BUILDING SERVICES II

CASE STUDY
DAMEN MALL,
SUBANG JAYA
MECHANICAL AIR
CONDITIONING FIRE PROTECTION
SYSTEM SYSTEM

VERTICAL ELECTRICAL
TRANSPORTATION GENERATION &
SYSTEM SUPPLY SYSTEM
MECHANICAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
MECHANICAL VENTILATION

System that aids in the process of converting the air in an enclosed place
into a fresh and clean air
Dirty indoor air will be withdrawn and fresh air would be supplied into the
building through an external source
Several types of mechanical devices (fans and air conditioner)
MECHANICAL FAN

CEILING FAN (PROPELLER FAN)

Used in one of the restaurant in Da Men mall at its

open- air area

Helps to circulate the air within the space.

Generally seen as a ventilation system (the most visible

ventilation system in a building)

Does not supply real ventilation

Only circulates the air within the space

Purpose: Lowering the perceived temperature through

evaporation of sweat on the skin of the occupants.
MECHANICAL FAN

FLOOR BLOWER (CENTRIFUGAL FAN)

Circulates the air throughout the toilet

Aids in the drying process
Important to dry the toilet immediately
Prevent the growth of mold and bacteria
Helps to get rid of unpleasant smell in the
toilet
MECHANICAL FAN

HAND DRYER
Hand washing is an important part of hygiene
An effective way of drying hands.
Classified as a green technology devices
Popular with industries for their apparent
economic benefits
Requires little maintenance as compared to
paper towel which has to be replaced
Reduce cost of paper towel
Better for environment
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Outdoor Unit

PACKAGED SYSTEM:

At lower ground levels

Air-cooled package

Cooling Load: 24,000- 36,000 Btu/h Indoor Unit

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PACKAGED SYSTEM

Easy
access for
technician

Can
readily Saves
ADVANTAGES
heat and space
cool large

Individual
control
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PACKAGED SYSTEM

DISADVANTAGES

- Prone to
damages

(Outdoor Unit
Withstand harsher
condition, exposure
leads to rust and
corrosion.)
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

CENTRALIZED SYSTEM:

- In ground and upper floor levels

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

MULTI
DIRECTION

NOZZLE CONE

SWIRL

LINEAR
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

PLANT ROOM SIDE WALL INLET

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM CENTRALIZED SYSTEM

Consistent
temperature

ADVANTAGES

Filtered air
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM CENTRALIZED SYSTEM

Higher
electricity
bills

DISADVANTAGES

Duct
Maintenance
VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
DEFINITION :

A refrigeration system is a
system that operates by
undergoing refrigeration
process

Can indicate the change of

thermodynamics properties of
the refrigerant and the energy
transfer between the refrigerant
and the surroundings.
 VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

1. EVAPORATION :

At this stage, the refrigerant is at a

lower temperature than its
surroundings hence it evaporates
and absorbs its latent heat of
vaporisation.

Heat extraction from the refrigerant

occurs at low pressure and
temperature.

The low pressure is maintained by

the compressor suction effect.
VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

2. COMPRESSION :

The gaseous refrigerant enters

the compressor at low pressure
and temperature.

Here, the refrigerant is

compressed to a higher pressure
and temperature.

The compressor can be of scroll,

screw, centrifugal or
reciprocating types.
VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

3. CONDENSATION :

The condenser is usually a heat

exchanger.

The gaseous refrigerant is

condensed into liquid form
through de-superheating, then
condensed, and finally sub-
cooled, transferring its latent heat
of condensation to a coolant.

As the refrigerant flows through

the condenser, it is in a constant
pressure.
VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

4. THROTTLING & EXPANSION :

The higher-pressure liquid

refrigerant expands and releases
pressure to the lower evaporating
pressure and is ready for
evaporation when it enters the
throttle valve.

Hence, the temperature drops at

this stage. Usually the refrigerant
leaves the throttle valve as a liquid
vapour mixture.
HVAC ZONING SYSTEM

Building divided into different

zones to allow different usage and
functions of a big space.

The management at Da Men Mall

zoned the building according to the
types of business such as :

Anchor | General Retail | Food &

Beverages | Beauty & Fashion
HVAC ZONING SYSTEM

| Food & Beverage |

Mostly located at LG & G.

Why?

Because F&B zone requires better

ventilation so that the smell of the
food wont circulate around the
entire building and causes the
customers to feel uncomfortable.
DUCTWORK SYSTEM
4th Floor
Ductwork serves to channel conditioned
air to vents, takes return air back into the 3rd Floor
system and transports exhaust air and
waste thermal energy to the exterior of a
2nd Floor
building.

