()

1-1
(1) A
d10 0.083mm d30 0.317 mm d 60 0.928mm
d 60 0.928 (d )2 0.317 2
Cu 11.18 Cc 30 1.61
d10 0.083 d10 d 60 0.083 0.928
(1) B
d10 0.0015mm d30 0.003mm d 60 0.0066mm
d 60 0.0066 (d30 ) 2 0.0032
Cu 4.4 Cc 0.91
d10 0.0015 d10 d 60 0.0015 0.0066
1-2
m =15.3g m S =10.6g G S =2.70
S =1 r

m m m
w S
15.3-10.6=4.7g
(1)

mw =
4.7
=0.443=44.3%
m S
10.6
(2)
G S 0.443 2.7
e 1.20
S r
1.0
(3)
e 1.2
0.545 54.5%
1 e 1 1.2
(4)
G e 2.7 1.2
sat S w 1.77 g / cm3
1 e 1 1.2
sat sat g 1.77 10 17.7kN / m3
(5)
' sat w 1.77 1.0 0.77 g / cm3
' ' g 0.77 10 7.7kN / m3
(6)
G 2.7 1.0
d S w 1.23g / cm3
1 e 1 1.2
 d d g 1.23 10 12.3kN / m3
1-3
1.60
d 1.51g / cm3
1 1 0.06
G 2.70 1.0
e s 1 s w 1 1 0.79
d d 1.51
e 0.79
sat 29.3%
Gs 2.70
m V 1.60 100
ms 150.9 g
1 1 1 0.06
mw ms (29.3% 6%) 150.9 35.2 g
1-4

mw m m m
m S
w S

mm s

m S

m 1000
ms 940 g
1 1 0.06
0.16
mw ms 0.16 940 150 g
1-5
1.77
(1) d 1.61g / cm3
1 w 1 0.098
G 2.7 1.0
e0 s 1 s w 1 1 0.68
d d 1.61
e 0.68
(2) sat 0 25.2%
Gs 2.7
e e 0.94 0.68
(3) Dr max 0 0.54
emax emin 0.94 0.46
1/ 3 Dr 2 / 3

1-6
G GS
1. d S e
1 e Sr
0.15 2.75 0.06 2.68
eA 0.825 eB 0.536
0.5 0.3
2.75 2.68
dA 1.50 g / cm3 dB 1.74 g / cm3
1 0.825 1 0.536
d (1 )
A dA (1 A ) 1.50 (1 0.15) 1.74 g / cm3
B dB (1 B ) 1.74 (1 0.06) 1.84 g / cm3
 A B

2.75 2.68
2. dA 1.50 g / cm3 dB 1.74 g / cm3
1 0.825 1 0.536
dA dB

0.15 2.75 0.06 2.68
3. eA 0.825 eB 0.536
0.5 0.3
eA eB

1-7
m ms ms / Vs G
(1) d s s s w
V Vs VV 1 VV / Vs 1 e 1 e
n
e
1 n
Gs w 1
Gs w ( ) Gs w (1 n)
1 e n
1
1 n
(2)
ms V V V
w w s w w V
m m mw Vs Vs VV Vs Gs w w Sr e Gs Sr e
s w
V Vs VV 1 VV / Vs 1 e 1 e 1 e
(3)
ms
w
ms Vs w ms Vs w Vs w Gs w w Gs 1
' s w
V Vs VV V 1 e 1 e 1 e
1 V
Vs
1-8
(1) A
0.075 50%
A
2 50% A 0.075
27% 15%50% A
A 16.0% I p 16 13 3 17
ML A (SM)
(2) B
0.075 50% B

2 50% B 0.075
28% 15%50% B
B 24.0% I p 24 14 10 17
ML B (SC)
(3) C
 0.075 50% C

2 50% C
2% 5%
d10 d30 d 60 0.2 0.45 5.6
d 5.6
Cu 60 28
d10 0.2
(d30 ) 2 0.452
Cc 0.18
d10 d 60 0.2 5.6
Cu 5, Cc 1 ~ 3 C (GP)
1-9
(1) ms1 ms 2
d 1 V1 d 2 V2
1
V1 d 2V2
1 1
V (1 1 ) 1.65 20 (1 12%)
V1 d 2 2 21.74
1 1.7
(2) ms dV 1.65 3000 4950t
mw ms (op ) 4950 (19% 12%) 346.5 t
G 2.72 1.0
(3) e s 1 s w 1 1 0.648
d d 1.65
Gs 20.0% 95% 2.72
Sr 79.8%
e 0.648

2
[2-1]

