ng c th gy ra tai nn hay tnh hung
nguy him cho thuyn vin, tu, hng ha v mi trng, cc hot ng ny c quy
nh trong S tay h thng qun l an ton-SMM cho tng loi tu, c th l:
1-Man iu ng tu ri cng, vo cng.
2-Nhn, chuyn nhin liu, du bi trn.
3-Tu hot ng trong khu vc thi tit xu (tm nhn hn ch, sng gi, bo t, bng
gi),
4-Tu hot ng trong vng bin nc c su hn ch, lung lch hp, mt giao
thng cao, thiu hi
5-Hot ng lm hng.
6-Lm vic trong khng gian kn
7-Lm vic trn cao, ngoi mn
8-Cng vic hn, ct (Hot work),
9-Hot ng c nguy c gy nhim: thi nc la canh, thi rc, du thi, nc thi, kh
thi
10-Tu hot ng trong vng nghi ng c cp bin
Khi tu hot ng trong trng thi nguy him, my trng cn lu nhng yu t sau
bo m an ton:
12/158
-c, thc hin nghim ngt cc quy nh, hng dn quy trnh thc hin cc hot
ng ny trong SMM.
-Cng vic chun b, kim tra trc khi thc hin, bin php phng nga, kh nng
sn sng ng ph nu c tnh hung nguy him:
Departure/ Arrival Check list
Steering gear check list
Bunkering Plan, Bunkering Check list,
Training Bunkering Before Bunker,
Phn cng trc ca,
Working Permit (ourboard, aloft, Hort Work, Enter close space), Check list for ship in
special condition)
Nht k qun l rc
Nht k du
Nht k my, nht k boong
H s k thut, bn v, s
S lnh bm
-Kim tra gim st thc hin
-Kim tra, nh gi, rt kinh nghim sau khi thc hin
Cho v d c th trn tu m bn cng tc minh ha.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 9: Khi thuyn vin lm vic trong nhng iu kin c bit: ct hn, lm vic
trong khng gian kn, lm vic trn cao, lm vic vi in p cao, my
trng cn ch g? Nu qui trnh lm vic trong khng gian kn.
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc lu quan trng khi lm vic trong cc iu kin c bit.
- Nm c qui trnh lm vic trong khng gian kn
Hng dn tr li:
1. Khi thuyn vin lm vic trong nhng iu kin c bit, c nhiu yu t c th gy ra
tnh hung nguy him, tai nn nh: ct hn, lm vic trong khng gian kn, lm vic
trn cao, lm vic vi in p cao, my trng cn ch :
Thc hin quy trnh lm vic theo quy nh trong SMM:
Hp an ton trc khi lm vic: Nhim v, mc ch, xc nh, phn tch cc yu t
lin quan n mt an ton c bin php phng trnh, nhng ch cn thit, quy
trnh thc hin, b tr nhn lc, phn cng nhim v, gim st kim tra, th kim tra
hon thnh cng vic, nh gi rt kinh nghim.
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Kim tra, chun b y cc trang thit b bo h, dng c chuyn dng, thng tin
lin lc, thit b phng v khc phc s c, cc thng bo, bin bo, cnh bo
Kim tra, cho php thc hin cng vic: Cp giy php lm vic (Working Permit, Hot
work permit, Enclosed Space Entry Check list,.
Gim st, kim tra trong khi tin hnh cng vic, m bo thng tin lin lc.
Kim tra an ton, nh gi sau khi hon thnh cng vic, lp bin bn hon thnh cng
vic theo quy nh, kinh nghim cn lu
2. Nu qui trnh lm vic trong khng gian kn:
Khng gian kn: cc kt du, kt nc ngt, kt ba lat, kt cch ly, hm trc, khng
gian kn kh nng thng gi km,
Hp an ton trc khi lm vic: i ph l ngi chu trch nhim. Xc nh nhim
v, mc ch, xc nh, phn tch cc yu t lin quan n mt an ton c bin php
phng trnh: kh c, thiu oxy, nhng ch cn thit, k hoch thot ra ngoi khi c
nguy him, quy trnh thc hin, b tr nhn lc, phn cng nhim v, gim st kim
tra, th kim tra hon thnh cng vic, nh gi rt kinh nghim.
Kim tra, chun b y cc trang thit b bo h, dng c chuyn dng, thit b o
kh c- nng xy, thng tin lin lc, thit b phng v khc phc s c, mt n
phng c, bnh dng kh, n pin an ton, khng tt bt n trong khng gian kn,
cc thng bo, bin bo, cnh bo thng gi tt thi gian, o nng oxy kh
c phi bo m an ton cho ngi lm vic.
Kim tra, cho php thc hin cng vic: Enclosed Space Entry Check list, bo m an
ton, cp giy php lm vic (Working Permit)
Thng gi lin tc trong sut thi gian lm vic.
nh k o nng oxy, kh c. Khi o thi phi tm ngng thng gi.
m bo nh sng li vo v ni lm vic, loi n an ton, n pin d tr
Xc nh cn thit mang theo thit b th bay khng.
Sn sng cc thit b hi sc cp cu t ca, gn li vo
S lng ngi vo khu vc kn lm vic, kim tra phi hn ch va , bo m
ngi gim st, sn sng ng cu khi cn thit, mang y bo h, dng c, n pin,
dy an ton, dy lin h. Hiu r k hoch v hng dn thot ra ngoi.
C ngi cnh gii ngay ca
Cc thit b thng tin, thng nht knh, tn hiu thng tin, bo ng nguy him. Bo
m nhng ngi lm vic trong khng gian kn c th lin lc tt vi ngi cnh gii
v ngi chu trch nhim (C/E,C/O)
Gim st, kim tra trong khi tin hnh cng vic, m bo thng tin lin lc.
Nu c du hiu nguy him, nh hng n sc khe thuyn vin th phi bo tn hiu,
bo ng ngi lm vic ri khi khu vc an ton.
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Ch c vo li khi thc hic cc bc kim tra trn, bo m an ton.

Kim tra an ton, nh gi sau khi hon thnh cng vic, lp bin bn hon thnh cng
vic theo quy nh, kinh nghim cn lu
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 10: Ni dung c bn ca bin bn bn giao v nhn chc danh my trng trn

tu l g? Hng dn v mu bin bn bn giao c quy nh u?
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc ni dung c bn ca bin bn bn giao v nhn chc danh My
trng
- Nm c ton b ni dung ca S tay qun l an ton
Hng dn tr li:
Bn giao cc chc danh trn tu l mt vic quan trng ca thuyn vin bo m
cho vic iu khin mi cng vic trn tu vn bnh thng, cc thuyn vin mi nhp tu
c th tip nhn, hiu, vn hnh, kim tra bo dng cc trang thit b v con tu tt ngay
sau khi bn giao.
hng dn thuyn vin nhp tu v ri tu thc hin cng vic bn giao tt, bo
m cho vic iu khin mi cng vic trn tu vn bnh thng, trong S tay h thng
qun l an ton quy nh ni dung cng vic bn giao c th cho cc chc danh trn tu
mu hoc danh mc bn giao Check List for Handing Over.
Ni dung c bn ca bin bn bn giao v nhn chc danh my trng trn tu:
1-Tnh trng k thut cc h thng, my mc, thit b hin ti, s gi hot ng ca cc
thit b c bn, k hoch bo dng sa cha
2-Cc vn lin quan ti tai nn, h hng, kinh nghim xy ra trn tu, cc lu cn
thit
3- Cc vn lin quan ti du bi trn, vt t, ph tng thay th b phn my qun l.
4-Lng nhin liu, du bi trn cn li trn tu
5-Cc vn lin quan ti k hoch v cng vic sa cha, bo dng cc trang thit b,
bao gm c cc h s k thut sa cha
6-Cc bn v, ti liu k thut, cc ti liu v h thng qun l an ton
7-Cc nhim v ca my trng thc hin h thng qun l an ton trn tu.
8-Cc ti liu c kim sot, qun l ca my trng bo co thuyn trng, cng ty
9-Danh mc cc cng vic ang tin hnh v phi thc hin sm khc phc cc khim
khuyt, khng ph hp nu c.
10- Ti sn v chia kha phng
11-Tn cng, thi im, ngy gi bn giao
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12-H v tn v k xc nhn ca my trng bn giao v nhn bn giao,

13-Xc nhn ca thuyn trng.
14- Ghi vo nht k my.
15-Gi v lu vn bn theo quy nh.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 11: Trong qu trnh thc hin h thng qun l an ton trn tu, thy c s
khng ph hp hoc khng hiu qu trong h thng, Thuyn trng v
My trng cn phi lm g? Hy trnh by mt v d c th m Thuyn
trng hoc My trng tng thc hin trn tu.
Yu cu:
- Nm c H thng qun l an ton c trin khai trn tu
- Cho mt v d c th
Hng dn tr li:
Trong qu trnh thc hin h thng qun l an ton trn tu, nu thy c s khng ph
hp (Non-conformity) hoc khng hiu qu (Deficiency) trong h thng, Thuyn trng
v My trng cn phi thc hin theo Quy trnh bo co, phn tch v hnh ng khc
phc s khng ph hp, tai nn v tnh hung nguy him.
S khng ph hp (Non-conformity) hoc khng hiu qu (Deficiency) trong h
thng qun l an ton l cc khim khuyt c pht hin khi trin khai thc hin h
thng qun l an ton, mc d thc hin ng theo quy trnh c quy nh trong h
thng nhng km hiu qu, c th xy ra cc li, hoc xy ra tnh hung nguy him, tai
nn.
i vi s khng ph hp, khng hiu qu trong HTQLAT,Thuyn trng, My
trng v i ph iu tra tm nguyn nhn v bo co DP theo mu "Bo co s khng
ph hp " v Sot xt caThuyn trng - Master Review gi v Cng ty. DP chu
trch nhim tng hp, bo co gi cho nhng ngi c lin quan cng phi hp phn tch,
iu tra v thc hin cc hnh ng khc phc, thng bo cho cc tu khc (nu cn). Tu
theo tng trng hp, Gim c ch o cc phng lin quan cng vi Thuyn trng,
My trng phi hp phn tch, iu tra v thc hin cc hnh ng khc phc phng
nga.
DP xem xt cc nhu cu cp thit ca tu, ngh Gim c v cc phng lin quan
thc hin theo mu Bin bn sot xt cng tc qun l- Management Review Report.
DP chu trch nhim xem xt Yu cu sa i/ b sung/ hu b/, r sot
HTQLAT v trnh Gim c ph duyt cc sa i trong STQLAT khc phc cc
khim khuyt, s khng ph hp, khng hiu qu trong h thng qun l an ton. DP thu
xp thay i ti liu STQLAT b phn trn b v trn tu, cp nht ti liu sa i b
sung mi, hy b cc ti liu khng ph hp. Thuyn trng k xc nhn v t chc hp
an ton tu, thng bo cho cc b phn, thuyn vin v s thay i ny, khuyn khch
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thuyn vin ng gp kin tm ra nhng khim khuyt nu c khc phc, yu cu

thuyn vin c, hiu, k xc nhn, nm chc thc hin.
Cc ti liu c sa i, b sung cn ghi r ngy/ thng/nm sa i, b sung.
Cho v d minh ha:
Vic quy nh v trch nhim qun l, vn hnh, bo dng, sa cha trang thit b ca
b phn my v v b phn boong i vi cc thit b trn boong nh cc van balat v
h thng iu khin, cc van kt nc ngt, ti cu khng r rng c th c th gy
ra s xao nhng trong cng tc kim tra, bo dng, sa cha.
Sa i b sung quy trnh nhn du: quy nh v ly mu nhin liu, qun l mu nhin
liu
Sa i mt s mu bo co,.
Cc quy nh, danh mc cng vic cn bn giao gia cc chc danh khi thay thuyn
vin khng y .
Quy nh v cp trang b bo h lao ng, dng sinh hot, lm ngoi gi . khng
y , khng r rng.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 12: Cng c SOLAS 74 c a ra nhm mc ch g? Hy nu khi qut
nhng ni dung c bn v cc sa i b sung ca Cng c SOLAS 74.
Cho v d c th v vic thc hin theo Cng c SOLAS 74 trn tu m
bn cng tc.
Yu cu:
- Nm c mc ch ca cng c quc t SOLAS74
- Nm c cc ni dung c bn ca cng c quc t SOLAS74
- Cho v d c th
Hng dn tr li:
1. SOLAS (Safety of life at sea) l Cng c quc t v an ton sinh mng con ngi
trn bin, c hi ngh quc t do IMO t chc thng qua ngy 01 thng 11 nm
1974 v c hiu lc vo ngy 25 thng 5 nm 1980. n nay, Cng c c sa
i, b sung nhiu ln cho ph hp vi tnh hnh hin ti.
2. Ni dung chnh ca SOLAS gm:
Chng 1: Qui nh chung
- Qui nh cc quc gia tin hnh nh gi cc tu, cp cc giy chng nhn an ton,
kim sot vic thc thi cc qui nh ca SOLAS trn tu.
Chng 2-1: Kt cu Phn khoang v n nh, thit b ng lc v thit b in
- Qui nh v kt cu tu, s phn khoang, n nh, vic kn nc v vn lp t
in, cc my mc trn tup ng cc tnh trng khn cp xy ra.
Chng 2-2: Kt cu Phng chy, pht hin chy v dp chy
- Qui nh v cu trc tu tha mn vic ngn nga ha hon. Vic b tr thit b bo
chy v cha chy cn thit trn tu
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Chng 3: Phng tin cu sinh v b tr cu sinh

- Qui nh vic b tr cc thit b cu sinh, cu nn trn tu ph hp vi chng loi tu
Chng 4: Thng tin v tuyn
- Qui nh v lp t cc thit b thng tin lin lc trn tu(GMDSS) bao gm c thit b
h tr vic cu nn(EPIRBs), (SARTs)
Chng 5: An ton hnh hi
- Qui nh s h tr ca cc quc gia v dch v lin quan n an ton hng hi nh cung
cp kh tng, bng tri, lung chy tu, tm kim v cu nn trn bin.
- Qui nh v b tr nhn lc trn tu, lp t thit b theo di hnh trnh(VDRs) v
nhn bit s liu tu khc(AIS)
Chng 6: Ch hng
- Nu nhng ch khi chuyn ch hng ha c th gy nguy him cho tu v ngi
Chng 7: Ch hng nguy him
- (A) Qui nh v ch hng nguy him loi bao gi, bao gm nhn mc v ti liu lin
quan. Vic xp hng v cc ch dn cn thit
- (A1) Qui nh v ch hng nguy him ri th rn bao gm ti liu, yu cu xp hng,
ngn cch v yu cu bo co khi c s c.
- (B) Qui nh v yu cu kt cu tu v vic lp t thit b cho tu ch ha cht nguy
him th lng ph hp vi IBC code
- (C) Qui nh v yu cu kt cu tu v vic lp t thit b cho tu ch kh nn ha lng
ph hp vi IGC code
- (D) Qui nh c bit khi ch hng c tnh phng x ph hp vi INF code. V tun th
cc qui nh ch hng nguy him(IMDG code)
Chng 8: Tu ht nhn
- Qui nh v yu cu c bn i vi tu chy bng nng lng ht nhn. Nhng ch
nguy him v phng x
Chng 9: Qun l vn hnh an ton tu
- Qui nh v vn cng ty xy dng v duy tr qun l hot ng tu theo qui tc h
thng qun l an ton(ISM Code)
Chng 10: Cc bin php an ton cho tu cao tc
- Cc bin php an ton i vi phng tin chy tc cao
Chng 11: Cc bin php c bit nng cao an ton hng hi
- (1) Bin php c bit nng cao an ton
- (2) Bin php c bit nng cao an ninh
Chng 12: Cc bin php an ton b sung cho tu ch hng ri
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- Yu cu kt cu i vi tu hng ri c chiu di trn 150m .

3. Cho v d minh ha:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 13: Cng c STCW c a ra nhm mc ch g? Hy nu nhng ni dung
c bn ca Cng c STCW. Cho v d c th v vic thc hin theo Cng
c STCW trn tu m bn cng tc.
Yu cu:
- Nm c mc ch ca cng c quc t STCW78 sa i 2010
- Nm c cc ni dung c bn ca cng c quc t STCW78 sa i 2010
- Cho v d c th
Hng dn tr li:
1. Cng c STCW l Cng c quc t v nhng tiu chun hun luyn, cp bng v
trc ca cho thuyn vin- THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON
STANDARDS OF TRAINING, CERTIFICATION AND WATCHKEEPING FOR
SEAFARERS c T chc hng hi quc t IMO thng qua thng 7 nm 1978,
c sa i ln th nht nm 1995- STCW 78/95, sa i ln th hai vo nm 2010-
STCW 2010
- Cng c quc t v nhng tiu chun hun luyn, cp chng ch v trc ca cho ngi
i bin (STCW) nhm xc lp tiu chun nng lc i vi thuyn trng, cc s quan
v ngi trc ca trn nhng i tu bin.
Nhng ni dung c bn ca cng c l: STCW78 bao gm 2 phn: Phn Cng c
chung v cc Ph chng (Annex).
Phn Cng c chung bao gm 17 iu, quy nh v ngha v, phm vi p dng, k
kt, ph chun, gia nhp, hiu lc v v
Ph chng l b phn cu thnh ca Cng c. Ph bn gm 2 phn: Phn A v phn
B, mi phn gm 8 chng. Phn A trnh by v cc tiu chun phi theo, cn phn B
trnh by cc hng dn thc hin cc tiu chun . Trnh t cc chng nh sau:
Chng 1: Nhng tiu chun lin quan n nhng trang b chung.
Chng 2: Nhng tiu chun lin quan n Thuyn trng v cc s quan boong.
Chng 3: Nhng tiu chun lin quan n b phn My.
Chng 4: Nhng tiu chun lin quan n b phn Radio.
Chng 5: Nhng tiu chun lin quan n cc yu cu i vi con ngi trn nhng loi
tu c bit (tu du, tu ch ho cht, tu ch kh ho lng).
Chng 6: Nhng tiu chun lin quan n s c, an ton ngh nghip, y t v chc nng
sinh tn.
Chng 7: Nhng tiu chun lin quan n cc chng ch tng ng.
Chng 8: Nhng tiu chun lin quan n vic trc ca.
STCW78 sa i 2010
T ngy 21 n 25 thng 6 nm 2010, T chc hng hi th gii (IMO) chnh thc
thng qua B sung sa i Manila i vi Cng c v cc tiu chun hun luyn, cp
19/158
chng ch v trc ca (STCW) cng vi b lut lin quan. Cc b sung sa i ca STCW

s c hiu lc vo ngy 1 thng 1 nm 2012.
Trong s nhng sa i c thng qua, mt s nhng sa i quan trng i vi cc
chng ca Cng c v B lut bao gm:
- Nng cao cc bin php ngn nga cc hot ng gian ln lin quan n bng cp
chuyn mn v tht cht quy trnh nh gi (gim st s tun th ca cc thnh vin
Cng c).
- Sot xt li cc yu cu v gi lm vic v ngh ngi; cc yu cu mi v ngn nga
vic lm dng ru bia v ma ty, cng nh cp nht cc tiu chun lin quan sc
khe ca thuyn vin.
- Nhng yu cu mi v cp chng ch cho thuyn vin nng lc (able seafarers hay
AB).
- Nhng yu cu mi lin quan n o to v cng ngh tin tin nh h thng thng
tin v hi in t (ECDIS).
- Nhng yu cu mi lin quan n o to nhn thc v mi trng v o to v cch
lnh o v lm vic nhm.
- Nhng yu cu mi v o to v cp chng ch cho s quan k thut-in t.
- Cp nht yu cu v nng lc i vi thuyn vin lm vic trn cc loi tu kt, bao
gm c nhng yu cu mi i vi thuyn vin lm vic trn cc tu ch kh ha
lng.
- Nhng yu cu mi lin quan n o to an ninh, cng nh cc iu khon m
bo thuyn vin c hun luyn y i ph trong trng hp tu b cp bin
tn cng.
- Gii thiu phng thc o to tin tin bao gm o to t xa v o to qua mng.
- Hng dn mi v o to cho thuyn vin lm vic trn cc tu hot ng vng
cc.
- Hng dn mi v o to cho thuyn vin vn hnh cc h thng nh v ng
(Dynamic Positioning hay DP).
2. Cho v d c th.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 14: Cng c MARPOL 73/78 c a ra nhm mc ch g? Hy nu khi

qut nhng ni dung c bn v cc sa i b sung ca Cng c
MARPOL 73/78. Cho v d c th v vic thc hin theo Cng c
MARPOL 73/78 trn tu m bn cng tc.
Yu cu:
- Nm c mc ch ca cng c quc t MARPOL 73/78
- Nm c cc ni dung c bn ca cng c quc t MARPOL 73/78
- Cho v d c th
Hng dn tr li:
20/158
1. MARPOL (Marine Pollution) l Cng c quc t v ngn nga nhim do tu gy ra, c

hi ngh quc t v nhim bin do IMO t chc nm 1973. Sau cng c ny c sa
i b sung bng ngh nh th 1978 v c t chc hng hi quc t IMO thng qua.
2. Nhng quy nh cp n cc ngun gy ra nhim khc nhau t tu c nu trong 6 ph
lc ca cng c. Cng c Cng c MARPOL 73/78 t khi c hiu lc v c p
dng n nay c nhiu ln b sung sa i ph hp vi s pht trin ca ngnh
hng hi v p ng nhng yu cu v ngn nga nhim v bo v mi trng
3.Ni dung cng c:
Cng c gm 2 phn: Phn u ca cng c l nhng quy nh chung, phn sau ca
cng c l cc ph lc.
Nhng qui nh chung nu cc ngha v chung i vi cng c, phm vi iu chnh,
qui tc tham gia hoc hy b v.v
NI DUNG CA CC PH LC NH SAU:
- Ph lc 1: Cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim do du (Hiu lc t 10/1983): Thi
du Oil record book; Giy chng nhn IOPP.
- Ph lc 2: Nhng qui nh v ngn nga nhim do vic ch x cc cht lng c.
(Sa i nm 1989, 1992, 1994)
- Ph lc 3: Nhng qui nh v ngn nga nhim do vic ch cc cht c hi trong
bao gi. (Hiu lc t 7/1992)
- Ph lc 4: Nhng qui nh v ngn nga nhim do nc thi t tu. (Hiu lc t
9/2003)
- Ph lc 5: Nhng qui nh v ngn nga nhim do rc thi t tu.(Hiu lc t
12/1988, sa i nm 1989, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1995).
- Ph lc 6: Nhng qui nh v ngn nga nhim do kh thi t tu. (Hiu lc t
nm 2005).
1.Quy nh v ngn nga nhim do du
- Cc nh ngha, v khi nim du, tu du, thit b ch du, b gn nht, vng c
bit, cng thi du tc thi, nng du trong nc thi,
- Quy nh v kim tra v chng nhn, GCN IOPP
- Quy nh v kt cu tu du, tu hng, cng trnh bien, thit b cha du, h thng
phn ly du nc
- Quy nh v thi du i vi tu du, khng phi tu du, cc cng trnh bin c
nh, di ng
- Quy nh v Nht k du, k hoch ng ph phng chng, ngn nga, khc phc
nhim du
2.Quy nh v kim sot nhim do ch hng x cht lng c
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- Quy nh chung, Quy nh v Phn loi cht lng c, Kim tra v chng nhn, Thit
k, kt cu, b tr v thit b, Hot ng thi cn cc cht lng c, Bin php kim
sot ca chnh quyn cng, Ngn nga s c nhim cht lng c,K hoch ng cu
nhim cht lng c do tu gy ra, Phng tin tip nhn, Mu nht k lm hng ca
cc tu ch x cht lng c....
3.Cc quy nh v kim sot nhim do chuyn ch bng ng bin cc c hi
trong bao gi
4.Cc quy nh v ngn nga nhim do nc thi t tu
-Quy nh v qun l rc, x l, thi rc
-Bng ch dn, k hoch qun l rc v nht k rc
5.Cc quy nh v ngn nga nhim khng kh do tu gy ra
-Quy nh chung, Phm vi p dng, Cc nh ngha:
-Kim tra, chng nhn v bin php kim sot
Cc yu cu v kim sot pht thi t tu
-Cht lm suy gim tng ozn (Hydro-chloro fluoro cacbons (HCFCs)
-S nht k cc cht lm suy gim tng ozn
-Cp hoc xc nhn GCN quc t v ngn nga nhim khng kh (IAPP)
-Quy nh v t cht thi trn tu, loi cht thi cm t trn tu, loi cht thi c
t trn tu, vng c php t,Quy nh v c tnh k thut ca l t...
Cho v d c th v vic thc hin theo Cng c MARPOL 73/78 trn tu m bn
cng tc.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 15: B lut ISPS Code c a ra nhm mc ch g? Hy nu khi qut
nhng ni dung c bn ca B lut ISPS Code.
Yu cu:
- Nm c mc ch ca b lut ISPS Code v nhng ni dung c bn ca b lut
Hng dn tr li:
Hng nm, nn cp bin lm thit hi rt ln cho ngnh hng hi th gii v e
da nghim trng n tnh mng ca thuyn vin. Nht l sau s kin 11/9/2001 ti M
buc cng ng hng hi th gii phi xem xt n vn an ninh hng hi. Vit nam c
tu HONG SN SUN b cp vng bin Somani nm 2010.
Mc ch chnh ca cc v cp bin l ti chnh, chng ly hng ho, bt ngi i
tin chuc. Cc v khng b l v cc mc tiu chnh tr, th hn dn tc hoc tn gio
Sau thm ha 11 thng 9 nm 2001 M, phin hp ln th 22 ca IMO vo thng 11
nm 2001 thng nht vic a ra cc quy tc an ninh mi. IMO ph chun vic pht
trin cc bin php mi lin quan ti an ninh tu v bn cng bng cch t chc Hi ngh
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vo thng 12 nm 2002 cho cc quc gia k kt cng c quc t v s an ton sinh mng
trn bin nm 1974 (Hi ngh ngoi giao). Vic t chc c s kin ny ch trong vng
hn 1 nm nh du n lc quan trng i vi IMO. N cng th hin mc nghim
trng ca cc tnh hnh cng nh nh bo v hng hi quc t khi cc mi e da v
s c an ninh.
Hi ngh ngoi giao trong thng 12 nm 2002 sa i b sung Cng c SOLAS
74. Nhng sa i b sung ny c hiu lc t 01/07/2004. Phn tm tt ca nhng sa
i ny s c thc hin cng vi nhng thay i ca chng V, nhng nhn mnh s
thay i trong chng XI, iu 3 v 5 v chng XI-2 mi, iu 1-13 v b lut quc t
v an ninh an ninh tu v bn cng: ISPS- INTERNATIONAL SHIP AND PORT
FACILITY SECURITY CODE .
Mc ch ca B lut ny l:
1-Thit lp mt khun kh quc t lin quan n hp tc gia cc Chnh ph K kt,
cc C quan ca Chnh ph, chnh quyn a phng v ngnh cng nghip vn ti bin
v cng nghip cng pht hin cc mi e da an ninh v thc hin cc bin php
phng nga i vi cc s c an ninh nh hng ti tu hoc bn cng c s dng
trong thng mi quc t;
2-Thit lp vai tr v trch nhim ca cc Chnh ph K kt, cc C quan ca Chnh
ph, cc chnh quyn a phng v ngnh cng nghip vn ti bin v cng nghip cng,
tng ng cc cp quc gia v quc t m bo an ninh hng hi;
3-m bo vic thu thp sm, hiu qu v trao i nhng thng tin lin quan n an
ninh;
4-a ra mt phng php lun nh gi an ninh c c cc k hoch v qui
trnh p ng c vic thay i cp an ninh; v
5-m bo chc chn rng cc bin php an ninh hng hi y v ph hp sn
sng.
Nhng mc ch ny phi t c bng cch ch nh cc s quan/ nhn vin thch hp
trn mi tu, trong mi bn cng v trong mi cng ty vn ti bin chun b v trin khai
cc k hoch an ninh c ph duyt cho mi tu v cng.
Ni dung ca B lut ny l:
- Ngh quyt s 2 ca Hi ngh thng qua B lut Quc t v An ninh Tu v Bn cng
(b lut ISPS) (thng qua ngy 12 thng 12 nm 2002)
- Phn A: Cc yu cu bt buc ca B lut Quc t v An ninh Tu v Bn cng lin
quan n cc iu khon ca chng XI-2 ca Cng c Quc t v An ton sinh mng
con ngi trn bin, 1974
1- Gii thiu: Qui nh chung, nh ngha, Phm vi p dng
4- Trch nhim ca Chnh ph K kt
5- Cam kt an ninh
6- Ngha v ca Cng ty
7- An ninh Tu
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8- nh gi An ninh Tu
9- K hoch An ninh Tu
10-Bin bn
11- Nhn vin An ninh Cng ty
12- S quan An ninh Tu
13- o to, hun luyn v thc tp an ninh tu
14- An ninh Bn cng
15- nh gi An ninh Bn
16- K hoch An ninh Bn cng
17- Nhn vin An ninh Bn cng
18- o to, hun luyn v thc tp an ninh bn cng
19- Thm tra v chng nhn tu
Mu Giy chng nhn Quc t v An ninh Tu bin
Mu Giy chng nhn Quc t v An ninh Tu bin Tm thi
-Phn B: Hng dn lin quan n cc iu khon ca Chng XI-2, Ph lc Cng c
quc t v an ton sinh mng con ngi trn bin 1974, c sa i v
Phn A ca B lut ny.
1. Gii thiu: Qui nh chung,Trch nhim ca cc Chnh ph k kt,Thit lp cp an
ninh, Cng ty v Tu, Bn cng,Thng tin v trao i thng tin
2. nh ngha,
3. Phm vi p dng
4. Trch nhim ca Chnh ph K kt:
- nh gi an ninh v k hoch an ninh,
- C quan c thm quyn,
- T chc an ninh c cng nhn
- Thit lp cp an ninh
- Cc im lin lc v thng tin trong K hoch An ninh Bn cng
- Ti liu nhn dng,
- Cng trnh bin c nh hoc di ng v dn khoan di ng ti v tr lm vic,
- Cc tu khng yu cu p dng phn A ca B lut ny,
- Nguy c e da tu v cc s c khc trn bin
- Tha thun an ninh thay th
- Bin php tng cho bn cng
- Mc nh bin
- Cc bin php kim sot v tun th
- Tu ca quc gia khng phi l Thnh vin v tu di Cng c
5. Cam kt An ninh
6. Ngha v ca Cng ty
7. An ninh Tu
8. nh gi An ninh Tu, nh gi an ninh, Kim tra an ninh ti hin trng
9. K hoch An ninh Tu: Qui nh chung,T chc v thc hin cc nhim v an
ninh tu, Tip cn tu, Cc khu vc hn ch trn tu.
- Cung cp d tr cho tu
- X l hnh l giTheo di an ninh ca tu
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- Cc cp an ninh khc nhau, Nhng hnh ng B lut khng cp

- Cam kt an ninh,
- nh gi v sot xt
10. Bin bn
11. Nhn vin An ninh Cng ty
12. S quan An ninh Tu
13. o to, hun luyn v thc tp an ninh tu.......o to, Hun luyn v thc
tp
14. An ninh Bn cng
15. nh gi An ninh Bn cng
- Qui nh chung
- Xc nh, nh gi nhng ti sn v c s h tng quan trng cn bo v
- Xc nh cc mi e da tim tng i vi cc ti sn, c s h tng v kh nng
xy ra thit lp v t mc u tin cho cc bin php an ninh
- Xc nh, la chn, t mc u tin cho cc bin php i ph v cc thay i th
tc v mc hiu qu ca chng trong vic gim kh nng b tn hi
- Xc nh kh nng b tn hi
16. K hoch An ninh Bn cng
- Qui nh chung
- T chc v thc hin cc nhim v an ninh bn cng
- Tip cn bn cng
- Cc khu vc hn ch trong bn cng
- Lm hng
- Cung cp d tr cho tu
- X l hnh l gi
- Kim sot an ninh ca bn cng
- Cc cp an ninh khc nhau
- Nhng hot ng B lut khng cp
- Cam kt an ninh
- nh gi, sot xt v b sung sa i
- Ph duyt K hoch An ninh Bn cng
- Giy chng nhn Ph hp ca Bn cng
17. Nhn vin An ninh Bn cng
18. o to, hun luyn v thc tp an ninh bn cng
19. Thm tra v chng nhn tu
Mu Cam kt an ninh gia tu v bn cng,
Mu Giy chng nhn Ph hp ca Bn cng.
Ngh quyt s 1 ca Hi ngh: Thng qua b sung sa i Ph lc ca Cng c quc t
v An ton Sinh mng Con ngi trn Bin, 1974
B sung sa i cc chng V v XI ca SOLAS 1974
Cc ngh quyt khc ca Hi ngh
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Cu 16: Cng c MLC 2006 c a ra nhm mc ch g? Hy nu khi qut

nhng ni dung c bn Cng c. Cho v d c th v vic thc hin theo
Cng c MLC trn tu m bn cng tc.
Yu cu:
- Nm c mc ch ca cng c MLC 2006
- Nm c ni dung chnh ca cng c MLC 2006
- Cho v d v vic thc hin cng c trn tu
Hng dn tr li:
1. Cng c Lao ng hng hi, 2006 (Maritime Labor Convention) c gi tt l

"MLC " c T chc Lao ng quc t (ILO) thng qua ngy 23/02/2006. Cng
c ny a ra mt tiu chun mi, mang tnh ton din i vi lnh vc lao ng
hng hi th gii.
2. Cng c a ra cc yu cu ti thiu v iu kin tuyn dng thuyn vin, s gi lm

vic v ngh ngi trn tu, khu vc sinh hot, phng tin gii tr, vic cung cp lng
thc, thc phm cho thuyn vin, bo v sc kho v chm sc y t cho thuyn vin,
phc li v an sinh x hi cho thuyn vin, quy nh i vi dch v tuyn dng v
thay th thuyn vin, vic kim tra v cp Giy chng nhn Lao ng hng hi cho tu,
v vic kim tra, thanh tra ca Chnh quyn tu mang c v Chnh quyn cng lin
quan n lao ng hng hi trn tu.
Ni dung ca Cng c bao gm 5 danh mc:
1. Cc yu cu ti thiu i vi thuyn vin lm vic trn tu
2. iu kin lm thu
3. iu kin phng , phng tin gii tr, cung cp lng thc, thc phm
4. Bo v sc khe, chm sc y t, tr cp v bo him x hi
5. Ph duyt v hiu lc
Cc yu cu ti thiu i vi thuyn vin lm vic trn tu:
- Yu cu v tui i ti thiu: 16 tui (18 tui cho nhng cng vic ban m v cc
cng vic trong khu vc nguy him)
- Sc khe ph hp: Thuyn vin phi c sc khe lm vic, c cp cc chng
ch y t theo qui nh ca STCW.
- Hun luyn: Thuyn vin phi c hun luyn v cng vic chuyn mn ca mnh
cng nh v an ton lao ng.
- Tuyn m v b tr lao ng: Cc c quan tuyn m lao ng cc quc gia thnh
vin hoc cc quc gia treo c phi c cc qui trnh sp xp ph hp, c ng k v
phi c cc qui trnh khiu kin v n b nu cc yu cu khng c tha mn.
iu kin lm thu:
- Hp ng phi r rng, hp php v cc tha thun tp th phi cht ch (nu c).
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- Tin cng: Tin lng phi c tr ti thiu theo hng thng v c th c chuyn
v cho gia nh mt cch nh k th theo nguyn vng.
- Ngh ngi: S gi ngh ngi c th hin y theo lut php ca mi quc gia
nhng s gi lm vic ti a khng c vt qu 14 gi trong mi ngy v 72 gi
trong mi tun hoc 10 gi trong mi ngy v 77 gi trong mi tun. Ngoi ra, mi
ngy phi c ngh ngi ti thiu 6 gi lin tc.
- Ri tu: Cc thuyn vin c ri tu hng nm nh trn b.
- Hi hng: Thuyn vin s c min ph trong qu trnh tr v ni c tr.
- Tn tht: Nu mt con tu b mt hoc b chm, thuyn vin phi c bi thng
mt khon ph hp.
- Qun l thuyn vin: Mi con tu phi c mt cp qun l ph hp.
iu kin phng , phng tin gii tr, cung cp lng thc, thc phm:
- Phng : Phng sng v lm vic phi m bo nng cao sc khe thuyn vin.
Trang thit b phi m bo yu cu ti thiu cho cc loi phng khc nhau (Phng n,
phng gii tr, phng ng v.v)
- Thc phm v cung cp thc phm: Thc phm phi m bo c v cht lng v s
lng, k c nc ung phi c qui nh trong cc quc gia mang c. Thm vo ,
nu n phi c hun luyn ph hp.
Cng c MLC s c hiu lc sau 12 thng k t ngy c t nht 30 Thnh vin chim
33% tng dung tch i tu th gii ng k ph chun. D kin Cng c MLC c th
c ph chun vo na u ca nm 2012 v c thc thi vo nm 2013.
4. Cho v d c th trn tu v vic thc hin theo Cng c MLC
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 17: nh gi, nhn xt thuyn vin nh th no qun l thuyn vin tt v
hiu qu? Hy nu cc phng php nh gi thuyn vin trn tu. Cho v
d minh ha.
Yu cu:
- Nm c nng lc v o c ca thuyn vin.
- Nm c cc tiu chun nh gi thuyn vin
Hng dn tr li:
- qun l thuyn vin tt v hiu qu cn phi c s hiu bit v mi thuyn vin
nhiu kha cnh, to iu kin con ngi pht huy ht kh nng tim n, gim lng ph
ngun lc, tng hiu qu ca cng vic v phi c nhng nh gi v nhn xt chnh xc,
trung thc v kh nng chuyn mn v o c tc phong ca thuyn vin..
- Phng php nh gi thuyn vin c th cn c vo cc tiu ch sau:
+ Kh nng chuyn mn.
+ Sc khe.
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+ Trnh ngoi ng, tin hc.