1st Floor

There are 2 types of Ductwork Systems at G

Da Men Mall :
LG
1. Concealed Ductwork System

2. Exposed Ductwork System B1

B2
DUCTWORK SYSTEM
4th Floor
1. CONCEALED DUCTWORK SYSTEM

Concealed with suspended ceiling for 3rd Floor

aesthetic purposes.
2nd Floor

1st Floor

LG

B1

B2
DUCTWORK SYSTEM

2. Exposed Ductwork System

Can be wrapped with external

wrapping called asbestos paper
wrap for thermal & sound insulation
purposes.

LG

B1

B2
DUCTWORK SYSTEM
4th Floor
2. EXPOSED DUCTWORK SYSTEM

Ductwork systems at basement carpark 3rd Floor

(B1 & B2) are not wrapped with insulation
as thermal & sound insulation is not a 2nd Floor
concern.
1st Floor

LG

B1

B2
 FIRE
PROTECTION
SYSTEM
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

A set of systems which required an

amount of action or motion to work
efficiently and effectively in the event of
a fire.

The actions may be manually handled

or automatic
FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM

This system samples air throughout the

protected space by aspiration and
brings it to the detector for testing.

The advantage of the system is that

air throughout the space is sampled,
thus, in effect, converting each
sampling opening into a highly
sensitive laser-beam detector.

AIR SAMPLING SYSTEM

MANUAL STATIONS

Manual fire switch is placed along

paths of escape. They can be found in
exits doors and basement parking at
the building.

The advantage of manual fire switch is

that they provide occupants with a
readily identifiable means to activate
the building fire alarm system.

MANUAL FIRE ALARM ACTIVATION

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

An alarm gong mounted on the outside of

the building warns of water flow through
the alarm valve upon activation of a
sprinkler head.

This warning gives the building personnel an

opportunity to make additional fire-fighting
arrangements that can minimize loss and
speed the termination of the fire.

Alarm Gong
FIRE INTERCOM SYSTEM

Fire intercom system provides

reliable communication
between the Master Console
(Fire Command Centre) and the
remote Handset stations.

The system consists of a remote

handset station and Master
control panel which is installed
at the Fire Control Room.

FIRE INTERCOM
FIRE CONTROL PANEL

A component which offers to control through

a fire alarm or notification system.

The panel receives notifications for potential

operational issues with equipment that could
cause a fire and serve a function to alert the
employees inside the building if a potential fire
was detected or predicted.

In Da Men Mall, each fire control panel is

connected with a manual fire key switch and
an alarm ring bell.

FIRE CONTROL PANEL

FIREMAN SWITCH

Fireman switch is a specialized switch

disconnector or isolator.

FIREMAN SWITCH
EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

Da Men shopping mall consists of 2 ways fire

hydrants which each located beside a fire
hose box.

All fire hydrants are situated at 9.45m from

building and spaced 29.3m apart along
access road.

EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Recycling pre-action system is

designed as a damage-limiting
installation.

After sprinklers, have subdued a fire, a

heat detector responds to a lower
temperature and disengages the
water supply after a five-minute delay.
If the fire restarts and temperature
rises, the detector re-engages a
motorised valve on the water supply.
RECYCLING PRE-ACTION SYSTEM
 HAND OPERATED FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER CLASS A:B:C CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Multipurpose dry chemical extinguishers filled Carbon dioxide extinguisher contain carbon dioxide
primarily with ammonium phosphate and in liquid form. It can prevent fire from reoccurring
suitable for use with all three classes of fire. effectively because of the lack of oxygen
HOSE REEL SYSTEM
Hose reel is a first aid to firefighting, intended
for use by the building occupants.

Each hose reel delivers considerable more

water than several portable extinguishers,
and with continued replenishment can be an
important fire resource capable of saving
lives and the building.

Da Men Mall has installed the SRI Fire Hose

Reel system with nozzle box and they are
located along the fire escape path and
escape routes for easy access.
HOSE REEL SYSTEM
LOCATION OF HOSE REEL, FIRE EXTINGUISHER A:B:C AND
CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHER
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Systems that
compartmentalize a building
with fire-resistance rated walls
and floors, keeping the fire
from spreading quickly and
providing time to escape for
occupants in the building.
FIRE RATED DOOR
Used for emergency exits or staircase are
door which has thicker protection than
normal door

Prevent fire from spreading

Slow down the fire by restricting the flow of

oxygen and prevent the fire from spreading

Can improve the flow of evacuation of users

and the safety of the fire fighters.
MEANS OF ESCAPE

Fire Emergency Staircase

Emergency Exit Sign

Emergency Escape Route

Assembly Point
FIRE RATED DOOR
Single and double leaf fire rated doors
Found in walls of corridors and room partitions
Openable from the inside without any keys
Door must be swing at the exit direction of the room, exit with ease, smoother and
safe escapes
MEANS OF ESCAPE