O
2m =18.5kN/m3

A
1m =18kN/m3

B
1m sat=20kN/m3
C
sat=19kN/m3
3m
D
2m sat=19.5kN/m3
E

O cz 0kPa
A cz 1h1 18.5 2 37.0kPa

B cz 1h1 2 h2 18.5 2 18 1 55.0kPa

C cz 1h1 2 h2 3 h3 18.5 2 18 1 10 1 65.0kPa

D cz 1h1 2 h2 3 h3 4 h4 18.5 2 18 1 10 1 9 3 92.0kPa

cz 1h1 2 h2 3 h3 4 h4 5 h5 18.5 2 18 1 10 1 9 3 9.5 2

E
111.0kPa

OAB 0
E w w h 10 (1 3 2) 60kPa

kPa
0 25 50 75 100 125
0
1
2
m

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

kPa
0 25 50 75 100 125
0
1
2
m

3
4
5
6
7
8
[2-2] 1m, P=2106kN
e=0.3 A B 4m

P=2106kN, 0=17kN/m3, d=1m, e0=0.3, l=6m, b=3m, z=4m.

B

O A 3

(1)
G=dlb=20163=360 kN, 6
Fv=P+G=2106+360=2466 kN
Pe0 2106 0.3 l
e 0.26m 1.0m
Fv 2466 6

Fv 6e 2466 6 0.26
pmax lb 1 l 6 3 (1 6
) 172.6kPa


p Fv 1 6e 2466 (1 6 0.26 ) 101.4kPa
min lb l 63 6
(2)

p p d 172.6 17 1 155.6kPa
max max 0

pmin pmin 0 d 101.4 17 1 84.4kPa

(3) OB
OB A

pmax pmin 155.6 84.4
pn 120kPa
2 2

A pn pt

pn pmin 84.4kPa

pt pmax pmin 155.6 84.4 71.2kPa

O B A

l (m) 3 3 6 1.5
b (m) 1.5 3 1.5 6
z (m) 4 4 4 4
l/b 2 1 4 0.25
z/b 2.6667 1.333 2.6667 0.6667
Ks ( 2-2) 0.0860 0.1377 0.1048 0.0735( 2-3)
z 4Kspn 2Kspn 2Kspn 2Kt2pt
17.69 10.47
z (kPa) 41.28 33.05 28. 16

[2-3]
O 2m
O 2m

1 O 2m
O O
pn=(100+200)/2=150kPa
l=1mb=1m, z=2m
l/b=1.0, z/b=2.0
2-2 Ks=0.0840
O 2m
cz1 4 K s pn 4 0.0840 150 50.4kPa
2 O 2m
pn=200kPa c d
b

z 2 zobdf zobcg zoaef zoahg

a e
h

l b z l/b z/b Ks z =Kspn

O g f
 obdf 4 4 2 1 0.5 0.2315 46.3
obcg 4 2 2 2 1 0.1999 39.98
oaef 4 2 2 2 1 0.1999 39.98
oahg 2 2 2 1 1 0.1752 35.04
z 2 zobdf zobcg zoaef zoahg 1.38

(3) O 2m
z z1 z 2 50.4 1.38 51.78kPa
[2-4]
n
1 czM i hi 19 4 10 1 86kPa

i 1

n
czN i hi 19 4 10 1 8.5 3 111.5kPa
i 1

2
Fv x Fv 3.83 Fh 3.5

Fv 3.83 Fh 3.5 F 350

x 3.83 h 3.5 3.83 3.5 2.605m
Fv Fv 1000

b 6 b
e x 2.605 0.395m 1.0m
2 2 6

pmax Fv 6e 1000 6 0.395 232.5

1 1 kPa
pmin b b 6 6 100.8

pmax pmax 0 d 232.5 19 2 194.5kPa

pmin pmin 0 d 100.8 19 2 62.8kPa

pn pmin 62.8kPa pt pmax pmin 194.5 62.8 131.7 kPa

M N


 x 0 6 0 6
b 6 6 6 6
z 3 3 6 6
x/b 0 1 0 1
z/b 0.5 0.5 1 1
z
Ks ( 2-6) 0.479 -- 0.409 --
Ktz ( 2-7) -- 0.353 -- 0.250
z1 K s z pn (kPa) 30.08 -- 25.69 --