+ Kh nng bao qut, phi hp v qun l cng vic.
+ S mn cn trong cng vic, tip nhn v thi hnh mnh lnh.
+ Mc nhy bn trong cng vic, trong x l tnh hung.
+ Kh nng giao tip, ng x.
+ Kh nng truyn t v tip nhn thng tin.
+ o c, li sng v vic chp hnh ni qui trn tu.
+ Mc hiu bit v ISM code, cc cng c quc t lin quan (STCW, MARPOL,
SOLAS).
- Cho v d minh ha.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 18: Phn cng trc ca, bo qun cho thuyn vin da trn c s no? Cho v d
minh ha.
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc nguyn tc b tr ca trc v trc ca theo qui nh ca cng c quc t
STCW78 sa i 2010.
- Nm c kh nng ca thuyn vin.
Hng dn tr li:
- Vic b tr trc ca ca cc s quan my trong bt k thi gian no phi tha ng s
hot ng an ton ca tt c cc my mc c ch t ng v bng tay, v phi
thch hp vi tnh hung v iu kin thng thng.
- Khi quyt nh b tr ca trc ca cc s quan my c th bao gm c cc th my c
nng lc thch hp, s phi tnh n:
1. Loi tu, chng loi v tnh trng k thut ca my mc.
2. Gim st mt cch tha ng bt k lc no s hot ng an ton v hiu qu ca ton
b my mc.
3. Bt k mt ch hot ng c bit no c thng bo v tnh trng khai thc
nh thi tit, bng gi hoc nc bn.
4. Nng lc v kinh nghim ca cc s quan trc ca.
5. S an ton ca cuc sng, ca con tu, hng ha, bn bi v bo v mi trng.
6. S tun th cc iu lut quc t, quc gia v a phng.
7. Vic bo dng duy tr hot ng bnh thng ca con tu.
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- Cho mt v d minh ha v b tr ca trc trong iu kin thng thng v trong mt

ch c bit nh thi tit xu, bng gi hoc nc bn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 19: K hoch bo dng tu hng nm (Ship Maintenance Plan) c lp ra
da trn c s no, c dng lm g? Ai c trch nhim son tho, ph
duyt? Cho v d c th v vic trin khai, thc hin theo K hoch bo
dng trn tu m bn cng tc.
Yu cu:
- Nm c k hoch bo dng tu hng nm theo qui nh ca h thng qun l an
ton ca c quan qun l tu.
- Nm c qui trnh bo dng cc trang thit b trn tu
Hng dn tr li:
Trong h thng qun l an ton c quy trnh bo dng, sa cha cc trang thit b
trn tu phi c thc hin theo K hoch bo dng tu (Ship Maintenance Plan) cho
1nm c lp ra trc vo thi im cui ca nm trc.
K hoch bo dng tu (Ship Maintenance Plan) cho 1 nm c lp trn c s
sau y:
-Theo chu k bo dng cc chi tit, thit b ca hng ch to: theo s gi hot ng,
hng ngy, tun , thng, nm
-Theo tin v kt qu thc hin k hoch ca nm trc.
-Theo tnh trng k thut thc t, iu kin khai thc, hot ng ca cc trang thit b,
my mc,
-Theo k hoch, chu k kim tra ca c quan ng kim
-Theo quy nh ca h thng qun l an ton, cng c quc t.
K hoch bo dng tu (Ship Maintenance Plan) c chia thnh hai b phn
My v Boong.
My trng chu trch nhim lp K hoch bo dng tu nm k tip cho b phn
my (Ship Maintenance Plan for Engine Department) vo thi im cui nm hin ti.
K xc nhn.
i ph chu trch nhim lp K hoch bo dng tu nm k tip cho b phn
Boong (Ship Maintenance Plan for Deck Department) vo thi im cui nm hin
ti. K xc nhn.
Thuyn trng tng hp, kim tra v k xc nhn, gi v Phng k thut cng ty
qun l tu. Phng qun l tu xem xt nu c ngh chnh sa hay b sung th thng
nht li vi BCH tu. Sau PKT ph duyt, k ng du xc nhn tin hnh thc
hin v theo di.
K hoch bo dng tu (Ship Maintenance Plan) c lp thnh 4 b gi cho:
PKT cng ty, Thuyn trng, My trng v i ph thc hin v lm c s cho
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vic lp k hoch bo dng sa cha cho ngy, chuyn, thng chia thnh hai b phn
My v Boong
Cho v d c th v vic trin khai, thc hin theo K hoch bo dng trn tu m
bn cng tc:
-Lp k hoch bo dng sa cha cho chuyn ( cng, hnh trnh, neo u)
-Lp k hoch cng vic cho ngy (Daily work)
-Hp an ton tu trc chuyn i, thng bo k hoch bo dng sa cha cua cc b
phn, chnh sa, thng nht phi hp thc hin.
-Phn cng cng vic hng ngy, kim tra, gim st, nh gi kt qu hon thnh theo
k hoch.
-Lp bo co cng vic hon thnh theo quy nh Monthly maintenance report: cng
vic theo k hoch, ngoi k hoch,
-nh du cng vic hon thnh vo bn k hoch bo dng tu. Bo co thuyn
trng ti cng ty theo quy nh
-Cc bo co khc c lin quan.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 20: K hoch kim tra bo dng cc trang thit b trn tu theo chuyn c
lp da trn c s no v lp nh th no? Cho v d minh ha.
Yu cu:
- Nm c k hoch bo dng cc trang thit b trn tu theo chuyn.
- Nm c qui trnh bo dng cc trang thit b trn tu.
Hng dn tr li:
trin khai thc hin k hoch bo dng tu ca nm, My trng, i ph v
thuyn trng lp ra k hoch c th ngn hn theo chuyn thun tin cho vic thc
hin. K hoch ca mt chuyn c chia ra theo cc chuyn nh theo k hoch chy tu:
Chuyn s XX :
- Hnh trnh t cng A n cng B: AT SEA
- cng B n khi kt thc chuyn (gm c neo ch lm hng): IN PORT
Ni dung k hoch bo dng sa cha ca chuyn c lp ra trn c s:
K hoch bo dng tu ca nm ti thng, cng vic tn t trc
Theo k hoch thi gian, tuyn hnh trnh, iu kin thi tit, lut a phng, iu
kin cu cng, neo u...bo m cng vic c thc hin an ton, hiu qu, khng
nh hng ti k hoch khai thc tu.
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Theo chu k bo dng cc chi tit, thit b ca hng ch to: theo s gi hot ng,
hng ngy, tun , thng, nm
Vt t, ph tng d tr.
Theo tin v kt qu thc hin k hoch ca chuyn trc.
Theo tnh trng k thut thc t, iu kin khai thc, hot ng ca cc trang thit b,
my mc,
Theo k hoch, chu k kim tra ca c quan ng kim
Theo quy nh ca h thng qun l an ton, cng c quc t.
Phng php lp k hoch chuyn cng (AT SEA)
- Xc nh thi gian tu hnh trnh t A n B, iu kin thi tit, vng bin...
- Xc nh cng vic thc hin khi tu hnh trnh t A n B vo cc ngy ph hp,
lu cc ngy ngh Th By v Ch Nht trn c s nu trn.
- Phi hp cng vic gia b phn Boong v My
- Lu ti k hoch i nc balat, thc tp cu sinh, cu ha,...
- Cng vic kim tra trc khi n cng
- Cng vic giy t phi bo co v hon thnh trc khi n cng
Phng php lp k hoch chuyn cng (IN PORT)
- Xc nh thi gian tu neo, lm hng cng B, iu kin thi tit, vng bin, lut a
phng...
- Xc nh cng vic thc hin khi tu cng B vo cc ngy ph hp, lu cc ngy
ngh Th By v Ch Nht trn c s nu trn.
- Phi hp cng vic gia b phn Boong v My
- Lu ti k hoch x nc balat, lm hng, kim tra ca PSC, i b ca thuyn vin
- Cng vic kim tra trc cng v trc khi ri cng
- Cng vic giy t phi bo co v hon thnh trc khi ri cng
Cho v d c th v lp k hoch bo dng tu chuyn i trn tu m bn cng
tc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 21:Cc hng mc bo dng sa cha cn thc hin khi tu ln dock c lp
trn c s no? My trng cn lm g gim khi lng cng vic v
thi gian tu sa cha dock?
Yu cu:
- Trnh by cc c s lp cc hng mc bo dng sa cha cn thc hin khi tu
ln dock
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- Trnh by k hoch thc hin cc cng vic ca my trng trong qu trnh khi
thc v trc, trong khi tu ln gim khi lng cng vic v thi gian tu sa
cha dock?
Hng dn tr li:
a/ Cc c s lp cc hng mc bo dng sa cha cn thc hin khi tu ln dock
Chu k sa cha trn dock: trung gian, nh k, bt thng
Danh mc kim tra phn cp tu ang khai thc ca C quan ng kim.
Cc hng mc n k kim tra ng kim trng vi thi gian sa cha trn dock:
hng nm, trung gian, nh k, cc khuyn co ca ng kim.
Danh mc trng thi kim tra tu (SURVEY STATUS): danh mc thi hn kim tra
phn cp, danh mc thi hn kim tra theo lut, danh mc kim tra thit b nng,
cc khuyn ngh, lu , thng bo ca c quan ng kim.
Danh mc kim tra lin tc phn my (CMS)
Cc hng mc sa cha thc hin trn dock ln gn nht v trc .
K hoch v thi gian ln dock.
Cc hng mc hon ci mc ch s dng, hon ci thit b, lp t b sung, ph
hp vi quy nh v cng c quc t sa i, p dng
K hoch bo dng tu hng nm.
Tnh trng k thut ca cc thit b trong danh mc phi kim tra.
Tnh trng k thut thc t ca cc thit b khng trong danh mc kim tra cn phi
sa cha trn dock.
S theo di tnh trng k thut ca cc trang thit b cn kim tra sa cha, hon
ci, b sung khi tu ln dock c pht hin v lp trong qu trnh khai thc tu.
Bng theo di tnh trng k thut hin ti ca cc thit b my mc d kin s c
sa cha trn .
Cc hng mc c th thc hin khi tu con ang khai thc, trc khi ln v sau khi
xung dock.
Vt t, ph tng, dng c chuyn dng cn thit thay mi, d tr ca cc thit
b;
Kh nng cung cp vt t, thit b ca nh my ca nh my sa cha tu
Nng lc ca nh my sa cha tu, nh thu
b/ Cc cng vic cn lm ca my trng gim khi lng cng vic v thi gian tu
sa cha dock?
- Chi nht k, s liu k thut cng tc y , nh k kim tra, ly mu ha nghim cht

lng du bi trn trc chn vt, du bi trn tun hon ng c, du thy lc ca ti cu,
du my li... , lu v phn tch cc kt qu ha nghim v khuyn co ca hng ch to,
chuyn gia nh gi trng thi k thut ca cc thit b, trnh ng kim xc nh
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hng mc cn phi lm v hng mc c min tho kim tra qua kt qu phn tch mu
du bi trn v cc thng s cng tc trc v hin ti.
- Phi hp vi b phn boong, Thuyn trng, Phng k thut, lp k hoch v t chc
thc hin cc hng mc cn kim tra, bo dng sa cha trong h thng CMS m My
trng c quyn kim tra, lp bo co Chief Engineer Survey Report khi c iu
kin thun li trong chuyn khai thc ca tu;
- Cng vi cc s quan, thuyn vin lp sm cc hng mc vt t, dung c chuyn dng...
cn cp thay mi, d tr Ch tu kp cp, sn sng s dng khi cn thit trong qu
trnh sa cha trn dock, c bit la cc vt t, ph tng phi mt nhiu thi gian cp,
trnh phi dng cng vic ch vt t ph tng.
- My trng phi phi hp tt b phn boong ( C/O, Capt, BSN...) v phng k thut
ch tu kho st chi tit, lp cc hng mc cn sa cha, bo dng khi tu ln dock;
(lp trc thi im ln dock t 3 n 6 thng)
- Lp quy trnh a tu ln dock, xung dock (h thy), phn cng trch nhim, cng vic
cho cc s quan, th my. Gim st, kim tra chc chn cng tc chun b tt, bo m an
ton khi tu ln/ xung dock;
- Chun b y cc dng c chuyn dng, o c.. trng thi tt phc v sa cha.
- Chun b y cc ti liu k thut, bn v (photo), h s k thut sa cha ln trc
phc v sa cha.
- Cng vi cc b phn boong, phng k thut, cn b ng kim, nh my ng tu, cc
nh thu thng nht cc hng mc kim tra, bo dng sa cha. Lp tin thc hin k
hoch sa cha trn dock, thng bo cho cc bn co lin quan phi hp cng thc
hin, tranh chng cho, cn tr, ch i ph thuc vo nhau lm chm tin .
- Phi nm c k hoch hng ngy, phi theo di gim st tin thc hin cc cng
vic, hng mc pht sinh, cc kh khn, thun li cng vi cc bn phi hp trao i, gii
quyt trong cc cuc hp giao ban c s tham gia y ca cc bn lin quan. Thng
nht cc phng n kim tra sa cha hp l v hiu qu nht.
- Tham gia y cc bui hp giao ban hng ngy cng vi nh my, n c cc b
phn thc hin cc cng vic ng vi k hoch t ra.
- Phn cng cc s quan ph trch, thuyn vin cng tham gia kim tra, gim st, nghim
thu tng phn tt cc hng mc sa cha;
- Phi hp tt v to iu kin tt nht chocn b k thut ch tu, cn b ng kim
kim tra, cn b-cng nhn nh my sa cha tu, nh thu ph....
- Lp k hoch v b tr hp l cc s quan, th my thc hin mt s hng mc kim
tra, sa cha bo dng.
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Cu 22: Th tu ti bn nhm mc ch g? Trnh by tm tt nhng ni dung quan
trng nht v quy trnh th ti bn i vi my chnh ca tu.
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Yu cu:
- Nu mc ch ca vic th tu ti bn
- Trnh by ni dung quan trng nht v quy trnh th ti bn i vi my chnh ca tu
Hng dn tr li:
1- Mc ch ca vic th tu ti bn:
- Kim tra nh gi s lp t ng, lm vic tt t yu cu k thut, m bo an ton
ca cc trang thit b trc khi th ng di (sau ng mi, sa cha ln): S kn nc
tuyt i ca cc phn thay tn v tu, cc van ng lp rp di mn nc (van thng
bin, thng mn), cc thit b lm kn trc chn vt, bnh li, my li, cc my mc thit
b bung my, cc my mc thit b trn boong (neo, ti, cu ng m np hm hng), cc
thit b cu sinh cu ha.v.v. m c bit l i vi my chnh. Th my chnh ti bn l
cng vic quan trng nht ca th tu ti bn.
- Kt qu nh gi th tu ti bn l c s cho php th tu ng di.
2- Ni dung quan trng nht v quy trnh th ti bn i vi my chnh ca tu.
Lp k hoch v quy trnh th my chnh ti bn
- Thi gian, a im, thnh phn tham gia
- Cc bn phc v th my chnh ti bn: cu, dy buc, tu lai, h thng thng tin
- H thng my mc trn boong
- H thng iu khin, gim st, phc v my chnh sn sng
- Cc thit b o, kim tra cn thit.
- Quy trnh th my chnh theo quy phm, c ng kim v nh my ng tu ph
duyt. (cc ch th, thi gian, cng vic cn o kim tra, ghi s liu i vi mi
ch th, cc biu mu ghi s liu nh gi, chuyn tip cc bc th.)
+ Th khi ng (s ln c th khi ng / chai gi, khng np thm, p sut chai gi
+ Th o chiu, vo ra li hp, o chiu bc chn vt
+ Th chy khng ti (tc min~ tc cho php)
+ Th ti (quy i ra tc quay chn vt, tc quay my chnh): 25 %, 30%, 50%,
60%, 70%~ 100% ty theo c tnh , chng loi ng c, chn vt nh bc hay
bin bc
- Thc hin theo k hoch v quy trnh th, nh gi kt qu cho c s th tu
ng di, lp h s k thut, bin bn th my chnh ti bn, k hoch khc phc
cc khim khuyt, th li nu cn.
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Cu 23: Th tu ng di nhm mc ch g? Trnh by nhng ni dung quan
trng v quy trnh th tu ng di.
Yu cu:
- Nu mc ch ca vic th tu ng di.
- Trnh by ni dung c bn v quy trnh th tu ng di
Hng dn tr li:
a, Mc ch ca vic th tu ng di:
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Mc ch c bn ca th tu ng di kim tra, nh gi s lm vic thc t ca ton

b v tu v cc trang thit b trn tu sau ng mi, sa cha ln bo m an ton v
tha mn cc yu cu k thut trc khi bn giao a tu vo khai thc:
-S rung ng ca v tu, vng vng quay cng hng
-c tnh tc ca tu vi vng quay chn vt/ bc chn vt
-c tnh quay tr ca tu.
-Qun tnh ca tu.
-c tnh man iu ng tu, my chnh ( khi ng ti, li, li khn cp khi ang
hnh trnh- crash astern, iu khin s c)
-H thng trang thit b ca h ng lc: my chnh v h thng iu khin, h thng
li, h trc, chn vt, h thng t hp diesel lai my pht in, h thng phc v, ni hi,
.
-H thng neo
-H thng my mc in hng hi, la bn t, thng tin lin lc .v.v.
-H thng cu sinh, cu ha
b, Nhng ni dung quan trng v quy trnh th tu ng di
Lp k hoch v quy trnh th tu ng di
- Thi gian, a im, vng bin th, hnh trnh th, thnh phn tham gia
- K hoch nhn nhin liu, du bi trn, nc ngt, thc phm v cc vt t, thit
b, nhu yu phm d tr cn thit
- Cc thit b dng c o, kim tra cn thit cho cc hng mc th theo quy trnh.
- Quy trnh th ng di c lp theo quy phm, c ng kim v nh my
ng tu ph duyt. (cc ch th, thi gian, cng vic cn o kim tra, ghi s
liu i vi mi ch th, cc biu mu ghi s liu nh gi, chuyn tip cc
bc th.)
1- Th ch ma n iu ng tu
+ Th khi ng (s ln c th khi ng / chai gi, khng np thm, p sut chai gi
+ Th o chiu, vo ra li hp, o chiu bc chn vt
+ Th chy khng ti (tc min~ tc cho php)
+ My chnh dng nhin liu nng (i nhin liu, khng i nhin liu)
2- Th , kim tra rung ng v tu
3- Th, kim tra vng quay cng hng, xc nh vng vng quay cng hng
4- Th hnh trnh cc ch ti (vng quay) theo quy nh (quy i ra tc quay
chn vt, tc quay my chnh): 25 %, 30%, 250%, 60%, 70%~ 100% ty theo
c tnh , chng loi ng c, chn vt nh bc hay bin bc. o, kim tra cc
thng s, kt hp kim tra rung ng v tu, thn my, h trc, b chn, b
trung gian, b lm kn trc chn vt, chn vt, my mc in hng hi, thng tin lin
lc Ghi li kt qu theo cc biu mu lp sn.
5- Th qun tnh tu.
6- Th li khn cp khi ang hnh trnh- crash astern
7- Th c tnh quay tr
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8- Kim tra, hiu chnh lch la bn t

9- Th h thng neo
10- Th h thng cu sinh, cu ha
+ Thc hin theo k hoch v quy trnh th, nh gi kt qu th tu ng di, lp h
s k thut, bin bn th ng di, k hoch khc phc cc khim khuyt, th li
nu cn.
+ Cc s liu, h s k thut, bin bn th ng di c cc bn lin quan k xc
nhn, l c s khc phc khim khuyt nu c, v bn giao tu.
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Cu 24: Th ti cc t hp diesel lai my pht in nhm mc ch g? Trnh by

quy trnh th ti cc t hp diesel lai my pht in.
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc thng s c bn ca mt t hp diesel lai my pht hot ng c lp
v song song;
- Quy trnh th thit b v th tu;
Hng dn tr li:
Th ti cc t hp diesel lai my pht in nhm mc ch xc nh kh nng pht huy
cng sut, tnh trng k thut, cht lng lm vic song song, cc thit b bo ng bo v
... ca diesel-my pht v cc thit b lin quan.
Quy trnh th ti cho mt t hp diesel lai my pht in bao gm ng thi th ti i
vi ng c diesel v my pht ch lm vic c lp v lm vic song song.
i vi ng c diesel, vic th ti nhm xc nh mt s chc nng nh kh nng
cng tc ca ng c, b iu tc, bo ng, bo v (qu tc, p sut du, ...), ... v cc
thng s cng tc, tiu th nhin liu, ... i vi tng mc ti.
i vi my pht in, cc bc th c bn nht bao gm:
- Th khng ti, xc nh cc thng s v cch in, in p, tn s;
- Th cc mc ti n nh, lm vic c lp (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, th qu ti 110%,)
trong thi gian quy nh, ghi li cc thng s; so snh vi yu cu k thut, nh gi (
st tn s, in p, tnh n nh, cc thng s nhit , p sut, Pz, ch s ti
- Th ti ng, lm vic c lp, cc mc (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, th qu ti 110%,)
(p ng ca my pht vi thay i ph ti; ghi li cc thng s; so snh vi yu cu k
thut, nh gi ( st tn s, in p, thi gian phc hi, cc thng s nhit , p sut,
Pz, ch s ti
- Th cc mc ti n nh, lm vic song song (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, th qu ti
110%,) trong thi gian quy nh, ghi li cc thng s; so snh vi yu cu k thut, nh
gi ( st tn s, in p, tnh n nh, lch ti tnh, cc thng s nhit , p sut,
Pz, ch s ti
- Th ti ng, lm vic song song, cc mc (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, th qu ti
110%,) (p ng ca my pht vi thay i ph ti; ghi li cc thng s; so snh vi yu
cu k thut, nh gi ( st tn s, in p, lch ti ng, thi gian phc hi, cc
thng s nhit , p sut, Pz, ch s ti tc dng, phn tc dng
- Th ti ng t ngt khi 2 my ang lm vic song song, 1 my mang ti, my kia
khng mang ti, ngt t ngt my ang mang ti ra khi li in cc mc (50%,
75%, 100%,). Kim tra p ng ca 2 my vi nhn ti/ mt ti t ngt, ghi li cc
thng s; so snh vi yu cu k thut, nh gi ( st/ tng tn s-tc ln nht,
in p, thi gian phc hi, cc thng s nhit , p sut, Pz, ch s ti
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- Th cc chc nng t ng: ha ng b, phn chia ti, sang ti, qun l ngun, t ng
iu chnh tn s li, t ng b sung/ ngt bt my pht nu c.. ghi li cc thng
s; so snh vi yu cu k thut, nh gi
- Th cc chc nng ca AVR, bo ng, bo v diesel lai, my pht: qu tc, dng s c,
cng sut ngc, qu ti, tn s cao/thp, in p cao/ thp.
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Cu 25: Hy trnh by v th h thng my li trc khi h thy tu. Cho v d c
th v mt check list i vi my li trc khi tu chy (khi hnh-
departure) v trc khi tu v cng (arrival).
Yu cu:
- Trnh by c th t cc bc th h thng my li trc khi h thy tu.
- a ra c mt v d v mt check list vi my li trc khi tu hnh trnh (Pre-
departure steering gear check list).
- a ra c mt check list v my li trc khi tu cp cng (Arrival steering gear
check list)
Hng dn tr li:
1-Th t cc bc th h thng my li trc khi h thy tu:
Chun b th h thng my li:
- Kim tra mc du trong kt cha du ca h thng my li thy lc;
- Kim tra s lp t hon thin ca h thy lc tc ng: mt, bm, mot thy lc,
xilanh lc, ng ng, van; c cu phn hi, cc p k
- Kim tra s lp t hon thin ca h thy lc iu khin: mt, bm, mot thy lc,
xilanh lc, ng ng, ng/ m cc van; c cu to tn hiu iu khin, phn hi, cc
p k
- Kim tra cch in ca ng c in lai bm;
- Bi trn bng m hoc du du bi trn cc khp ni, khp quay v cc khp truyn
ng ca my li;
-X kh h thy lc, khc phc mi r lt du nu c.
- Kim tra cc ngun in cp cho h thng my li v cc bo ng khi mt in ngun
my li;
- Th, kim tra cc mch bo ng, bo v: mc du trong kt thp, qu ti, mt ngun,
chuyn i ngun
-Th h thng thng tin lin lc.
-Kim tra thit b ch bo gc bnh li
Th h thng my li trc khi tu h thy:
- Chuyn cng tc iu khin my li sang v tr iu khin ti bung my li.
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- Khi ng bm my li ti v tr trong bung my li;

- X kh trong cc xilanh lc ca my li;
- iu khin my li ti v tr trong bung my li kim tra kn ca cc ng du, cc
van iu khin;
- iu khin my li ti ch kim tra nh gi s lp t ng ca h my li: ng
tm cc xi lanh thy lc, cc xi lanh thy lc, cc khp ni, trc-bc tr li, gc b li
ti a
Sau khi th my li ti bung my li thy my li hot ng bnh thng th tin hnh
chuyn sang ch iu khin t xa trn bung li.
- Kim tra tc b li t 350 mn phi sang 350 tri hoc ngc li, thi gian b li ny
phi di 28 giy vi 1 my li;
-Kim tra chnh xc ca kim ch bo gc li v ca phn t phn hi gc li; Hiu
chnh li nu cn thit.
-Kim tra bo ng khi mt ngun my li trn bung li.
Sau khi th ht cc ch li, tc b li v gc b li m my li hot ng tt th
kt thc cng vic th my li trc khi h thy tu.
b. Cho v d v mt check list i vi my li trc khi tu khi hnh (Pre-departure
steering gear check list)
a ra mt check list cc bc th my li trc khi tu khi hnh m bo khi
tu hnh trnh th my li lun trong trng thi hot ng tt:
Thi gian th my li (thi gian th my li phi thc hin trc khi tu khi hnh
t nht 12 gi);
Nu cc cng vic kim tra i vi my li;
Nu th t cc bc th my li;
Nu cc ch th my li;
Khi kim tra my li theo th t check list th phi tch vo check list cc bc
kim tra v trng thi hin ti ca my li;
Khi kim tra ht cc bc theo check list m khng c vn g xy ra i vi my
li th c th khng nh my li trong trang thi hot ng tt.
c, Cho v d v mt check list i vi my li trc khi tu v cng (Arival steering
gear check list)
Phi a ra c mt check list cc bc th my li trc khi tu v cng (ph hp
vi chng loi, kt cu ca h thng li) m bo khi tu hnh trnh v cng th my li
lun trong trng thi hot ng tt nh:
Thi gian th my li;
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Cc cng vic th, kim tra i vi my li (h thng thy lc, h thng in,
ngun d tr, ngun in iu khin, du iu khin, bo ng mt ngun, t ng
chuyn i ngun d tr, ch bo gc li, li s c, gc li, thi gian b li, h
thng thng tin.)
Cc bc kim tra, th my li;
Cc ch th my li;
Khi kim tra cc bc theo check list m khng c vn g xy ra i vi my li
th c th khng nh my li trong trng thi hot ng tt.
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Cu 26: Cc lu khi trin khai kim tra, sa cha i vi h trc chn vt khi tu
ln dock. Trnh by quy trnh kim tra i vi h trc kiu simplex trc
khi h thy.
Yu cu:
- Trnh by cc lu khi trin khai kim tra, sa cha h trc chn vt khi tu ln dock.
- Quy trnh kim tra i vi h trc kiu simplex trc khi h thy.
Hng dn tr li:
1- Cc lu khi kim tra,sa cha h trc chn vt khi tu ln dock
Trc khi ln dock
- Kim tra gy, lch ti bch ni gia my chnh vi trc trung gian (h trc di)
hoc vi bch ni trc chn vt (i vi h trc ngn khng c on trc trung gian). Mt
s tu hin nay ngi ta s dng phng php cn lc kim tra ;
- Vi h trc c hp s th phi kim tra gy, lch gia mt bch gia my chinh vi
hp s, gia hp s vi trc trung gian;
- Kim tra co bp trc khuu ng c diesel;
- Kim tra mn bc trc chn vt ( st ca trc chn vt);
- Kim tra khe h du bi trn trc trung gian;
- Tm hiu k b lm kn h trc chn vt, nu lm kn kiu Trt (gland packing) phi
kim tra mc lm kn, kh nng lm mt b lm kn bng ng nc ngoi, cc l
dn nc lm mt. i vi b lm kn kiu simplex kim tra mc r nc, r du
- Lp bin bn kt qu o, k xc nhn cc bn cng kim tra.
Sau khi ln dock:
- Kim tra khe h bc trc chn vt
- Kim tra kch thc cc c trc, cong vng cc on trc trung gian,
- Kim tra kch thc ng bao, bmt, mi mn, xm thc, giong lm kn
- Kch thc c trc, cong vng trc chn vt;
- Kim tra n mn, xm thc, bin dng, nt cnh chn vt; (micro check colour)
- Kim tra b mt cn, cn trn trc chn vt;
- Kim tra b mt cn, cn trn l chn vt;
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- Kim tra bm cn gia l chn vt vi cn trc chn vt; r cn trc v l cn chn

vt. Khi tho/lp chn vt khng then, chu quy trnh p cn chn vt phi c thng qua
cc bn lin quan v thc hin ng quy trnh.
- Kim tra cc ng nc lm mt, du bi trn,
-B lm kn, c trc/ng bao v tr lm kn
-Tnh trang v kn ca sm kh nu c
- Lp bin bn kt qu o, kim tra, k xc nhn cc bn cng kim tra
- Lp bin bn thng nht chuyn cng ngh, phng n sa cha
Sau khi h thy:
- Kim tra gy, lch ti bch ni gia my chnh vi trc trung gian (h trc
di) hoc vi bch ni trc chn vt (i vi h trc ngn khng c on trc
trung gian). Mt s tu hin nay ngi ta s dng phng php cn lc kim
tra ;
- Vi h trc c hp s th phi kim tra gy, lch gia mt bch gia my
chinh vi hp s, gia hp s vi trc trung gian;
- Kim tra co bp trc khuu ng c diesel;
- Tm hiu k b lm kn h trc chn vt, nu lm kn kiu Trt (gland packing)
phi kim tra mc lm kn, kh nng lm mt b lm kn bng ng nc
ngoi, cc l dn nc lm mt. i vi b lm kn kiu simplex kim tra mc
r nc, r du
- Lp bin bn kt qu o, k xc nhn cc bn cng kim tra.
2. Quy trnh kim tra i vi h trc kiu simplex trc khi h thy.
- Kim tra ng tm h trc: gy lch
- Kim tra kch thc, b mt c trc, b mt bc, khe h du bc trc chn vt.
- Kim tra tnh trng cc c ti v tr tip xc vi pht lm kn
- Kim tra khe h du cc trung gian bc truc
- i vi b lm kn trc/ sau: th kn bng kh nn;
- Kim tra kt nc lm mt;
- X/ du vo kt trng lc v kt du bi trn;
- Kim tra ng du lm kn theo cc cp s c pht lm kn pha nc;
- Kim tra b lm kn s c
- Via trc kim tra ng tm, r r du;
- Khi chc chn mi cng vic lp t, kim tra tha mn yu cu k thut, ta lp/ hn p
chn rc, dao ct li bo b pht lm kn;
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Cu 27: Th ti ti cu nhm mc ch g? Trnh by nhng ni dung quan trng
nht trong quy trnh th ti cc ti, cu.
Yu cu:
- Trnh by c mc ch ca vic th ti ti, cu.
- Trnh by c cc ni dung quan trng nht trong quy trnh th ti, cu.
Hng dn tr li:
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1-Mc ch ca vic th ti ti, cu: (nh k 4 nm/ ln, th sau lp mi, sau sa cha)
- bit c cc tnh nng, kh nng cng tc, thng s k thut, cng tc ca cc ti,
cu.
- nh gi tnh trng k thut ca h thng, thit b, a ra phng n khai thc hoc bo
dng, sa cha. (lp mi, nh k, sau bo dng sa cha)
- Bit c ti trng ti a ca cc ti, cu quyt nh ti trng an ton ca cc ti
cu trong qu trnh khai thc.
- nh gi tnh trng k thut v s hot ng ca cc thit b bo ng, bo v
2. Quy trnh th ti ti, cu
Th ni b
Mc ch ca vic th ni b l kim tra xem cc ti cu sn sng cho vic th ti
hay cha. Cng vic th ni b bao gm cc bc sau:
- Kim tra chung ton b h thng sau sa cha lp rp t yu cu. Np du, xkh.
- Chy th khng ti, kim, tra th kn ca h thng, khc phc ngay nu c;
- Kim tra rung ng ca h thng; khc phc ngay nu c bt thng.
- Th cc tnh nng hot ng ca h thng nh th ng kim, dng ti th ca tu theo
thc t. Chu p sut cng tc hiu chnh van an ton cho hp l, cc chc nng ca
h thng bo ng, bo v, hn v nng h cn, hn v tt cn, hn v dy cp, tc lm
vic ca ti, cu cc cp tc , kh nng hm ( t hm, c phanh thy lc)
Sau khi thy cc bc th ni b m cc ti cu tha mn th cho php th ng kim
cc ti, cu.
Th ng kim ti, cu
Mc ch ca vic th ng kim l khng nh kh nng lm vic ca ti cu.
Vic khng nh ny c xc nhn bi c quan ng kim i vi cc ti cu . Cng
vic th ti ny gm cc bc sau:
Kim tra chung ton b h thng, cc thit b ch bo, nh gi, cho php th ti.
Chun b ti th;
Kim tra tc nng, treo ti th kim tra kh nng hm, nng cn, tt cn sang
gc ti a cho php, a v v tr ban u
Th ti theo tng bc t thp n cao;
Th ti ti a ca ti, cu; Ch p sut cng tc, p sut m van an ton.
Th kh nng hm ca cc ti cu ;
Th tnh nng ca cc ti cu ti ti a;
Th kn ca h thng;
Th cc gii hn ca thit b;
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Th cc chc nng bo ng, bo v ca thit b.

Lp bin bn s liu th, kim tra, nh gi, kt lun, k xc nhn ca cc bn kim
tra. Sau khi cc bc th t yu cu th ng kim s cp giy chng nhn kh nng hot
ng ca thit b.
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Cu 28: Trn tu thy thng c trang b nhng thit b s c no? Kim tra
nh k cc thit b s c nh th no bo m cc thit b s c lun
trng thi tt, sn sng hot ng? (nh k, ni dung kim tra, cch kim
tra)
Yu cu:
- Nm c ton b cc thit b s c trn tu.
- Nm c qui trnh khai thc vn hnh, kim tra, bo dng cc my mc thit b s c.
Hng dn tr li:
- Nhng thit b, my mc s c trn tu gm:
+ My pht in s c.
+ My li s c.
+ Bm cu ha s c.
+ My nn gi s c.
+ H thng c qui v chiu sng s c.
- m bo cc thit b s c lun trng thi tt v sn sng hot ng cn bo dng
nh k, kim tra v th ng qui trnh. C th:
+ My pht in s c: Kim tra v th hng tun. Ni dung kim tra gm: Kim tra h
thng iu khin c ch t ng v bng tay (khi ng bng tay, khi ng t ng,
t ng cung cp in cho h thng, t ng ngt in ra khi li v t ng dng);
Kim tra tnh trng cc h thng phc v (h thng khi ng, h thng nhin liu, h
thng bi trn, h thng lm mt)
+ Bm cu ha s c: Kim tra v th hng tun. Ni dung kim tra gm: Kim tra tnh
trng chung ca bm, chy th v kim tra bm chn khng ht mi, kim tra p sut
ht v y ca bm, ting n... Kim tra phun th 2 vi phun.
+ c qui v h thng chiu sng s c: Kim tra hng tun. Ni dung kim tra gm: Kim
tra kh nng np y, kim tra in p, kim tra mc dung dch v nng dung dch
nu l c qui axit, kim tra dung dch d tr, kim tra tnh trng chung ca bung
cha...Vi h thng chiu sng s c phi c th nh k, kim tra tnh trng cc n
chiu sng s c ti cc v tr qui nh (theo SOLAS).
+ My li s c: c kim tra v chy th trc khi tu hnh trnh. Ni dung kim tra
gm: Kim tra ngun in, kim tra mc du trong kt v s r r nu l my li thy
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lc, kim tra h thng bo ng bo v, h thng thng tin lin lc, la bn t hoc la
bn truy theo...Th, kim tra li s c.
+ My nn gi s c: (C th c loi chy bng ngun in s c hoc nn th cng bng
tay). Kim tra v chy th hng tun. Ni dung kim tra gm: Kim tra tnh trng
chung, kim tra th hot ng, kh nng nn kh, nu chy bng in.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 29: Trn tu thy thng c trang b nhng thit b cu sinh no? Kim tra
nh k cc thit b cu sinh nh th no bo m cc thit b cu sinh
lun trng thi tt? (nh k, ni dung kim tra, cch kim tra)
Yu cu:
- Nm c ton b cc trang thit b cu sinh trn tu.
- Nm c qui trnh vn hnh cng nh phng php s dng cc thit b cu sinh
Hng dn tr li:
- Cc trang thit b cu sinh trn tu gm:
+ Xung cu sinh.
+ Cc phao b cu sinh
+ Cc phao trn c nhn
+ o phao c nhn
+ Cc qun o chng lnh c bit
- m bo cc thit b cu sinh lun trng thi tt cn phi kim tra nh k, th
v bo dng ng qui trnh, ghi nht k kim tra, bo dng:
+ Xung cu sinh: Xung cu sinh phi c kim tra v th my hng tun, kim tra
du t, du nhn v c qui khi ng ng c. nh k hng thng phi tin hnh
thc tp cu sinh, nng h xung cu sinh, th khi ng my, th h thng li xung,
kim tra cc d tr trn xung, 3 thng mt ln phi h xung cu sinh xung nc
v iu ng trn mt nc theo ng qui nh ca mi ln thc tp cu sinh. Ch s
lng, hn dng ca cc thit b trong xung.
+ Cc phao b cu sinh: Kim tra chung tnh trng thit b bn ngoi, b nh thy tnh,
cc cn h b cu sinh.... Cc phao b cu sinh c kim tra nh k bi cc trm
dch v theo qui nh v gim st ca ng kim. Ch hn dng ca cc thit b.
+ Cc o phao cu sinh c nhn phi c ng ni quy nh, phi c kim tra trong
mi ln thc tp cu sinh, kim tra tn hiu n, ci ca o, kim tra tnh trng chung
ca o.
+ Cc qun o chng lnh: phi c ng ni quy nh, phi c kim tra trong mi
ln thc tp cu sinh, kim tra tn hiu n, ci ca o, kim tra tnh trng chung ca
o.
+ Cc phao trn c nhn phi c ng ni quy nh, phi thng xuyn c bo
qun tt. Ch cc dy lin h, hn dng cc pin, n pin, thit b km theo...
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Cu 30: Tu bin c th gy ra nhng nhim no i vi mi trng? Hy nu
nhng ngun c th gy nhim mi trng t hot ng tu bin.
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc ngun gy nhim mi trng t tu.
- Nm c cc qui nh ca MARPOL v ngn nga nhim t tu
Hng dn tr li:
- Tu bin c th gy ra cc ngun nhim mi trng bin v nhim khng kh:
+ nhim do du
+ nhim do vic ch x cc cht lng c
+ nhim do ch cc cht c hi trong bao gi
+ nhim do nc thi t tu
+ nhim do rc thi t tu
+ nhim khng kh do cc loi kh thi t tu.
- Nhng ngun c th gy nhim mi trng t hot ng tu bin:
+ nhim do du c th c to ra t tu do vic bm la canh bung my, la canh hm
hng ca nhng tu ch du, do du trn trong qu trnh vn chuyn v giao nhn.
+ nhim do vic ch x cc cht lng c v nhim do ch cc cht c hi trong bao
gi c th c to nn do vic bay hi, khuch tn, giao nhn v cc rc thi bao gi.
+ nhim do nc thi t tu l nc thi t cc nh v sinh, nh tm, t bung bnh
vin hoc t cc bung cha ng vt ti sng.
+ nhim do rc thi t tu: Do vic thi cc loi rc trn tu: Thuc y t, ha cht, pin,
giong m, ph liu, plastic, gi, giy, kim loi, thy tinh, chai, l, gm s, tro x...
+ nhim do kh thi t tu: Kh x t ng c, ni hi, my t rc, cc loi kh c th
gy ph hy tng zon,
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 31: Trnh by cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim do du. gim kh nng gy
nhim du, my trng cn lm g?
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc qui nh ca MARPOL, ph lc I: Cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim do
du.
- Nm chc cu to, nguyn l hot ng v cc yu cu k thut ca cc thit b v h
thng x l du thi: H thng la canh, my phn ly du nc.
Hng dn tr li:
- Cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim do du: Vic thi nc c ln du ra bin b cm
mt s khu vc v b mt s hn ch cc khu vc khc. Tu phi tho mn mt s yu
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cu nht nh v kt cu v trang thit b ca h thng thi nc c ln du, trn tu phi