FIRE EMERGENCY STAIRCASE

Emergency staircases to accommodate the

size of the mall and the number of users In case
of an event of a fire outbreak

Each of the treads are more than 255mm and

each of the risers are less than 180mm

There are 10 risers for each of the flight, more

than 16 risers per flight is not encouraged
PLACEMENT OF FIRE EMERGENCY STAIRCASE
EMERGENCY EXIT SIGNS

Use the shortest escape route if an event of

fire or any emergency

Easily alerts users to escape out of the

building which will lead them to safety, that is
the assembly point

The KELUAR signage is required to be lit

permanently and must be visible to users at
all times
EMERGENCY ESCAPE
ROUTES
Direct users an easy route out of
the building to a safe outdoor
assembly point if a fire outbreak
occurs

Allow users to escape through the

fastest and safest route in the
building

In Damen Mall, the emergency

escape routes plans are placed
beside the elevators
EMERGENCY EXIT SIGN PLACED ALONG THE
EMERGENCY ESCAPE ROUTES
ASSEMBLY POINT

Designated as the place for people to gather

in the event of an emergency
Escape routes must be able to lead
occupants from the building to a safe open
assembly point
In Damen Mall, the assembly point is located
outside the building at the ground floor near
the main entrance
VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
VERTICAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM
ELEVATOR

Type of vertical transportation

that moves people or goods
between floors, levels and
decks of a building, vessel, or
other structure.

Can be classified into

Hydraulic or Electric

Elevators are generally

powered by electric motors
DIRECTORY OF DA MEN MALL

Number of Lifts : 2

Number of escalator: 3

Number of travelator: 1
ELEVATOR

PASSENGER LIFT CARGO LIFT

THYSSENKRUPP ELEVATOR

Established in 1999

One of the world's leading

elevator companies.

ThyssenKrupp develops the

worlds first rope-free
elevator system to enable
the building industry face
the challenges of global
urbanization
ELECTRIC LIFT - GEARED TRACTION LIFT

COMPONENTS

1. Geared Machine

2. Governor

3. Hoisting Rope

4. Counterweight

5. Buffer
LANDING - LANDING DOOR

Prevents objects
from entering the
path of the lift
while it is travelling.
It is made from
steel with either
applied skin finish.

Use conventional
single speed
centre opening.
LANDING - LANDING FIXTURE

The location of the elevator

is not too obvious solely
because Da Men Malls
main mechanical
transportation is the
escalator & travelator.

It consists the basic

informations about each
floors details as well as
number of floors in the mall.
A well detailed floor plan for
each level is also displayed
at the top of the call button.
INTERIOR OF ELEVATOR

Touch button of the lift

LED display screen with

general specifications of
the lift

Touch button for the

disable
ESCALATOR

Vertical transport system, moving

staircase.

Found in departmental stores,

airports, transit system and so on.

Used to transport huge amount of

people
COMPONENTS OF AN ESCALATOR

1. Electric Control
2. Drive
3. Main Shaft
4. Handrail Drive
5. Balustrade
6. Main Truss
7. Steps
8. Steps Chains
9. Handrail Compensation
10. Chain Tensioning Drive
11. Comb Plates
12. Handrail Return
ESCALATORS BASIC COMPONENTS

1. TOP & BOTTOM LANDING PLATFORMS

Top platform contains motor

assembly & main drive gear

Bottom platform holds the step return

idler sprockets
ESCALATORS BASIC COMPONENTS

2. TRUSS

Hollow metal structure that

bridges the lower and upper
landings

Two sides of sections joined

together with cross braces

Attached to the top & bottom

landing platforms via steel or
concrete supports
ESCALATORS BASIC COMPONENTS

3. TRACKS

Built into the truss to

guide the step chain

2 tracks (step-wheel
track & trailer-wheel
track)

Makes an endless loop

ESCALATORS BASIC COMPONENTS
4. Steps

Solid, one-piece, die-cast

aluminium

Cleated with comb-like

protrusions that mesh with the
comb plates on the top and
bottom platforms.

Linked by a continuous metal

chain

Tracks control the orientation of

the steps.
ESCALATORS BASIC COMPONENTS

5. RAILING

Convenient handhold for

passengers

Consists of 4 sections (slider,

tension, inner layer & outer
layer)

Constructed by feeding
rubber through a computer
controlled extrusion machine
ARRANGEMENT OF ESCALATOR

TWO WAY TRAFFIC (PARALLEL)

Used in department stores (Da Men)

Requires more space compared to

others

Suitable for buildings with heavy flow

ESCALATOR
Can
transport
large
amount
of people

Can be No
reversible
if heavy
ADVANTAGES waiting
traffic intervals

Save
human
energy
ESCALATOR
When
theres too
many
people,
waiting is still
possible

DISADVANTAGES

Not Possible of
convenient
for
injuries
handicapped when not
people careful
ELECTRICAL GENERATION
&
SUPPLY SYSTEM
ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM

How is electricity supplied to Damen?

