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TECHNICAL BULLETIN
The L and LBC series are ASME certified and are available The AX Series is ASME certified and comes in two styles,
in total tank volumes from 10 to 3,963 gallons. They have vertical and horizontal. Installation can be suspended or free-
integral floor stands and are easily installed. standing configurations. Available in total tank volumes from
8 to 211 gallons.
Maximum Working Pressures: Up to 300 PSIG
Maximum Operating Temperature: 240F Maximum Working Pressure: Up to 300 PSIG
Maximum Operating Temperature: 240F
Temperature and Pressure Effects in
Hydronic Heating and Cooling Systems
SPECIFIC VOLUME
in a heating system. 1.04
1.03
Minimum Maximum
System Type
System Temp. System Temp. 1.02
Average
Heating Ambient
Design Temp. 1.01
Average 1.00
Chilled Water Ambient 39.2 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Design Temp. TEMPERATURE
i) S
tatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a column of
water. To calculate, estimate height of system in feet above
the EXTROL and multiply by 0.433 to give PSIG.
ii) Pressure to prevent boiling water boils at 212F in normal
atmospheric pressure, but as the pressure increases, the
boiling point also rises. Therefore, if a system is to operate
over 212F without boiling, the pressure must be increased
over the static level. The increase necessary for various
temperatures is shown in Table 1.
Maximum Pressure at EXTROL Figure 2 - Analyzing the Critical Points In System
The upper pressure limit at which the tank will operate is 5 PSIG - Adequate Positive Pressure
Pump Effect
The pressure developed by the system pump is determined by Figure 3 - System and Pump Characteristics
the pipe network to which it is connected. Every system has a
unique operating characteristic band, often simplified to a curve 30
on a graph (See Figure 3). The point where system and pump
PUMP CURVE
characteristics intercept defines the point of pump operation.
PRESSURE - FT H2O
25
The pressure developed by the system pump is dissipated
in overcoming friction as fluid flows through the system. The 20 SYSTEM
amount of this pressure change at any given component varies, OPERATING
ENVELOPE
depending on its proximity to the point of tank connection. 15
DESIGN
OPERATING
If the EXTROL tank is downstream and the pump is upstream 10 POINT
of the component, the pressure will increase when the pump SYSTEM CURVE
operates. If the reverse is true, pressure will decrease when the 5
pump is running. This is because the hydro-pneumatic tank is
the only component that is unaffected by pump operation. The 0
only time pressure at the tank varies is when system temperature 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
changes and expanded water flows to or from the EXTROL, thus SPECIFIC FLOW - G.P.M.
changing the volume of the captive air cushion.
2. L
& LBC Series Expansion Tank (replaceable bladder-type pre- Pressure Gauge
To Boiler
I
pressuriezed): The pressurization system shall include an EXTROL
Strainer
replaceable bladder-type expansion tank which will accommodate Reduced Pressure Zone
the expanded water of the system generated within the normal Lock Shield Type Back
Gate Valve Flow Preventer
operating temperature range, limiting this pressure increase at those
components in the system to the maximum allowable pressure at Pressure Reducing Valve
those components. It shall maintain minimum operating pressure
Meter
necessary to eliminate all air. The only air in the system shall be the EXTROL
Diaphram/
permanent sealed-in air cushion contained in the replaceable bladder- Bladder Type
Prepressurized
type tank, Model No. ____. Dimensions shall be as indicated on the Expansion Tank