c nht k du. Tu phi c kim tra v cp giy chng nhn tho mn yu cu ca
Ph lc I. Cc cng yu cu phi c cc phng tin tip nhn hn hp du v cn du.
- Vic x nc c ln du ra bin cc tu hng c qui nh: i vi nc la canh
bung my, ngoi khu vc c bit v tu hnh trnh cch b trn 50 hi l: Khng c
thi, tr cc trng hp sau:
(1)Tu ang hnh trnh, v:
(2) Hm lng du trong dng thi khng qu 15 ppm, v
(3) Tu phi c h thng theo di v kim sot thi du (OMD) hoc thit b lc du hay
thit b khc tho mn Qui nh 16, Ph lc I v.
(4) i vi tu ch du, nc ln du y tu khng phi l t bung bm hng hoc
c trn ln vi cn hng.
- i vi cc qui nh khc (tu du hoc tu ang trong vng c bit): xem qui nh ca
ph lc I- MARPOL.
- gim kh nng gy nhim do du, My trng ngoi vic nm chc ton b qui
nh ca ph lc I- MARPOL cn phi nm chc cu to, nguyn l hot ng ca ton
b h thng la canh my phn ly du nc. Ngoi ra cn gng mu chp hnh cc qui
nh ca MARPOL, ph bin, nhc nh mi thuyn vin chp hnh qui nh v ngn
nga nhim do du.
- Gi v sinh bung my, trn boong sch, khc phc ngay mi r r du nu c
- Qun l, x l, tn dng du thi, du v sinh
- Qun l v phn loi rc, x l rc ng quy nh
- Vn hnh cc thit b chng nhim ng quy trnh. Cc quy trnh vn hnh, bin bo,
cnh bo, du hiu phi r rng, y .
- Th, kim tra, bo dng cc thit b chng nhim lun trng thi tt.
- Thc hin tt k hoch thc tp chng nhim du, SOPEP, nhn du...
- Thc hin tt quy trnh nhn du, chuyn du.
- Cc vt t, thit b cho SOPEP phi y , tt, lun sn sng.
- Ch cc khay hng du, nt x y
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 32: Trnh by cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim do kh thi t tu. gim
kh nng gy nhim khng kh, my trng cn lm g?
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc qui nh ca MARPOL, ph lc VI: Cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim
do kh thi t tu.
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- Hiu r cu to, nguyn l hot ng v cc yu cu k thut ca cc thit b gy

nhim khng kh, c ch to ra cc thnh phn gy nhim khng kh: NO x, SOx, cc
thnh phn mui...
Hng dn tr li:
a. Cc cht ph hy tng zn:
- Cm s dng cc cht Chlorofluorocacbons (CFCs) trong cc my lnh, iu ha c
lp t trn cc tu hin c v tu ng mi t 06/11/1992. Tuy nhin, cht
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) c th tip tc c s dng (R22) cho n
01/01/2020
- Cm s dng cc cht Halon trong cc thit b lp t di tu hin c v tu ng
mi t 01/7/1992
b. Kim sot NOx:
Yu cu:
- Cc ng c phi c cp giy chng nhn v ngn nga nhim kh thi quc t
(Engine International Air Pollution Prevention EIAPP Certificate)
- Cc nh my ch to ng c phi th kim tra nng NOx trc khi xut xng.
- Khi ci tin nhng phn ng k ca ng c cng phi tun theo iu lut v NOx.
Cc ti liu v ng c:
- H s K thut (Technical file): Cc thng s v cc yu t nh hng n vic pht
thi NOx, bao gm: Cc gi tr NOx o c, kt cu ng c, qui trnh kim tra nng
NOx, 1 bn coppy Giy chng nhn v ngn nga nhim kh thi ng c quc t
(EIAPP certificate).
- S ghi chp cc thng s ca ng c: Vic ci t v cc thng s kt cu c th nh
hng ti vic pht thi NOx.
c. Vic pht thi SOx:
- T 01/01/ 2012: Hm lng Lu hunh trong nhin liu khng vt qu 3,5%
- T 01/01/2020: Hm lng Lu hunh trong nhin liu khng vt qu 0,5%.
- Trong khu vc hn ch pht thi SOx (Baltic sea, North sea, English channel): T
01/07/2010 khng vt qu 1%; T 01/01/2015 khng vt qu 0,1%
- Khi tu vo khu vc hn ch pht thi SOx phi chuyn nhin liu s dng sang loi c
hm lng Lu hunh thp nh yu cu v phi ghi vo nht k my nhng vn sau:
Hm lng Lu hunh trong nhin liu; Ngy, thi gian v v tr tu khi bt u ra sch
tt c nhin liu c hm lng Lu hunh vt qu 1,0% cng nh ngy, thi gian v v
tr tu khi bt u s dng nhin liu mi c hm lng Lu hunh ph hp; Khi
lng nhin liu c hm lng Lu hunh ph hp ang cha trong kt nhin liu.
- gim kh nng gy nhim khng kh, My trng ngoi vic nm chc ton b qui
nh ca ph lc VI- MARPOL cn phi hiu r cu to, nguyn l hot ng v cc yu
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cu k thut, vn hnh ng quy trnh cc thit b gy nhim khng kh, c ch to ra

cc thnh phn gy nhim khng kh: NOx, SOx, cc thnh phn mui...
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 33: Trnh by cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim do rc thi t tu. gim
kh nng gy nhim bin do rc thi, my trng cn lm g?
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc qui nh ca MARPOL, ph lc V Cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim do
rc thi t tu.
- Phn loi rc, kim sot cht ch vn thi rc
Hng dn tr li:
1.Cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim do rc thi t tu:
Vic thi rc ra bin b cm hoc b hn ch nh sau:
- Cm thi bt k loi rc cht do no ra bin, gm c li nh c, dy thng bng vt
liu tng hp v ti ng rc bng nha;
- Cc vt liu k, chn lt v bao gi ni c ch c php thi khi tu cch b trn 25
hi l.
- Cc thc n thi v cc loi rc khc (gm giy, thu tinh, kim loi, gi vi, chai l,
s. v.v...) Khng c php thi cch b di 12 hi l tr khi chng c mi hoc
nghin c th i qua li c kch thc mt li khng qu 25 mm. Tuy cc loi rc
c mi hoc nghin nh vy, nhng vic thi vn phi thc hin cch b trn 3 hi
l.
- Trong cc vng c bit, vic thi rc b cm, tr ph thi thc n, ph thi thc n cng
ch c thi cch b trn 12 hi l.
Cc hn ch b sung ca Ph lc V c p dng cho cc cng trnh ngoi khi c
nh hay di ng v cc tu khc nm trong vng bn knh 500 m t cc cng trnh ny.
Ti liu yu cu phi c trn tu:
- Cc tu c chiu di t 12 m tr ln phi c bn hng dn thi rc.
- Cc tu c tng dung tch t 400 tr ln phi c bn K hoch qun l rc v Nht k
rc.
2. gim kh nng gy nhim bin do rc thi, my trng phi:
Nm chc ton b qui nh ca ph lc V- MARPOL thc hin.
Cn phi xy dng h thng cha cc loi rc, phn loi rc, kim sot cht ch vn
x l rc, thi rc.
Kim tra, nhc nh thuyn vin c thc vi vic x rc, phn loi, x l rc ng
quy nh (cc thng cha phn loi rc, nhng ni thch hp....)
Duy tr trng thi k thut cu cc thit b x l rc lun trng thi tt
Vn hnh thit b t rc ng quy trnh.
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Cu 34: Trnh by cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim do nc thi t tu. gim

kh nng gy nhim bin do nc thi, my trng cn lm g?
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc qui nh ca MARPOL, ph lc IV: Cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim
do nc thi t tu.
- Nm chc cu to, nguyn l hot ng v cc yu cu k thut ca h thng x l nc
thi trn tu.
Hng dn tr li:
1.Cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim do rc thi t tu:
Ph lc IV p dng cho tt c cc tu, tr cc tu c tng dung tch di 200 v trn
tu c t 10 ngi tr xung. Tu mi phi p dng Ph lc ny khi n c hiu lc v tu
hin c th 10 nm sau . Nc thi l nc v cc ph thi khc t nh v sinh, nh tm,
nc thi t cc bung bnh vin, nc thi t khoang cha ng vt sng trn tu..v.v.
Tu khng c php thi nc thi trong phm vi 4 hi l tnh t b gn nht, tr khi
c trang b thit b x l nc thi ph hp. Trong phm vi 4 n 12 hi l tnh t b
gn nht, nc thi phi c nghin v kh trng trc khi thi.
tho mn cc yu cu ca Ph lc ny, trn tu phi c cc trang thit b sau: thit
b x l nc phi c ph duyt; hoc h thng ng ng v bch ni thi ln cc
trm tip nhn.
iu kin thi nc thi t tu:
- Trong vng 4 hi l t b: Khng c thi tr khi tu c thit b x l nc thi c
duyt.
- Trong vng t 4 n 12 hi l t b gn nht: Khng c thi, tr khi:
+ Tu c thit b x l nc thi c duyt, hoc:
+ Tu c h thng nghin v kh trng nc thi c duyt.
- Vng cch b gn nht trn 12 hi l: Thi theo qui nh i vi vng t 4 n 12 hi
l t b gn nht; hoc nu nc thi khng c nghin v kh trng th phi thi
khi tu chy vi tc khng di 4 hi l/ gi v cng thi do Chnh quyn
hnh chnh qui nh.
- Ngoi qui nh ca cng c quc t, mt s quc gia cn c th c nhng qui nh
ring v nc thi.
3. gim kh nng gy nhim bin do nc thi, my trng phi:
Nm chc ton b qui nh ca ph lc IV- MARPOL thc hin
Hiu r cu to, nguyn l hot ng v cc yu cu k thut ca h thng x l
nc thi trn tu.
Cn phi kim sot cht ch vn x l nc thi, thi nc thi.
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Kim tra, nhc nh thuyn vin c thc vi vic x l nc thi, thi nc thi
ng quy nh. Ch khi bm la canh hm hng, nc ba lat ra ngoi mn
Duy tr trng thi k thut ca h thng v cc thit b x l rc lun trng thi
tt. Quy trnh vn hnh, s h thng.
Vn hnh thit b x l nc thi ng quy trnh.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 35: Trn tu thy thng c trang b nhng thit b chng nhim no?
Kim tra nh k cc trang thit b chng nhim nh th no bo m
cc thit b lun trng thi tt? (nh k, ni dung kim tra, cch kim
tra)
Yu cu:
- Nm c ton b cc thit b chng nhim trn tu.
- Nm c qui trnh khai thc vn hnh, kim tra, bo dng cc my mc thit b chng
nhim trn tu.
Hng dn tr li:
- Nhng trang thit b chng nhim trn tu:
+ H thng cc kt cha du cn, ng ng v bch ni chuyn ln cc phng tin
tip nhn, cc thit b chng trn du, ha cht, gi, mn ca...
+ H thng phn ly du nc (Oily water separator)
+ H thng x l nc thi (Sewage plan)
+ My t rc- du cn (Incinerator)
+ Cc thng cha rc
+ My nghin, xay thc phm thc n ph thi
+ Cc khay hng du
+ Nt bt l x nc mt boong
+ Trang thit b cho SOPEP
- Kim tra cc trang thit b chng nhim:
+ My phn ly du nc: H thng phn ly du nc phi m bo nng du trong
dng thi khng vt qu 15 ppm v h thng phi c thit b kim sot nng du,
h thng phi bo ng v t ng dng khi nng du trong dng thi vt qu 15
ppm. nh ky th TEST cc chc nng ny. Kim tra th t ng x du v kt du
cn.
m bo my phn ly du nc lun hot ng tt cn nh k v sinh cc phn t
lc bn trong my, vn hnh ng qui trnh v kim tra thit b ch bo nng du trong
dng thi, thit b bo ng v dng h thng...
+ H thng x l nc thi: V sinh bo dng ng k hn, vn hnh ng qui trnh,
kim tra v b sung ha cht y v h thng lin tc c sc kh.
+ My t rc: Bo dng ng k hn, vn hnh ng qui trnh, tun th cc qui nh
ca cng c quc t (khng t rc trong cng, khng c t mt s loi rc:
Plastic, vt liu bao gi hng ha b hng...).
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+ Ch khi s dng ha cht x l trn du.

+ Cc trang thit b khc phi m bo trng thi tt v tnh sn sng s dng.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 36: Hy phn loi cc loi rc thi trn tu thy. Cc bin php x l rc trn
tu thy nh th no trnh nhim, tha mn cc quy nh v cng c
quc t?
Yu cu:
- Nm c nguyn tc phn loi rc.
- Nm c cc qui nh v cng c quc t v x l rc trn tu
Hng dn tr li:
- Rc trn tu thy c phn loi thnh cc nhm nh sau:
+ Plastic
+ Gi, giy
+ Kim loi, thy tinh, chai l
+ Pin, c qui, ha cht
+ Tro x.
+ Thuc y t ht hn.
- Rc trn tu c cha vo cc thng cha theo nhm.
- Cc thng cha c sn mu c trng (v d: Thng cha plastic sn mu , gi,
giy sn mu xanh, kim loi, thy tinh sn mu en, pin, c qui sn mu vng, tro x sn
mu xm), bn ngoi ghi ch dnh cho mi nhm.
-Thuc y t ht hn phi ring, thi ln trm thu gom trn b.
- Cc thng cha phi c np y chc chn, bng vt liu khng chy c.
- Vic x l rc trn tu phi theo qui nh ca cng c quc t, quc gia v a phng.
- Cn phi hiu r cc qui nh ca cng c quc t, quc gia v a phng v x l
rc, thi rc thc hin.
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Cu 37: H thng la canh bung my v phn ly du nc thng c t ng ha
nh th no? Khi vn hnh h thng cn ch g?
Yu cu:
- Nm vng h thng la canh bung my
- Cc ch khi vn hnh h thng la canh
Hng dn tr li:
Chc nng ca h thng la canh bung my:
Bm chuyn nc bn t cc h la canh v kt cha chung
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Tch gi li du v x nc khng ln du ra ngoi mn <15ppm)

Chc nng ca h thng t ng iu khin h thng la canh bung my:
iu khin hot ng ca bm la canh bm dn nc t cc h la canh (bilge
well) v kt cha (bilge tank). T ng khi ng bm la canh khi mc trong cc
h la canh cao v dng khi mc thp, t ng m v ng cc van cc h la canh
tng ng theo mc nc la canh trong h.
Bo ng mc nc cc h la canh cao.
Bo bm la canh chy qu lu (long run) (bm la canh v bm phn ly co th dng
chung hoc ring bit ty theo h thng c th)
T ng iu khin s hot ng ca thit b phn ly du nc.
Khi nng du trong nc x ra mn >15ppm th bo ng, cho nc tun hon
tr li kt hoc dng bm.
X du v kt cha khi mc du trong bu phn ly cao.
Kim sot nng du trong nc la canh x ra ngoi mn (oil content
monitoring)
m thi gian lm vic ca bm la canh (time counting)
Hnh 37.1 th hin s mt h thng bm la canh v phn ly du nc la canh
bung my
Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng:
1-Bm chuyn nc bn t cc h la canh v kt cha chung:
Cc van m bng tay O ng, ngun kh nn, ngun in sn sng, m van ht la
canh cc h cm van ht (suction valve box), ng chn van y vao bu phn ly
(Oily water separator), m van y vao kt cha nc la canh (bilge tank), bm
ch AUTO, n khi ng. Khi mc trong cc h la canh no cao, cm bin
mc (auto-start pump level) to tc ng iu khin m van N m van M cc h
la canh tng ng v khi ng bm ht nc la canh h v kt cha -bilge tank.
Khi mc trong cc h la canh thp, cm bin mc (auto-stop pump level) to tc ng
iu khin ng van N, ng M cc h la canh tng ng. Nu tt c cc h la canh
u mc thp th to tc ng dng bm ht nc la canh.
Nu v mt l do no , bm la canh hot ng qu lu, (Bm khng ht c, b
Air, h ng ht, nc r nhiu ra h la canh ) n thi gian t (long run alarm)
s bo ng v tc ng dng bm.
Van (O) dng ht la canh trong h khi ch MANUAL.
Nu mc nc la canh cao, cm bin mc la canh cao (high level alarm) to tn hiu
bo ng.
2-Phn ly du nc la canh, x nc c phn ly ra mn.
Cc thit b th, kim tra sn sng hot ng, ngun kh nn, ngun in sn sng.
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Sau khi np y nc bin, x kh bu phn ly, m van ht nc la canh t kt

cha la canh (bilge tank) cm van ht (suction valve box), m van y vo bu phn
ly (Oily water separator), m van hi nc sau phn ly v kt la canh (van 3 ng, van
chn), m van ly nc mu sau phn ly vo thit b o nng . Khi ng bm phn
ly, theo di p lc, kim tra cc van A, B,C, D, E, F, ch bo nng du.. .Sau mt
thi gian chc chn cc thit b n nh, ch bo nng du trong gii hn cho php
th m van thot mn x nc sau phn ly ra mn. Trong thi gian phn ly, nu
lng du c tch ra nhiu, cm bin mc du to tn hiu iu khin m van in
t C x du v kt cha du thi (oil collecting tank). Khi lng du trong bu phn ly
c x gn ht, cm bin mc du to tn hiu iu khin ng van in t ngng x
du v kt cha du thi.
Nu nng du sau phn ly t ti 15ppm hoc ln hn, thit b o-ch bo-gim st
nng du (oil content indicator) s to tn hiu bo ng, ng thi tao tn hiu
iu khin van 3 ng cho hi nc sau phn ly v kt cha, ng ng x ra mn
hoc to tn hiu iu khin dng bm phn ly.
Van mt chiu H c tc dng duy tr n nh p lc nc trong bu phn ly bo
m cht lng lc n nh.
ng nc ngt sinh hot cp ti thit b (oil content indicator) qua van chn ra
phn t cm bin nng sau khi dng phn ly. Nu cm bin sch, ch bo chnh xc
th khi ra sch, nng ch 0 ppm. Nu b bn th c gi tr cao hn, cn tho ra
bo dng, v sinh.
Cc ch khi vn hnh h thng:
Thc hin ng cc quy nh theo cng c quc t MARPOL
Nc bm v kt cha nc la canh phi c tch s b (qua primary bilge tank)
gim nng du ln trong nc trc khi phn ly. Tuyt i khng c bm
qua phn ly nc la canh c ln nhiu du.
Khng c phn ly trc tip t cc h la canh.
nh k v sinh cc h la canh, kt cha, phin lc. Kim tra, r kn cc van ht,
van mt chiu, van chn, van in t, van x kh, van th kim tra..
Bm la canh/ phn ly phi trng thi tt.
Kim tra, chc chc s hot ng chnh xc ca cc cm bin mc la canh
nh k bo dng bu phn ly, cc phn t cm bin mc du/ nc, van in t,
nhit k, p k, thit b hm sy.
nh k th, kim tra, bo dng thit b ch bo, bo ng nng du trong
nc x ra mn sau phn ly, cm bin mc du iu khin van in t x du .
Vn hnh thit b phn ly du nc ng theo quy trnh k thut ca hng ch to.
Cc thit b ch bo p sut, lu lng, nhit phi chnh xc
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Control
panel Oil content
Power STARTER indicator
15ppm alarm
supply
Power
supply
washing
water
s C
High level Oil level
alarm steam inlet
Auto- Stop/Start Pump level detector
Steam
heater
p steam outlet
a
d
N Air supply
s 0.4 - 0.9Mpa
water b
Bilge
outlet
inlet
Oily
separator
Samp
Oil
inlet
M
le
L p f
O
p Air supply
c K 0.4 - 0.9MPa
s
AFT bilge well p H I
Separ
outlet
water
ated
From P/S bilge
well Bilge/ oily water
pump g P Treated water
out
tank
bilge
to
From STBD/S
bilge well
Suction
vale
box
Foot Bilge Oil collecting

Sea water valve tank tank
supply
Hnh 37.1 S h thng bm la canh v phn ly du nc la canh

bung my
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 38: My t rc-du cn (Incinerrator) thng c t ng ha nh th no?
Khi vn hnh h thng cn ch nhng g?
Yu cu:
- Nm c cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca my t rc-du cn v h thng iu
khin
- Nhng ch khi vn hnh
Hng dn tr li:
- Chc nng ca h thng my t rc-du cn:
- t du cn thi ra t cc ngun khc nhau t hot ng ca tu.
- t cc loi rc thi c php t theo quy nh.
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Chc nng ca h thng t ng iu khin my t rc-du cn:

T ng iu khin hot ng ca my khi t du cn bo m ch t chy thi
kh gim thiu nhim khng kh ( tiu chun thi): qu trnh t (t ban u, t
ha trn, dt du thi...) nhit t, lng du phun, lng khng kh cp, thi gian
t, qu trnh dng t. Ch bo qu trnh t, cc thng s cng tc.
T ng iu khin hot ng ca my khi t rc thi rn c php t, bo m ch
t chy thi kh gim thiu nhim khng kh ( tiu chun thi): qu trnh t
t ban u, t ha trn, t rc thi rn...), nhit t, lng du phun, lng
khng kh cp, thi gian t, qu trnh dng t. Ch bo qu trnh t, cc thng s
cng tc.
T ng dng t theo thi gian t
T ng bo li h thng, dng t
Bo ng/ bo v nhit kh thi cao, dng t
Kha lin ng vi tc ng m ca l t bo m an ton, dng t
Bo ng/ bo v khi b tt l t bt thng (miss fire), dng t
Bo ng/ bo v khi b p sut du cn thp, dng t
Bo ng/ bo v khi b p nhit du cn thp, dng t
m thi gian my hot ng
Khi vn hnh cn ch :
Ty theo kt cu c th, mi h thng my t rc c hng dn c th bi nh ch
to: nguyn l kt cu, quy trnh vn hnh, bo dng, hiu chnh. V vy, ngi khai
thc vn hnh trc ht cn phi c, tm hiu cu trc v nguyn l hot ng ca h
thng, cc ch dn v phng php phng php th, kim tra s hot ng v hiu
chnh gi tri t ca nh ch to.
Kim tra, theo di s hot ng ca h thng, qu trnh t, thng s cng tc, nh
gi tnh trng k thut, khc phc cc khim khuyt
Lu cc iu quy nh trong MARPOL thc hin
Du thi phi c tch nc, lc, hm nhit t
iu chnh sn lng du thi t ng, trnh nhit bung t, nhit kh thi
qu cao
Lng rc thi rn kim tra, phn loi trc khi t theo quy nh, lng rc thi np
vo bung t va , sp xp sao cho d chy.
Plastic phi t tch ring, xc nh lng, gi li tro thai ln b.
Khng du cn v rc thi t chung vi nhau, khng kim sot c nhit .
nh k bo dng cc thit b t, v sinh bung t
Ghi nht k my t rc theo quy nh MARPOL
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55/158
Cu 39: C bao nhiu loi cm bin bo chy, thng t u? nh k, kim tra

h thng t ng bo chy nh th no h thng hot ng chnh xc?
Yu cu
- Hiu r h thng bo chy trn tu;
- Quy trnh th thit b v th tu;
Hng dn tr li
Thng thng, c ba loi cm bin bo chy dng trn tu thy: Cm bin nh la,
cm bin nhit v cm bin khi.
Cc cm bin c t cc v tr theo quy nh. Cc v tr c mt s tnh cht
nh: khng gian hp, c kh nng chy, ... (v d: hnh lang, bung li, phng , cu lc
b, bung iu khin, ngoi bung my, pha trn my chnh, my n, khu vc my lc,
ni hi, l t rc...).
Cm bin bo chy hm hng c loi cm bin khi t tp trung gn trung tm bo
chy. Cc v tr bo chy c t cc u ng ht ni vi cc ng dn v cc bu cm
bin. Khi cho h thng cm bin hot ng, qut ht ht lin tc khng kh mu cc
im bo chy v cc bu cm bin, phn tch x l. Nu im no c khi s bo chy
v tr .
H thng t ng bo chy bao gm cc cm bin (khong 20 n 30 v tr), b x l
trung tm, b hin th v tr pht tn hiu v cc thit b ngoi vi pht tn hiu m thanh,
nh sng, ...
nh k (thng 3~6 thng) th h thng bng cch to nhit , nh la hoc khi
(c thit b chuyn dng) th tt c cc cm bin. Sau khi to tn hiu, th kim tra s
hot ng ca h thng x l trung tm: n ci, v tr bo chy, th bo li cm bin, bo
ng ngun, cc ch tt bo ng.
nh k cho bo dng, th kim tra cc thit b ca h thng.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 40: Trn tu thy thng c trang b nhng thit b, h thng cu ha no?

Kim tra bo dng nh k cc thit b cu ha nh th no bo m
cc thit b s c lun trng thi tt? (nh k, ni dung kim tra, cch
kim tra)
Yu cu:
- Hiu r cc loi h thng cu ha trn tu;
- Quy trnh kim tra, th, bo dng thit b v th tu;
Hng dn tr li:
Cc h thng cu ha ph bin nht gm:
- H thng cc bnh bt, bnh bt xch tay lu ng, c nh;
- H thng trm CO2 c nh v bnh di ng;
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- H thng dng nc: cc vi rng

- H thng dng nc phun sng c nh
- Dng c cu ha dng ct...
Trn tt cc cc bnh cha u c dn nhn ghi r ngy kim tra, np cng cht.
Cc thit b c danh mc, loi, s hiu, hn kim tra tin theo di qun l, kim
tra bo dng.
C bin bn kim tra, giy chng nhn ca c quan ng kim
nh k kim tra: theo hn, theo k hoch ca tu, hng nm- nh k ca c quan
ng kim, theo thc t s dng, theo kt qu kim tra,..
Ni dung c yu cu kim tra di vi cc thit b:
- Kim tra bn ngoi thn, v bnh;
- Kim tra cc vi, quai, kha, ...;
- Kim tra hn ha cht s dng, th cht lng ha cht
- Kim tra bn trong v p sut, khi lng, hoc np li cng cht;
- Kim tra cc thit b ca h thng trm CO2 nh ng dn, u phun, p lc, van m, h
thng iu khin lin quan (v d ngt qut gi, bm, ...);
- Th thy lc bnh cha CO2 nh k.
- Kim tra cc bnh p lc kh iu khin, tc ng
- Kim tra cc van ti cc hng cp nc cu ha, cc vi cp nc, kh nng ca cc
khp ni nhanh, tnh trng ca cc ng mm v di ph hp, ...
- Th kim tra vi phun sng cha chy c nh
- Kim tra bm cu ha c lp (s c) c kh nng cp nc cu ha cho 02 vi, phun
xa khong cch quy inh (20 m);
- Kim tra cng tc phn cng, hun luyn thc tp cu ha trn tu;
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 41: Cc van ng nhanh thng c trang b cho thit b no, nhm mc ch
g? Nu nhng ch khi th, kim tra, bo dng cc van ng nhanh v
c cu iu khin.
Yu cu:
- Nm c v tr cc van ng nhanh trong bung my
- Nm c nguyn l hot ng v cu to v bo dng cc loi van ng nhanh
Hng dn tr li:
- Cc van ng nhanh thng c trang b cho cc van cp nhin liu (FO, DO), du
bi trn ( LO, CO) t cc kt trong bung my (kt cha, kt lng, kt trc nht) ti
cc thit b: my chnh, diesel lai my pht in, ni hi, my lc li tm, bm chuyn
du...
57/158
- Cc van ng nhanh c trang b theo quy nh ca cng c quc t SOLAS nhm

mc ch ngn chn ngun cht chy xm nhp vo khng gian bung my khi xy ra
s c chy bung my, gim tn tht, tng kh nng ngn chn v cha chy ca h
thng cu ha.
- Cc van ng nhanh c iu khin t xa v tr ngoi bung my. Khi xy ra chy
bung my, t v tr ny, ch cn thao tc n gin, tt c cc van ng nhanh s c
ng li.
- H thng iu khin t xa cc van ng nhanh c th ng dng cc phng php sau:
- Truyn ng c kh: dy cp ni vi c cu iu khin ng van puli dn
hngtay git
- Truyn ng kh nn: Van kh gim pChai gi gim pvan iu khin Xi lanh
kh tr ng c cu iu khin ng van.
Nhng ch khi th, kim tra, bo dng cc van ng nhanh v c cu iu khin:
nh k kim tra, th cc van ng nhanh theo quy nh: k hoch ca tu (thng,
qu, trc khi n cng...), chu k kim tra ng kim. Khc phc ngay cc khim
khuyt.
nh k kim tra, bo dng cc h truyn ng, tay git, dy cp, puly, c cu
iu khin van, trnh b kt, khng ng b, h thng ng, van, p k, chai gi...
Du hiu v tr iu khin van ng nhanh, s h thng
Lun duy tr p sut trong chai gi iu khin van ng nhanh (p k, x nc)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 42: Cc nt dng khn cp thng c trang b cho thit b no, nhm mc
ch g, v tr lp t u? Nu nhng ch khi th, kim tra, bo dng
cc c cu v h thng iu khin.
Yu cu:
- Nm c vai tr v v tr lp t cc nt dng khn cp
- Nm c cc ch khi th, kim tra, bo dng cc c cu v h thng iu khin.
Hng dn tr li:
Cc nt dng khn cp c trang b nhm mc ch chung l ngi s dng c
th dng thit b nhanh nht, thao tc n gin khi c nguy c s c hoc xy ra s c,
gim thiu cc tn tht.
Cc nt dng khn cp thng c trang b cho thit b:
My chnh: nt dng s c ring cho my chnh trm iu khin my chnh, ngi
iu khin dng my chnh khi M/E c s c, kha khng cho khi ng my ngoi
mun.
Lin hp: My chnh-My n-Ni hi-My lc li tm-Qut thng gi bung my-
Cc bm chuyn du...: Nt dng s c c b tr ngoi bung my, khi b chy bung
58/158
my, n nt ny dng cc thit b trn, gim tn tht, gim ngun nhitm cht gy
chy, tng kh nng cha chy ca h thng cu ha.
Bm du cn: Nt dng s c b tr gn bch ni thi du cn ngi vn hnh
dng bm kp thi nu thy nguy c gy trn du, nhim du khi bm thi du cn ln
thit b cha.
Bm thy lc ti cu: Nt dng s c b tr v tr ngi iu khin ti cu ngi
vn hnh dng bm kp thi nu thy nguy c gy nguy him, r du, trn du, nhim
du khi h thng ti cu lm vic.
Bm chuyn du: Nt dng s c b tr v tr h thng bich, van phn phi
chuyn du gia cc kt. Ngi vn hnh c th dng bm kp thi nu thy nguy c gy
nguy him, r du, trn du, nhim du khi bm chuyn du (ty theo thc t tng tu)
Nhng ch khi th, kim tra, bo dng cc c cu v h thng iu khin.
nh k kim tra, th tc ng cc nt dng s c theo quy nh: k hoch ca tu
(thng, qu, trc khi n cng...), chu k kim tra ng kim. Khc phc ngay cc
khim khuyt.
nh k kim tra, bo dng cc bng iu khin, nt iu khin, mch iu khin,
c cu an ton trnh thao tc nhm ln, thit b tr ng dng, thit b bo ng,
tn hiu...
Du hiu v tr nt dng s c, d nhn bit, thng bo hng dn, s .
Cc bng iu khin trn boong kn nc
Hng dn RESET sau khi n nt dng s c.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 43: Trc khi tu ri cng (Departure) cn phi kim tra, th cc hng mc
no? Kim tra nh th no? Cho v d.
Yu cu:
- Trnh by quy trnh thc hin hot ng ca tu khi ri cng
- Cng vic kim tra c th cc hng mc khi tu ri cng;
59/158
Hng dn tr li:
Ch tu ri cng (Departure) l mt hot ng ca tu trong trng thi nguy him,
i hi cc trang thit b lun trng thi k thut tt, tin cy cao v c bit l s cn
trng ca ngi vn hnh, iu khin. Trong h thng qun l an ton i vi mt tu c
th c quy trnh hng dn thc hin cho cc b phn bo m an ton khi tu ri
cng.
Sau y l v d v quy trnh thc hin cc cng vic c bn trc khi tu ri cng
cho b phn boong v my:
Thuyn trng phi thng bo trc cho My trng, i ph cc b phn c
thi gian chun b cho tu ri cng.
Di s ch o ca Thuyn trng, S quan boong i ca phi kim tra cc trang thit
b v cc vn khc lin quan n chuyn i theo Danh mc kim tra tu ri cng
ca b phn boong
S quan trc ca boong phi kim tra v th my li theo cc hng mc trong mu Th
my li trc khi tu chy t nht 12 gi. Kt qu ca vic kim tra phi c ghi vo
nht k.
Trc khi ri cng Thuyn trng phi trc tip ch th cho cc trng b phn phi
kim tra ngi trn trn tu. Nu pht hin thy ngi trn trn tu th phi a ln b
trc khi tu chy.
Di s ch o ca My trng, cc S quan my kim tra cc trang thit b mnh ph
trch v bo co tnh trng k thut cho My trng. Trc mi chuyn i, S quan
my i ca kim tra v ghi nhn li theo Danh mc kim tra tu ri cng ca b phn
my
Trc mi chuyn i, My trng kt hp vi i ph phi m bo chc nng v s
b tr hp l cc thit b phng nga nhim, kim tra theo Danh mc kim tra trang
thit b ngn nga nhim. Bt k s thiu st no pht hin thy phi sa cha ngay
trc khi tu chy.
My trng phi ch th My nht chun b my theo quy trnh chun b sn sng my
cho tu ri cng (Proceduce of Standby Engine for Departure). Kim tra tnh trng tho
mn yu cu ca cc trang thit b an ton v ngn nga nhim.
My trng phi ch th My hai kim tra, ly s liu cc kt du v cc kt khc trong
bung my, ghi li cc s liu bo Thuyn trng v i ph (Tank Condition for
Departure).
ng h bung my phi t ng b vi ng h bung li.
Trc khi tu chy My trng phi kim tra chc chn cc trang thit b an ton
bung my trng thi tt, sn sng hot ng. Bt k s thiu st no pht hin thy
phi phc phc ngay trc khi tu chy.
Thuyn vin trc ca theo s phn cng ch tu ri cng v theo mnh lnh ca
My trng.
60/158
Khi mi vic chun b hon tt, My trng phi bo co tnh trng k thut my v
khng nh vi Thuyn trng l hon thnh vic chun b, b phn my sn sng.
Khi iu ng tu, My trng v cc S quan my phi c mt bung my kim
tra, vn hnh my mc theo yu cu ca bung li.
Cc cng vic cn kim tra v thc hin theo trnh t danh mc c quy nh trong:
Departure Check List for Engine Department. Cng vic th, kim tra phi c thc
hin, nh du, ghi ch v k xc nhn hon thnh trc khi tu chnh thc ri cng t
nht 30 pht.
V d v Departure Check List for Engine Department:
Tn cng
Thi gian
H thng gim st, tn hiu, bo ng (n, ci, chung)
H thng thng tin lin lc
H thng tay trang truyn lnh gia bung li v bung iu khin trung tm;
H thng my li, th gc li ti a vi tt c cc my li;
H thng khi ng o chiu vi my chnh;
Hm my chnh
H thng iu khin bc chn vt (nu c);
H thng my nn, kh nn, kh iu khin, kh dch v;
My pht in, my pht s c sn sng
My via ngt
H thng phc v my chnh, van thng bin
Tnh trng sn sng hot ng ca cc h thng, thit b ph;
H thng neo, ti, cu ha;
Th my chnh, chn vt mi....
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
61/158
Cu 44: Trc khi tu n cng (Arrival) cn phi kim tra, th cc hng mc no?
Kim tra nh th no? Cho v d.
Yu cu:
- Trnh by quy trnh thc hin hot ng ca tu khi n cng
- Cng vic kim tra c th cc hng mc trc khi tu n cng;
Hng dn tr li:
Ch tu n cng (Arrival) l mt hot ng ca tu trong trng thi nguy him,
i hi cc trang thit b lun trng thi k thut tt, tin cy cao v c bit l s cn
trng ca ngi vn hnh, iu khin. Trong h thng qun l an ton i vi mt tu c
th c quy trnh hng dn thc hin cho cc b phn bo m an ton khi tu n
cng.
V d v quy trnh thc hin cc cng vic c bn trc khi tu n cng cho b phn
boong v my:
Thuyn trng kim tra thng tin v khu vc cng ti nh thu triu, dng chy, lung
lch v thng bo thi gian v k hoch ma n n cng cho cc b phn chun
b.
Trc khi tu n v tr ma n n cng t nht l 12 gi, b phn boong kim tra my
li theo cc dang mc trong biu mu Th my li v Danh mc kim tra tu n
cng ca b phn boong. B phn my kim tra theo Danh mc kim tra tu n
cng ca b phn my (Arrival Check List For Engine Department)
H thng thng tin
Th li my trc t nht 12 gi.
Chuyn i nhin liu (nu cn) trc t nht 1 gi
Chy thm t hp diesel lai my pht in, cp in ngun cho h thng ti, neo...
Chun b cc h thng phc v: ni hi, chng ct nc, my lc, h thng kh nn.....
My pht s c sn sng
Kim tra cc kt, bo co s liu ((Tank Condition for Arrival).
Bo sn sng
V d v (Arrival Check List For Engine Department):
62/158
Tn cng
Thi gian
H thng gim st, tn hiu, bo ng (n, ci, chung)
H thng tay trang truyn lnh gia bung li v bung iu khin trung tm;
H thng my li, th gc li ti a vi tt c cc my li;
H thng khi ng o chiu vi my chnh; (Astern Test)
H thng iu khin bc chn vt (nu c);
H thng my nn, kh nn, kh iu khin, kh dch v;
My pht in, my pht s c sn sng
H thng phc v my chnh, van thng bin
Tnh trng sn sng hot ng ca cc h thng, thit b ph;
H thng neo, ti, cu ha;
Th chn vt mi....
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 45: Vic tnh ton lng nhin liu tiu th cho chuyn i c xy dng nh
th no? Cho v d minh ha
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc thng s k thut ca my chnh, my n v ni hi, c bit l lng
nhin liu tiu th cc ch ti khc nhau.
- Nm c thi gian v ch hot ng cc my mc k trn
Hng dn tr li:
1. D tnh lng nhin liu tiu th cho chuyn i:
- Lng nhin liu tiu th cn thit cho chuyn i c tnh ton cho c lt i v lt
v. Trc khi tnh ton lng nhin liu ny cn phi bit r qung ng v vn tc tu
c lt i v lt v (s khc nhau), lng nhin liu tiu th trong 1 gi ca my
chnh, my n v ni hi. Cn quan tm ti iu kin thi tit.
- Lng nhin liu cn thit cho my chnh:
xc nh c lng nhin liu ny cn phi tnh c thi gian my chnh chy
trn c s qung ng hnh trnh (do Thuyn trng cung cp) v vn tc tu lt i
v lt v. Bit c lng nhin liu tiu th trong mt gi ca my chnh man,
ch balat v ch ton ti, ta c th tnh c lng nhin liu chi ph cho my
chnh lt i v lt v.
- Lng nhin liu tiu th cho diesel lai my pht:
xc nh c lng nhin liu tiu th cho cc diesel lai my pht, ta cn bit
c thi gian d kin tu neo u ( c hai u bn) v thi gian i balat, tu lm
hng trong cng (cc thi gian ny s c thng bo trong Hng dn chuyn i ca
ch hng).
63/158
Lng nhin liu chi ph cho cc diesel lai my pht s c tnh c khi tu hnh
trnh (thng chy 1 my pht), khi tu neo u (chy 1 my pht) v khi i balat, tu
lm hng trong cng (thng chy 2 my pht).
- Lng nhin liu tiu th cho ni hi: Lng nhin liu tiu th cho ni hi c d
tnh ch yu khi ni hi kinh t khng hot ng (Khi tu neo u, trong cng).
- Lng nhin liu tiu th cho my t rc (nu c): Lng tiu th nhin liu cho my
t rc kh nh, c th khng cn thit phi d tnh ty theo mi con tu.
- Lng nhin liu di y cc kt cha m khng th bm ln c (Dead Oil): Ty
theo mi tu.
- Lng nhin liu d phng (Margin Oil): Lng nhin liu d phng an ton thng
thng tnh bng 20% tng cc lng du xc nh trn. Tuy nhin, mt s ch tu
hoc ch hng c th c qui nh ring cho du d phng. (V d: Du d phng trong
nhng chuyn i di nht cng khng c vt qu lng du s dng trong 7 ngy v
trong nhng chuyn i ngn nht cng khng di 3 ngy).
Lng du d kin cho chuyn i bng tng cc lng du c xc nh
trn. Lp bng tnh gii trnh. So snh lng nhin liu hin ti, xc nh lng
nhin liu cn cp. K xc nhn.
Bo co thuyn trng, k xc nhn. Thuyn trng bo cc ni cn thit.
2. Cho v d minh ha: D tnh cho mt chuyn i c th ca mt con tu c th.
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Cu 46: Khi tu hot ng trong iu kin khai thc c bit (thi tit xu, bng gi,
vng nc bn hoc vng nc nng), my trng cn ch n nhng g
bo m an ton cho thuyn vin, tu v hng ha?
Yu cu:
- Xc nh y l mt hot ng ca tu trong trng thi nguy him. Nm c nhng
kh khn v d kin c nhng hu qu c th xy ra khi tu hot ng trong iu kin
thi tit xu, bng gi, vng nc bn hoc vng nc nng.
- Nm c c im cng tc ca cc thit b bung my
- Nm c nguyn tc b tr ca trc theo qui nh ca cng c quc t STCW
Hng dn tr li:
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- Ch tu hot ng trong iu kin khai thc c bit (thi tit xu, bng gi, vng
nc bn hoc vng nc nng) l hot ng ca tu trong trng thi nguy him (Critical
Shipboard Operation), i hi cc trang thit b lun trng thi k thut tt, tin cy
cao v c bit l s cn trng ca ngi vn hnh, iu khin. Trong h thng qun l an
ton i vi mt tu c th c quy trnh hng dn thc hin cho cc b phn bo m
an ton cho ngi, tu v hng ha khi tu hot ng trong iu kin khai thc c bit,
Thuyn trng, my trng cn thc hin nghim theo quy trnh c hng dn
trong h thng qun l an ton.
- Khi tu hot ng trong nhng iu kin khai thc c bit, my trng cn iu chnh
b sung nhn lc tng cng cho vic trc ca bung my. Ngoi ra cn ch n in
nng tiu th khi phi chuyn ch khai thc, ng thi phi lnh cho cc ca trc cn
ch v thc hin cc cng vic cn thit, quy nh gi my trng, (ghi s lnh ca
my trng, cc ca trc c- k xc nhn, ghi vo nht k, s sch...)
- Khi tu hot ng trong iu kin thi tit xu (bo, gi), ngoi vic chn ch khai
thc thch hp (thng gim vng quay khai thc) cn c bit ch :
+ Kh nng b qu tc: Thng xy ra khi tu chy Balat.
+ Qu ti v m men hoc qu ti v nhit.
+ Cc thng s v nhin liu, c bit l cht lng nhin liu (Cn bn, nc ln trong
nhin liu)
+ Cc thng s v du bi trn, c bit l mc du trong kt cha (Sump tank).
+ H thng nc bin v la canh bung my.
+ Gia c, chng buc cc thit b, vt t...
+ Tnh trng v tu.
- Khi tu tu hot ng trong iu kin bng gi cn ch :
+ Th, kim tra chc chn h thng hm, sy, si hot ng tt.
+ H thng lm mt bng nc bin c th b tc do bng , nht l hp van thng bin:
Cn chun b sn sng thit b xng hi khi cn thit.
+ Chn vt c th b m v hoc bin dng do va phi bng lm mt cn bng, gy rung
ng: Cn sn sng gim my khi cn thit.
+ Cc ng ng nc trn boong c th b v do ng bng bn trong: Cn x ht nc
trong ng trc khi tu vo vng bng gi. Ch ng nc ngt t kt mi v bung
my.
+ Cc thit b thy lc trn boong c th b h hng do bng lm hng cc pht lm
kn khi khi ng thit b hoc du thy lc b ng c. Hm, sy du.
- Khi tu hot ng trong vng nc bn hoc vng nc nng:
+ Tc bn cc sinh hn lm mt, van thng bin, lc nc bin
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+ Khi tu vo vng nc nng cn ch theo di ti my chnh, sn sng gim my khi