TNB SUBSTATION

Receives electrical power

generated from power
plant through the
distribution grid

Convert, transform and

control

Transferred to the high

voltage room for further
distribution.
HIGH VOLTAGE ROOM

TRANSFORMER

BUS BAR

HIGH TENSION SWITCHGEAR

HIGH VOLTAGE ROOM

TRANSFORMER

Distribution transformers - for lower

voltage distribution networks

More than one transformers are

used is an equipment used

Step down the voltage from 11kV

to 480V
HIGH VOLTAGE ROOM

BUS BARS

Metallic strip or bar with 1 inch wide

As a conductor to supply and

distribute electric power
HIGH VOLTAGE ROOM

HIGH TENSION SWITCHGEAR

To show the incoming voltage

from TNB substation

To ensure the incoming voltage is

stable

Provide protection against

overload current and short circuit
MAIN SWITCHBOARD ROOM

MAIN SWITCHBOARD

A switchboard directly
supplied by the main
source of electrical power
and intended to distribute
electrical energy to the
units services

Made up of several electric

panels
SERVICE ENTRANCE

A point where electricity enter a

building

Metering equipment and

devices for overcurrent
protection and electrical control
DISTRIBUTION PANELS

Aka consumer unit

A smaller panel board compared to main switchboard
Protected by circuit breaker
ELECTRICAL CONDUITS & TRUNKING
Function to run electrical wiring in exposed locations and protect it from physical damage

Provides continuous support to the cables

Material - rigid metal

ELECTRICAL RISER ROOM

Located at every floor

Stacked up straight up from lowest floor to
highest floor
To house the vertical cable ducts that
carry electricity supplies to the upper floors
of the buildings and to the plants and
machines at the rooftop
To house the electrical panels that serve
the final circuit wiring at each floor
GEN-SET ROOM

Located just beside the main

switchboard room
Consist of generator-sets -
automatically run as backup source to
provide emergency power to the mall
when the utility supply has failed
Diesel generator - convert mechanical
energy into electrical energy
LOCATION OF ELECTRICAL ROOMS
ELECTRICAL GENERATION & SUPPLY SYSTEM OF
DAMEN MALL
PROBLEMS & RECOMMENDATIONS
HVAC SYSTEM
PROBLEM 1:

Traditional ducted way for ventilation is

used at basement car park of Da Men
Mall.

Air is removed through the ducts and if

the air supply is uncontrolled it causes
a poor air ventilation to occur.

Ventilation system is still running during

extended period of low traffic which
results in high running costs.

Ducted system does not provide fire or

smoke isolation capability.
HVAC SYSTEM
RECOMMENDATION:
Replace the distribution ducting with a number of small ceiling-mounted impulse fans, Jet
Thrust fan.

Helps to control the distribution of the air.

Used to generate a flow of air at both high and
low levels
Shares the same concept as the traditional
ducted systems which removes the air through
the fan inlet and discharging the air at a high
level towards the exhaust locations
Controlled by a carbon monoxide sensor.
Operated only when the pollution threshold is
met.
HVAC SYSTEM
RECOMMENDATION:
Replace the distribution ducting with a number of small ceiling-mounted impulse fans, Jet
Thrust fan.

Advantages:
provide more parking space
lowers the overall construction
costs
enhances the environment of
the car park
decreases the external noise
levels
HVAC SYSTEM

PROBLEM 2: Cleanliness of ducting system in centralized air conditioning system in Da Men Mall.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

Efficient air distribution will require frequent duct maintenance

Responsibility of Da Men management team

Professionally clean the ducting system at least twice a year.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
PROBLEM:
Insufficient amount of fire extinguisher

In Da Men Mall, only fire host are present in the mall not portable fire extinguishers
which is more important when small fire are present they need not use a fire host
instead.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
RECOMMEDATION:

Provide more fire extinguishers at proper

location
Essential equipment that must be installed in
every building for safety purposes incase of fire
Most of the fire extinguishers in the fire service
room
Located in place not be obstructed or
obscured from view
Indicate signs of portable fire extinguishers are
located
Fire extinguisher installed on the hangers or in
the brackets supplied, mounted in cabinets, or
set on shelves
CONCLUSION
 ADELE LU KHAI SYN 0323151

EE HUI TENG 0322548

LEONG LI JING 0323628

LIM HONG WEI 0322741

LOH MUN TONG 0323680

SOO YON LI 0322821

THANK YOU
TAM ZHAO WEI 0322587

VIVIAN CHIN KHA YEE 0331228

YEAP PHAY SHIAN 0322243

YEE JYH LIN 0322408