z 2 K t z pt (kPa) -- 46.49 -- 32.93

z z1 z 2 (kPa) 76. 57 58. 62

[2-5]
n
1 czM i hi 18 1 10 1.5 33kPa

i 1

n
czN i hi 18 1 10 1.5 9.6 2 52.2kPa
i 1

2
Pe0 707 0.2 l
e 0.17m 0.5m
P G 707 3 2 1 20 6

pmax P G 6e 707 3 2 1 20 6 0.17 184.7

1 1 kPa
pmin lb l 3 2 3 91.0

pmax pmax 0 d 184.7 18 1 166.7 kPa

pmin pmin 0 d 91.0 18 1 73.0kPa
2m
O

pmax pmin 166.7 73.0
pn 119.9kPa 3m
2 2

M N
l 1.5 1.5
b 1 1
z 1.5 3.5
l/b 1.5 1.5
 z/b 1.5 3.5
Ks ( 2-2) 0.1461 0.0479
cz 4 K s pn (kPa) 70.07 22.97
(3)
wM w h 10 1.5 15kPa

wN w h 10 (1.5 2.0) 35kPa

3
[3-1] A120cm H50cmL=30cmt10SQ=150cm3 k
2

Q 150
v
k At 120 10 0.075cm / s
i H 50
L 30

[3-2]n38%Gs2.65

1 1-28

d10 0.32mm ; d 60 3.55mm ; d 70 4.90mm

d 60 3.55
C u 11.1 5
d10 0.32
 d d 70 d10 4.90 0.32 1.25mm

1-28 1.25mm P26%

0.3 n 3n 2 0.3 0.38 3 0.38 2
Pop 0.570 57.0%
1 n 1 0.38
P<0.9Pop=51.3%

2 1-28
d 5 0.15mm d 20 0.80mm

d5 0.15
icr 2.2G s 11 n 2.2 2.65 1 1 0.38
2 2
0.26
d 20 0.80

[3-3] n36%Gs2.65
1 1-29
d10 0.22mm d 60 5.62mm

d 60 5.62
C u 25.55 5
d10 0.22
1-29 C

P=43%>35%
C
2 icr G s 11 n 2.65 1 1 0.36 1.056

[3-4] Gs=2.68n=38.0% h=0.8mh2=2m

sat 20kN / m 3 icr=1.04
1b

hb 2 h 1.6m

b hb 13.53m
b

hw hb hb 13.53 1.6 15.13m
b
u w hw 10 15.13 151.3kPa

u w hb 10 13.53 135.3kPa


u w hb 10 1.6 16kPa
b
w h2 sat hb h2 10 2 20 13.53 2 250.6kPa

b
u 250.6 151.3 99.3kPa
2 5,6,7,8 L 3.0m
h=0.8m
h 0.8
i 0.27 icr 1.04
L 3.0
5-6

[3-5] 17.6kN / m 3 , sat19.6kN / m 3 , sat20.6kN / m 3 ,

h1=1.5m h2=1.5m h3=3.0m

h1 1.5 3 4.5m

h2 3 1.5 1.5 3 9.0m
1

1 h1 sat h2 17.6 1.5 19.6 1.5 55.8kPa

u1 w (h1 h3 ) 10 (4.5 3) 15.0kPa

1 1 u1 55.8 15.0 40.8kPa

2 h1 sat h2 sat h3 17.6 1.5 19.6 1.5 20.6 3 117.6kPa

u 2 w h2 10 9.0 90.0kPa

2 2 u 2 117.6 90.0 27.6kPa

2 2 u 2 0kPa

u 2 2117.6kPa

u
h2 2 11.76m
w
11.76-6.0=5.76m

4
[4-1](1) l/b=18/6=3.0<10

P 10800
p 100kPa
l b 18 6

pn p 0 d 100 19.1 1.5 71.35kPa

(2) 1.5m 1
H1=1.5m Hi=3.0mi>1
(3) 1
(4) 1
1 l=9m,b=3m

Ks(
Hi cz (kPa) zi zi/b l/b z 4 K s pn (kPa)
2-2)
0 1.5 28.65 0 0 3 0.2500 71.35
1 3.0 45.15 1.5 0.50 3 0.2391 68.24
2 6.0 78.15 4.5 1.50 3 0.1640 46.81
3 9.0 111.15 7.5 2.50 3 0.1064 30.36
4 12.0 144.15 10.5 3.50 3 0.0721 20.58
(5)
1 4 z / cz 0.14 0.2