cn thit, phng mc cn.
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Cu 47: Khi tu chy trong khu vc tm nhn hn ch, vng nhiu tu b qua li,
my trng ch n nhng g bo m an ton cho thuyn vin, tu v
hng ha?
Yu cu:
- Xc nh y l mt hot ng ca tu trong trng thi nguy him. Nm c nhng
kh khn v d kin c nhng hu qu c th xy ra khi tu hot ng trong khu vc
tm nhn hn ch, vng nhiu tu b qua li.
- Nm c nguyn tc thc hin ca trc theo qui nh ca cng c quc t STCW
Hng dn tr li:
- Ch tu hot ng trong vc tm nhn hn ch, vng nhiu tu b qua li l hot
ng ca tu trong trng thi nguy him (Critical Shipboard Operation), i hi cc trang
thit b lun trng thi k thut tt, tin cy cao v c bit l s cn trng ca ngi
vn hnh, iu khin. Trong h thng qun l an ton i vi mt tu c th c quy trnh
hng dn thc hin cho cc b phn bo m an ton cho ngi, tu v hng ha khi
tu hot ng trong iu kin khai thc c bit, Thuyn trng, my trng cn thc
hin nghim theo quy trnh c hng dn trong h thng qun l an ton.
- Khi tm nhn b hn ch, my trng cn ch :
+ iu chnh nhn lc trc ca khi cn thit v My trng phi c mt bung my khi
c yu cu.
+ My chnh sn sng lm vic cng sut ln nht c th.
+ Kh nn hoc hi lun m bo cung cp y cho cc tn hiu m thanh vo bt k
lc no khi bung li yu cu thay i tc hoc hng tu.
+ Cc my mc ph dng trong qu trnh ma-n phi lun trng thi sn sng.
- Khi tu hnh trnh trong khu vc nhiu tu b qua li, my trng cn ch :
+ iu chnh nhn lc trc ca khi cn thit v My trng phi c mt bung my khi
c yu cu.
+ My chnh sn sng lm vic cng sut ln nht c th.
+ Tt c cc my mc lin quan ti vic iu ng tu c th phi chuyn sang ch
iu ng bng tay ngay lp tc.
+ Cng sut in d tr c th cung cp cho my li v cc yu cu khc trong khi
iu ng.
+ My li s c v cc thit b ph khc phi sn sng hot ng ngay lp tc.
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Cu 48. Hy nu quy trnh tho, bo dng mt n v xi lanh my chnh 4 k.

Yu cu:
-Trnh by quy trnh v ch c bn khi tho, bo dng, lp li cc chi tit chnh nh:
np xi lanh, cc chi tit nhm piston bin, s my xi lanh, cc bc trc, bc bin ca
n v xi lanh ng c 4 k
-Cng vic o c, kim tra vt nt v cc khuyt tt ca chi tit. nh gi kt qu o,
kim tra cc chi tit.
Hng dn tr li:
Quy trnh tho, bo dng mt n v xi lanh my chnh 4 k:
1-Cng tc chun b : l yu t quan trng nht
c, tm hiu k hng dn tho, kim tra, lp cc chi tit ca hng ch to. Cc
tiu chun k thut.
Photo bn v hng dn, s liu k thut kim tra- tho-lp, kt cu, vt t cn
thay mi tham kho trong khi thc hin.
Chun y , kim tra cc dng c tho lp chuyn dng trng thi tt
Chun y , kim tra cc dng c o chuyn dng trng thi tt, ch mt
bng, khng gian, cc thit b nh du, my via, thit b nng, kh nn dch v,
palng, man, dy treo- buc, thit b k, c nh an ton, chiu sng, thng cha
cn, chu ra, my mi v sinh, kim tra vt nt (Micro check color), pan me, dy
ch.
Chun b, kim tra vt t, ph tng d tr cn thit thay th phi y , trng
thi tt.
K hoch thc hin: thi gian, tin , hp an ton trc khi thc hin, nhn lc,
phn cng nhim v, k nng lm vic nhm, phi hp cc nhm lm vic: trn-
di, thng nht cc hiu lnh, thng tin, an ton, quy nh bo h lao ng khi
lm vic.
2-Tho,v sinh, kim tra, thay cc chi tit, lp li
Cn ch cc yu t sau:
Np xi lanh: nh du cc ai c, bulong quan trng, lc tho, p sut thy lc
tho/ lp, th t tho. Kim tra vt nt, th kn, r cc mt lp rp, cc giong lm
kn phi thay.
Piston: v sinh bung t trc khi rt piston, ta r ren l lp bulong cu piston,
kim tra o cc kch thc piston, sec mng, vnh trt, c piston- bc c, l c-
np l c, piston (m bin), giong lm kn du lm mt nh piston, bu
lng lin kt nh, phanh hm bu long....
S mi xilanh: o kch thc smi xi lanh (v tr o, cn - van, nh du v tr
trc khi rt, v sinh block v tr lp giong kn nc lm mt, lp giong kn
nc, p s mi, o kim tra s thay i kch thc s mi v tr lp giong nc
trc/sau khi p s mi vo block.
Bc bin: Kim tra b mt, mi mn, khe h du
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Bulong bin: kim tra vt nt, dn di (p sut xit), lc tho lp bulong bc

bin
C bin: Kch thc c bin- b mt, mi mn, cn, van
Bc trc: Ch cch tho/ lp theo ch dn, chiu hng. Kim tra b mt, mi
mn, cch kim tra khe h du. Lc tho lp bulong bc trc
C Trc: Kch thc c trc nu o c, o thng tm-b mt- trn, mi
mn, cn, van
co bp trc khuu.
Lp h s k thut, s liu o kim tra sau khi lp, chy th, nh gi vi tiu
chun k thut, lu, bo co.
Lm Bo co hon thnh hng mc theo CMS (Chief Engineers Survey Report).
Trnh PKT cng ty, ng kim
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Cu 49. Hy nu quy trnh tho, bo dng mt n v xi lanh my chnh 2 k qut
thng c pa tanh bn trt.
Yu cu:
-Trnh by quy trnh v ch c bn khi tho, bo dng, lp li cc chi tit chnh nh:
supap x, np xi lanh, cc chi tit nhm piston - cn-b lm kn cn, u ch thp, bc
u ch thp, bc bn trt-bn trt, s my xi lanh, bin, bc bin-c bin, bc trc- c
trc, ca n v xi lanh ng c 2 k qut thng c patanh bn trt.
-Cng vic o c, kim tra vt nt v cc khuyt tt ca chi tit. nh gi kt qu o,
kim tra cc chi tit.
Hng dn tr li:
Quy trnh tho, bo dng1 n v xi lanh my chnh 2 k qut thng c pa tanh bn
trt:
1-Cng tc chun b: l yu t quan trng nht
c, tm hiu k hng dn tho, kim tra, lp cc chi tit ca hng ch to. Cc tiu
chun k thut.
Photo bn v hng dn, s liu k thut kim tra- tho-lp, kt cu, vt t cn thay
mi tham kho trong khi thc hin.
Chun y , kim tra cc dng c tho lp chuyn dng trng thi tt
Chun y , kim tra cc dng c o chuyn dng trng thi tt, ch mt bng,
khng gian, cc thit b nh du, my via, thit b nng, kh nn dch v, palng, man,
dy treo- buc, thit b k, c nh an ton, chiu sng, thng cha cn, chu ra, my
mi v sinh, kim tra vt nt (Micro check color), pan me, dy ch.
Chun b, kim tra vt t, ph tng d tr cn thit thay th phi y , trng thi
tt.
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K hoch thc hin: thi gian, tin , hp an ton trc khi thc hin, nhn lc, phn
cng nhim v, k nng lm vic nhm, phi hp cc nhm lm vic: trn- di, thng
nht cc hiu lnh, thng tin, an ton, quy nh bo h lao ng khi lm vic.
Cn ch cc yu t sau:
Supap x: mi r nm-xe mi mn, gc mi- th kn, b lm kn cn su pap, xilanh
kh l xo, cc van an ton, cc van 1 chiu, kch thc lp lp...
Np xi lanh: nh du cc ai c, bulong quan trng, lc tho, p sut thy lc tho/
lp, th t tho. Kim tra vt nt, th kn, r cc mt lp rp, cc giong lm kn phi
thay.
Piston: v sinh bung t trc khi rt piston, ta r ren l lp bulong cu piston, kim
tra o cc kch thc piston, sec mng, giong lm kn du lm mt nh piston, bu
lng lin kt nh, phanh hm bu long....
Cn piston-B lm kn: Kch thc cn, khe h vng lm kn, mi mn vnh lm
kn...
Cch tho/ lp ng lng du lm mt piston
trc khi rt, v sinh block v tr lp giong kn nc lm mt, lp giong kn nc,
p s mi, o kim tra s thay i kch thc s mi v tr lp giong nc trc/sau
khi p s mi vo block.
Cch o kim tra khe h bc bn trt. Mt bn trt
u ch thp: kch thc, b mt u ch thp, b mt- khe h du bc ch thp
Cch tho/ lp bin, bc bin.
Bulong bin: kim tra vt nt, dn di (p sut xit), lc tho lp bulong bc bin
mn, cch kim tra khe h du. Lc tho lp bulong bc trc
C Trc: Kch thc c trc nu o c, o thng tm-b mt- trn, mi mn,
cn, van
co bp trc khuu.
Lp h s k thut, s liu o kim tra sau khi lp, chy th, nh gi vi tiu chun
k thut, lu, bo co.
Trnh PKT cng ty, ng kim xc nhn hng mc CMS kim tra.
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Cu 50. Hy nu quy trnh tho, bo dng mt diesel lai my pht in chnh.

Yu cu:
- Trnh by quy trnh tho, bo dng mt diesel lai my pht in chnh. Nhng ch
cn thit
Hng dn tr li:
1-Cng vic chun b: l yu t quan trng nht
c, tm hiu k hng dn tho, kim tra, lp cc chi tit ca hng ch to. Cc tiu
chun k thut, lp rp.
Xc nh ch bo dng sa cha: theo gi hot ng/ h hng / s c?
Photo bn v hng dn, s liu k thut kim tra- tho-lp, kt cu, vt t cn thay
mi tham kho trong khi thc hin.
Chun y , kim tra cc dng c tho lp chuyn dng trng thi tt, c l lc,
Chun y , kim tra cc dng c o chuyn dng trng thi tt, ch mt bng,
khng gian, cc thit b nh du, my via, thit b nng, kh nn dch v, palng, man,
dy treo- buc, thit b k, c nh an ton, chiu sng, thng cha cn, chu ra, my
mi v sinh, kim tra vt nt (Micro check color), pan me, dy ch.
Cnh bo my ang bo dng.
Chun b, kim tra vt t, ph tng d tr cn thit thay th phi y , trng thi
tt.
K hoch thc hin: thi gian, tin , hp an ton trc khi thc hin, nhn lc, phn
cng nhim v, k nng lm vic nhm, phi hp ng b cc nhm lm vic, trnh
chng cho, quy nh bo h lao ng khi lm vic.
Cn ch cc yu t sau:
o co bp trc khuu trc v sau khi tho tch bch lin kt my pht in,
ch loi khp ni cng/ ni mm, my pht1 b /2 b . Lp bng s liu.
Np xi lanh: nh du cc ai c, bulong quan trng, lc tho, p sut thy lc
tho/ lp, th t tho. Kim tra vt nt, th thy lc khoang lm mt, r cc mt
lp rp, cc giong lm kn phi thay.
Ch cc nm/ supap hut /x, ng du, pht lm kn, chiu xon l xo
Piston-bin: v sinh bung t trc khi rt piston-bin, ta r ren l lp bulong cu
piston, kim tra o cc kch thc piston, sec mng, vnh trt, c piston- bc c,
l c- np l c, piston (m bin), ....
trc khi rt, v sinh block v tr lp giong kn nc lm mt, lp giong kn
nc. Ch khi p s mi trnh b nt vai s mi do sai cch g p. o kim tra s
thay i kch thc s mi v tr lp giong nc trc/sau khi p s mi vo
block.
Bulong bin: kim tra vt nt, dn di (p sut xit), lc tho lp bulong bc
bin
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Tay bin: ch song song l bin-l c, trn ca l.
nh du bnh rng cam nhin liu, phi kh nu lt block
Ch h cam/ con i, gc phun sm
mn, cch kim tra khe h du. Lc tho lp bulng bc trc
C Trc: Kch thc c trc nu o c, o thng tm-b mt- trn, mi
mn, cn, van
co bp trc khuu trc/ sau khi lp nhm piston bin
Lp ng ng phun du bi trn s mi xilanh
Th kn h lm mt trc khi np du nhn cc te.
Lp h s k thut, s liu o, so snh vi tiu chun k thut, nh gi, a ra
phng n thay th, sa cha
Lp h s k thut, s liu o kim tra sau khi lp, chy th, nh gi vi tiu
chun k thut, lu, bo co.
Trnh PKT cng ty, ng kim
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Cu 51: Kim tra lc xit cc bu lng chnh ca my chnh (holding down, bolt,
chock bolt, tie bolt/stay bolt) nh th no? Nu cc bu long b ni lng hoc
khng lc xit th nh hng g ti s lm vic ca ng c.
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc loi bu lng lin kt c bn ca my chnh.
- Nm c quy trnh kim tra v xit li cc bu lng lin kt my chnh.
Hng dn tr li:
- Cc loi bu lng lin kt c bn my chnh:
+ Bu lng lin kt ton khung my chnh. (tie bolt/stay bolts)
+ Bu lng lin kt my vi tu. (holding down bolts, chock bolts)
- Cch kim tra:
+ nh k kim tra: c quy nh bi hng ch to theo gi cng tc k t khi lp t
xung tu : 500h, 1000h, 8000h, 16000h....
+ nh du v tr xit hin ti ca cc bu lng-ai c.
+ S dng c l lc hoc cc thit b thy lc xit li cc bu lng theo ng lc quy
nh.
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+ i vi loi xit bng thy lc th kim tra p sut ni lng, sau nng p sut xit ti
mc quy nh.
+ Th t xit li cc bu lng phi theo ng ch dn ca nh ch to.
+ Lp s v tr cc bu lng xit theo th t v cc s liu p sut ni lng, lc xit,
gc xoay so vi ban u.
+ nh gi mc ni lng tip tc theo di.
Nu cc bu lng lin kt c bn ca my chnh b ni lng s gy nn s rung ng
ln ca ng c vi b my hoc s dao ng ln gia cc phn ca ng c, c th
gy ln hng v, nt, gy cc chi tit ca ng c hoc h trc.
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Cu 52: nhng ng c c ln truyn ng trc cam bng xch, vic iu chnh
cng ca xch nhm mc ch g? Nu qui trnh iu chnh sc cng ca
mt xch cam c th.
Yu cu:
- Nm c s v nguyn tc dn ng trc cam bng xch.
- Nm c vai tr ca trc cam.
- Nm c quy trnh iu chnh sc cng ca mt xch cam c th.
Hng dn tr li:
- Nhng ng c c ln c chiu cao ln, trc cam ca ng c thng c dn ng
bng xch.
- Trc cam ca ng c nhm iu khin cc qu trnh cp nhin liu, qu trnh trao i
kh v phn phi kh khi ng c.
- Xch cam b chng c th gy ra cc hin tng:
+ Lm sai lch gc phun sm nhin liu
+ Lm sai lch thi im ng m cc xupap v gc cp kh khi ng
+ Lm h hng xch cam do va p vi phn dn hng xch cam
Vic iu chnh cng ca xch cam nhm khc phc cc hin tng trn.
- Quy trnh iu chnh sc cng ca mt xch cam c th (hnh v):
72/158
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74/158
Cu 53: Hy nu quy trnh kim tra nh k ni hi.

Yu cu: Trnh by cc bc thc hin quy trnh kim tra nh k ni hi.
Hng dn tr li:
Kim tra nh k ni hi c thc hin 5 nm/ ln. Chu ky kim tra nh k ni hi
trng vi chu k kim tra nh k ca tu.
Kim tra nh k ni hi nhm mc ch duy tr ni hi lun trong trng thi hot ng
an ton, kinh t.
Quy trnh kim tra nh k ni hi gm cc bc sau:
V sinh, kim tra 2 pha b mt trao i nhit ni hi
Bo dng, th kn li ton b cc van chn, van mt chiu trong h thng hi, h
thng cp nc ni hi, h thng gn mt, x y ni hi .v.v., m bo cc van
ny trong trng thi lm vic tt.
Bo dng li cc ng ng hi, ng nc v thay th cc ng khc nu cc ng ny
khng m bo cht lng;
Bo dng, kim tra cc thit b bung t;
Bo dng cc bm du t, bm cp nc ni, bm tun hon v cc ng c in
lai;
Bo dng, kim tra, hiu chnh cc van an ton ni hi;
Bo dng, kim tra h thng t ng v h thng bo v cho ni hi;
Bo dng, kim tra cc thit b ch bo. Kim tra chun ha p k, cp GCN
Th thy lc ni hi;
Bc li cch nhit cho cc ng hi, v ni hi;
Th hot ng ca ni hi cc ch bng tay v t ng;
Th, kim tra cc chc nng bo v ni hi;
Th p lc m van an ton ca ni hi;
Th kn ca cc van an ton, van chn;
Tt c cc cng vic trn c thc hin di s gim st ca cc ng kim vin.

Sau khi cng vic th hon tt v m bo yu cu i vi cc ni hi th ng kim s
cp giy chng nhn an ton cho php ni hi hot ng.
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Cu 54: Hy nu quy trnh kim tra nh k trc chn vt, bc trc chn vt, chn
vt (loi c then, khng c then);
Yu cu:
Trnh by c quy trnh tho chn vt, rt trc chn vt kim tra nh k.
Trnh by quy trnh kim tra nh k chn vt, bc trc chn vt v chn vt.
Hng dn tr li:
Theo quy nh, chu k kim tra nh k trc chn vt l 5 nm, trng vi k kim tra
trn .
Kim tra nh k trc chn vt: phi rt trc chn vt, tho chn vt ra kim tra trc
chn vt, bc trc chn vt v chn vt.
75/158
a. Quy trnh tho, kim tra chn vt

- Chun b dng c chuyn dng tho chn vt; gi chn vt;
- Tho p chn rc. Kim tra khe h bc trc chn vt i vi loi bc cao su, nha, g
bi trn lm mt bng nc di s gim st ca ng kim, KCS, my trng v bn
sa cha.
- Tho np chp u trc chn vt. Dng dng c chuyn dng tho ai c hm u
trc.
- o khong cch, nh du xc nh v tr hng trc l cn chn vt vi trc.
- Dng kch thy lc tch chn vt ra khi u trc chn vt (c l lp gic co ni, ch
theo di, ghi li p sut thy lc ln nht lc tho (c bit i vi loi khng then).
- H trc chn vt xung gi v sinh, kim tra di s gim st ca ng kim, KCS,
my trng, bn sa cha. Lp h s k thut:
Ch cc O-ring lm kn nc cn chn vt.
V sinh, nh bng, kim tra n mn, xm thc, bin dng mp mo, st m
cnh chn vt, lp phng n khc phc.
Kim tra vt nt c cnh chn vt bng Micro Check Colour.
Kim tra l cn, tip xc vi cn trc, r li t tip xc theo yu cu.
-Lp chn vt ngc vi quy trnh khi tho. Ch quy trnh p cn chn vt phi c s
ph duyt ca ng kim, c bit i vi loi khng then. Kim tra, so snh khong
cch hng trc ca c chn vt vi trc khi tho vi sau khi lp.
Lp h s k thut thng nht cc bc chuyn tip quy trnh c s gim st, k
xc nhn ca cc bn.
b. Rt, kim tra trc chn vt
- Tho cc bulng c nh mt bch tuc t ni trc chn vt vi trc trung gian;
- Tho trc trung gian.
- Chun b gi trc chn vt;
- Tho b lm kn c trc chn vt;
- Rt trc chn vt ra khi trc chn vt v pha trong bung my
- a trc chn vt vo v tr gi trc chn vt v sinh, kim tra, o di s gim
st ca ng kim, KCS, my trng v bn sa cha. Lp h s k thut:
Kch thc ng bao, c trc, b mt, mi mn, nh gi, lp phng n sa
cha.
V tr tip xc vi pht lm kn, tt
Kim tra ng tm trn my tin
- Lp trc ngc vi quy trnh khi tho. Ch thay mi cc tt, pht lm kn, pht d tr
pha trc v pha sau theo kt cu loi trc chn vt.
-Th kn cc pht lm kn sau khi lp. c bit ch i vi b lm kn kiu simplex,
trc chn vt c bi trn bng du;
-Th kn sm kh lm kn: kn ca sm, ng kn vi c trc.
xc nhn ca cc bn.
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c. Kim tra bc trc chn vt

- V sinh, kim tra di s gim st ca ng kim, KCS, my trng, bn sa cha. Lp
h s k thut:
B mt ca bc trc chn vt;
o, kim tra kch thc bc, xc nh mi mn, khe h vi c trc, nh gi,
lp phng n sa cha.
Nu thay bc trc chn vt, quy trnh gia cng, lp t phi c s ph duyt v
gim st ca ng kim.
xc nhn ca cc bn.
Ch : i vi loi trc chn vt c bi trn bng du, vic tho kim tra trc chn vt
nh k c th c ng kim xem xt min gim qua kt qu kim tra phn tch mu
du bi trn (6 thng/ ln) v s liu cc thng s cng tc ca h trc chn vt trong nht
k.
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Cu 55: Hy nu quy trnh kim tra nh k bnh li, trc bnh li, bc trc bnh
li.
Yu cu:
Trnh by c quy trnh tho bnh li, rt trc bnh li kim tra nh k.
Trnh by quy trnh kim tra nh k bnh li, trc bnh li, bc trc bnh li.
Hng dn tr li:
Theo quy nh ca ng kim, chu k kim tra nh k h bnh li trc li l 5 nm.
Kim tra nh k: phi tho bnh li, rt trc bnh li ra kim tra trc bnh li, bc trc
bnh li v bnh li.
a. Quy trnh tho bnh li ra khi trc bnh li
Chun b dng c chuyn dng tho bnh li.
Chun b dng c chuyn dng tho trc bnh li;
Chun b dng c chuyn dng tho bc trc bnh li;
Chun b dng c o khe h trc v bc trc bnh li;
Chun b gi treo bnh li, trc bnh li;
o, kim tra khe h bc gt li
Tho lin kt gia trc bnh li vi bnh li v c cu li;
Tho, a bnh li v trc bnh li ra khi , chuyn v tr gi t hp l.
b. Quy trnh kim tra trc bnh li, bc trc bnh li v bnh li
- V sinh sch trc bnh li, bc trc bnh li v bnh li;
- Kim tra trng thi cc b mt c trc (ng bao), cc bc trc. o cc kch thc, nh
gi trng thi k thut.
- Kim tra trng thi ca v a treo trc li;
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- Kim tra ng knh cht bnh li (gt li)v ng knh trong ca bc cht bnh
li (gt li), nh gi trng thi k thut.
- Kim tra ng tm gia tm bc trc li v tm bc cht bnh li (gt li);
- Th thy lc bnh li;
- nh gi trng thi k thut, thng nht phng n sa cha vi s gim st v xc
nhn ca ng kim, KCS, my trng, bn sa cha.
- Lp bng s liu cc kt qu kim tra sau mi bc cng ngh vi s gim st v xc
nhn ca ng kim, KCS, my trng, bn sa cha.
c. Lp rp bnh li vo b
Lp cc O-ring lm kn, bi m bi trn vo c trc bnh li, bc ;
Lp bnh li trc bnh lai v a bnh li vo b trc bnh li;
Lp rp b treo bnh li;
Lp rp lin kt gia trc bnh li vi c cu li;
Bm m bi trn vo cc trc bnh li;
Lp h s k thut thng nht cc bc chuyn tip quy trnh c s gim st, k xc
nhn ca cc bn.
Lp h s k thut trnh ng kim (t nht 4 b: K, Nh my, Ch tu, Tu)
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Cu 56: Khi o p sut chy v p sut nn ca ng c bng INDICATOR cn ch

g c kt qu chnh xc. Hiu chnh s ng u ca cc xi lanh nh
th no c kt qu tt?
Yu cu:
- Hiu r v th cng ch th, th khai trin v cc thng s c trng;
- nh gi cng sut ch th xi lanh ng c;
Hng dn tr li:
o p sut chy v p sut nn ca ng c bng INDICATOR c c cc s liu
v p sut c trng cho qu trnh cng tc ca ng c. Cc s liu o c c dng
nh gi tnh cht qu trnh chy v tnh trng k thut cc chi tit, thit b lin quan.
Chnh v vy, cn phi tin hnh o cc s liu chnh xc, phn nh c tnh cht qu
trnh chy v tnh trng k thut ng c.
Mt s lu :
S liu o phi km theo iu kin hnh hi ca con tu v thi tit (kh hu). Ch o
trong iu kin thi tit tt, bin m. Thng bo cho bn boong khng thay i hng
i ca tu.
S liu o p sut nn, p sut chy cho ring mt xi lanh, km theo ch s thanh rng
bm cao p, nhit kh x, v cc lu v tnh trng k thut, gc phun sm (nu
c);
Ch o mc ti v vng quay khai thc (ch khai thc thng xuyn);
Ch o iu kin khai thc n nh; iu kin o cho cc xi lanh ging nhau; Gi
nguyn v tr thanh rng BCA v VIT nu c th.
Cc van bit x khng b tc hoc mui bm gy nghn; khng c hin tng r lt ra
ngoi qua ty van bit x hoc u ni vi Indicator;
Cp xi lanh, piston ca Indicator c kim tra nh du sau mi ln o; lp li ng.
Chn cng ca l xo, thang chia, giy v ng chng loi, ph hp cho ng c
cn o.
nh gi s liu v hiu chnh:
S liu o ca cc xi lanh c so snh vi nhau v nh gi bao gm p sut nn, p
sut chy, ch s thanh rng bm cao p, nhit kh x v gc phun sm nhin liu. Cn
c vo l lch my, tnh trng khai thc hin ti xc nh cc gi tr c nh gi cao,
thp hay bnh thng hiu chnh li ng c nu cn thit.
Mt s trng hp nh gi v hiu chnh nh sau:
1. p sut chy qu cao
- Gc phun sm nhin liu qu cao, thng km theo nhit kh x thp hn bnh
thng, yu cu tip theo kim tra, hiu chnh gc phun sm;
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- Lng nhin liu ln hn cc xi lanh khc, thng km theo nhit kh x cao hn

bnh thng, yu cu tip theo kim tra v hiu chnh li ch s thanh rng bm cao p
ca xi lanh ;
2. p sut chy qu thp
- Gc phun sm nhin liu qu mun, thng km theo nhit kh x cao hn bnh
thng, yu cu tip theo kim tra, hiu chnh gc phun sm;
- Lng nhin liu t hn cc xi lanh khc, thng km theo nhit kh x thp hn bnh
thng, yu cu tip theo kim tra v hiu chnh li ch s thanh rng bm cao p ca xi
lanh ;
3. p sut nn v p sut chy cng qu thp
- Tnh trng k thut b hi km (xi lanh, xc mng, xu pp, ...), thng km theo nhit
kh x cao hn bnh thng, yu cu kim tra, sa cha b hi;
- Chiu cao bung t hoc th tch bung t Vc ln hn bnh thng, yu cu kim tra,
sa cha b hi;
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Cu 57:Khi vn hnh h trc chn vt c bi trn lm mt bng nc, bng du
cn ch nhng g? Khi pht hin du bi trn trc chn vt c nc ln
vo, x l nh th no cho h thng hot ng?
Yu cu:
- Hiu r v nguyn l kt cu c bn ca h trc chn vt bi trn lm mt bng nc,
bng du v xc nh c cc ch cn thit khi khai thc vn hnh.
- Cch x l khi pht hin du bi trn trc chn vt c nc ln vo cho h thng vn
hot ng c an ton tm thi n khi c iu kin sa cha.
Hng dn tr li:
1-i vi loi trc chn vt bi trn bng nc:
Bc trc chn vt thng c lm bng vt liu: g gai c, cao su, nha...
Trc v bc trc chn vt c bi trn cng bc bng nc bin do h thng bm van
ng cp t bung my, sau khi bi trn lm mt trc, bc thot ra ngoi mn qua c trc
pha sau. on c trc tip xc vi bc trc v b lm kn c bc bi ng bao vt liu
thng l hp kim ng, c pht O-ring lm kn vi c trc.
B lm kn c trc pha bung my ( pha trc) c lm kn bng tt (gland packing)
hoc pht lm kn (seal).
Thng c b sm kh (khi cp kh nn vi p sut quy nh, sm kh phng ra m cht c
ng bao trc, ngn khng cho nc vo bung my) lm kn c trc pha trc khi cn
thit phi tho, thay tt hoc pht lm kn trong trng hp tu khng trn dock.
Ch khi vn hnh:
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Hiu r kt cu, hng dn ca hng ch to. nh gi c trng thi k thut hin

ti
Thng xuyn theo di lng nc r r ra c trc-b lm kn kiu pht: kn tuyt
i, nu r ch l lng rt nh cho php. nh k kim tra pht d tr c lp sn
thay th nu cn thit.
Thng xuyn theo di lng nc r r ra c trc-b lm kn kiu tt: thng c
mt lng rt nh cho php, s kim tra b p tt phi mt, khngp tt qu cht.
gim lng nc r r qua tt khi tu dng, co th xit p tt thm mt cht n skhi
thy kn nc. Trc khi tu chy phi ni ra nh c, ch xit, p thm khi lng
nc r qu mc cho php. Thm vng tt khi cn thit.
nh k, th kim tra kn ca sm kh
Duy tr p sut v lu lng nc bi trn v lm mt trc-bc trc chn vt
1-i vi loi trc chn vt bi trn bng du:
Bc trc chn vt thng c lm bng vt liu: babit, hp kim ng...
Trc v bc trc chn vt c ngm v bi trn bng du do h thng kt trng lc
v van ng to s tun hon ca trc qua s quay ca c trc v tun hon t nhin
hoc tun hon cng bc (bm tun hon). Khoang cha c trc- bc trc c lm
mt bi nc ngt kt nc lm mt trc chn vt.
B lm kn c trc pha bung my (pha trc) c lm kn du bi trn khng r
vo bung my bng pht lm kn (seal), thng l php 2 cp hoc 3 cp vi kt cu
lm kn 2 pha (kiu SIMPLEX) bo m an ton, thay th nhau khi cn thit. Du
bi trn lm mt khoang ngn cch pht d tr pha trc thng c to dng
tun hon qua kt du lm mt bng khng kh pha trong bung my.
B lm kn c trc pha chn vt (pha trc) c lm kn du bi trn khng r ra
ngoi ngn khng cho nc bin r vo du bi trn bng pht lm kn (seal), thng
l pht 2 cp hoc 3 cp vi kt cu lm kn 2 pha (kiu SIMPLEX) bo m an
ton, thay th nhau khi cn thit bng vic chuyn i h thng van ng hp l. V p
lc tnh ca nc bin thay i theo mn nc v sng gi nn p lc tnh ca du bi
trn trong khoang c trc bc phi lun cao hn p lc tnh ca nc bin mt gi tr
nht nh trong mi trng hp bng cch b tr kt du trng lc c cao nht nh.
Nhng nu chnh lch ln qu th li lm cho pht nhanh b mi mn do lc ma st
vi c trc qu ln. i vi vi tu co mn nc su thi co th to ra 2 cp kt trng
lc (kiu head pipe cp cao).
Ch khi vn hnh:
Hiu r kt cu, hng dn vn hnh ca hng ch to. nh gi c trng thi k
thut hin ti
Thng xuyn theo di lng du, mu du, nhit du kt du c pht pha
trc. Nu bt thng phi x l kp thi
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Thng xuyn theo di lng du, mu du, nhit du kt du trng lc. Nu bt

thng phi x l kp thi.
nh k kim tra cc van kim tra cht lng du cc khoang cch ly cc cp pht
lm kn (test cock). Nu bt thng phi x l kp thi
Trnh chn vt b qun li d hng pht lm kn pha sau. Yu cu hn dao ct
li t ct li nu bi qun li.
Hiu, vn hnh, x l nhanh nu cc pht lm kn pha ngoi cng (pha sau) hoc
pht pha trong cng (pha trc) b h hng khng kn.
nh k 6 thng 1 ln, ly mu du bi trn ha nghim, phn tch cht lng du
nh gi tnh trng k thut ca h thng.
Mc kt nc lm mt phi c duy tr .
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Cu 58: Khi vn hnh my chnh lai chn vt bin bc v h thng iu khin bc

chn vt cn ch g?
Yu cu:
- Hiu r v nguyn l, kt cu h trc chn vt bin bc;
- Hiu v h thng iu khin my chnh v chn vt bin bc;
Hng dn tr li:
Khai thc my chnh l ng c diesel lai chn vt bin bc c hai phng php:
- Gi tc quay ca my chnh khng i trong khi thay i bc chn vt;
- Thay i ng b c tc quay ca my chnh v bc chn vt;
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Mt s lu :
Trng hp gi tc quay khng i trong khi thay i bc chn vt c u im l
n gin, c th cho chy mt pht ng trc, nhng hiu sut cng tc ca chn vt
khng th khng cao, c bit l vng bc b phn, hiu sut cng tc ca chn vt
rt thp. Thng dng ch iu khin h tr ( backup control) v khi cho my
pht ng trc lm vic.
Trng hp iu khin ng b c tc quay ca my chnh v bc chn vt, hiu
sut chn vt lun c duy tr gi tr rt cao (c tnh ton thit k trc). Khi
ch iu khin ny, My pht ng trc khng lm vic.
Hin nay, h thng iu khin my chnh lai chn vt bin bc thng c thit k
c th iu khin c c 2 ch ty theo thc t khai thc nhm mc ch nng cao
hiu sut cng tc chung ca h ng lc.
Trong cu trc ca h thng h thng iu khin my chnh lai chn vt bin bc c
B iu khin ti ng vai tr c bit quan trng bo v ng c khng b qu ti
v c (qu ti m men) khi iu khin bc chn vt cc ch tc quay khc
nhau ca my chnh. c tnh gii hn ti ca ng c ng vi mi tc quay khai
thc c xy dng ph hp vi mi loi ng c (c hng dn bi hng ch to
- thng c t trc v c th hiu chnh c). Nguyn l lm vic ca B iu
khin ti l: c tnh gii hn mc cp nhin liu theo tc khai thc c t
trc, B iu khin ti ly tn hiu tc t (cho BT), tc quay tc thi, v tr
thanh rng bm cao p tc thi (engine load indicator), bc chn vt hin ti...Khi
mt ch tc no , nu ti ca ng c vt qua gi hn (theo c tnh gii
hn ph ti) th B iu khin ti s to tn hiu iu khin gim bc chn vt
gim ti cho ng c. B iu khin ti lm vic c 2 ch iu khin chn vt
bin bc. Cn c bit ch theo di, duy tr tt s hot ng ca b iu khin ti.
Khng t hiu chnh c tnh gii hn ti.
Khng nn thay i bc qu nhanh hoc tng bc qu mc cho php. c bit lu
khi iu khin bc chn vt ch vng quay khng i.
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Cu 59: Khi khai thc vn hnh my chnh lai chn vt bin bc c gia ti my
pht in cn ch nhng g? Quy trnh chuyn i my pht chnh v
my pht ng trc nh th no?
Yu cu:
- Hiu r v nguyn l, kt cu h trc chn vt bin bc v my pht ng trc.
- Hiu v h thng iu khin my chnh v chn vt bin bc;
Hng dn tr li:
Vn hnh my chnh lai chn vt bin bc c gia ti my pht in, Khi cho my pht
ng trc lm vic, cn c bit lu mt s im sau:
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Tn s my pht phi n nh v t gi tr nh mc thng qua tc quay my

chnh.Ch cho my pht ng trc lm vic khi chn ch iu khin bc chn vt
vng quay khng i v vng quay t tn s nh mc.
Khi tu hnh trnh n nh, c th tt my pht chnh, my pht ng trc cp in
cho ton tu. Ch ph ti ca my pht, trnh qu ti cho my pht ng trc. Khi
ph ti my pht ng trc ln qu mc cho php (cp cho ph ti ngoi tu:
container lnh) th nn chay thm my pht chnh, tch ring ph ti ngoi tu cho
my pht ng trc qua cu dao phn on. My pht chnh cp in cho ph ti tu.
Khng nn cho hot ng song song my pht chnh vi my pht ng trc.
Khi ma n iu ng, phi chy my pht chnh cp in cho ph ti tu. My pht
ng trc nn dng hoc ch cp cho ph ti ngoi tu khi cn thit.
Quy trnh chuyn i gia my pht chnh v my pht gia ti:
Xc nh cc iu kin hnh hi ph hp cho chy my pht gia ti;
Chn ch iu khin bc chn vt vng quay khng i v vng quay t tn
s nh mc.
ng khp ni my pht ng trc;
iu chnh tn s my pht ng trc thng qua iu chnh tc quay my chnh
ph hp vi tn s li in;
Kim tra, iu chnh tn s in p my pht chnh, ha ng b my pht gia ti vi
my pht chnh;
Sang ti cho my pht gia ti (gim ti my pht chnh);
Ngt my pht chnh ra khi li, kim tra ti ca my pht ng trc, ti my chnh,
bc chn vt, b iu khin ti;
Cp in cho cc ph ti cn thit. Theo di, quyt nh ch khai thc;
Chun b sn sng cc my pht chnh, cc trang thit b phc v ... trong trng hp
cn thay i ch khai thc.
Quy trnh chuyn i gia my pht gia ti v my pht chnh:
Khi ng my pht chnh.
Kim tra ph ti my pht ng trc.
Kim tra, iu chnh tn s in p my pht chnh, ha ng b my pht chnh vi
my pht ng trc;
Sang ti cho my pht chnh (tng ti my pht chnh);
Ngt my pht ng trc ra khi li, kim tra ti ca my pht chnh v my pht
ng trc;
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Cu 60: Khi vn hnh ng c chnh c h truyn ng o chiu quay chn vt qua

hp s c ly hp ma st cn ch g i vi ch iu khin t ng hoc
bng tay?
Yu cu:
- Hiu r v nguyn l, kt cu h trc truyn ng chn vt qua hp s c ly hp;
- Nm c cc ch c bn khi vn hnh h thng trong trng hp iu khin ly hp
v i chiu quay chn vt;
Hng dn tr li:
iu cn ch nht i vi h truyn ng o chiu quay chn vt qua hp s c ly hp
ma st l tc quay ng c khi ng ly hp v trng thi o chiu ngc li, vo ly
hp khi chn vt vn quay theo chiu c do ch tua bin ca chn vt.
tng tnh c ng ca tu v gim nh hng tc quay ca ng c v chn vt khi
vo ly hp ti s lm vic ca ng c v tin cy ca ly hp, ngi ta thng thit k
hp s c sn 2 cp bnh rng n khp dn ng 2 h trc, 1 trc quay theo chiu tin v
1 trc quay theo chiu li khi ng c quay 1 chiu, c 2 ly hp ma st ngm trong du
(mi ly hp cho ch ti hoc li) c iu khin bng h thng thy lc. Khi ch
dng ( Stop- Neutral), ca 2 ly hp u ngt, khi ti th ly hp ti ng, khi li th ly
hp li ng.
i vi ch ra vo ly hp iu khin bng tay:
- Thng dng khi kim tra, th ly hp, v dng iu khin khi s c. Khi iu khin
bng tay, cc thng s iu khin qu trnh ng-ngt ly hp khng c t ng, kh
lin ng v thit b bo v an ton c ngt ra, v vy vic cht lng iu khin ly
hp ph thuuc vo ngi iu khin, bn v tin cy ca ly hp khng cao, my
chnh d b qu ti cc b;
- ch iu khin t ng, tay iu khin ly hp, o chiu v tc quay may chnh
c tch hp trn 1 tay iu khin. Ngi iu khin ch to cc lnh n theo v tr v
gc nghing ca tay iu khin, qu trnh gim tc , ngt ly hp o chiu vo ly hp
c t ng ha theo 1 chng trnh ti u nh trc, bo m an ton, c h thng
gim st, kha lin ng, bo ng bo v. V vy vic cht lng iu khin ly hp
khng ph thuc vo ngi iu khin, bn v tin cy ca ly hp c bo m,
my chnh khng b qu ti cc b;
Nhng ch khi cn thit:
Phi hiu r kt cu, nguyn l hot ng ca hp s, h thng iu khin, cc hng
dn quy trnh vn hnh, kim tra, bo dng h thng.
c bit ch v hiu chnh ng cc thng s iu khin qu trnh vo/ ra ly hp:
Phm vi tc cho php vo ly hp, tc vo/ra ly hp, kha lin ng, cc gi tr
t bo ng, bo v: p sut du bi trn, du cng tc, du iu khin, nhit du,
iu khin bm du thy lc....
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p sut du bi trn, du cng tc, du iu khin sut du phi c duy tr gi tr

quy nh. p lc du thy lc thp, lc ng ly hp khng , gy trt ly hp, d
lm hng ly hp, tc chn vt thp, cng sut ng c gim.
nh k v sinh phin lc du, bu sinh hn du, bo dng bm du.
Khi iu khin vo/ ra ly hp ch bng tay, phi iu chnh tc ng c ph
hp (theo ch t ng), nu thp qu ng c d b qu ti cc b v c th b
dng do vng quay b gim t ngt qu thp. Nu tc qu cao th d lm chy
hng ly hp, ng c cng d b qu ti.
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Cu 61: Hy trnh by v h thng kim sot hi du cc te. Nu v phn tch nhng
nguyn nhn gy ra chy n cc te, chy n khoang gi qut ng c
chnh?
Yu cu:
- Hiu r v nguyn l, kt cu v h thng kim sot hi du cc te;
- Nu v phn tch nhng nguyn nhn gy ra chy n cc te, chy n khoang gi qut
ng c chnh, nhng ch trong khai thc vn hnh trnh chy n cc te, chy n
khoang gi qut.
Hng dn tr li:
H thng t ng bo mt hi du trong cc te ca ng c lai chn vt tu thu ng
vai tr quan trng i vi s an ton ca ng c v h ng lc.
Khi ng c hot ng, du nhn nng ln do nhn nhit ca cc chi tit m o bi trn-
lm mt v do ni ma st ca du trong qu trnh lun chuyn qua bm, ng ng...Khi
nhit cao, du nhn bay hi nhiu hn lm tng mt hi du trong cc te. Khi mt
hi du trong cc te t n mt gi tr no s to ra mt hn hp hi du-khng
kh c nguy c chy n nu tip xc vi ngun nhit, la. Chy n hi du trong cc te rt
nguy him cho ngi v HL, c th gy chy bung my...
bo m an ton, ng c c trang b h thng o-ch bo- bo ng mt hi
du trong cc te ng c ngi khi thc kim tra, bit v x l kp thi. Trnh c
nhng s c chy n cc te ng c.
Nguyn l hot ng ca mt h thng t ng bo mt hi du trong cc te ca
ng c lai chn vt tu thu c th hin trn hnh 61.1:
Hi du trong cc khoang ccte ca mi xi lanh ng c c a ti ng ly mu
(sample pipe). Mt thit b quay dn ng a phn phi ln ltt ly mu hi du ca
cc khoang cacte tng xi lanh ri a vo ng o (measuring tube) kiu t bo quang
in. Bnh thng, trng thi dng in ca t bo quang in ng o (measuring tube)
v ng mu (reference tube cn bng nhau. Nu mt hi du ng o cng cao, gy
cn nh sng ti t bo quang in, to ra s mt cn bng v dng in, lch ny th
hin trn thit b o mt hi du (mg/ltr) v h thng n LED ch bo qua mc
sng v mu sng ch bo mc nguy him (xanh-vng - ). Khi t n gi tr gii
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hn t bo ng th h thng s bo ng cho ngi khai thc bit qua n, ci v h bo

ng chung.
Qut gi c tc dng lin tc ht hi du t cc khoang cc te vo ng o.
Nhng nguyn nhn gy chy n cc te:
-Do ng c bi qu ti
-Kh chy lt xung cc te
-Chy hng xec mng/ piston/ smi xi lanh
-Du c lm mt km
-Du cc te b ln du DO
-B chy bc trc, bin
-Mt du, p lc du bi trn
-ng thng hi cc te b tc
Nguyn nhn chy n khoang gi qut ca ng c c patanh bn trt:
Do tch t nhiu du bi trn smi xi lanh v du tun hon (qua b lm kn cn
piston) trong khoang gi qut khi b tc ng ng x du hoc phin lc, ng van
chn x du khoang gi qut ( trnh mt gi tng p-hiu sai quy trnh vn hnh)
to thnh hn hp hi du d gy chy n khi c ngun nhit.
Do Piston loi ng c c patanh ban trt thng ngn, nn khi xc mng b gy-
b kt-mn, xi lanh v piston mn nhiu lm kh chy lt xung khoang gi qut
gy chy n khoang gi qut.
Do qu trnh chy km, chy rt ko di, i p ng x ln trong khi p sut
tng p thp, khi piston m ca qut kh chy c p sut ln hn khng kh tng
p, thi ngc vo khoang gi qut;
Ch khi khai thc h thng:
- Khi c bo ng mt hi du cc te cao, cn phi gim ti hoc dng my
bo m an ton, xc nh nguyn nhn x l.
-nh k bo dng tt cc thit b ca h thng kim sot hi du cc te. ng
cm bin, t bo quang in nh k phi kim tra, v sinh, bo m nhy,
chnh xc. Ngi s dng phi c ti liu hng dn, hiu hit r v h thng
hiu chnh, bo dng cc thit b trong h thng.
-Thng xuyn kim tra, nh gi trng thi k thut ca ng c (Pc, Pz, Tkx,
Ps...)
- nh k bo dng nhm piston-smi xi lanh v cc h thng thit b phc v,
duy tr trng thi k thut tt.
- Trnh ng c b qu ti, Pz qu cao
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- Thng xuyn kim tra cc van, ng x du khoang gi qut, trnh b tc.

Khng c thng ng van x du khoang gi qut.
Hnh 61.1 : H thng t ng kim tra bo mt hi du trong cc te
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 62: Cc kt du thy lc cc trm bm bm tay ln cc kt ct p tnh
mc du nh th no l hp l? V sao? Khi vn hnh h thng cu thy
lc trong thi tit bng gi cn ch g?.
Yu cu:
Trnh by chc nng ca cc kt du thy lc cc trm bm bm tay ln kt ct p
tnh, t xc nh mc du hp l trong kt.
Trnh by cc lu khi vn hnh cc h thng cu thy lc trong thi tit bng gi.
Hng dn tr li:
1-Mc du trong kt du thy lc cc trm bm bm tay ln kt ct p tnh
Kt du thy lc cc trm bm bm ln cc kt ct p tnh thit k cha c
ln hn ton b lng du trong h thng thy lc, k c kt ct p tnh. Khi cn bo
dng h thng th c th x du v kt bo dng cc thit b trong h thng. Ngoi
ra khi cng tc, du nng ln, gin n s trn v kt cha. Chnh v vy m lng du
trong kt khi cha np vo h thng cn duy tr mc cao nht ca kt c phn nh
trn ng thy. Sau khi b sung du vo y h thng th lng du cn li trong kt chnh
l lng du d tr hp l b sung cho h thng (v tr thp nht trong ng thy ca
kt).
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Khi h thng hot ng bnh thng, nu duy tr mc du trong kt cao hn mc ny

th khi ta cn x du trong h thng v kt sa cha hoc v sinh th s lm cho kt qu
y, trn ra ngoi gy lng ph v nhim mi trng.
Nu duy tr mc du thp hn th khi cn b sung s khng c sn du b sung vo
h thng khi cn thit.
2. Khi vn hnh h thng ti/cu thy lc trong thi tit bng gi cn ch :
Hu ht cc ng ng thy lc nm trn mt boong ca tu nn khi thi tit bng
gi, nu h thng khng hot ng th rt c th du trong ng c nht rt cao, thm
ch b ng c. Nu cho h thng hot ng ngay rt d xy ra s c do p sut qu cao.
vn hnh h thng an ton th trc khi a h thng vo hot ng cn phi
hm du trong h thng. Hm du trong h thng bng cch m van i tt t ca y v
ca ht ca bm (van hm) v bt bm du tun hon. Khi bm chy tun hon, ni
ma st ca du khi lu ng sinh nhit lm du nng ln. Chy khong t 30 pht n 1
gi th du c th sy c cho ton b h thng v du trong h thng s nng ln. Khi
ta c th ng van hm v cho h thng chy tun hon hm sy du ton b h
thng. Khi th, kim tra thy h thng hot ng bnh thng th cho h thng sn sng
lm vic.
Khi dng lm hng trong thi gian ngn th khng nn tt bm m cho bm chy
tun hon sy du thy lc trong h thng. Bo m h thng lun sn sng lm vic.
Khi nhit mi trng thp hn 100C th trc khi cho bm vo hot ng ta
phi tin hnh hm du trong h thng.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 63: Khi khai thc cc ng c diesel lai my pht in chy nhin liu DO v
FO, t ng khi ng/ha ng b/chia ti/ngt my cn ch g? Ti
sao?
Yu cu:
- Hiu r nhng c im c bn ca ng c lai my pht s dng c nhin liu DO v
FO;
- Hiu v h thng t ng iu khin qu trnh b sung/ ngt bt my pht: khi ng,
ha ng b, chia ti, sang ti, ngt my pht, dng ng c lai my pht. Nhng ch
khi khai thc vn hnh h thng.
C. Hng dn tr li
c im c bn ca ca ng c lai my pht s dng c nhin liu DO v FO:
- Cn phi c v hiu r cc hng dn vn hnh ca hng ch to ng c thc hin
ng theo ch dn. Diesel lai my pht s dng nhin liu FO mang lai hiu qu kinh t
cao, nhng n kt cu v h thng phc v phc tp hn, c bit l quy trnh vn hnh,
kim tra bo dng cng cn phi lu nhiu hn.
- Ch cho ng c chy bng FO khi ph ti ln hn 18~20% ti nh mc. Nu ti thp
hn phi chuyn i sang DO.
- Khi cc t hp diesel lai my pht in c iu khin t ng hon ton. T hp
diesel lai my pht thng xuyn lm vic cho php dng nhin liu FO v ti thng ln
hn 20% ti nh mc.
- Khi cc t hp diesel lai my pht in c iu khin t ng hon ton. T hp
diesel lai my pht thng xuyn lm vic (IN SERVICE) cho php dng nhin liu FO
v ti thng ln hn 20% ti nh mc.
- Khi cc t hp diesel lai my pht in d tr (standby) c iu khin t ng b
sung/ ngt bt phi s dng nhin liu DO.
- c trang b H thng hm nhin liu FO cho G/E, phi c duy tr tt
- c trang b H thng lc tun hon LO Sump Tk, phi hot ng thng xuyn.
Chc nng h thng t ng iu khin qu trnh b sung/ ngt bt my pht:
T ng iu khin khi ng cc t hp my pht d tr (STANDBY) theo nhu
cu ti ngoi (ti ngoi> 75~85% ti nh mc ca tng s my pht ang lm vic) theo
th t, t ng ha ng b, chia ti.
T ng iu khin dng t hp my pht d tr (STANDBY) theo nhu cu ti
ngoi gim (ti ngoi< 60~70% ti nh mc ca tng s my pht lm vic sau khi ngt
mt my) theo th t ngc li, sang ti, ngt my pht, dng ng c lai my pht, tr
v trng thi sn sng ( STANDBY).
Nhng ch khi khai thc vn hnh h thng.
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- Duy tr trng thi sn sng hot ng ca ng c v tt c cc h thng phc v ng

c hot ng nh h thng nhin liu, h thng lm mt, h thng bi trn v h thng
khi ng.
- G/E hot ng thng xuyn chy bng FO, phi treo bin bo (IN SERVICE) bng
in chnh.
- Ci t chng trnh lm vic cho cc ng c lm my d phng khi ng s 1 (1 st
Standby), my d phng khi ng s 2 (2 ndStandby) ph hp theo s gi hot ng v
ch bo dng...; Treo bin bo bng in chnh mi ngi bit.
- Cc ng c diesel d phng khi ng s dng nhin liu DO v cc ng c diesel lai
my pht khi mi khi ng nht thit phi s dng du DO do c im kt cu ca
BCA v vi phun, mt khc, cc ng c ny thng ch chy trong thi gian ngn v
c t ng iu khin chy hoc dng.
- H thng hm nhin liu FO cho G/E phi c duy tr tt
- H thng lc tun hon LO Sump Tk phi hot ng thng xuyn.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 64: Khi vn hnh cc my lc ly tm c t ng ha: hm du, chng trnh
khi ng, x cn, bo trn du... cn ch g? Ti sao?
Yu cu :
-Nu nng ca h thng t ng iu khin my lc ly tm 3 pha
-Nhng ch khi vn hnh h thng t ng hm du, chng trnh khi ng, x cn,
bo trn du...
X l tt nhin liu v du bi trn ng vai tr quan trng i vi s hot ng an

ton, tin cy v kinh t ca h ng lc tu thy. Trong qu trnh x l nhin liu v du
bi trn, lc nhin liu bng my lc li tm mang li hiu qu rt ln. Hin nay cc my
lc li tm loi 3 pha c s dng rt ph bin lc nhin liu v du nhn trn tu
thy. Trn cc tu hin i, h thng my lc c t ng ha qu trnh iu khin.
Chc nng c bn ca h thng t ng iu khin my lc li tm 3 pha:
1- T ng iu chnh nhit du vo my lc qua vic t ng iu chnh ngun nng
lng hm (hi nc, du truyn nhit, in) theo nhit t trc.
2- T ng duy tr p lc nc iu khin ng trng, m trng x cn:
3- T ng iu khin qu trnh khi ng my lc
4- T ng iu khin chng trnh a my lc vo ch lc sau khi khi ng xong.
Kim tra, ch bo cc thng s cng tc ca my lc v cc trng thi lm vic hin ti
ca my lc.
5- T ng iu khin chng trnh x cn theo chu k t trc. Trong thi gian thc
hin chng trnh x cn, mch bo ng t ng mt s thng s khng tc ng.
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6- T ng iu khin chng trnh dng my lc. H thng t ng - kim tra - bo

ng - bo v :
- Bo ng p lc du ra thp
- Bo ng p lc du ra qu thp (tro du), dng s c my lc
- Bo ng du ra theo ng nc (tro du), dng s c my lc
- Bo ng trng ng khng kn, dng s c my lc
- Bo ng tc my lc thp, dng s c my lc
- Bo ng m t lai qu ti, dng s c my lc
- Bo ng thi gian khi ng my lc qu lu, khng t tc -dng ti, dng s c
my lc.
- T ng ngt mt s mch bo ng/ bo v khi thc hin chng trnh x cn. T ng
vo lm vic khi thc hin xong chng trnh x cn.
- Bo ng mc kt cn cao.
- T ng kim tra, xc nh li v bo li cc chng trnh iu khin.
Nhng ch khi vn hnh h thng:
iu quan trng trc tin l ngi vn hnh, bo dng h thng phi c k ti liu
hng dn, hiu nguyn l kt cu v lm vic ca h thng, cc ch dn v quy trnh vn
hnh, bo dng, hiu chnh cc thit b ca h thng p dng vo thc t.
1-Thit b ca h thng phc v my lc:
- Kim tra s lm vic ca cc thit b, cc thng s cng tc trong gii hn cho php.
nh k bo dng, duy tr cc thit b trng thi tt: cc thng s cng tc ca ngun
nng lng hm sy nh p sut hi, nhit du truyn nhit, in p). Bu hm
trng thi tt, phin lc ng nc ngng, phin lc nhin liu, b tch nc (water trap),
- ch hm ban u khi nhit du thp, nn ch iu chnh bng tay, trnh

lng hi hm vo bu hm m qu ln.
- t nhit hm ph hp
-Ngun nc iu khin, cp nc m: p sut t yu cu
Hnh 64.1 th hin s chc nng ca mt h thng t ng iu khin my lc
li tm 3 pha lc nhin liu FO t kt lng vo kt trc nht.
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BNG IU
KHIN
Ctrl
PS air
PS
T
PS
Q
Servic WD
eFO
Tk
OD
PS
Servic
eFW PS
T
WD
WD FO
Heater
Sludge Tk
Pressuer
gauge
Solenoid Q Flow sensor WD
Water
detector steam
Reducing valve OD Oil detector FO
Thermometer
Pump Level
Three way valve detector
Stop valve
Hnh 64.1 S h thng t ng iu
T Thermostat khin my lc li tm 3 pha lc FO
Orifice disc
PS Pressure Filter/
switch Strainer
2-Thit b ca my lc:
Kim tra s lm vic ca my lc, cc thng s cng tc trong gii hn cho php. nh k
bo dng, duy tr cc b phn ca my lc trng thi tt.
3-Thit b ca h thng t ng iu khin my lc:
Kim tra s lm vic ca h thng, thc hin chng trnh iu khin, cc thng s iu
khin. nh k kim tra, bo dng, hiu chnh cc phn t ca h thng duy tr trng
thi hot ng tt:
-Theo di dng ti m t khi khi ng my lc, s rung ng
-Th iu khin bng tay, kim tra s hot ng ca cc thit b chc chn tt trc khi
cho hot ng t ng.
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-Th kim tra h thng bo ng, bo v

-Kim tra s ng m trng, chc chn trng ng kn
-Kim nc iu khin m bo kn
-iu chnh sn lng lc hp l
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 65: H thng tua bin my nn tng p trc kiu bc, bi trn bng du
nhn c t ng bo ng, bo v nh th no? Th, kim tra h thng
ny nh th no?
Yu cu:
- Hiu r nguyn l kt cu, lm vic ca tua bin tng p dng bc trc r to v h
thng bi trn;
- Hiu r cc chc nng t ng bo ng, kha lin ng, bo v t hp tuabin my
nn tng p, phng php th, kim tra v nhng ch khi khai thc h thng.
Hng dn tr li:
Tua bin tng p dng bc trc rto c u im hn vng bi l kh nng chu ti
ca bc cao v c bit l cho php tc quay roto tua bin rt cao, chy m, n thp.
Nhng h thng bi trn trc-bc roto li phc tp hn v cn c tin cy cao.
c im kt cu ca t hp tua bin tng p dng bc v h thng bi trn l:
- Trc roto Tuabin c 2 bc v 1 bc chn dc trc v 2 pha
- H thng bi trn dng du ring hoc c th dng chung vi du bi trn tun hon
ng c, h thng bm du nhn, phin lc, van gim p t ng iu chnh p sut du
bi trn, ng ng cp du cng bc n bi trn cho cc bc v bc chn, kt du
trng lc duy tr p lc du bi trn tua bin quay theo qun tnh trong mt thi gian
nht nh khi c s c v mt p lc du bi trn v cc thit b ph km theo( ng thy
quan st dng chy , c cu ch bo dng chy, van 1 chiu, van chn.....)
Chc nng ca h thng t ng bo ng, kha lin ng, bo v t hp tuabin my
nn l:
-Nu p lc du bi trn tua bin thp, khng khi ng c qut gi ph
-Bo ng p lc du bi trn tua bin thp
-Bo ng nhit du bi trn tua bin cao
-Bo ng mc du bi trn tua bin trong kt trng lc thp
-Bo ng mc du bi trn tua bin trong kt du tun hon thp
-Dng s c ng c khi p lc du bi trn tua bin thp
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Phng php kim tra h thng bo ng:

Mch bo ng/ bo v theo p sut du bi trn: c th thit b chuyn dng kiu
kh nn, c van gim p to tn hiu p sut iu chnh c vo r le cm bin p sut
iu khin. Hoc dng tn hiu p sut du bi trn ca bm to tn hiu ban u, sau
ng li, iu chnh van x tht t t gim p sut trong rowle p sut xc nh p
sut tc ng. Kim tra tn hiu bo ng/ bo v, s hot ng ca qut gi ph. Ngoi
ra, khi dng bm du nhn cng nh gi c mch bo ng/ bo v theo p sut du
bi trn c hot ng hay khng.
Mch bo ng nhit : Nhng bu cm bin r le nhit vao nc nng, kim
sot gi tr nhit m rowle nhit tc ng
Mch bo ng mc du trong kt: X t t mc du trong kt, kim tra s tc
ng ca cm bin mc kt, bo ng mc kt thp
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 66: Hy nu v phn tch nhng nguyn nhn gy ra hin tng ho (surging)
tuabin - my nn tng p? Nu bin php x l.
Yu cu:
- Hiu v qu trnh trao i kh tng p ng c diesel tu thy v ch lm vic khng
n nh gy ra hin tng ho- surgingca my nn ly tm, c tnh phi hp cng tc
my nn vi h thng
-Nu nhng bin php trnh v x l hin tng ny.
Hng dn tr li:
My nn trong t hp tua bin tng p ng c diesel c xem nh mt qut gi ly
tm cnh dn thng thng lm vic trong mt h thng c cp gi l ng c diesel.
im phi hp cng tc gia my nn vi h thng l giao im gia c tnh lu lng-
ct p ca my nn cnh dn B vi c tnh sc cn ng ng ca h thng S trn th
p - G (ct p - lu lng), cng cht lu ng trong h thng l khng kh, hnh 66.1.
Hnh 66.1 im lm vic ca my nn trong h thng

1. S thay i cc ng c tnh
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ng c diesel thc t c xem nh mt h thng thng thng trong khng kh

lu ng qua vi mt lu lng no . Thng thng, tuyn lu ng khng kh c
th bt u t phin lcvo my nn qua my nnn sinh hn kh tng pbu
gp kh np ca np (hoc xu pp np) bung t ng c diesel ri n tuyn ng
x, ... V l thuyt, c tnh sc cn h thng c dng mt parabol trong , sc cn lu
ng t l bc hai vi lu lng. Trong qu trnh hot ng, c tnh ca h thng c th
thay i v khi , n c th chuyn t ng S 3 sang S2 hoc S1. c tnh ca my nn
cng c th thay i trong yu t chnh l tc quay ca tua bin - cng chnh l tc
quay ca my nn.
2. Kh nng t n nh phi hp cng tc
Gi s, im phi hp cng tc gia my nn vi h thng ti im A 1 nh hnh 68.1,
cng c tnh cht . V mt tc ng nhiu lm cho lu lng G tng ln G 2, khi sc
cn h thng ln hn ct p do my nn to ra v iu lm cho lu lng khng th
tip tc tng v t c xu hng tr v gi tr G. Tng t nh khi lu lng gim v G 1,
do ct p ca my nn ln hn sc cn h thng, iu lm cho lu lng khng th
tip tc gim m bt u tng tr li. Ngi thit k chn vng cng tc nh th m
bo s n nh phi hp cng tc ca h thng.
Tuy nhin nu im phi hp cng tc ti B 1 th vn li ngc li. H thng c th
lm vic n nh ti B1 cho n khi bt k mt nhiu lon no tc ng, im phi hp
cng tc ca my nn vi h thng s mt.
3. Hot ng ca my chnh khi thi tit xu
Khi my chnh (ng c diesel lai chn vt) lm vic trong thi tit xu, ph ti tc
ng lm tc quay ng c thay i t ngt. Theo thi gian, cc din bin chnh lin
quan mt cch nh tnh n lu ng ca dng kh nh sau:
- S gim nhanh tc quay ca diesel lm cho lu lng khng kh tiu th qua ng c
b gim trong khi r to tua bin cha thay i tc quay lm cho lng khng kh cung
cp t my nn b tha, do p sut tng p ps tng ln;
- S tng p sut ps chnh l i p ca my nn, lm gim tc lu ng ca dng kh
do , lm gim lu lng cung cp ca my nn;
- Ngay lc , tc quay ca my chnh li tng, lu lng khng kh tiu th qua ng
c tng nhanh, p sut tng p ps gim nhanh. Cc din bin nh th li tip tc vi s
gim tc quay ca my chnh.
Nh vy, cng vi s thay i tc quay ca my chnh, p sut tng p p s v lu
lng khng kh do my nn cung cp s tng, gim lin tc.
4. Ho my nn ng c tng p
Gi s h thng ang lm vic n nh im A (hnh 66.2). Cc nhiu lon (nh v d
trn y) lm lu lng ca h thng thay i c th y im phi hp cng tc t A
sang D l im mt n nh. Kt hp vi cc nhiu lon lm tng sc cn h thng s y
ng c tnh Hs ln cao (hnh 66.2).
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Trong trng hp , khi lu lng khng kh thay i, im lm vic ca h thng

chuyn t N sang H cn im lm vic ca my nn s chuyn t N qua D, G ri n H
vi lu lng m: khng kh np c p sut ang chuyn ng ngc chiu ra ngoi. Chu
k ny lp li lin tc to ra s dao ng v m thanh d di khu vc my nn -
chnh l hin tng ho my nn.
Hnh 66.2 Qu trnh ho my nn ng c diesel tng p

5. Nhng ch trong khai thc v bin php x l:
- Gim tc khai thc (gim ti);
- X bt gi tng p ngay trc sinh hn gi tng p hoc ti ng gp kh np;(dng van 1
chiu)
- Chy thm qut gi ph nu qut gi ph mc ni tip sau t hp tua bin-my nn;
- Thay i hng hnh trnh ca tu gim s thay i t ngt sc cn chn vt;
- nh k v sinh cnh tua bin, cnh hng, cnh my nn khi ng c ang hot ng.
- Bo dng t hp tua bin tng p;
- Bo dng, hiu chnh cn bng cng sut cc xi lanh;
- Bo dng cc thit b c lin quan gim sc cn ng np v phn p trn ng
x
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 67: V s cc dng kt cu h thng tng p ca ng c diesel 2 k. Cc van
1 chiu thng c b tr u, nhm mc ch g?
Yu cu:
- Hiu r v nguyn l kt cu cc h thng tng p qut kh ng c diesel 2 k;
- Nm c chc nng ca cc van mt chiu trong h thng tng p qut kh c thit b
ph tr, nhng ch khi khai thc vn hnh h thng.
Hng dn tr li:
Mt s s thng gp i vi h thng tng p ng c diesel hai k trong c s
dng van mt chiu c m t nh sau:
1. Tng p tua bin kh x - my nn (TBK-MN) vi qut gi ph
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S h thng m t trn hnh 67.1 trong , thng dng t 1 n 2 qut gi ph

(Aux. blower) do ng c in lai mc ni tip vi MN ca t hp TBK-MN. Van mt
chiu s pht huy tc dng tng c p sut kh qut khi qut gi ph hot ng.
Nu c 2 qut gi ph th ngay ca y vao bu gp khi qut ca mi qut gi ph
c 1 van mt chiu pht huy tc dng tng c p sut kh qut khi 1 hoc 2 qut gi
ph hot ng.
Hnh 67.1 Van mt chiu trong h thng tng p qut gi ph

2. H thng s dng hc di piston v bm ejector
H thng tng p dng hc di piston v bm ejector (hnh 67.2) bao gm t hp
TBK-MN v sinh hn gi, hc di piston vi cc van mt chiu ht v y, bm ejector
v b iu khin cp gi.
Hnh 67.2 H thng s dng hc di piston v bm ejector

Khi ng c diesel hot ng xung quanh ch ti nh mc, MN chnh ca t hp
TBK-MN gi vai tr my nn cp 1, hc di piston vi cc b van mt chiu ng vai
tr my nn cp 2. B iu khin (controler) kha ng gi cp n bm ejector, ton b
lu lng khng kh c cung cp cho ng c diesel.
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Ch khi ng hoc nh ti, lu lng khng kh rt nh do cng sut v hiu sut

ca t hp TBK-MN thp. Khi , b iu khin s trch mt phn lu lng khng khi
cp n bm ejector. Bm ejector to ra s gim p sut cc b khu vc ca y ca MN
chnh. Khi lu lng qua MN chnh s tng ln trong khi cng sut ca t hp TBK-
MN cha tng. Lu lng khng kh qua MN chnh cng chnh l lu lng khng kh
lu ng trong h thng tng ln s gip tng lu lng khng kh cung cp cho ng c
diesel.
Hot ng ca bm ejector gip tng lu lng khng kh cung cp cho ng c diesel
khi khai thc ch ph ti, gip ci thin v rt ngn qu trnh gia ti.
3. H thng dng hc di piston mc hn hp
H thng tng p dng hc di piston mc hn hp (hnh 67.3) bao gm t hp
TBK-MN v sinh hn gi; hc di piston vi mt lot cc van dng kt ni v
chuyn i hnh thc kt ni gia MN ca t hp TBK-MN v bm hc di piston; cc
b iu khin 1 v 2 tham gia vo chuyn i hnh thc kt ni ph hp vi ch khai
thc ng c diesel.
Hnh 67.3 H thng dng hc di piston mc ni tip v song song

Khi khai thc ng c diesel ch khi ng v nh ti, cc b iu khin s 1 v 2
s ng cng bc cc van V 1 v m cng bc van V 2. Cc van mt chiu V4 v V5 c
chc nng l van y v van ht ca bm hc di nh l my nn cp 2 (ni tip). Bm
hc di mc ni tip v tr thnh my nn ph, h tr tng lu lng khng kh cho MN
chnh ca t hp TBK-MN.
Khi ng c diesel hot ng ln cn ch ti nh mc, h thng chuyn sang ch
lm vic mi. Khi , cc b iu khin s 1 v s 2 s ng cng bc van V 2 v m
cng bc van V1. Nh , bm hc di piston s c mc song song vi MN chnh
ca t hp TBK-MN nhm mc ch tng lu lng khng kh cp cho ng c diesel.
Ch khi khai thc vn hnh:
nh k kim tra, bo dng cc van mt chiu bo m ng m nh nhng, ng
kn, khng b kt.
99/158
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 68: ng c diesel chnh lai chn vt nh bc thng c trang b h thng
bo ng, bo v no? Th, kim tra h thng ny nh th no?
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc chc nng h thng bo ng v bo v ng c chnh lai chn vt nh
bc.
- Nm c qui trnh th, kim tra h thng.
Hng dn tr li:
H thng t ng bo ng, bo v cc thit b ca h ng lc ng vai tr rt quan
trng i vi s an ton ca HL. Trong c bit k n cc mch t ng bo ng,
bo v ng c chnh. ng c Diesel chnh lai chn vt nh bc thng c trang b
cc thit b t ng bo ng, bo v sau:
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) p lc du bi trn h trc thp
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) p lc du bi trn h trc cam thp
Bo ng p lc du/ nc lm mt piston thp
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) p lc du bi trn tua bin thp
Bo ng / bo v (slow down) p lc nc ngt lm mt thp
Bo ng p lc nc bin lm mt thp
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) p lc kh l xo thp
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) p lc nhin liu thp
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) nhit nc ngt lm mt cao
Bo ng /bo v (slow down) nhit du bi trn cao
Bo ng/ bo v (slow down) nhit du/nc lm mt piston cao
Bo ng/ bo v (slow down) chnh lch nhit kh x gia cc xi lanh cao
Bo ng/ bo v (slow down) nhit du b chi cao
Bo ng / bo v (slow down) nhit khoang gi qut cao
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) nng hi du cc te
Bo ng /bo v (shut down) mt du bi trn s mi xilanh ( non flow)
Bo ng v bo v (shut down) qu tc
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) nht nhin liu cao
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) nhit nhin liu thp
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) r du ng cao p (trn du)
cc mch bo ng/bo v lun trng thi hot ng tt, tin cy th vic nh k
kim tra, th s hot ng ca cc mch t ng bo ng/ bo v l rt cn thit. V vy
cc s quan, thuyn vin trn tu cn phi hiu r cc phng php kim tra, th gim
100/158
st, nh k kim tra, th s hot ng chc chn h thng hot ng tt, bo m an

ton cho ng c, cc thit b ca HL cng nh con tu.
Ty theo kt cu c th, mi h thng t ng bo ng v bo v c phng php
th, kim tra s hot ng v hiu chnh gi tr t c hng dn c th bi nh ch
to. V vy, ngi khai thc vn hnh trc ht cn phi c, tm hiu cu trc v nguyn
l hot ng ca h thng, cc ch dn v phng php phng php th, kim tra s hot
ng v hiu chnh gi tr t ca nh ch to. Tuy vy, trong thc t khng phi lc no
cng c cc hng dn y cho ngi s dng.
V vy cc vic ch ng nm chc cc phng php c bn th, kim tra, hiu
chnh h thng t ng bo ng v bo v cc trang thit b h ng lc rt cn thit i
vi cc s quan thuyn vin b phn my. Sau y gii thiu phng php kim tra, th,
kim tra, hiu chnh gi tr t ca mt s mch bo ng/ bo v ng c lai chn vt:
Mch bo ng bo v p sut:
Khi th, kim tra, to tn hiu p sut gi gi n r le cm bin p sut to tn hiu
bo ng/ bo v theo s th hin trn hnh 68.1 v 68.2:
p k
Hnh 68.1
ng cp du S kim tra, th, hiu chnh
bi trn mch bo ng/ bo v p sut
1 theo phng php dng tn hiu p
sut ban u ca h thng
X t t
2
p k
Rle p
sut
p k
ng cp du Nm iu chnh
bi trn p sut
Hnh 68.2
1
S kim tra, th, hiu
Van chnh mch bo ng/
gim p Kh nn bo v p sut theo
kh nn phng php dng tn
2 hiu p sut kh nn
p k 101/158
Rle p
sut
Bu cm bin
nhit Nhit k
Hnh 68.3
S kim tra, th, hiu chnh
mch bo ng/ bo v nhit
theo phng php dng
Nc
Rle nc un nng (t< 100oC)
nhit
Bp
Thuyt minh phng php kim tra, th, hiu chnh theo s
Hiu chnh r p sut, p sut tc ng, tr ( chnh lch)
p dng c cho hu ht cc mch bo ng/ bo v p sut.
Mch bo ng, bo v nhit :
-Phng dng nc un nng nh hnh 68.3 l phng php n gin p dng cho
trng hp thng s nhit < 100oC
-Phng dng l sy chuyn dng trng b cho tu nh hnh 29.4 l phng php p
dng cho cc trng hp thng s nhit < 500~800oC ty theo l sy.
Bu cm bin
nhit Nhit k
Hnh 29.4
S kim tra, th, hiu
chnh mch bo ng/ bo
v nhit theo phng
php dng l sy chuyn
dng
Nm t
R le nhit
nhit
L sy bng in
102/158
Mch bo ng, bo v qu tc:

Loi ng c lai trc trip chn vt th khng th cho ng c chy qu tc c.
trng hp ny c th p dng phng php:
Tc ng cng bc vo r le hay c cu cm bin tc to tn hiu qu tc,
kim tra s hot ng ca thit b bo v qu tc: khng xc nh c chnh xc gi
tr tc ng, kh hiu chnh gi tr t.
Dng tn hiu tc gi tc ng vo b phn cm bin tc : xc nh c chnh
xc gi tr tc ng, hiu chnh c gi tr t, ph thuc vo kt cu h thng.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 69: ng c diesel lai my pht in trn tu thy thng c trang b h
thng bo ng, bo v no? Th, kim tra h thng ny nh th no?
Yu cu:
Nm c cc chc nng ca h thng bo ng v bo v ng c diesel lai my pht
in.
Nm c qui trnh th, kim tra h thng
Hng dn tr li:
H thng t ng bo ng, bo v cc thit b ca h ng lc ng vai tr rt quan
trng i vi s an ton ca HL. ng c diesel lai my pht in thng c trang b
cc thit b t ng bo ng, bo v sau:
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) p lc du bi trn h trc thp
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) p lc du bi trn h trc cam thp (theo kt cu ng
c)
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) p lc du bi trn tua bin thp (theo kt cu ng c)
Bo ng / bo v (slow down) p lc nc ngt lm mt thp
Bo ng p lc nc bin lm mt thp
Bo ng p lc nhin liu thp
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) nhit nc ngt lm mt cao
Bo ng nhit du bi trn cao
Bo ng v bo v (shut down) qu tc
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) nht nhin liu cao (theo kt cu ng c)
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) nhit nhin liu thp (theo kt cu ng c)
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) r du ng cao p (trn du)
Ty theo kt cu c th, mi h thng t ng bo ng v bo v c phng php th,
kim tra s hot ng v hiu chnh gi tr t c hng dn c th bi nh ch to. V
vy, ngi khai thc vn hnh trc ht cn phi c, tm hiu cu trc v nguyn l hot
103/158
ng ca h thng, cc ch dn v phng php phng php th, kim tra s hot ng

v hiu chnh gi tr t ca nh ch to. Tuy vy, trong thc t khng phi lc no cng
c cc hng dn y cho ngi s dng.
vi cc s quan thuyn vin b phn my. Sau y gii thiu phng php kim tra, th
kim tra, hiu chnh gi tr t ca mt s mch bo ng/ bo v ng c lai my pht
in:
Mch bo ng bo v p sut:
p k
Hnh 69.1
ng cp du S kim tra, th, hiu chnh
bi trn mch bo ng/ bo v p sut
sut ban u ca h thng
X t t
2
p k
Rle p
sut
p k
ng cp du Nm iu chnh
bi trn p sut
Hnh 69.2
1
S kim tra, th, hiu
Van chnh mch bo ng/
2 hiu p sut kh nn
p k
Rle p
sut
104/158
Bu cm bin
nhit Nhit k
Hnh 69.3
theo phng php dng
Nc
Rle nc un nng (t< 100oC)
nhit
Bp
Bu cm bin Nhit k
nhit Hnh 69.4
S kim tra, th, hiu
chnh mch bo ng/
bo v nhit theo
phng php dng l sy
chuyn dng
Nm t
R le nhit
nhit
L sy bng in
Thuyt minh phng php kim tra, th, hiu chnh theo s
Hiu chnh r p sut, p sut tc ng, tr ( chnh lch)
p dng c cho hu ht cc mch bo ng/ bo v p sut.
-Phng dng nc un nng nh hnh 69.3 l phng php n gin p dng cho
-Phng dng l sy chuyn dng trng b cho tu nh hnh 69.4 l phng php p
dng cho cc trng hp thng s nhit < 500~800oC ty theo l sy.
105/158
Mch bo ng, bo v qu tc:

Thng l loi ng c trung/cao tc nn c th th cho ng c chy qu tc c.
Cn phi ch m gii hn tc t cao nht BT, cho ng c chy khng ti,
tt dng kch t my pht, tng tc ng c t t ti BT bng tay cnh my,
kim tra tc my xc nh gi tr tc ng bo v, bo m trng thi my an ton,
khng c vt qu nmax.
Dng tn hiu tc gi tc ng vo b phn cm bin tc : xc nh c chnh
xc gi tr tc ng, hiu chnh c gi tr t, ph thuc vo kt cu h thng.
To tc ng thay cho tn hiu qu tc: khng kim tra c gi tr t
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 70: Cc my pht in v h thng cp in trn tu thy thng c trang
b h thng bo ng, bo v no? Th, kim tra h thng ny nh th no?
Yu cu:
- Nm c h thng bo ng v bo v cc my pht in v h thng cp in trn
tu thy.
- Nm c qui trnh th, kim tra h thng
Hng dn tr li:
T hp diesel lai my pht in tu thy hin i thng c t ng ha mc
cao. c bit i vi cc tu c ch MO. Cc chc nng ca h thng t ng iu
khin t hp ng c diesel lai my pht in c kt hp vi h thng bo ng/ bo
v. Thng h thng c cc chc nng sau:
T ng iu khin t hp ng c-my pht vo lm vic khi ti cao/ ngt bt my
pht khi ti thp: khi ph ti ngoi tng n mc yu cu phi chy thm t hp d tr
(standby) theo trnh t, h thng t ng khi ng, ho ng b v phn chia ti gia
cc ng c-my pht lm vic song song. Ngc li khi ph ti ngoi gim n mc
yu cu phi dng bt t hp chuyn sang trng thi d tr (standby), h thng t ng
sang ti (load shift), ngt cu dao, dng t hp ng c-my pht theo trnh t v
chuyn sang trng thi d tr ( chc nng qun l cng sut trm pht in.)
Khng ch cng sut ngoi (ti) ca ng c my pht (trnh qu ti cho ng c, my
pht). Ngt bt ph ti khng quan trng, d tr cng sut cho ti u tin.
Kim sot cc thng s quan trng, t ng bo ng, bo v ng c lai
Kim sot cc thng s quan trng, t ng bo ng, bo v my pht.
T ng d bo h hng i vi t hp diesel lai v my pht in.
T ng iu khin ng c lai my pht in s c khi ngun chnh cha khi phc
c: sn sng hot ng, khi ng, duy tr trng thi hot ng, dng ng c v
trng thi dng v sn sng hot ng (STAND BY) khi ngun chnh phc hi. Ch
bo cc thng s cng tc, trng thi lm vic ca ng c.
T ng ng cu dao, cp in ln bng in s c. Ch bo cc thng s, trng thi
lm vic ca h thng.
106/158
T ng ngt cu dao, cp li ngun in chnh ln bng in s c.

Cc trng hp bo v my pht: (ngt cu dao ra khi li-ACB TRIP)
Bo v qu dng (qu ti - overcurrent)
Bo v ngn mch (short circuit)
Bo v cng sut ngc (reverse power)
in p qu thp (low voltage)
in p qu cao (high voltage)
S c v "pha" (phase abnormal)
Ngt bt ph ti khng quan trng (preference trip)
Tn s qu thp (low frequency)
Bo v stator (stator high temperature)
ng c lai b dng.
Bo ng cch in thp cho tng pha.
Cc trng hp bo v ng c lai: khi dng s c ng c, h thng t ng ngt
cu dao ra khi li, bo ng-ACB TRIP):
p lc L.O thp, nhit nc lm mt cao,...
Qu tc
cc mch bo ng/bo v lun trng thi hot ng tt, tin cy th vic nh k
kim tra, th s hot ng ca cc mch t ng bo ng/ bo v l rt cn thit. V vy
cc s quan, thuyn vin trn tu cn phi hiu r cc phng php kim tra, th gim
st, nh k kim tra, th s hot ng chc chn h thng hot ng tt, bo m an
ton cho ng c, cc thit b ca HL cng nh con tu.
ng v hiu chnh gi tri t ca nh ch to. Tuy vy, trong thc t khng phi lc no
kim tra, hiu chnh gi tr t ca mt s mch bo ng/ bo v my pht in:
Th cc chc nng t ng iu khin (Funtion Test)
1-Th chc nng t ng iu khin t hp ng c-my pht vo lm vic khi ti cao/
ngt bt my pht khi ti thp: kim tra ngay khi h thng lm vic
107/158
2-Th chc nng t ng iu khin t hp ng c-my pht cp in vo li khi mt

in ngun chnh: Thng bo k hoch th, chn thi im th hp l, cc b phn chun
b sn sng, ct cu dao my pht ang lm vic, kim tra cc chc nng v qu trnh h
thng lm vic, thi gian t khi mt in n khi t hp lai my pht STBY t ng cp
in ln li (22~ 39 sec < 42 sec)
3-Th chc nng t ng iu khin t hp ng c-my pht s c cp in vo li khi
mt in ngun chnh: c 2 cch th
To tn hiu gi mt ngun chnh (Test) h thng t ngt cu dao cp ngun chnh
ln bng in s ct hp ng c-my pht s c t ng khi ng ng cu dao
cp ngun s c cho bng in s c. Kim tra cc thng s cng tc, thi gian thc hin
Thng bo k hoch th, chn thi im th hp l, cc b phn chun b sn sng,
khng t hp lai my pht d tr no STBY ct cu dao my pht ang lm vic,
kim tra cc chc nng v qu trnh h thng lm vic, thi gian t khi mt in n khi
t hp lai my pht s c t ng khi ngcp in ln li (t < 42 sec). Kim tra cc
thng s cng tc.
4- Khng ch cng sut ngoi, ngt bt ph ti khng quan trng:
mt t hp diesel lai my pht, cc my khc ngh. Chy cc ph ti trong danh
mc s b ct bt khi ti ngoi cao (nh du trn bng in). Chay cc ph ti ln quan
trng khc, tng dn ph ti n gi tr gii hn, theo di kim tra cc ph ti b ct bt
theo danh mc.
Th chc nng bo ng bo v:
Bo v ngn mch: Cho my pht lm vic. Dng dng in 1 chiu t bn ngoi vi
thit b chuyn dng to tn hiu gi tc ng (theo gi tr quy nh- ch dn) vo thit b
cm bin dng ngn mch. Kim tra s hot ng ca h thng.
Bo v qu ti: Cho my pht lm vic. Dng dng in 1 chiu t bn ngoi vi thit b
chuyn dng to tn hiu gi tc ng (theo gi tr quy nh- ch dn) vo thit b cm
bin dng qu ti. Kim tra s hot ng ca h thng.
Bo v cng sut ngc:
Cho my pht lm vic song song. iu chnh gim dn ti tc dng trn my pht
cn kim tra n gi tr cng sut m cn kim tra-th (cng sut ngc), xc nh gi tr
cng sut m ti r le cng sut ngc tc ng bo v, bo ng hiu chnh, x l.
Dng dng in 1 chiu t bn ngoi vi thit b chuyn dng to tn hiu gi tc
ng (theo gi tr quy nh ging nh cng sut ngc-ch dn) vo thit b cm bin
cng sut ngc. Kim tra s tc ng ca h thng.
Bo ng/bo v in p thp/ in p cao (cho php in p thay i 5% Um. Nu
U> 105% Um trong thi gian tr 5~10 sec th s bo ng, ct cu dao ty theo gi tr
t)
108/158
Cho my pht lm vic, ct ngun n cc ph ti nhy cm vi s thay i in p,

hiu chnh gim/tng in p my pht gi tr bo ng/ bo v. Kim tra, s tc ng ca
h thng.
Cho my pht lm vic, hiu chnh gi tr t ca cm bin in p thp/ cao n gi
tr in p li, Kim tra, s tc ng ca h thng. Hiu chnh li v gi tr t cn thit
Bo ng/bo v tn s thp/ cao (cho php tn s thay i 5% fm. Nu f> 105% fm
trong thi gian tr 5~10 sec th s bo ng, ct cu dao ty theo gi tr t)
Cho my pht lm vic, ct ngun n cc ph ti nhy cm vi s thay i in p,
hiu chnh gim/tng in p my pht gi tr bo ng/ bo v. Kim tra, s tc ng ca
h thng.
Cho my pht lm vic, hiu chnh gi tr t ca cm bin in p thp/ cao n gi
tr in p li, Kim tra, s tc ng ca h thng. Hiu chnh li v gi tr t cn thit
Bo ng cch in thp cho tng pha.
C nt TEST trn bng in
Ni pha vi t qua bin tr chuyn dng, kim tra tc ng ca
Diesel lai b dng:
Cho my pht lm vic, dng cng bc diesel lai, Kim tra, s tc ng ca h
thng.
Bo v stator (stator high temperature)
Cho my pht lm vic, tc ng ngun nhit kim sot c vo cm bin nhit
(nc nng, l sy), kim tra s tc ng ca h thng.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 71: Ngun in s c trn tu thy c cp t thit b no v cho cc thit b
no? Th, kim tra h thng iu khin ngun s c nh th no?
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc ngun in s c v cc thit b s dng ngun in s c trn tu.
- Nm c qui trnh th, kim tra h thng iu khin ngun s c
Hng dn tr li:
1-T my pht in s c: cp ngun in c thng s nh ngun chnh (AC) vo bng
in s c, t bng in s c c cc aptomat cp ti cc thit b s c:
Np c quy cho HT VTD, h thng iu khin
My mc in hng hi
Chiu sng s c, n tn hiu hng hi
iu khin h thng cu ha, cu sinh
H thng my li s c (mt my li)
109/158
Bm cu ha s c
My nn kh s c
H thng iu khin h ng lc, bo chy
Qut thng gi s c
H thng iu khin my pht s s trn cc tu hin i thng c t ng ha qu
trnh iu khin. Khi ngun chnh mt, sau khong thi gian tr m ngun chnh cha
khi phc c (khong 35~40 sec) th t hp diesel lai my pht s c t ng khi
ng, ngt cu dao ngun chnh, dng cu dao cp ngun s c vo bng in s c.
Th h thng iu khin my pht s s:
t hp ng c my pht s s trng thi sn sng (n STAND BY sng) nm
iu khin sang v tr TEST, to tn hiu gi mt ngun chnh, t hp diesel lai my
pht s c s t ng khi ng, ngt cu dao ngun chnh, ng cu dao cp ngun
s c vo bng in s c. Kim tra cc thng s cng tc, trng thi lm vic ca
ng c, my pht.
Th black out: Thng bo k hoch th, chn thi im th hp l, cc b phn
chun b sn sng, khng t hp lai my pht d tr no STBY ct cu dao
my pht ang lm vic, kim tra cc chc nng v qu trnh h thng lm vic, thi
gian t khi mt in n khi t hp lai my pht s c t ng khi ngcp in
ln li (t > 40 sec). Kim tra cc thng s cng tc.
2-T my pht in s c v ngun c quy s c: My pht in s c cp ngun in
c thng s cp cho b np c quy cp vo bng in s c, t bng in s c c cc
aptomat cp ti cc thit b np c quy s c. T b c quy s c c aptomat cp ngun
DC-24V ti cc thit b s c:
H thng thng tin lin lc (ngun c quy ring)
Chiu sng s c, n tn hiu hng hi s c
H thng iu khin h ng lc, bo chy (ngun c quy ring)
H thng iu khin ngun s c c t ng ha. Khi ngun chnh mt, th to tn
hiu ng cu dao cp ngun s c DC-24V vo bng in s c, cp ti cc thit b s
c.
Phng php th: ct ngun chnh cp ti bng in s c, cu dao cp ngun s c t
ng ng cp ngun DC-24V vo bng in s c, cp ti cc thit b s c. Kim tra
cc thit b s c.
3-T ngun c quy s c: Ngun chnh cp cho b np c quy cp bng in s c, t
bng in s c c cc aptomat cp ngun DC-24V t c quy s c ti cc thit b s c:
H thng thng tin lin lc (ngun c quy ring)
Chiu sng s c, n tn hiu hng hi
110/158

H thng iu khin h ng lc, bo chy (ngun c quy ring)
Phng php th: ct ngun chnh cp ti bng in s c, cu dao cp ngun s c t
ng ng cp ngun DC-24V vo bng in s c, cp ti cc thit b s c. Kim tra
cc thit b s c.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 72: Ni hi ph t du v ni hi kh thi trn tu thy thng c trang b
h thng bo ng, bo v no? Th, kim tra h thng ny nh th no?
Yu cu:
- Nm c h thng bo ng v bo v ni hi ph t du v ni hi kh thi trn tu.
- Nm c qui trnh th, kim tra h thng.
Hng dn tr li:
H thng t ng bo ng, bo v cc thit b ca h ng lc ng vai tr qua trng
i vi s an ton ca HL. Ni hi ph tu thy thng c trang b cc mch t ng
bo ng, bo v sau:
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) mc nc thp
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) mc nc cao
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) p sut hi cao
Bo ng p sut hi thp
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) p lc du t thp
Bo ng/ bo v (shut down) nhit du t thp
Bo ng / bo v (shut down) b tt t (miss fire)
Bo ng / bo v (shut down) qu nhit bung t (nhit kh x cao)
Bo ng p lc bm tun hon ni hi kh x thp (lu lng bm tun hon
thp)
ng v hiu chnh gi tri t ca nh ch to. Tuy vy, trong thc t khng phi lc no
kim tra, hiu chnh gi tr t ca mt s mch bo ng/ bo v ni hi ph tu thy:
Mch bo ng/ bo v/ iu khin p sut:
111/158

-Phng php dng nc un nng nh hnh 68.3 l phng php n gin p dng cho
-Phng php dng l sy chuyn dng trng b cho tu nh hnh 72.4 l phng php
p dng cho cc trng hp thng s nhit < 500~800oC ty theo l sy.
p k
Hnh 72.1
ng p sut S kim tra, th, hiu chnh
cng tc mch bo ng/ bo v p sut
sut ban u ca h thng
X t t
2
p k
Rle p
sut
p k
ng p sut Nm iu chnh
cng tc p sut
Hnh 72.2
1
S kim tra, th, hiu
Van chnh mch bo ng/
2 hiu p sut kh nn
p k
Rle p
sut
Bu cm bin
nhit Nhit k
Hnh.72.3
theo phng php dng 112/158
Nc o
Rle nc un nng (t< 100 C)
nhit
Bp
Bu cm bin Nhit k
nhit Hnh 72.4
S kim tra, th, hiu
chnh mch bo ng/
bo v nhit theo
phng php dng l sy
chuyn dng
Nm t
R le nhit
nhit
L sy bng in
Mch bo ng, bo v mc nc ni hi thp:

- Thao tc cc van ng thy to tn hiu thay i mc nc, xem hnh 29.5
- Loi cm bin mc nc qua b bin i thnh tn hiu p sut th c th p dng
phng php nh mch bo ng/ bo v p sut
Cm bin
mc nc Hnh 72.5
S kim tra, th mch bo
ng /bo v mc nc ni hi
Trng ng kiu ng thy in
hi thy
Mch bo ng, bo v tt t (miss fire):

- Rt cm bin nh la bung t ra, che khng cho nh sng chiu vo (flame eye)
khi ang t ni hi, kim tra bo ng v bo v ct t.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
113/158
Cu 73: H thng my li thy lc thng c trang b h thng bo ng, bo v

no? Th, kim tra h thng ny nh th no?
Yu cu:
- Nm c h thng bo ng v bo v h thng my li thy lc.
- Nm c qui trnh th, kim tra h thng
Hng dn tr li:
Do h thng my li ng vai tr c bit quan trng i vi tnh an ton ca thuyn
vin v con tu v theo c im kt cu v tnh cht lm vic ca h thng my li, h
thng my li thng c trang b h thng t ng bo ng/bo v nh sau:
Bo ng qu ti m t in lai my li (mot in lai trc tip my li, mot in lai
bm thy lc) c bo m an ton cho h thng my li v con tu.
T ng khi ng my li d tr khi my li ang lm vic b qu ti, p lc du cng
tc thp hoc b dng.
Bo ng mt ngun my li.
T ng cp ngun d tr cho my li khi ngun my li ang lm vic b mt.
Khi b mt ngun, nu c ngun in tr lai, my li t ng khi ng li, khng cn
phi n nt khi ng
Bo ng mc du thy lc trong kt du trc nht my li thp
Bo ng chnh lch p sut du thy lc trc sau phin lc cao
Bo ng p lc du iu khin my li thp.
T ng khi ng bm du iu khin d tr khi bm du iu khin ang lm vic
b qu ti, b dng, hoc p lc du iu khin thp
T ng chuyn i sang h thng li t ng (AUTO PILOT) d tr nu h thng li
t ng ang lm vic b s c. Bo ng h thng li t ng (AUTO PILOT) b s
c.
Th, kim tra h thng bo ng bo v my li c thc hin trong cc trng hp:
Kim tra my li trc khi ri cng (departure/ arrival) hoc ma n iu ng t nht
12 gi ( theo quy nh ca SMS, SOLAS)
Kim tra nh k theo quy nh ca nh ch to.
Kim tra nh k theo k hoch ca tu (Ship maintenance plan), ca ng kim
Kim tra sau bo dng, sa cha.
Phng php th, kim tra h thng bo ng bo v my li:
Bo ng qu ti, t khi ng my li d tr:
114/158
my li ch t ng(AUTO). Cho my li hot ng, hiu chnh gim gi tr

t phn t cm bin qu ti, kim tra tc ng bo ng v tc ng iu khin khi
ng my li d tr. Th cho c 2 my li
my li ch t ng (AUTO). Cho my li hot ng, tc ng dng cng
bc my li, kim tra tc ng bo ng v tc ng iu khin khi ng my li d
tr. Th cho c 2 my li
Th tng t cho bm du thy lc iu khin
Bo ng mt ngun my li:
Cho 1 my li lm vic, ct cu dao ngun my li ang lm vic, kim tra tc ng
bo ng v tc ng t ng chuyn i cp ngun d tr, t ng iu khin khi
ng my li d tr. Th cho c 2 ngun.
Mch bo ng/ to tn hiu iu khin khi p sut du thy lc thp
Khi th, kim tra, to tn hiu p sut gi n r le cm bin p sut to tn hiu bo
ng/ bo v theo s th hin trn hnh 73.1 v 73.2:
p k
Hnh 73.1
ng p sut S kim tra, th, hiu chnh
cng tc mch bo ng/ bo v p sut
sut ban u ca h thng
X t t
2
p k
Rle p
sut
p k
ng p sut Nm iu chnh
cng tc p sut
Hnh 73.2
1
S kim tra, th, hiu
Van chnh mch bo ng/
2 hiu p sut kh nn
115/158
p k
Rle p
sut
Cu 74: H thng lnh thc phm v iu ha khng kh tu thy thng c t

ng ha nh th no. Khi khai thc h thng cn ch g?
Yu cu:
- Nm c vn t ng ha h thng lnh thc phm v iu ha khng kh.
- Nm c cc ch khi khai thc h thng
Hng dn tr li:
H thng my lnh thc phm v iu ha khng kh ng vai tr quan trng i vi
sc khe thuyn vin trn tu thy. tng tnh an ton, tin cy v hiu qu kinh t
ca h thng, cc h thng my lnh thc phm v iu ha khng kh trn cc tu thy
thng c t ng ha hon ton.
Cc chc nng c bn ca h thng t ng iu khin my lnh thc phm tu
thy l:
1- T ng iu chnh nhit cc bung lnh theo gi tr t : bung tht, bung c,
bung rau, hoa qu, bung trung gian (lobby) bng cch t ng iu khin van in
t cp cng cht vo dn lnh ca cc bung.
2- T ng iu chnh nhit hi qu nhit cui dn bay hi tng hiu sut lm
lnh ca dn v s lm vic ca my nn qua cc van tit lu t ng.
3- T ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh ca my nn theo theo ph ti nhit ca cc
bung lnh qua s thay i p sut ca ng ng ht my nn.
4- T ng iu khin s hot ng ca my nn : khi ng, dng my nn theo p
sut ca ng ng ht.
5- T ng iu chnh nhit dn lnh ca bung rau i vi loi dn lnh khng tp
trung-khng qut gi trnh hin tng qu lnh bng cch iu chnh p sut hi
cng cht trong dn lnh (dng b iu chnh p sut-van gim p)
6- T ng iu khin chng trnh ph bng theo chu k thi gian t trc: dng
in tr, dng hi nng cng cht.
7- T ng tch du v hi du bi trn v my nn t bu tch du.
8- Kim tra, gim st cc thng s cng tc ca h thng, ch bo, t ng bo ng v
bo v cc thit b ca h thng :
Bo ng/ bo v p lc du bi trn my nn thp, t ng dng h thng.
Bo ng/ bo v qu ti m t in, t ng dng h thng.
116/158
Bo ng/ bo v p sut bu ngng cao, t ng dng h thng

Bo ng/ bo v qut gi cng bc khng chy, t ng dng h thng
Bo ng/ bo v my nn b ngp lng, t ng dng h thng
Bo li h thng.
Nhng ch khi vn hnh h thng t ng iu khin h thng lnh thc phm:
iu quan trng nht l ngi vn hnh, bo dng h thng phi c k ti liu
hnh, bo dng hiu chnh cc thit b ca h thng p dng vo thc t.
1-Bung lnh- Dn bay hi- Thc phm
- Bung lnh c cch nhit tt, cc ca kn, kh ro, khng b ng nc.
- Hn ch ngun nhit pht ra trong bung lnh (n chiu sng, thc phm nng.)
- B tr dn lnh, quat gi cng bc hp l c hiu qu truyn nhit gia cng cht
lnh vi thc phm hiu qu nht.
- Hiu chnh gi tr t nhit bung lnh hp l, bo qun thc phm tt, lu di.
- Khng dn lnh b bm bng tuyt qu dy, khng bng ng tc dn lnh,
khng thng gi qut gi lm lnh i lu cng bc. nh k v snh, ty bng
tuyt.
- Thc phm phi trn gi. Treo thng thong, tng din tch trao i nhit gia thc
phm v cng cht lm lnh
- Khng cho thc phm cn ang nng vo bung lnh, nn ngui ri mi cho vo
- Nn nhn thc phm c lm lnh trc.
- Khng dng bung lnh nu khng cn thit, k c khi ht thc phm.
- Trc khi nhp thc phm, phi chy my lnh h nhit bung lnh xung gi
tr cn thit.
2-Thit b ca h thng lnh thc phm
- nh k theo di, kim tra s hot ng ca cc thit b, nh gi trng thi k thut
lp k hoch v bo dng cc thit b, bo m cc thit b lun trng thi k
thut tt: m t lai, my nn, h dn ng, bu ngng, h lm mt, bnh tch du, tch
m, phin lc ht, van tit lu t ng- bu cm bin, phin lc trc van tit lu, van
gim p, van in t, van chn, ng, cc phn t cm bin nhit , p sut, cc thit
b o, ch bo, cng cht, du bi trn
- Khng nn np cng cht qu nhiu, qu it, x kh, tch nc
- Phi c vt t ph tng d tr, thay th
3-H thng t ng iu khin ca h thng lnh thc phm
Hiu chnh ng cc gi tri t trc cho h thng iu khin (theo ch dn)
117/158
- R le nhit iu khin nhit cc bung lnh : Tht, c, rau, lobby

- m ca van tit lu t ng
- Van gim p iu chnh p sut hi trong dn bay hi bung rau
- R le p sut thp iu khin nng sut lm lnh v my nn
- Chu k v thi gian ph bng t ng
- T ng hi du v cc te my nn
- Van tit lu hi cng cht lm mt my nn nu c
- R le bo v qu ti v qu nhit my nn
- R le bo v p lc du bi trn my nn
Kim tra cc chng trnh t ng iu khin, bo v h thng. nh k th, kim
tra, hiu chnh li nu cn thit.
nh k theo di, kim tra s hot ng ca cc thit b t ng, nh gi trng thi
k thut lp k hoch v bo dng cc thit b, bo m cc thit b lun
trng thi k thut tt: cc cm bin, rle iu khin, b tr ng tc ng iu
khin, thit b o, kim tra, ch bo, bo ng, bo v,
Cc chc nng c bn ca h thng t ng iu khin my iu ha khng kh
trung tm tu thy l:
1- T ng iu chnh nhit khng kh theo gi tr t ch si hay lm lnh
bng cch t ng iu khin lng cng cht lm lnh vo dn bay hi hoc iu
chnh lng hi sy vo dn si.
2- T ng iu chnh m khng kh khi ch si bng cch iu chnh lng
nc (hoc hi) phun lm m khng kh.
3- T ng iu chnh nhit hi qu nhit cui dn bay hi tng hiu sut lm
lnh ca dn v s lm vic ca my nn qua van tit lu t ng iu chnh lng
cng cht vo dn bay hi.
4- T ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh ca my nn theo ph ti nhit ca dn lnh
th hin qua s thay i p sut ca ng ng ht my nn.
5- T ng iu khin s hot ng ca my nn: khi ng, dng my nn theo p sut
ca ng ng ht.
6- T ng iu chnh p sut dn bay hi, trnh hin tng nhit dn bay hi qu
thp (t < 0oC) gy ng bng tuyt dn bay hi, lm tc dn lnh, gim lu lng
gi tun hon v kh nng trao i nhit.
7- T ng tch du v hi du bi trn v my nn t bu tch du.
8- Kim tra, gim st cc thng s cng tc ca h thng, ch bo, t ng bo ng v
bo v cc thit b ca h thng :
118/158
Bo ng/ bo v p lc du bi trn my nn thp, t ng dng h thng.

Bo ng/ bo v qu ti m t in, t ng dng s c h thng.
Bo ng/ bo v p sut bu ngng cao, t ng dng s c h thng
Bo ng/ bo v khi qut gi tun hon cng bc khng chy, t ng dng h
thng.
Bo ng/ bo v p sut ht qu thp (nhit dn lnh qu thp < 0 oC), t ng
dng s c h thng.
Bo ng/ bo v nhit mi cht truyn nhit trung gian qu thp (t< 0 oC), t
ng dng s c h thng nu dng mi cht truyn nhit trung gian.
Bo ng/ bo v khi my nn b ngp lng, t ng dng s c h thng
Kha lin ng mch iu khin my nn vi qut gi, ch si.
Bo li h thng.
Trong thc t khai thc, h thng t ng iu khin my iu ha khng kh
trung tm tu thy thy hot ng tt cn ch cc yu t sau:
1-Hp trao i nhit - Dn bay hi - Qut gi - ng phn phi gi iu ha
- Hp trao i nhit c cch nhit tt, kn, kh ro, thot nc ngng t tt.
- Hn ch ngun nhit lm nng khng kh trong bung my iu ha, ngun khng kh
c iu ha (n chiu sng, cc ca thng vi bung my, nh bp, ngoi mi
trng.)
- iu chnh hp l lng khng kh ti tun hon gim ph ti nhit cho my nn,
nng oxy trong khng kh.
- ng bt cc ca phn phi gi iu ha vo cc v tr khng cn thit.
- B tr dn lnh, quat gi hp l c hiu qu truyn nhit gia cng cht lnh vi
khng kh c lm lnh hiu qu nht.
- Hiu chnh gi tr t nhit khng kh c iu ha hp l theo iu kin mi
trng (nhit ngoi tri), khng chnh lch qu ln.
- Khng dn lnh b bm bng tuyt lm tc dn lnh. nh k v sinh dn lnh, dn
si, phin lc khng kh.
- Khng chy my iu ha cng h thng si, khi qut gi dng.
2-Thit b ca h thng iu ha khng kh
lp k hoch v bo dng cc thit b, bo m cc thit b lun trng thi k thut
tt: Qut gi - m t, dy ai, m t lai, my nn, h dn ng, bu ngng, h lm mt,
119/158
bnh tch du, tch m, phin lc ht, van tit lu t ng-bu cm bin, phin lc trc
van tit lu, van gim p, van in t, van chn, ng, cc phn t cm bin nhit , p
sut, cc thit b o, ch bo, cng cht, du bi trn
- Khng nn np cng cht qu nhiu, qu t. Ch x kh, lc m.
- Ch chiu quay my nn trc khi cho my nn hot ng sau sa cha.
- Khi chy my nn ch bng tay, kim tra p sut ht y, cp cng cht t t,
trnh my nn b ngp lng.
- nh k kim tra, pht hin r r cng cht, x l.
3-H thng t ng iu khin ca h thng iu ha khng kh.
- R le nhit iu khin nhit khng kh.
- p sut ht. (lu loi cng cht, bng nhit -p sut hi bo ha), trnh
nhit bay hi qu thp gy ng bng tuyt dn lnh.
- Van gim p iu chnh p sut hi trong dn bay hi.
- R le p sut thp iu khin dng/ khi ng my nn
Kim tra cc chng trnh t ng iu khin (khi ng my nn, qu trnh cp
cng cht vo dn lnh, nht cng cht, dng my nn trnh hin tng ngp lng,
bo v h thng. nh k th, kim tra, hiu chnh li nu cn thit.
nh k theo di, kim tra s hot ng ca cc thit b t ng, nh gi trng thi k
thut lp k hoch v bo dng cc thit b, bo m cc thit b lun trng thi k
thut tt: cc cm bin, rle iu khin, b tr ng tc ng iu khin, thit b o, kim
tra, ch bo, bo ng, bo v,
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 75: T ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh nhm mc ch g? Hy nu cc
phng php t ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh p dng cho h thng
lnh thc phm v iu ha khng kh. Khi khai thc h thng cn ch
g?
120/158
Yu cu:
- Nm c mc ch ca vic t ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh.
- Nm c phng php t ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh p dng cho h thng
lnh thc phm v iu ha khng kh.
- Nm c qui trnh khai thc h thng lnh thc phm v iu ha khng kh.
Hng dn tr li:
T ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh ca my nn lnh thc phm:
Nng sut lm lnh ca my nn th hin qua lu lng ca my nn lnh.
Ty theo ph ti nhit cc bung lnh, cc van tit lu t ng iu chnh lng cng
cht vo dn lnh. Khi ph ti nhit ln (nhiu bung lnh cng lm vic, ch lm lnh
ban u, cp thm thc phm cha c lm lnh, nhit mi trng cao, cch nhit
bung lnh km.), van tit lu m to, tng lu lng cng cht vo dn lnh, my nn
phai tng sn lng ht hi cng cht, nn y v bu ngng bo m p sut dn
bay hi thp nhit bay hi ca cng cht thp, lnh su, tng kh nng nhn ti
nhit t bung lnh ca hi cng cht, qua my nn, thi nhit ra bu ngng. Khi nhit
bung lnh xung thp, ph ti nhit gim, cc van tit lu ng bt, gim lu lng
cng cht cp vo dn lnh, nu lnh, van in t s ng, ngng cp cng cht vo
dn. Nu my nn khng gim sn lng s gy ra hin tng p sut ht qu thp, my
nn lm vic khng hiu qu. R le p sut ht iu khin dng my nn, p sut ht li
tng ln, my nn li c khi ng li, Hin tng chy-dng- chy lin tc khng
nhng gim hiu sut my nn m cn d gy ra hin tng bng si du nhn, bi trn
km d chy hng my nn v m t in lai. V vy vic iu chnh sn lng my nn
(nng sut lm lnh) theo ph ti nhit l l rt cn thit bo m an ton, hiu qu,
tnh kinh t ca h thng lnh thc phm.
Cc phng php iu chnh nng sut lnh (sn lng my nn)
- iu chnh tc quay m t lai my nn (t dng trn tu thy)
- iu chnh hnh trnh c ch ca pis ton- xi lanh my nn (t dng trn tu thy)
- iu khin s xi lanh lm vic c ch ca my nn (loi my nn nhiu xi lanh)
- iu chnh lu lng hi cng cht hi t ca y v ca ht my nn (t s dng,
tnh kinh t thp)
- iu khin s lng my nn hot ng (h thng c nhiu my nn)
Hnh 48.1 th hin s h thng t ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh ca my
nn lnh thc phm loi my nn nhiu nhm xi lanh v 2 my nn:
Khi ph ti nhit ln, c 2 my nn u lm vic v cc nhm xi lanh u lm vic.
Khi nhit cc bung lnh gim, ph ti nhit gim, cc van tit lu ng bt,
gim lu lng cng cht cp vo dn lnh, nu bung lnh no lnh, van in t s
ng, ngng cp cng cht vo dn, p sut ht ng gp ht gim dn, ty theo gi tr
t cc r le p sut ht, cc nhm xi lanh 2 my nn s t ng ct theo th t, n
121/158
khi 1 my nn dng. Khi cc bung lnh lnh, cc van in t ct cng cht vo dn

bay hi, p sut ng ht ca my nn gim nhanh, rle p sut ht iu khin dng my
nn tc ng iu khin dng my nn cn lai. Khi nhit bung lnh tng n gi tr
tc ng m van in t cp cng cht vo dn lnh, p sut ng gp ht my nn
tng dn ln n khi r le p sut ht tc ng iu khin khi ng my nn v nhm
xi lanh lm vic theo trnh t ngc li vi chng trnh dng.
my nn No1 :
Cc r le p sut ht (loi r le vi phn- Differaltial) iu khin ct/cho lm vic lm
vic ca nhm xi lanh 1(P11 P11), nhm xi lanh 3 (P31 P31), stop/start my nn No1
(P21 P21) tc ng gi tr khc nhau :
Gi tr theo ch dn, thng nh sau : (P11 P11) > (P31 P31) > (P21 P21)
my nn No2 :
Cc r le p sut ht (loi r le vi phn- Differaltial) iu khin ct/cho lm vic lm
vic ca nhm xi lanh 1(P12 P12), nhm xi lanh 3 (P32 P32), stop/start my nn No1
(P22 P22) tc ng gi tr khc nhau :
R le p sut ht iu khin dng my nn t my nn no dng trc ty theo
thc t :
(P21 P21) > (P22 P22) nu mun my nn No1 t ng dng trc my nn No2
(P21 P21) <(P22 P22) nu mun my nn No2 t ng dng trc my nn No1
Khi khai thc vn hnh cn ch :
1-Bung lnh- Dn bay hi- Thc phm
- Bung lnh c cch nhit tt, cc ca kn, kh ro, khng b ng nc.
- Hn ch ngun nhit pht ra trong bung lnh (n chiu sng, thc phm nng.)
- B tr dn lnh, quat gi cng bc hp l c hiu qu truyn nhit gia cng cht
lnh vi thc phm hiu qu nht.
- Hiu chnh gi tr t nhit bung lnh hp l, bo qun thc phm tt, lu di.
- Khng dn lnh b bm bng tuyt qu dy, khng bng ng tc dn lnh, khng
thng gi qut gi lm lnh i lu cng bc. nh k v snh, ty bng tuyt.
- Thc phm phi trn gi. Treo thng thong, tng din tch trao i nhit gia thc
phm v cng cht lm lnh
- Khng cho thc phm cn ang nng vo bung lnh, nn ngui ri mi cho vo
- Nn nhn thc phm c lm lnh trc.
122/158
- Khng dng bung lnh nu khng cn thit, k c khi ht thc phm.

- Trc khi nhp thc phm, phi chy my lnh h nhit bung lnh xung gi tr
cn thit.
2-Thit b ca h thng lnh thc phm
tt: m t lai, my nn, h dn ng, bu ngng, h lm mt, bnh tch du, tch m,
phin lc ht, van tit lu t ng- bu cm bin, phin lc trc van tit lu, van gim
p, van in t, van chn, ng, cc phn t cm bin nhit , p sut, cc thit b o,
ch bo, cng cht, du bi trn
- Khng nn np cng cht qu nhiu, qu it, x kh, tch nc
3-H thng t ng iu khin ca h thng lnh thc phm
- R le nhit iu khin nhit cc bung lnh : Tht, c, rau, lobby
- Van gim p iu chnh p sut hi trong dn bay hi bung rau
- Chu k v thi gian ph bng t ng
Kim tra cc chng trnh t ng iu khin, bo v h thng. nh k th, kim tra,
hiu chnh li nu cn thit.
thut lp k hoch v bo dng cc thit b, bo m cc thit b lun trng thi
k thut tt: cc cm bin, rle iu khin, b tr ng tc ng iu khin, thit b o,
kim tra, ch bo, bo ng, bo v,
123/158
Hp iu R le p sut R le p sut R le p sut

thp iu khin thp iu khin thp iu khin
khin my
dng my nn 1 nhm xi lanh 3 nhm xi lanh 1
nn No1
Ti bu
ngng
ng gp ht my nn
2 No1
3 1
My nn lnh
Stop/start s 1
T
bung
tht
T
bung
R le p sut R le p sut R le p sut c
Hp iu
khin my
nn No2 T
bung
rau
T
ng gp ht my nn lobby
2 No2
3 1
My nn lnh
Stop/start s 2
Hnh 75.1: S h thng t ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh

my nn lnh thc phm
T ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh ca my nn lnh iu ha khng kh

trung tm:
Nng sut lm lnh ca my nn th hin qua lu lng ca my nn lnh.
Ty theo ph ti nhit dn lnh, cc van tit lu t ng iu chnh lng cng cht
vo dn lnh. Khi ph ti nhit ln (nhit khng kh cao, ch lm lnh khng kh
124/158
ban u, nhit mi trng cao, cch nhit bung iu ha km, lng khng kh ti
tun hon t.), van tit lu t ng m to tng lu lng cng cht vo dn lnh,
my nn phi tng sn lng ht hi cng cht duy tr p sut ht gi tr cn thit,
bo m p sut dn bay hi thp nhit bay hi ca cng cht thp, tng kh nng
nhn nhit t khng kh c lm lnh vo hi cng cht, my nn nn hi cng cht n
nhit v p sut cao y v bu ngng, thi nhit ra bu ngng. Khi nhit khng
kh xung thp, ph ti nhit gim, van tit lu t ng ng bt gim lu lng cng
cht cp vo dn lnh. Nu my nn khng gim sn lng s gy ra hin tng p sut
ht qu thp, my nn lm vic khng hiu qu, c th gy ra hin tng ng bng tuyt
dn lnh, gim kh nng trao i nhit, my nn d b ngp lng. Nu khng kh
lnh theo nhit t, van in t s ng ngng cp cng cht vo dn, p sut ht gim
nhanh. R le p sut ht cm bin p sut ca ht my nn, to tc ng iu khin dng
my nn. Khi nhit khng kh tng dn ln, n gi tr r le nhit tc ng, to tn hiu
m van in t cp cng cht vo dn bay hi, p sut ht li tng ln, r le p sut thp
to tc ng khi ng li my nn. Nu xy ra hin tng chy-dng-chy lin tc ,
iu khng nhng gim hiu sut my nn, m t in d b h hng m cn d gy ra
hin tng bng si du nhn, bi trn km c th lm chy hng my nn v m t in
lai. V vy vic iu chnh sn lng my nn (nng sut lm lnh) theo ph ti nhit l l
rt cn thit bo m an ton, hiu qu, tnh kinh t ca h thng iu ha khng kh.
Cc phng php iu chnh nng sut lnh (sn lng my nn)
- iu chnh tc quay m t lai my nn (t dng trn tu thy)
- iu chnh hnh trnh c ch ca pis ton- xi lanh my nn (t dng trn tu thy)
- iu khin s xi lanh lm vic c ch ca my nn (loi my nn nhiu xi lanh)
- iu chnh lu lng hi cng cht hi t ca y v ca ht my nn (t s dng,
tnh kinh t thp)
- iu khin s lng my nn hot ng (h thng c nhiu my nn)
Hnh 75.1 th hin s h thng t ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh ca my
nn iu ha khng kh trung tm loi my nn nhiu nhm xi lanh, nguyn l hot
ng ca h thng nh sau:
Khi ph ti nhit ln, c 3 nhm xi lanh u lm vic.
Khi nhit khng kh gim, ph ti nhit gim, van tit lu t ng ng bt, gim
lu lng cng cht cp vo dn lnh, p sut ht ng gp ht gim dn, ty theo gi
tr t cc r le p sut ht, cc nhm xi lanh my nn s t ng ct theo th t
nhm1, nhm 3 (m cng bc van ht, m thng khoang nn vi ng ht). n khi
nhit khng kh lnh, van in t ct cng cht vo dn bay hi, p sut ng ht ca
my nn gim nhanh, rle p sut ht iu khin dng my nn tc ng dng my nn.
Khi nhit khng kh tng dn n gi tr r le nhit tc ng m van in t, cp
cng cht vo dn lnh, p sut ng gp ht my nn tng dn ln n khi r le p
sut ht tc ng iu khin khi ng my nn v cc nhm xi lanh lm vic theo
trnh t ngc li vi chng trnh dng.
125/158
Cc r le p sut ht (thng l loi r le vi phn - Differential) iu khin ct/ hoc

cho cc nhm xi lanh lm vic : nhm xi lanh 1(P1 P1), nhm xi lanh 3 (P3 P3),
iu khin stop/start my nn (P2 P2) tc ng gi tr t khc nhau :
Trong thc t khai thc, h thng t ng iu khin my iu ha khng kh
trung tm tu thy thy hot ng tt cn ch cc yu t sau:
1-Hp trao i nhit - Dn bay hi - Qut gi - ng phn phi gi iu ha
- Hp trao i nhit c cch nhit tt, kn, kh ro, thot nc ngng t tt.
- Hn ch ngun nhit lm nng khng kh trong bung my iu ha, ngun khng kh
c iu ha (n chiu sng, cc ca thng vi bung my, nh bp, ngoi mi
trng.)
- iu chnh hp l lng khng kh ti tun hon gim ph ti nhit cho my nn,
nng oxy trong khng kh.
- ng bt cc ca phn phi gi iu ha vo cc v tr khng cn thit.
- B tr dn lnh, quat gi hp l c hiu qu truyn nhit gia cng cht lnh vi
khng kh c lm lnh hiu qu nht.
- Hiu chnh gi tr t nhit khng kh c iu ha hp l theo iu kin mi
trng (nhit ngoi tri), khng chnh lch qu ln.
- Khng dn lnh b bm bng tuyt lm tc dn lnh. nh k v sinh dn lnh, dn
si, phin lc khng kh.
- Khng chy my iu ha cng h thng si, khi qut gi dng.
2-Thit b ca h thng iu ha khng kh
tt: Qut gi - m t, dy ai, m t lai, my nn, h dn ng, bu ngng, h lm mt,
bnh tch du, tch m, phin lc ht, van tit lu t ng-bu cm bin, phin lc trc
van tit lu, van gim p, van in t, van chn, ng, cc phn t cm bin nhit , p
sut, cc thit b o, ch bo, cng cht, du bi trn
- Khng nn np cng cht qu nhiu, qu t. Ch x kh, lc m.
- Ch chiu quay my nn trc khi cho my nn hot ng sau sa cha.
- Khi chy my nn ch bng tay, kim tra p sut ht y, cp cng cht t t,
trnh my nn b ngp lng.
- nh k kim tra, pht hin r r cng cht, x l.
3-H thng t ng iu khin ca h thng iu ha khng kh.
- R le nhit iu khin nhit khng kh.
- p sut ht. (lu loi cng cht, bng nhit -p sut hi bo ha), trnh nhit
bay hi qu thp gy ng bng tuyt dn lnh.
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- Van gim p iu chnh p sut hi trong dn bay hi.

- R le p sut thp iu khin dng/ khi ng my nn
Kim tra cc chng trnh t ng iu khin (khi ng my nn, qu trnh cp cng
cht vo dn lnh, nht cng cht, dng my nn trnh hin tng ngp lng, bo v h
thng. nh k th, kim tra, hiu chnh li nu cn thit.
thut lp k hoch v bo dng cc thit b, bo m cc thit b lun trng thi
k thut tt: cc cm bin, rle iu khin, b tr ng tc ng iu khin, thit b o,
kim tra, ch bo, bo ng, bo v,
127/158
Hp iu R le p sut R le p sut R le p sut

khin h
iu ha
khng kh
PS
2
3 1
My nn lnh
Stop/start s 1
BU NGNG
Dn Dn
FAN
lnh Si
Van in T
t R le
Phin lc nhit
Np BU
cng TCH M
cht Van tit
lu
Hnh 75.2: S h thng t ng iu chnh nng sut lm lnh

my nn iu ha khng kh trung tm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 76: H iu khin khi ng m t in c cng sut ln trn tu thy c c

im g bo m an ton cho m t-bm v h thng lin quan? Khi
khi ng m t in lai bm balat c cng sut ln cn ch g?
128/158
Yu cu:
- Nm c c im c bn ca h thng iu khin khi ng m t in c cng sut
ln trn tu thy.
- Nm c cc ch khi khi ng m t in lai bm balat c cng sut ln.
Hng dn tr li:
Cc motor in c cng sut ln trn tu thy l mt c cng sut ln hn 20 % cng
sut nh mc ca trm pht ang cng tc: m t lai bm balat, bm cu ha, bm thy
lc ti cu, bm lm hng lng...). Khi khi ng cc motor in ny thng gy st p
ln v st tn s ln cho li in do dng khi ng ln, nh hng khng tt cho cc
thit b in khc. khc phc iu ny, cc mot cng sut ln thng c trang b h
thng iu khin qu trnh khi ng gim dng khi ng, trnh gy st p ln v st
tn s ln cho li in:
- Chuyn i SAO-TAM GIC
- Dng cun khng
- Dng bin p
- Dng tr, t
- Gim ti thit b lai
Trn cc tu hng ri, ch qung, hng lng c trng ti ln, cc bm balat thng c
cng sut rt ln lai bm c lu lng ln m bo cho h thng balat lm vic t
yu cu: khi lm hng, cn bng tu, dn tu, i nc balat. Vi vy khi khi ng cc
motor lai bm ny, trm pht phi c cng sut cho motor khi ng v lm vic. H
thng khi ng ca motor lai bm c kha lin ng vi trm pht: tnh ton cng sut
cng sut d tr, s lng my pht ang lm vic.
Khi khi ng motor, h thng kim tra cng sut d tr trm pht, nu cng sut d
tr khng hoc s lng my pht ang hot ng khng cng sut cho motor lm
vic th s bo ng, khng cho hoc cha cho khi ng, ng thi to tn hiu khi
ng t hp diesel my pht d tr vo lm vic song song sau mi to tc ng iu
khin khi ng motor lai bm.
Nhng ch khi vn hnh motor in cng sut ln:
-Ngun cng sut d tr phi cho motor khi ng v lm vic
-Cc t hp diesel lai my pht phi lun trng thi tt, sn sng lm vic
cng sut.
-Gim ti thit b lai dn
-Hiu chnh cc thng s iu khin qu trnh khi ng hp l
-nh k kim tra, bo dng, th cc chc nng iu khin, bo ng, bo v
-Khng khi ng ng thi cc motor c cng sut ln
-Gim bt cc ph ti khng cn thit nu cng sut trm pht b hn ch.
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129/158
Cu 77: H thng nn kh trn tu thy thng c t ng ha nh th no? Th,

kim tra, vn hnh h thng cn ch g?
Yu cu:
- Hiu r cc chc nng ca h thng t ng iu khin h thng nn kh trn tu thy.
- Nm c cc ch khi th, kim tra v vn hnh h thng
Hng dn tr li:
H thng nn kh trn tu thy thng c t ng ha vi cc chc nng:
T ng iu khin my nn hot ng (start/stop) duy tr p sut trong chai gi
t 25~30 kg/cm2
T ng gim ti cho motor lai my nn khi khi ng/ dng: m van x nc
T ng x nc ngng t cc bu lm mt trung gian theo chu k t trc khi
my nn ang hot ng
S lng my nn t ng lm vic ty theo mc gim p sut trong chai gi.
(No2, No1, Topping Compresor)
T ng x nc ngng t trong chai gi (van phao, water trap, van in t)
Bo ng p lc chai gi/ kh khi ng thp
T ng iu chnh p sut kh iu khin/ kh dch v (van gim p)
T ng lm kh, sch kh iu khin (air dryer, bu tch nc)
Bo ng p lc kh gim p/ kh dch v/ kh iu khin thp
Bo v/ bo ng khi p sut du bi trn thp: dng s c
Bo v/ bo ng khi nhit my nn cao: dng s c
Bo v/ bo ng qu ti motor lai my nn: dng s c
Nhng ch khi vn hnh h thng t ng iu khin kh nn trn tu thy:
c hiu nguyn l kt cu h thng thit b, nm chc qui trnh vn hnh bo
dng, hiu chnh thit b ca hng ch to thc hin.
Hiu chnh ng, hp l cc rle p sut iu khin my nn
Kim tra, bo dng, duy tr cc chc nng t ng iu khin: khi ng motor,
gim ti, x nc ngng t, chu k x nc v thi gian x nc...
nh k bo dng cc thit b ca h thng kh nn, duy tr lun trng thi tt:
my nn, mot lai, h thng phc v, van in t, van gim p, phin lc khi, tch
m, van mt chiu, p k, khc phc mi r lt....
nh k th, kim tra, hiu chnh ng cc thit b bo v, cc cm bin, cc thit
b o, ch bo thng s cng tc, tn hiu
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 78: Nhng ti liu no trn tu dng qun l vt t-ph tng nhn-s dng
trn tu.
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Yu cu:
- Hiu v cng tc qun l, giao nhn, s dng vt t trn tu;
- Hiu v cch lp danh mc vt t, ph tng yu cu cp trn tu;
Hng dn tr li:
Quy trnh qun l, yu cu cp, giao nhn, s dng vt t trn tu v cc ti liu, bo co
phi lp c hng dn c th trong h thng qun l an ton trn tu.
Cc h s, ti liu qun l vt t-ph tng nhn-s dng trn tu l:
-Inventory (engine part, deck part, catering part): danh mc vt t, ph tng, dng
c... c lp ngay t khi bn giao tu khi xut xng ca nh my ng tu cho ch
tu. L c s ban u cho vic theo di qun l lng vt t- ph tng tiu th, hng, cp
mi trong thi gian qun l khai thc tu. Cp nht hng thng/qu
-Spare part and tool list for machinery/ deck : Danh mc cc ph tng thay th ca
tng my mc, trang thit b c bn ca hng ch to, s lng vt t ph tng, dng c
chuyn dng thit yu ang dng, s lng cn d tr theo quy nh, m s yu cu
cp, bn v- kch thc c bn (tn thit b, part number, vt liu, s chi tit, sketch, ....
-Essential Spare Part List: Danh mc vt t thit yu: lp theo quy nh v s lng
thc t ti thiu tha mn quy nh ca cng c quc t, ng kim, h thng qun l an
ton: Kim tra, cp nht hng qu
-Spare Part Requisition:Yu cu cp ph tng, thit b d tr
-Store Part Requisition:Yu cu cp vt t d tr
-Spare Part Delivery Receipt: Bin bn giao nhn cp ph tng, thit b d tr
-Store Part Delivery Receipt: Bin bn giao nhn cp vt t d tr
-Bo co s dng tiu th/ nhn vt t ca b phn my (cp nht hng thng, theo quy
nh ca SMS)
-Bo co s dng tiu th/ nhn ph tng ca b phn boong (cp nht hng thng, theo
quy nh ca SMS)
-Ti liu hng dn tra cu vt t - ph tng my mc thit b ca hng ch to (SPARE
PART CODE BOOK)
-Ti liu hng dn tra cu chng loi vt t, ph tng ngnh hng hi theo tiu chun
quc t, quc gia: IMPA, ISSA,...
-Bin bn chuyn vt t thit b ln b sa cha, phc hi, thanh l
-Bin bn chuyn vt t thit b xung tu sau sa cha, phc hi
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 79: Quy trnh giao nhn vt t nh th no bo m ng chng loi, cht

lng, s lng? Khi giao nhn vt t, ph tng cn ch g?
131/158
Yu cu:
- Hiu v cng tc qun l, yu cu cp, giao nhn, s dng vt t trn tu;
- Hiu v lp danh mc, tra cu m t mua vt t ph tng trn tu;
Hng dn tr li:
Quy trnh qun l, yu cu cp, giao nhn, s dng vt t trn tu c hng dn c th
trong h thng qun l an ton trn tu.
Mt s lu khi giao nhn:
- Xc nhn vt t ng hng ch to theo bin bn giao vt t;
- Kim tra xc nhn ng m s (Part No); S lng
- Kim tra bn ngoi nguyn vn, tnh trng km theo (mi, phc hi, ...);
- Kim tra bao b, hp ng, m bo qun nguyn vn;
- Xc nhn v mu sc v mt s c im khc quy nh ca hng ch to;
- So snh vi mu chun trn tu nh gi.
Mt s lu khi lp danh mc, tra cu m t mua vt t ph tng:
My nht tng hp bn yu cu cp vt t d tr v bn yu cu cp ph tng d tr
ca s quan b phn my trnh my trng. My trng l ngi kim tra duyt bn
yu cu cp vt t d tr v bn yu cu cp ph tng d tr ca b phn my, k
duyt, sau trnh thuyn trng k, ng du gi v cng ty qun l tu.
Danh mc, s lng yu cu cp phi cn c vo cc yu t: quy nh trong h thng
qun l an ton, lng cn li, k hoch s dng (bo dng, sa cha, thay th), s
lng yu cu cp dng n khi no? (thng l vt t d tr yu cu cp dng
cho 3 thng- khng yu cu qu nhiu), d kin thi gian t thi im yu cu cp
n thi im nhn, k hoch chuyn i ca tu, d kin ni nhn,
Danh mc ph tng phi y cc thng tin chi tit d dng cho bn cp: Tn
thit b - s hiu chng loi - hng ch to - s seri - tn nhm chi tit - tn chi tit -
m s chi tit (part number)- kch thc, hnh v nu c (sketch) - s bn v- ti liu
tra cu, trang s
132/158
Loi vt t yu cu phai la chon ng loi, ung mc ch s dng, phi c hng

dn s dng chn. Danh mc vt t phi y cc thng tin chi tit d dng
cho bn cp: Tn thit b vt t - s hiu chng loi - hng ch to IMPA/ISSA
code. Loi vt t khng c trong IMPA/ISSA th phi m t chi tit, bn v, km theo
mu
Cc bn yu cu cp phi lu li, i chiu vi bn giao nhn kim tra cc hng
mc cp, lp cc bo co theo quy nh.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 80: nh k kim tra, bo co cho Cng ty qun l tu v vt t/ph tng, giao

nhn/s dng trn tu nh th no?
Yu cu:
- Hiu v cng tc qun l, yu cu cp, giao nhn, s dng vt t trn tu;
- Hiu r cc quy nh v cng vic lp cc bo co, ti liu v qun l vt t- ph tng
trn tu;
Hng dn tr li:
Quy trnh qun l, yu cu cp, giao nhn, s dng vt t trn tu, cc quy nh v lp
bo co, ti liu v qun l vt t - ph tng trn tu trn c hng dn c th trong h
thng qun l an ton.
Cc h s, ti liu, bo co v qun l vt t-ph tng nhn-s dng trn tu l:
-Inventory (engine part, deck part, catering part): danh mc vt t, ph tng, dng
c... c lp ngay t khi bn giao tu khi xut xng ca nh my ng tu cho ch
tu. L c s ban u cho vic theo di qun l lng vt t- ph tng tiu th, hng, cp
mi trong thi gian qun l khai thc tu: Cp nht hng thng/qu, gi v cng ty sau
mi qu (3 thng/ln)
-Spare part and tool list for machinery/ deck : Danh mc cc ph tng thay th ca
tng my mc, trang thit b c bn ca hng ch to, s lng vt t ph tng, dng c
chuyn dng thit yu ang dng, s lng cn d tr theo quy nh, m s yu cu
cp, bn v- kch thc c bn (tn thit b, part number, vt liu, s chi tit, sketch, ....):
dng kim tra, tra cu lp danh mc yu cu cp.
-Essential Spare Part List: Danh mc vt t thit yu: lp theo quy nh v s lng
thc t ti thiu tha mn quy nh ca cng c quc t, ng kim, h thng qun l an
ton: Kim tra, cp nht hng qu, gi v cng ty sau mi qu (3 thng/ln)-Spare Part
Requisition:Yu cu cp ph tng, thit b d tr
-Store Part Requisition (Yu cu cp vt t d tr): lm theo mu khi yu cu
-Spare Part Delivery Receipt (Bin bn giao nhn cp ph tng, thit b d tr): kim tra,
k xc nhn khi giao nhn, lu li
-Store Part Delivery Receipt (Bin bn giao nhn cp vt t d tr): kim tra, k xc nhn
khi giao nhn, lu li
133/158
-Bo co s dng tiu th/ nhn vt t ca b phn my: theo quy nh ca SMS, cp nht
hng thng, gi v cng ty theo quy nh (3 thng/ ln)
-Bo co s dng tiu th/ nhn ph tng ca b phn boong: theo quy nh ca SMS, cp
nht hng thng, gi v cng ty theo quy nh (3 thng/ ln)
-Ti liu hng dn tra cu vt t - ph tng my mc thit b ca hng ch to (SPARE
PART CODE BOOK): dng kim tra, tra cu lp danh mc yu cu cp.
-Ti liu hng dn tra cu chng loi vt t, ph tng ngnh hng hi theo tiu chun
quc t, quc gia: IMPA, ISSA,... : dng kim tra, tra cu lp danh mc yu cu cp.
-Bin bn chuyn vt t thit b ln b sa cha, phc hi, thanh l: kim tra, k xc
nhn khi giao nhn, lu li
-Bin bn chuyn vt t thit b xung tu sau sa cha, phc hi: kim tra, k xc nhn
khi giao nhn, lu li
-Cc bo co, ti liu c thc hin theo nh k, thc t, v trong trng hp khn cp.
134/158
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 81: Nhng s c no c th xy ra khi nhn nhin liu? phng trnh nhng
s c ny cn phi lm g?
Yu cu:
- Hiu r v quy trnh nhn du trn tu;
- Hiu r v nguyn nhn, hu qu ca cc s c c th xy ra khi nhn du v cc bin
php phng, khc phc s c khi nhn du trn tu;
Hng dn tr li:
- Nhn du trn tu l mt hot ng ca tu trong trng thi nguy him. Quy trnh nhn
du trn tu c hng dn c th trong s tay h thng qun l an ton trn tu:
Quy trnh nhn du: t chc, phn cng nhim v, thng tin lin lc, cng vic
chun b v thc hin, thc tp nhn du, thc tp chng du trn, cng vic cn
ch khi nhn du
K hoch nhn du (bungkering plan)
Bunkering station (t chc-phn cng - nhim v - thng tin lin lc khi nhn du)
Danh mc kim tra trc khi nhn du (Bunkering check list)
Bn v s h thng nhn du.
Mt s s c- nguyn nhn thng gp khi giao nhn nhin liu:
1. Trn du qua ng thng hi, ng o: Nguyn nhn c th do kt cha qu y (thng
<85% V), lu lng nhn qu ln, thi kh p sut qu mnh, du nhn b to bt kh,
nhm kt
2. V ng nhn du: do p lc bm qu ln, du c nhit qu thp, khng m van
hoc m nh, chuyn i van vo cc kt khng ng quy trnh, ng khng bo m
bn
3. Rch giong bch nhn du: do p lc bm qu ln, du c nhit qu thp, khng
m van hoc m nh, chuyn i van vo cc kt khng ng quy trnh, giong khng
bo m bn, xit bu lng ai c khng cht, khng u
3. Nhn nhm kt: sai st khi ng mi, nhm tn van phn phi, tho tc khng ng
4. Thiu du: o cc thng s trc v sau khi nhn khng chnh xc, sng gi, tu b
nghing hoc chnh lch mn nc mi - li qu ln, du b ln bt kh, ln nc,
xc nh nhit du nhn khng ng, kt cu ng o b sa cha, hon ci khng
ng nh thit k ban u, ngi o tnh ton lng nhin liu khng chnh xc, nhm
ln
5. Du b ln nc: do cht lng du, do c tnh gian ln khi lng, do thng kt....
6. Cht lng du khng t yu cu k thut: do bn cp c tnh, khng ha nghim
trc khi nhn, quy trnh ly mu du khng cht ch, du khng r ngun gc, tri
ni...
Mt s ch trnh s c, x l s c khi giao nhn nhin liu:
Thc tp nhn du trc thi im nhn du trc t nht 24 gi.
135/158
Thc hin nghim ngt cc cng vic c quy nh trong quy trnh nhn du.
Lp k hoch nhn du vo cc kt hp l, lng trong kt <85% dung tch kt
Lp sn bng s liu o v dung tch kt mi v tr ng o d theo di lng
du nhn vo kt v lng du trong kt. Hng dn cch o cho thuyn vin,
cch truyn t thng tin vi trm nhn.
Khng nhn du vi lu lng v p sut ln qu mc cho php. Lp p k v
nhit k ng nhn du.
Thng nht cc phng thc trao i thng tin vi bn cp du v tu: ni, tay,
ch, c, VHF...
Khi mi bt u bm, bm lu lng nh, xc nh du vo ng kt mi tng dn
lu lng.
Khi lng du trong kt t n khong 70~75% V Topping off, phi gim lu
lng bm, o thng xuyn mc kt, khi n gn gi tr quy nh th m van
nhn vo kt k tip, kim tra chc chn du vo ng kt theo k hoch, sau
mi ng van kt khi nhn n mc quy nh.
Trc khi thi kh, phi ng np cc ng o.Thi kh vi p sut va phi, nn c
cc ti du chng trn cc ng thng hi.
Phi c bch ni trung gian nhn du c cc thit b: p k, nhit k, van ng ly
mu du. Ly mu du v qun l mu du ng quy nh.
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136/158
Cu 82: Quy trnh nhn nhin liu, du bi trn c quy nh v hng dn

u? Hy trnh by mt v d minh ha v quy trnh nhn nhin liu.
Yu cu:
- Hiu v cc quy trnh hot ng trn tu;
- Hiu v quy trnh nhn du trn tu;
Hng dn tr li:
Nhn du trn tu l mt hot ng ca tu trong trng thi nguy him. Quy trnh nhn
du trn tu c quy nh trong B lut quc t ISM Code v hng dn c th trong S
tay h thng qun l an ton trn tu.
V d minh ha v mt s cng vic c bn trong quy trnh nhn du:
1. Chun b nhn du i vi b phn my
- Lp k hoch nhn du Bunkering Plan c lp trc t nht 48 h, My trng ph
duyt trnh thuyn trng kim tra, k. T chc thc tp nhn du nu c th.
- Kim tra cc cng vic chun b theo danh mc:
Bunkering station (t chc-phn cng - nhim v - thng tin lin lc khi nhn du)
Danh mc kim tra trc khi nhn du (Bunkering check list)
Bn v s h thng nhn du.
- Kim tra tnh trng sn sng vi kt, ng ng, van, ... s nhn du;
- o kim tra xc nhn s lng du s nhn ph hp vi th tch kt;
- Kim tra tnh trng k thut ca van, ng nhn, ng thot hi, hp du trn ng thot
hi, van ng trch mu du, ...
- Sn sng cc dng c ng cu du trn (SOPEP): dng c, gi lau, mn ca, ha cht,
x, chu, cu ha, ..., bng cnh bo: Bunkering, No Smoking
- Chn cc l thot nc trn boong;
- Phn cng cc v tr trc cnh gii, ng m van, o du trong kt, ...
- Thng bo v tnh trng nguy him, lp knh thng tin lin lc gia cc v tr, gia cc
b phn, sn sng lin lc vi chnh quyn cng nu xy ra s c, ...
- Kim tra cc vn bn ca bn cp du; k bin bn phn cng trch nhim ca hai bn;
kim tra chng loi, lng du bn phng tin cp; ...
2. Chun b nhn du i vi b phn boong
- Kim tra tnh trng sn sng vi tu;
- Bt n, treo c tn hiu tu ang nhn du;
- Thng bo cc n v, cc c quan, b phn lin quan;
- Phn cng ngi ch huy, ngi trc ti cc v tr;
3. Mt s cng vic trong qu trnh nhn du v kt thc
137/158
- Cp du tht chm, xc nhn du vo kt nhn du;

- Theo di lin tc cc thng s: p sut du trn ng ng nhn; o mc du trong kt
tng ng vi cc s liu chiu chm ca tu; kim tra ng thot hi; ...
- Tnh ton lin tc lng du nhn;
- Ly mu du lin tc trong qu trnh nhn du;
- Xc nhn s lng du cp ;
- Kha van nhn du; k v nim phong mu du; k ha n nhn du;
- Thng bo kt thc nhn du an ton;
- K xc nhn cc check list; ghi nht k Oil record book;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 83: K hoch nhn du (Bunkering Plan) c lp trn c s no? Cho v d
minh ha
Yu cu:
- Nm c quy trnh nhn du, cc cng vic cn thc hin, cc cng vic giy t phi
lm theo biu mu ca quy trnh nhn du: k hoch nhn du (Bunkering Plan), ...
trong s tay qun l an ton ca c quan qun l tu.
- Nm c cc c s, yu t cn thit lp k hoch nhn du bo m an ton v hp
l nht vi iu kin thc t ca tu. Hiu c c im kt cu ton b h thng kt
cha, h thng van, ng ng, cc vt dng phng chy v chng du trn.
Hng dn tr li:
Nhn du trn tu l mt hot ng ca tu trong trng thi nguy him. Quy trnh nhn
du trn tu c quy nh trong B lut quc t ISM Code v hng dn c th trong S
tay h thng qun l an ton trn tu.
K hoch nhn du Bunkering Plan l mt cng vic c quy nh trong quy trnh
nhn du, c lp theo biu mu trc t nht 48 h.
Tha lnh ca my trng, My 2 hoc My 3 lp k hoch nhn du Bunkering
Plan, My trng kim tra, ph duyt, trnh thuyn trng k.
lp c k hoch nhn du bo m an ton v hp l nht vi iu kin thc t ca
tu cn nm c:
- Cc quy nh trong quy trnh nhn du
- Loi du, lng du, a im v thi gian nhn du
- D kin t trng v nhit ca du tnh ra dung tch cn nhn
- Hiu r s kt cu v b tr cc kt cha du: s kt cha, dung tch mi kt, v tr
kt cha, trao i vi i ph v d kin cc kt v s lng s nhn vo thng
nht (lin quan ti xp hng, loi hng, cn bng tu...).
- Bng tra s o dung tch kt (sounding table ) cc chnh mi li khc nhau
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- S lng cha trong cc kt (ti a 85% dung tch kt )

- Tnh trng cc kt du hin ti: lng cn, loi du, ang s dng
- Hn ch nhn du ln vo du nhn cc t trc tr khi khng cn cch no khc.
Bm chuyn du n kt cha nu cn thit. Nn nhn du vo kt rng.
- Th t nhn loi du: DO trc, FO sau
- Th t nhn vo kt cha: nn nhn theo nguyn tc kt rng trc, kt cn sau kt
thp trc, cao sau, xa bung my trc, gn bung my sau.
- Lu lng nhn du ti a cho php, p sut du nhn cho php, v lu lng nhn
khi kt gn s lng yu cu (Topping Off)
- Nhim v ca cc s quan, th my v cc b phn lin quan khi nhn du.
- Cc vt dng chng nhim mi trng, phng chy cha chy.
V d minh ha: a ra mt bn Bunker Plan thc t.
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Cu 84: Nn nhn nhin liu vo cc kt nh th no bo m an ton v thun
li khi s dng: th t nhn DO v FO, kt nhn, lng nhn vo kt, lu
lng v p sut bm cp, nhit nhin liu nhn.
Yu cu:
- Hiu r quy trnh nhn du
- Nhng ch cn thit vic nhn du an ton, s lng, cht lng bo m,
thun li khi s dng.
Hng dn tr li:
- Trong quy trnh nhn du, vic lp k hoch nhn du hp l ng quy nh ng vai
tr quan trng vic nhn du an ton.
- Ni dung c bn trong k hoch nhn du l: lng du cn li, loi du nhn, lng
du nhn, a im v thi gian nhn du, d kin t trng v nhit ca du tnh
ra dung tch cn nhn, th t loi du nhn, th t v lng nhn vo cc kt, lu
lng nhn, nhit du nhn...
Nhng ch cn thit lp k hoch nhn du bo m vic nhn du an ton,
s lng, cht lng bo m, thun li khi s dng:
- Hiu r s kt cu v b tr cc kt cha du: s kt cha, dung tch mi kt, v tr
kt cha, trao i vi i ph v d kin cc kt v s lng s nhn vo thng
nht (lin quan ti xp hng, loi hng, cn bng tu...).
- Hn ch nhn du ln vo du nhn cc t trc tr khi khng cn cch no khc.
Bm chuyn du n kt cha nu cn thit. Nn nhn du vo kt rng.
- Th t nhn loi du: DO trc, FO sau
- Th t nhn vo kt cha: nn nhn theo nguyn tc kt rng trc, kt cn sau kt
thp trc, kt cao sau, kt xa bung my trc, kt gn sau.
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- Lu lng nhn du phi da trn c s quy nh ca h thng thit k. Nn chn

khong 70~75% lu lng ti a cho php (100~ 400 m3/h) v iu chnh lu lng
thng qua p k bch nhn theo lng du nhn vo kt, phi gim lu lng khi
n 70~75% dung tch (TOPPING OFF). Cn lu p sut (lu lng) nhn FO v
DO khc nhau vi DO c nht rt thp, khi nhit du gim, p sut ng nhn
tng nu cng lu lng nhn.
- Lng nhn vo cc kt khng qu 85% dung tch kt.
- Yu cu nhit du cp phi c hm n nhit khong 35 ~ 45 0C. Khi nhit
cp qu thp s lm tng p sut ng ng cp, gim lu lng cp, thi gian cp
du s lu. Bn cp du c gian ln lng du cp thng cp FO c nhit thp,
nht cao khi ln bt kh lm tng dung tch v thi gian bt kh tch ra cung s
rt lu, lng du nhn s khng xc nh chnh xc c, d bi thiu
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 85: Nhng nguyn nhn no c th gy trn du khi nhn nhin liu hay du
nhn. Hy nu cc bin php phng trnh trn du khi nhn nhin liu
hay du nhn.
Yu cu:
- Hiu r v quy trnh nhn du trn tu;
- Hiu r v nguyn nhn, hu qu ca s c trn du xy ra khi nhn du v cc bin
php phng, khc phc s c khi nhn du trn tu;
Hng dn tr li:
- Nhn du trn tu l mt hot ng ca tu trong trng thi nguy him. Quy trnh nhn
du trn tu c hng dn c th trong s tay h thng qun l an ton trn tu.
Trn du l mt trong nhng s c d xy ra khi giao nhn nhin liu.
1. Trn du qua ng thng hi, ng o: nguyn nhn c th do kt cha qu y >85% V,
lu lng nhn qu ln, thi kh p sut qu mnh, du nhn b to bt kh, nhn nhm
kt, thiu s kim tra, o c thng xuyn trong qu trnh nhn du, tnh ton sai s
o ca kt cha hoc dung tch kt cha, van vao kt ng khng kn...
2. V ng nhn du: do p lc bm qu ln, du c nhit qu thp, khng m van
hoc m nh, chuyn i van vo cc kt khng ng quy trnh, ng khng bo m
bn
3. Rch giong bch nhn du: do p lc bm qu ln, du c nhit qu thp, khng
m van hoc m nh, chuyn i van vo cc kt khng ng quy trnh, giong khng
bo m bn, xit bu lng ai c khng cht, khng u
Mt s ch trnh s c trn du, x l s c khi giao nhn nhin liu:
Thc tp nhn du trc thi im nhn du trc t nht 24 gi.
Thc hin nghim ngt cc cng vic c quy nh trong quy trnh nhn du.
Lp k hoch nhn du vo cc kt hp l, lng trong kt <85% dung tch kt
140/158
Lp sn bng s liu o v dung tch kt mi v tr ng o d theo di lng

du nhn vo kt v lng du trong kt. Hng dn cch o cho thuyn vin,
cch truyn t thng tin vi trm nhn.
Khng nhn du vi lu lng v p sut ln qu mc cho php. Lp p k v
nhit k ng nhn du.
Thng nht cc phng thc trao i thng tin vi bn cp du v tu: ni, tay,
ch, c, VHF...
Khi mi bt u bm, bm lu lng nh, xc nh du vo ng kt mi tng dn
lu lng.
Khi lng du trong kt t n khong 70~75% V Topping off, phi gim lu
lng bm, o thng xuyn mc kt, khi n gn gi tr quy nh th m van
nhn vo kt k tip, kim tra chc chn du vo ng kt theo k hoch, sau
mi ng van kt khi nhn n mc quy nh.
Trc khi thi kh, phi ng np cc ng o.Thi kh vi p sut va phi, nn c
cc ti du chng trn cc ng thng hi.
Phi c bch ni trung gian nhn du c cc thit b: p k, nhit k, van ng ly
mu du. Ly mu du v qun l mu du ng quy nh.
nh k thc tp chng du trn
Sn sng k hoch v thit b chng du trn (SOPEP)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 86: Trnh by cc qui nh v vic ly mu nhin liu nhn v bo qun mu
nhin liu nhn trn tu.
Yu cu:
- Nm c cc qui nh ly du mu theo cng c quc t MARPOL
- Lin h kinh nghim nhn du, ly mu v qun l mu du trong thc t
Hng dn tr li:
Ly mu du:
- Du mu phi c ly ti ng gp chung trn tu nhn du v phi c ly lin tc
trong sut thi gian cp du bng thit b chuyn dng.
- Chai ng du mu phi c lm sch v kh ro.
- Du mu c ly t nht 3 chai: lu gi tu nhn du 2 chai, bn cp du 1 chai.
- Ngay trc khi du vo chai cha du mu, lng du mu nguyn thy phi c
khuy u chc chn n c ng nht.
- Lng du trong mi chai ng du mu khng di 400 ml.
141/158
- Chai du mu c cha ti 90 +- 5% dung tch v c nim phong, c ch k ca

ngi i din cp du v thuyn trng/my trng hoc s quan ph trch nhn du.
v c lu gi trn tu cho n khi tiu th ht nhng khng di 12 thng.
Ct gi du mu:
- Du mu phi c ct gi ni an ton, sp xp gn gng theo th t, c bin thng
bo, ngoi khu vc bung .
- Du mu phi c trn gi, ni khng b nh hng bi nhit cao, tt nht l
ti nhit mi trng, khng b nh hng trc tip ca nh nng mt tri.
- Mu c lu gi trn tu cho n khi tiu th ht nhng khng di 12 thng
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 87: Khi nhn nhin liu, cn quan tm n nhng ch tiu no v thnh phn
ha hc v c tnh ca nhin liu? Nhin liu nh th no th t chi
khng nhn?
Yu cu:
- Hiu bit v cc tnh cht ca nhin liu
- Nm c cc qui nh ca cng c quc t v hm lng lu hunh trong nhin
liu.
Hng dn tr li:
- Khi nhn nhin liu cn quan tm n cc ch tiu v thnh phn ha hc v c tnh
ca nhin liu:
+ T trng: xc nh khi lng nhin liu
+ nht: xc nh nhit hm du n nht thch hp theo c tnh Nht-Nhit
+ Nhit bn la: m bo an ton khi hm du trong nhng kt h
+ Nhit ng c: Kh nng bm chuyn du khi thi tit lnh gi
+ Hm lng nc: la chn ch lc ph hp
+ Hm lng lu hunh: m bo trnh kh nng pht thi SO x theo qui nh ca
MARPOL
+ Cc thnh phn khc nh: Alluminum, tro.
+ Mu, mi ca nhin liu
+ Yu cu ha nghim khi cn thit.
- T chi khng nhn nhin liu khi:
+ Nhin liu khng ng chng loi yu cu, khng ph hp vi loi ng c: nh gi
qua phiu v c tnh vt l v thnh phn ha hc ca du vi loi nhin liu c
php s dng.
+ Nhn thy du c mu, mi, nht, cht lng bt thng qua mu du. Yu cu ha
nghim xc nh li cht lng nhin liu.
142/158
+ Hm lng lu hunh vt qu quy nh ca MARPOL: T 01/01/ 2012: Hm lng

Lu hunh trong nhin liu khng vt qu 3,5%, T 01/01/2020: Hm lng Lu
hunh trong nhin liu khng vt qu 0,5%. Trong khu vc hn ch pht thi SOx
(Baltic sea, North sea, English channel): T 01/07/2010 khng vt qu 1%; T
01/01/2015 khng vt qu 0,1%
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 88: xc nh chnh xc lng nhin liu nhn c cn quan tm n nhng
yu t no? Cho mt s v d minh ha.
Yu cu:
- Nm c c tnh vt l ca nhin liu
- Nm c c im ca kt cha, nh hng ca nghing, chi ca tu.
Hng dn tr li:
1. xc nh chnh xc lng nhin liu nhn c cn quan tm n cc vn sau:
- T trng ca nhin liu theo ha n cp du (c tnh 150C).
- Nhit nhin liu trong kt: Vic xc nh nhit du trong kt nhm xc nh
c t trng ca du nhit hin ti.
- S o ca kt cha: Vic xc nh s o ca kt cha cho php tra c th tch ca
nhin liu trong kt cha da vo cc bng cho trc (sounding table).
- Thi kh ng o nu cn thit (theo kt cu ng o)
- chi ca tu: hiu chnh s o cc chi khc nhau.
- nghing ca tu: hiu chnh s o cc nghing khc nhau.
- Mc ln kh trong nhin liu: Khi bm nhin liu vo kt, mt lng ln khng kh
b trn ln trong nhin liu. c s o chnh xc cn i mt thi gian di
khng kh thot ht ra khi nhin liu.
- Mc ln nc trong nhin liu: Lng nc ln trong nhin liu phi c tnh n
trong qu trnh xc nh lng nhin liu thc t c trong kt.
- Kim tra cc phao, dy phao ch bo mc
- Kim tra cc van ng thy theo nguyn tc bnh thng nhau
2. Cho mt s v d minh ha: Cho v d v nhit ca nhin liu hoc chi ca tu
nh hng ti khi lng nhin liu nhn c.
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Cu 89: Khi hm nhin liu cc kt cha, kt lng, kt trc nht, vo my lc,

trc khi vo ng c cn ch g. Ti sao?
Yu cu:
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- Nm c v tr cc kt cha nhin liu m n c th nh hng ti hng ha chuyn

ch hoc sc khe con ngi
- S an ton v chy n ca nhin liu
- Nm c cc yu cu v nhit v nht ca nhin liu ng c c th hot
ng bnh thng.
Hng dn tr li:
- Khi hm nhin liu cc kt cha di y tu khng nn hm ti nhit qu cao v
c th lm hng hng ha pha trn hm hng. Nhit hm cao cn lm cho cc
thnh phn nh trong nhin liu bay hi nhiu, lm hao ht lng du trong kt v nh
hng ti sc khe con ngi. Ngoi ra, nhit lng chi ph cho vic hm du qu ln
cng nh hng ti tnh kinh t ca ni hi. Ngc li, nu nhit hm nhin liu
qu thp s lm kh nng bm chuyn kh khn, bm chuyn nhin liu lm vic
nng n.
- Khi hm nhin liu kt lng, kt trc nht qu cao s lm tng nguy c xy ra chy
n. Vic hm nhin liu cc kt lng, kt trc nht ni ring v nhng kt h ni
chung khng c hm vt qu nhit bn la ca nhin liu (Flash point).
Thng hm kt lng FO 65~75oC, kt trc nht FO 80~85oC
- Nhit hm nhin liu trc khi vo my lc phi m bo nht v t trng ca
nhin liu theo qui nh ca nh ch to nhm m bo cht lng lc l tt nht, bo
m nhit an ton khi chuyn vo kt cha. Thng t 85~90oC
- Nhin liu trc khi vo ng c phi m bo ng nht theo yu cu ca nh ch
to ng c. Nu nht khng ng yu cu s nh hng ti hnh dng tia nhin
liu v s phn b ca chm tia nhin liu trong bung t, lm qu trnh chy km,
cc thng s cng tc ca ng c b km i. Mt khc, khi nht qu cao s lm
cho cc chi tit thuc h thng nhin liu lm vic nng n (Cam, Bm cao p, ng
cao p, vi phun), lm gim tui th ca cc chi tit ny v gim an ton khi khai
thc. nht ca nhin liu c iu chnh thng qua b iu chnh nht hoc
chn nhit hm FO theo c tnh Nht Nhit. Nhit hm FO vi loi nhin
liu 180sct thng t 110~ 120oC, vi loi nhin liu 380sct thng t 130~ 135oC.
Khng c hm nhin liu FO n nhit > 150oC. nht ca nhin liu FO
phun vo ng c thng t 10~14cst, thc t thng t 12 cst.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 90: Nht k du phi c ghi trong nhng trng hp no? Ai l ngi c

trch nhim ghi nht k du? Ai l ngi kim tra, k vo cc trang ca
nht k du? Vic lu gi nht k du th no?
Yu cu:
- Nm c kt cu ca mt cun nht k du.
144/158
- Nm c cc qui nh v ghi chp, k duyt nht k du

- Nm c cc qui nh ca MARPOL v vic lu gi nht k du.
Hng dn tr li:
- Nht k du c ghi trong bt k mt trng hp no lin quan n du t, du
nhn v cn du, c th l:
+ Khi bm phn ly nc la canh bung my ra ngoi, gn du tr v kt cha.
+ Khi bm chuyn du cn hoc du sch gia cc kt cha di tu.
+ Khi chuyn du cn ln cc phng tin tip nhn.
+ Khi t du cn trong cc my t rc
+ Khi o cc kt cha du cn trc khi tu vo cng
+ Khi tip nhn du t (nhin liu) hoc du nhn.
Ni dung ghi chp phi tun th theo cc hng dn ghi trong s nht k du.
- My trng l ngi c trch nhim ghi ton b cc ni dung trong nht k du.
- Thuyn trng l ngi c trch nhim kim tra v k vo cc trang ca nht k du.
- Nht k du phi c lu gi trn tu 3 nm theo qui nh.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu 91: Hiu th no v thng s TBN ca du bi trn? TBN ca cc loi du bi
trn s mi xilanh, du bi trn tun hon, ng c chy nhin liu DO, FO
khc nhau nh th no?
Yu cu:
- Nm c vai tr ca du bi trn v cc tnh cht ca du bi trn.
- Nm c cc bin php nhm hn ch s n mn im sng trong ng c diesel
Hng dn tr li:
- Du bi trn c vai tr chnh l bi trn cho cc chi tit chuyn ng, lm gim ma
st, gim hao mn chi tit, lm mt cc chi tit, ra sch cc chi tit, bo v cc chi tit
khng b xi ha v trung ha thnh phn a xt nu c.
- Vi cc ng c diesel s dng nhin liu nng, do tn ti thnh phn lu hunh trong
nhin liu nn khi chy s to ra thnh phn xt lu hunh. Trong trng hp nhit
kh x thp, thnh phn nc trong kh x ngng t, kt hp vi xt lu hunh to
ra a-xt gy n mn cc chi tit, c bit l smi xilanh.
- trnh hin tng n mn nh trn, trong du nhn bi trn smi xilanh cn phi
c mt hm lng kim nht nh trung ha ht lng a-xit c kh nng to ra trn
mt gng xilanh. c trng cho lng kim , ngi ta a ra thng s TBN
- TBN l s miligam KOH c trong 1 gam du nhn.
- Tuy nhin, trnh s n mn ca a xit i vi cc chi tit khc ca ng c do kh x
r lt xung, du nhn bi trn cho h thng cng cn phi c mt hm lng kim
nht nh.
145/158
- Nh vy, TBN ca loi du bi trn smi xilanh yu cu phi cao hn nhiu so vi

du nhn bi trn h thng: 40 ~ 80
- Vi ng c ch s dng nhin liu DO, do hm lng lu hunh trong nhin liu rt
nh nn TBN ca du bi trn l yu cu khng cao: 5~15
- Vi ng c c patanh bn trt, do kh nng kh chy v sn phm kh chy lt vo
du h thng hu nh khng c nn TBN ca du bi trn h thng thp hn so vi
ng c khng c patanh bn trt: 5~10, khng c khng c patanh bn trt: 15~
30
- Trong qu trnh hot ng, TBN ca du bi trn tun hon gim dn, nh k phi
ha nghim, thm ph gia, b sung du mi, hoc thay du.
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Cu 92: Khi nhn du bi trn, cn quan tm n nhng ch tiu no v thnh phn
ha hc v c tnh ca du. Du bi trn nh th no th t chi khng
nhn.
Yu cu:
- Nm c vai tr chc nng ca du bi trn.
- Nm c cc c tnh ca du bi trn.
Hng dn tr li:
- Du bi trn c vai tr chnh l bi trn cho cc chi tit chuyn ng, lm gim ma
st, gim hao mn chi tit, lm mt cc chi tit, ra sch cc chi tit, bo v cc chi tit
- Du bi trn c phn loi theo loi ng c s dng, chi tit c bi trn, nhin
liu ng c s dng. c tnh v thnh phn ha hc ca mi loi du bi trn s
khc nhau.
- Vic la chn du bi trn ph hp cho mi loi ng c ng c, chi tit c bi
trn, nhin liu s dng c t vn bi hng cung cp du bi trn.
- Xut pht t vai tr ca du bi trn vic la chn du bi trn ph hp, khi nhn du
bi trn cn quan tm n loi du, t trng, nht ni chung v cc c tnh khc
ca du, c bit l ch s kim tng TBN.
- Du bi trn khng ng chng loi, khng ng v ch s kim tng v khng m
bo v cht lng th t chi khng nhn.
- Khi nhn thy mu, mi, cht lng bt thng thi khng nhn, yu cu kim tra, ha
nghim xc nh cht lng du. Co th kim tra n gin qua LO TEST PAPER
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Cu 93: Ly mu du bi trn ha nghim nhm mc ch g? Du bi trn ca
thit b no cn nh k ly mu kim tra ha nghim nh gi cht
lng du?
Yu cu:
- Nm c vai tr chc nng ca du bi trn.
- Nm c cc c tnh ca du bi trn.
Hng dn tr li:
146/158
- Khi tip nhn du nhn, cc thnh phn ha hc v tnh cht ca du nhn khng c
iu kin kim tra di tu. trnh cc nhm ln khi cp du do cp khng ng
chng loi, khng m bo cht lng, do ln nhiu cc thnh phn c hi th vic
ly du mu gi i ha nghim l cn thit, lm c s gii quyt kin co v sau
nu c.
- Du bi trn sau mt thi gian s dng s b bin cht do xi ha, do s tc ng ca
kh chy, do ln nhiu tp bn cc b mt ma st to ra, ln nc Chnh v vy,
vic nh k kim tra cht lng ca du nhn sau mt thi gian s dng l cn thit.
- Do iu kin kim tra cht lng di tu cn nhiu hn ch, thng phng php
gin n, nn nhiu thnh phn v tnh cht ca du nhn khng th tin hnh kim
tra xc nh c trn tu. Chnh v vy, khi nhn du nhn hoc du nhn qua
mt thi gian s dng cn nh k ly mu ha nghim, t lm c s khng
nh du nhn cn c th tip tc c s dng na hay khng, v nh gi c tnh
trng k thut ca cc chi tit c bi trn qua cc thnh phn tp cht trong mu
du (thnh phn kim loi, kh chy).
- Nhng loi du nhn khng c php dng li nh du nhn bi trn smi xilanh
hoc cc du nhn ca thit b vi khi lng nh, dng trong thi gian ngn, c
nh ky thay th khng cn tht phi nh k ly mu ha nghim: my nn kh,
my lnh, iu ha, my lc, b iu tc, du tua bin loi bi,
- Du bi trn c s dng lu di trong thit b mi cn thit phi nh k ly mu
ha nghim, phn tch, nh gi:
- Du bi trn tun hon ca my chnh: 3 thng/ ln
- Du bi trn tun hon ca tua bin tng p my chnh: 3 thng/ ln
- Du bi trn tun hon ca ng c lai my pht in s dng FO, c Sump Tk v h
thng lc tun hon, khi lng ln: 3 thng/ ln
- Du thy lc my li: 6 thng/ ln
- Du bi trn h trc chn vt: 6 thng/ ln
- Du thy lc h thng ti cu: 6 thng/ ln
- Du hp s my chnh: 3 thng/ ln
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Cu 94: iu chnh lng du bi trn s mi xi lanh cho cc ng c c ln da trn

c s no? Trnh by qui trnh iu chnh lng du bi trn s mi xi lanh
khi nhn tu ng mi.
Yu cu:
- Nm c kt cu, nguyn tc hot ng ca h thng bi trn s mi xilanh.
- Nm c vai tr bi trn v kh nng trung ha a xit ca du bi trn s mi xilanh.
- Nm c qui trnh hiu chnh lng du bi trn khi ng c mi xut xng.
Hng dn tr li:
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Lng du nhn bi trn smi xilanh cho cc ng c c ln cn phi c iu

chnh trong cc trng hp sau:
Khi iu ng, ma n, khi ng c chy nh ti vi nhit kh x thp hoc khi
ti thay i ln.
Khi chy r: thay mi nhm piston-xc mng-xilanh.
Hiu chnh theo gi hot ng ca ng c trong thi k ng c mi xut xng
(chy r- running in).
Qui trnh hiu chnh lng du bi trn smi xilanh khi ng c mi xut xng:
c, hiu, nm chc cc quy nh v hng dn ca hng ch to ng c, lng
tiu th du bi trn s mi xi lanh, cch kim tra, hiu chnh.
Phi hiu r cu to, nguyn l hot ng ca bm du bi trn smi xilanh, cch
hiu chnh lng du bi trn cho ton b cc im bi trn ca mt xilanh v
hiu chnh ti cc im bi trn ring r.
V v gii thch biu hiu chnh (m t s thay i ca lng du bi trn cung
cp cho xilanh theo thi gian hot ng ca ng c)
Phi hiu chnh ng theo ch dn: thi gian chy, mc hiu chnh, lng tiu th
Cc ch khi hiu chnh: Trc khi hiu chnh gim lng du bi trn s mi
xilanh nht thit phi kim tra tnh trng ca piston, xc mng v tnh trng mt
gng xilanh qua ca qut, ca khm.
Kim tra lng du xi lanh tiu thu so vi quy nh ca hng ch to
Kim tra thit b ch bo lu lng bm du xi lanh ca tng ng phun, nh gi.
Tham kho biu sau:
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149/158
Cu 95: Khi khai thc ng c c ln ch nh ti, ch iu ng hoc ch

ti thay i t ngt, lng du bi trn cho s mi xi lanh c iu chnh
nh th no? Trnh by qui trnh iu chnh lng du bi trn s mi xi
lanh khi thay mi nhm piston xi lanh.
Yu cu:
- Nm c kt cu, nguyn tc hot ng ca h thng bi trn s mi xilanh.
- Nm c vai tr bi trn v kh nng trung ha a xit ca du bi trn s mi xilanh.
- Nm c qui trnh hiu chnh lng du bi trn cho smi xilanh khi ng c lm
vic ch nh ti, ti thay i t ngt, thay mi nhm piston-xilanh.
Hng dn tr li:
- Du bi trn c vai tr chnh l bi trn cho cc chi tit chuyn ng, lm gim ma st,
gim hao mn chi tit, lm mt cc chi tit, ra sch cc chi tit, bo v cc chi tit
- Vi cc ng c diesel s dng nhin liu nng, do tn ti thnh phn lu hunh trong
nhin liu nn khi chy s to ra thnh phn xt lu hunh. Trong trng hp nhit
kh x thp, thnh phn nc trong kh x ngng t, kt hp vi xt lu hunh to ra
a-xt gy n mn cc chi tit, c bit l smi xilanh.
- trnh hin tng n mn nh trn, trong du nhn bi trn smi xilanh cn phi c
mt hm lng kim nht nh trung ha ht lng a-xit c kh nng to ra trn mt
gng xilanh. c trng cho lng kim , du bi trn c tr s kim tngTBN.
- Khi khai thc ng c c ln ch nh ti, ch iu ng hoc ch ti thay
i t ngt, do tc chuyn ng ca piston thp, kh nng to mng du km nn
cc xc mng s t cht vo mt gng xilanh, lm gim lng du bm trn mt
gng xilanh. Mt khc, do nhit kh x thp nn kh nng gy n mn im sng
kh cao. Chnh v nhng l do nn trong trng hp ng c hot ng ch
nh ti, ch iu ng hoc ch ti thay i t ngt, vic tng lng du bi
trn cho smi xilanh rt cn thit.
- Thng thng, trong nhng trng hp nh trn, lng du bi trn cho smi xilanh
c iu chnh ln 150% so vi ch khai thc n nh.
- Qui trnh hiu chnh lng du bi trn cho smi xilanh khi thay mi nhm piston-
xilanh:
c, hiu, nm chc cc quy nh v hng dn ca hng ch to ng c, lng
tiu th du bi trn s mi xi lanh, cch kim tra, hiu chnh.
Phi hiu r cu to, nguyn l hot ng ca bm du bi trn smi xilanh, cch
hiu chnh lng du bi trn cho ton b cc im bi trn ca mt xilanh v
hiu chnh ti cc im bi trn ring r.
Phi hiu chnh tng lng du xi lanh ph hp trc khi gim ti hoc trc khi
ti thay ng c i t ngt
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Cu 96: Trn tu thng dng nhng loi ha cht g? Hy nu mc ch s dng

v nhng ch khi s dng cc loi ha cht bo m hiu qu, an ton,
trnh h hng thit b, nhim mi trng?.
Yu cu:
- Trnh by c cc loi ha cht s dng trn tu v nu mc ch s dng ca cc
loi ha cht ny trn tu.
- Trnh by nhng lu khi s dng cc loi ha cht bo m hiu qu, an ton,
trnh h hng thit b, nhim mi trng.
Hng dn tr li:
Cc ha cht s dng trn tu c chia ra cc nhm:
Ha cht v sinh, ty ra;
Ha cht x l nc, du;
Ha cht chng nhim;
Trn tu thng s dng cc loi ha cht cho cc mc ch khc nhau nh:
v sinh, ty ra cu cn;
x l nc ni hi, nc lm mt ng c diesel;
Lm dung mi pha sn;
lm ha cht ha tan du;
lm ha cht ci thin tnh cht ca nhin liu;
lm ha cht ha vo nc chng ct phc v cho n ung ca thuyn vin trn
tu;
lm ha cht tch nc trong h thng lnh;
lm ha cht kh trng trong thit b x l nc thi v sinh.
Dung dch axit, kim cho c quy
Khi s dng cc loi ha cht ny cn lu :
- Cn phi tun th theo hng dn ca hng sn xut;
- Trc khi s dng cn phi kim tra cng dng ca tng loi ha cht, trnh s dng
nhm ha cht;
- Trc khi s dng ha cht cho mc ch g cn phi kim tra k xc nh ng liu
lng s dng;
- Khi dng ha cht x l th thng xuyn phi kim tra nng iu chnh lng
ha cht cho ph hp, trnh dng qu liu lng gy n mn, ph hy thit b hoc gy
nhim mi trng.
- Khi x l xong m nng ha cht cao th phi s dng ha cht trung ha.
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- Cc dung dch thi ra phi c cha vo nhng thit b theo ng quy nh, khng
c x ra mi trng gy nhim mi trng.
- Khi s dng xong phi ha cht vo ng ni quy nh, bo qun ng quy nh.
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Cu 97: Nc ni hi v nc lm mt my chnh thng c kim tra v x l

nh th no. Cn ch nhng g c kt qu tt?
Yu cu:
Trnh by c cc bi kim tra cht lng nc ni hi, nc lm mt my chnh.
Mc ch ca vic kim tra .
Nu c cch x l nc ni hi, nc lm mt my chnh da trn kt qu kim tra.
Nu c nhng lu c kt qu kim tra v kt qu x l tt.
Hng dn tr li:
Vic kim tra cht lng nc ni hi v nc lm mt my chnh nhm mc ch
xc nh c cng ca nc ( PH), xc nh c cc loi mui c trong nc
cng nh xc nh c vic nhim nc bin vo trong nc ni hi hay nc lm mt
my chnh. Trn c s kt qu kim tra x l nc ni hi v nc lm mt my chnh,
nhm nng cao cht lng lm vic ca ni hi, ca my chnh, nh gi kh nng n
mn ca nc, trnh c hin tng n mn, ng cu cn lm h hng b mt trao i
nhit ca ni hi, b mt lm mt ca s mi xilanh, np xilanh..
Kim tra cht lng nc ni hi l kim tra clorua, pht pht, nitrat, pH..
Kim tra pH l kim tra cng ca nc ni hi (nc ni hi thng cn c
duy tr pH=10~12);
Kim tra nng clorua l kim tra nhim mn ca nc ni hi;
Kim tra hm lng ion pht pht v nitrat l kim tra kh nng ng cu ca
nc trn cc b mt trao i nhit.
i vi mi hng sn xut thit b kim tra s c cc bi kim tra nht nh v c
hng dn thc hin cc phng php kim tra nc ni hi c th.
i vi kim tra cht lng nc lm mt my chnh ta ch cn kim tra pH v
kim tra nhim mn clorua ca nc. Phng php kim tra cng ging nh kim tra
pH v clorua trong kim tra cht lng nc ni hi. Nc ngt lm mt my thng cn
c duy tr pH = 8~9
Sau khi kim tra c kt qu kim tra th ta tin hnh x l nc ni hi hay x l
nc lm mt my chnh theo hng dn ca hng cung cp thit b kim tra.
Cn phi c cc ch sau vic kim tra v x l c hiu qu tt nh:
Thi gian gia hai ln kim tra phi thc hin theo ng quy nh nh: kim tra
cht lng nc ni theo nh k l 2 ngy mt ln kim tra, nc lm mt my chnh th
hng tun phi nh k kim tra.
Trc khi kim tra th phi v sinh sch s dng c cn kim tra kt qu kim
tra chnh xc;
Mu nc kim tra phi ly ng ni quy nh.
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Trc khi ly mu phi x nc vi ly mu mu ly c chnh xc;

Cc mu nc phi ly theo hng dn ly mu;
Cc mu nc ly mu phi c lm ngui theo ng quy nh.
Khi x l nc phi tun th theo ng hng dn ca hng sn xut, ng loi
ha cht v ng liu lng.
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Cu 98: Khi s dng ha cht ty ra cc thit b trao i nhit cn ch g c
kt qu tt? Cho v d c th v mt loi ha cht m bn dng?
Yu cu:
Trnh by c cc ch khi s dng ha cht ty ra cc thit b trao i nhit c
kt qu tt.
a ra c mt v d v mt loi ha cht m bn dng.
Hng dn tr li:
1-Nhng ch khi s dng ha cht ty ra cc thit b trao i nhit c hiu qu
Khi s dng ha cht ty ra cc thit b trao i nhit th cn phi c cc ch nh:
Ha cht chn phi khng n mn, ph hy vt liu ca thit b trao i nhit.
S dng liu lng ha cht phi ng liu lng theo hng dn ca hng cung cp
ha cht;
Trong qu trnh ty ra phi thng xuyn khuy ha cht ha tan u trn b mt
cn ty ra (c th s dng gi khuy u ha cht);
Tng s lu ng, lun chuyn to dng c ha cht tc ng ln b mt cn ty ra:
sc kh nn, bm tun hon, phun tia, tc ng c kh.
Thng xuyn phi kim tra hm lng ha cht trong nc ty ra nh gi c
lng cu cn ty ra v lng cu cn cn li trn b mt cn ty ra (khi nng
ha cht khng thay i na th chng t lp cu cn c ty ra sch);
Cho ha cht vo trung ha ht ha cht cn li trong nc ty ra;
Sau khi ty ra bng ha cht xong phi x ht nc v ra li b mt cn ty ra
bng nc x ht cn lng ng trong ;
Lp rp hon chnh thit b trao i nhit, sau th kn thit b.
2-a ra mt v d v s dng ha cht ty ra thit b trao i nhit
Bn c th a ra mt v d v mt loi ha cht m bn s dng ty ra thit
b trao i nhit. V d nh bn s dng ACC-9 ( Air Cooler Cleaner) ty ra pha kh
bu sinh hn kh tng p.
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Cu 99: Ni hi trn cc tu ch du th c trang b h thng kh tr c g c bit?

Trn tu trang b nhiu ni hi, qu trnh ha song song c thc hin
nh th no?
153/158
Yu cu:
Trnh by c nhng khc bit ca ni hi trn cc tu ch du th c trang b h
thng kh tr.
Nu c c im ca cc loi ni hi trn tu trang b nhiu ni hi v nu quy
trnh ha song song cc ni hi.
Hng dn tr li:
1. Ni hi trn cc tu ch du th c trang b h thng kh tr.
i vi cc tu ch du th ni ring v cc tu ch du ni chung th trn cc tu
ny phi c trang b h thng kh tr phng nga ha hon. H thng kh tr thc
cht l h thng sn xut kh CO2 np vo trong phn trng pha trn ca cc kt cha
du nhm pha long khng kh, trnh hin tng chy n cc kt du khi trong cc kt c
yu t gy chy. Ngun sn xut kh CO 2 trn cc tu ny thng c ly t kh x ca
cc ni hi ph trn tu. Chnh v vy m ng khi ca cc ni hi trn tu du th c
trang b h thng kh tr c ni vi c hai ng: ng x ra mi trng v ng
a vo h thng kh tr. Nh vy trn ng khi phi b tr hai van cch ly, mt van chn
trn ng x ra mi trng, mt van chn trn ng cp ti h thng kh tr.
i vi ni hi ny th h thng iu khin qu trnh chy trong bung t phi c
lp t duy tr lng oxy trong kh x l nh nht.
3. Ha song song cc ni hi:
i vi cc tu trang b nhiu ni hi m nhu cu s dng hi rt a dng nh cc tu
du. Hi trn cc tu du s dng cp hi cho ng c lai bm hng, cho nhu cu hm
sy du, cho nhu cu v sinh hm hng, ni hi chnh ca tu tua bin hi lai chn vt.v.v.
Chnh v vy m ngi ta c th b tr nhiu ni hi lm vic song song.
lm vic song song c th cc loi ni hi phi cng p sut cng tc v p sut
cng tc phi n nh, cng l loi ni hi c h thng t ng iu khin qu trnh chy
theo ti ca ni hi, loi ni hi cp nc kiu bm chy lin tc.
Quy trnh ha ni hi song song nh sau:
t ni hi nh ha song song;
ni hi lm vic ch t ng;
Cho ni hi chy n nh trong mt thi gian nht nh;
Kim tra p sut ca ni hi nh ha vo h thng;
M h van hi chnh sy ng ng;
M t t van hi chnh cp hi vo h thng chnh cho n khi van hi chnh
m hon ton. Khi ny hai ni hi ha vo lm vic song song. Nu ha song
song hai ni hi m p sut cng tc ca cc ni hi vn gim th ta c th ha
thm ni hi th ba vo hot ng.
Kim tra s hot ng ng b ca cc ni hi thng qua lu lng tiu thu nhin
liu ca mi ni hi.
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Hiu chnh s ng b qua c tnh iu chnh ca B iu chnh p sut hi, BC

p sut hi s iu chnh qu chnh chy ca ni hi.
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Cu 100:Khi mt s c nghim trng xy ra i vi cc trang thit b, my trng

x l nh th no? Cho v d minh ha c th.
Yu cu:
- Hiu r v quy trnh x l, bo co, phn tch v khc phc s khng ph hp, tai nn v
tnh hung nguy him c quy nh v hng dn trong s tay qun l an ton trn tu
- Hiu r v phn cng nhim v khi c tnh hung khn cp trn tu;
Hng dn tr li:
1. X l s c
- Hiu r v quy trnh x l, bo co, phn tch v khc phc s khng ph hp, tai nn v
tnh hung nguy him c quy nh v hng dn trong s tay qun l an ton trn tu
- Lp sn cc quy trnh ng ph s c c th xy ra, hng dn thuyn vin thc hin.
- nh k thc tp ng ph cc tnh hung s c.
- Khi c s c xy ra: Bnh tnh, nhanh chng xc nh tnh cht s c v cc bin php
x l ph hp gim thiu cc tn tht; ngn chn cc s c lan truyn. Bo ng,
thng bo s c cho thuyn trng, tnh cht, v tr, yu cu h tr.
- Dng ngay cc bin php bo v an ton v ngi l quan trng nht, a ngi b
thng nu ra khi hin trng, p dng ngay cc bin php cp cu hiu qu nht;
- Dng mi bin php, dng c c th, ti ch c lp, khng cho s c lan trn sang
cc khu vc hoc my mc, thit b khc;
- n nh t chc, kim sot ngi c phn cng thc hin nhim v theo cc tnh
hung;
- Phi hp vi cc b phn khc x l s c;
- Quyt nh cc bin php ph hp, kh thi khc phc;
2. V d:
Trnh by ng x ca my trng khi c s c mt in-blackout khi tu ang hnh
trnh
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Cu 101: Trnh by Th tc kim tra ca chnh quyn cng (PSC). Khi cn b chnh
quyn cng (PSCO) pht hin cc li khim khuyt, Thuyn trng v
My trng cn phi lm g?
Yu cu:
155/158
- Nm c th tc kim tra ca chnh quyn cng.

- Hiu r v quy trnh x l, bo co, phn tch v khc phc s khng ph hp, tai nn
v tnh hung nguy him c quy nh v hng dn trong s tay qun l an ton trn
tu
Hng dn tr li:
1. Th tc kim tra ca chnh quyn cng:
Th tc ln tu:
Thanh tra vin PSC ln tu khng cn thng bo trc v ch yu kim tra tnh
hon chnh v hiu lc ca cc ti liu trn tu.
Nu c bng chng tin rng tu khng tha mn cc cng c, thanh tra vin s
tin hnh kim tra m rng v tnh trng tu v cc thit b yu cu. Thuyn
trng s nhn c mt bin bn kim tra chnh thc bao gm Mu A v B. Mu
A lit k cc c im ca tu v hiu lc ca cc giy chng nhn lin quan. Mu
B lit k cc khim khuyt (nu c), cng vi m phn bit nu thi hn khc phc
mi khim khuyt.
Nu c bng chng r rng v vic tu to ra nguy c e da an ton v/hoc mi
trng, PSCO c quyn gi tu trong cng cho ti khi cc khim khuyt c
khc phc v kim tra li. Chnh quyn cng c th c thanh tra vin ca h thc
hin vic kim tra li hoc yu cu thuyn trng phi trnh bin bn xc nhn
vic khc phc ca t chc phn cp tu.
Trong trng hp lu gi tu, Chnh quyn cng c quyn yu cu tr tin cho cc
hot ng kim tra ca h. Bt k vic lu gi tu no u phi c thng bo
cng sm cng tt cho Chnh quyn tu treo c, t chc phn cp v IMO. D liu
v kim tra v thi hn khc phc c a vo h thng my tnh cho tt c cc
thnh vin ca tha thun PSC s dng.
- M phn bit hnh ng khc phc
Thi hn khc phc khim khuyt thng c a ra dng m trong bin bn kim
tra, gi l m phn bit hnh ng khc phc.
Cc m sau y thng c s dng:
30 : C s cho vic gi tu
17 : Thuyn trng c yu cu khc phc khim khuyt trc khi ri cng
16 : Phi khc phc trong vng 14 ngy.
15 : Phi khc phc ti cng k tip.
10 : Khim khuyt c khc phc.
40 : Thng bo cho cng k tip.
50 : Thng bo cho chnh quyn tu treo c/lnh s.
70 : Thng bo cho t chc phn cp.
2. Khi cn b chnh quyn cng (PSCO) pht hin cc li khim khuyt, Thuyn
trng v My trng cn phi phi hp vi Cn b k thut v DP khn trng t
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chc khc phc cc li vi phm m chnh quyn cng ch ra trong thi gian
qui nh bo m an ton cho thuyn vin, tu, hng ha v mi trng. Gim
thiu cc tn tht cho ch tu do tu b lu gi. Thc hin cc cng vic v x l,
bo co, phn tch v khc phc s khng ph hp, tai nn v tnh hung nguy
him c quy nh v hng dn trong s tay qun l an ton trn tu.
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Cu 102: Nu cc chc nng ca ng kim. Khi cn b ng kim tin hnh nh
gi cp giy chng nhn H thng Qun l an ton (theo ISM code) v H
thng An ninh tu bin (theo ISPS code), My trng cn chun b nhng
g?
Yu cu:
Nm c chc nng ca ng kim
Nm r cc th tc kim tra ca ng kim khi tin hnh nh gi cp giy chng
nhn H thng Qun l an ton (theo ISM code) v H thng An ninh tu bin (theo
ISPS code).
Hng dn tr li:
1. Chc nng ca ng kim:
C quan ng kim l c quan c y quyn ca Chnh chnh quyn hnh chnh ca

quc gia m tu treo c giao cho chc nng t chc thc hin cng tc kim tra, gim st
cht lng, an ton k thut v bo v mi trng i vi tu bin bao gm:
Thm nh thit k tu bin;

Kim tra/chng nhn vt liu, trang thit b lp t trn tu;
Kim tra, gim st trong qu trnh ng mi;
Kim tra duy tr cp tu trong qu trnh khai thc;
Phn cp tu v xut bn S ng k k thut tu bin;
Kim tra, chng nhn theo lut/cng c quc t;
nh gi, chng nhn H thng qun l an ton (ISM Code);
nh gi, chng nhn H thng An ninh tu bin (ISPS Code);
nh gi, cng nhn nng lc cc c s sn xut, c s ch to v c s cung cp
dch v;
2. Khi cn b ng kim tin hnh nh gi cp giy chng nhn H thng Qun l an
ton (theo ISM code) v H thng An ninh tu bin (theo ISPS code), My trng cn
phi hp vi cc b phn khc phi chun b:
R sot, khc phc tt c cc khim khuyt c xc nh trong nh gi ni b
trc .
157/158
Hp thuyn vin b phn my, thng bo k hoch kim tra ca ng kim, phn
cng giao nhim v cho thuyn vin thc hin cc cng vic chun b.
Kim tra tnh trng k thut ton b cc trang thit b my mc trn tu, k c cc
thit b trn boong, kho, ca, vt t ph tng, v sinh bung my, qun l rc, cc
du hiu, cnh bo. Th, kim tra cc thit b an ton, s c, bo ng, bo v an
ton my mc, x l khc phc ngay cc khim khuyt nu c.
Nm chc ton b cc quy nh trong S tay qun l an ton m cng ty qun l tu
quy nh.
Chun b ton b cc h s ti liu, vn bn giy t, nht k theo quy nh ca h
thng qun l an ton i vi cc trang thit b my mc trn tu.
Phn cng nhim v cho thuyn vin b phn my phc v v h tr cn b thc
hin vic kim tra.
R sot kim tra cc bin php nhm m bo an ninh, h thng kha bo v bung
my, bung .
Thuyn vin phi c kin thc tt v an ninh tu bin v bn cng.
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Bộ Câu Hỏi Và Đáp Áp Thi Máy Trưởng Tàu Hạng Nhất

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Hng dn thi My trng >3000KW

Cu 1: B lut ISM Code c a ra nhm mc ch g? Hy nu nhng ni dung

Ni dung c bn ca b lut ISM CODE:

Cu 2: H thng qun l an ton trn tu (SMS) c xy dng trn c s no? C

Thc hin cc quy trnh hot ng then cht ca tu

Sn sng i ph tnh hung khn cp

Cu 4: Cu trc c bn ca S tay qun l an ton - Safety Management Manual -

Cu 5: S lnh ca my trng (Chief Engineers Order Book, Chief Engineers

Cu 6: Vn bn no quy nh v Chc trch, nhim v ca mi thuyn vin trn tu

cc h s ti liu thuc b phn my v in; s lng v kh nng nghip v chuyn

Thuyn trng T an ton & sc kho

Ch c vo li khi thc hic cc bc kim tra trn, bo m an ton.

Cu 10: Ni dung c bn ca bin bn bn giao v nhn chc danh my trng trn

12-H v tn v k xc nhn ca my trng bn giao v nhn bn giao,

thuyn vin ng gp kin tm ra nhng khim khuyt nu c khc phc, yu cu

Chng 3: Phng tin cu sinh v b tr cu sinh

- Yu cu kt cu i vi tu hng ri c chiu di trn 150m .

chng ch v trc ca (STCW) cng vi b lut lin quan. Cc b sung sa i ca STCW

Cu 14: Cng c MARPOL 73/78 c a ra nhm mc ch g? Hy nu khi

1. MARPOL (Marine Pollution) l Cng c quc t v ngn nga nhim do tu gy ra, c

- Cc cp an ninh khc nhau, Nhng hnh ng B lut khng cp

Cu 16: Cng c MLC 2006 c a ra nhm mc ch g? Hy nu khi qut

1. Cng c Lao ng hng hi, 2006 (Maritime Labor Convention) c gi tt l

2. Cng c a ra cc yu cu ti thiu v iu kin tuyn dng thuyn vin, s gi lm

+ Trnh ngoi ng, tin hc.

- Cho mt v d minh ha v b tr ca trc trong iu kin thng thng v trong mt

- Chi nht k, s liu k thut cng tc y , nh k kim tra, ly mu ha nghim cht

Mc ch c bn ca th tu ng di kim tra, nh gi s lm vic thc t ca ton

8- Kim tra, hiu chnh lch la bn t

Cu 24: Th ti cc t hp diesel lai my pht in nhm mc ch g? Trnh by

- Khi ng bm my li ti v tr trong bung my li;

- Kim tra bm cn gia l chn vt vi cn trc chn vt; r cn trc v l cn chn

Th cc chc nng bo ng, bo v ca thit b.

cu nht nh v kt cu v trang thit b ca h thng thi nc c ln du, trn tu phi

- Hiu r cu to, nguyn l hot ng v cc yu cu k thut ca cc thit b gy

cu k thut, vn hnh ng quy trnh cc thit b gy nhim khng kh, c ch to ra

Cu 34: Trnh by cc qui nh v ngn nga nhim do nc thi t tu. gim

+ Ch khi s dng ha cht x l trn du.

Tch gi li du v x nc khng ln du ra ngoi mn <15ppm)

Sau khi np y nc bin, x kh bu phn ly, m van ht nc la canh t kt

Foot Bilge Oil collecting

Hnh 37.1 S h thng bm la canh v phn ly du nc la canh

Chc nng ca h thng t ng iu khin my t rc-du cn:

Cu 39: C bao nhiu loi cm bin bo chy, thng t u? nh k, kim tra

Cu 40: Trn tu thy thng c trang b nhng thit b, h thng cu ha no?

- H thng dng nc: cc vi rng

- Cc van ng nhanh c trang b theo quy nh ca cng c quc t SOLAS nhm

+ Khi tu vo vng nc nng cn ch theo di ti my chnh, sn sng gim my khi

Cu 48. Hy nu quy trnh tho, bo dng mt n v xi lanh my chnh 4 k.

Bulong bin: kim tra vt nt, dn di (p sut xit), lc tho lp bulong bc

Cu 50. Hy nu quy trnh tho, bo dng mt diesel lai my pht in chnh.

C bin: Kch thc c bin- b mt, mi mn, cn, van

Cu 53: Hy nu quy trnh kim tra nh k ni hi.

Tt c cc cng vic trn c thc hin di s gim st ca cc ng kim vin.

a. Quy trnh tho, kim tra chn vt

c. Kim tra bc trc chn vt

Cu 56: Khi o p sut chy v p sut nn ca ng c bng INDICATOR cn ch

- Lng nhin liu ln hn cc xi lanh khc, thng km theo nhit kh x cao hn

Hiu r kt cu, hng dn ca hng ch to. nh gi c trng thi k thut hin

Thng xuyn theo di lng du, mu du, nhit du kt du trng lc. Nu bt

Cu 58: Khi vn hnh my chnh lai chn vt bin bc v h thng iu khin bc

Tn s my pht phi n nh v t gi tr nh mc thng qua tc quay my

Cu 60: Khi vn hnh ng c chnh c h truyn ng o chiu quay chn vt qua

p sut du bi trn, du cng tc, du iu khin sut du phi c duy tr gi tr