10.5m
(6) 2
(7) 4-29 p1i czi p2i czi zi e1i

e2i 2

2


p2i czi zi (kPa)
(m) e1i e2i
p1i zci zi
(kPa) (kPa)
0-1 1.5 36.90 69.80 106.70 0.928 0.800
1-2 3.0 61.65 57.53 119.18 0.871 0.785
2-3 3.0 94.65 38.59 133.24 0.814 0.761
3-4 3.0 127.65 25.47 153.12 0.771 0.729
(8)
4
e1i e2i 0.928 0.800 0.871 0.785 0.814 0.761
S Hi 150
i 1 1 e1i 1 0.928 1 0.871 1 0.814
0.771 0.729
300 9.96 (0.0460 0.0292 0.0237) 300 39.63cm
1 0.771
[4-2](1)
e=1.0<b/6=2.5

pmax P 6e 2250 6 1 210 P

1 1 kPa e
pmin b b 15 15 90

2 1
pn pmin 0 d 90 19 3 33kPa

pt pmax pmin 210 90 120kPa

(2) 9m 3m 6m
3m 3m
(3) 1 1 2
2
(4) 1 1
2 2
1 1



Kzs( z K s pn Kzt( z K t pt
z z
Hi cz (kPa ) zi zi/b
2-6) 2-7)
(kPa) (kPa) (kPa)
0 3 57.0 0 0 0.500 16.50 0.003 0.36 16.86
1 6 114.0 3 0.2 0.498 16.43 0.061 7.32 23.75
2 9 144.0 6 0.4 0.489 16.14 0.110 13.20 29.34
3 12 177.0 9 0.6 0.468 15.44 0.140 16.80 32.24

2 2



Kzs( z K s pn Kzt( z K t pt
z z
Hi cz (kPa ) zi zi/b
2-6) 2-7)
(kPa) (kPa) (kPa)
0 3 57.0 0 0 0.500 16.50 0.497 57.48 73.98
1 6 114.0 3 0.2 0.498 16.43 0.437 52.44 68.87
2 9 144.0 6 0.4 0.489 16.14 0.379 45.48 61.62
3 12 177.0 9 0.6 0.468 15.44 0.328 39.36 54.80
4 15 210.0 12 0.8 0.440 14.52 0.285 34.20 48.72
5 18 243.0 15 1.0 0.409 13.50 0.250 30.00 43.50
(5)
 z 32.24
1 1 3 0.182 0.2
cz 177

9.0m
z 43.50
2 2 5 0.179 0.2
cz 243.0
15.0m
(6) 1
3 2 4
(7) 4-29 p1i czi p2i czi zi e1i

e2i 1 3 2
4
3 1


p2i czi zi (kPa)
(m) e1i e2i
p1i zci zi
(kPa) (kPa)
0-1 3.0 85.5 20.31 105.81 0.836 0.812
1-2 3.0 129.0 26.55 155.55 0.776 0.753
2-3 3.0 160.5 30.79 191.29 0.749 0.618
4 2


p2i czi zi (kPa)
(m) e1i e2i
p1i zci zi
(kPa) (kPa)
0-1 3.0 85.5 71.43 156.93 0.836 0.752
1-2 3.0 129.0 65.25 194.25 0.776 0.711
2-3 3.0 160.5 58.21 218.71 0.627 0.586
3-4 3.0 193.5 51.76 245.26 0.603 0.573
4-5 3.0 226.5 46.11 272.61 0.584 0.559
(8)
1
2
e1i e2i 0.836 0.812 0.776 0.754
S1 Hi 300
i 1 1 e1i 1 0.836 1 0.776
(0.0131 0.0124) 300 7.65cm
2
 5
e1i e2i 0.836 0.752 0.776 0.711 0.627 0.586
S2 Hi
i 1 1 e1i 1 0.836 1 0.776 1 0.627
0.603 0.573 0.584 0.559
300
1 0.603 1 0.584
(0.0458 0.0366 0.0252 0.0187 0.0158) 300 42.63cm
(9)
8 1 2

S S 2 S1 42.63 7.65 34.98cm

v 0.0005
[4-3] S pH 150 600 25cm
1 e1 1 0.8

1 e1 1 0.8
Es 3600kPa 3.6MPa
v 0.0005

2 2 2 0 .4 2
E E s (1 ) 3.6 1 1.68MPa
1 1 0.4

v 0.00024 228 220

[4-4] (1) S pH 600 16.37cm
1 e1 1 0.97 2

(2) S t 12cm S 16.37cm

St 12
U 0.73
S 16.37

220
z 0.96
228z

U 4-26 Tv=0.48

k 1 e1 2.0 1 0.97
Cv 1.64 105 cm 2 / a
v w 4
2.4 10 0.10

12cm
Tv H 2 0.48 600 2
t 1.05a
Cv 1.64 105

[4-5] (1)
 2cm 60% 8min
=1 4-26 Tv=0.31
Tv H 2 0.31 1.0 2
Cv 2.04 10 4 cm 2 / a
t 8 60 24 365
(2) 80%
=1 4-26 80%
Tv=0.59
Tv H 2 0.59 250 2
t 1.81a
Cv 2.04 10 4

5
[5-1] c 0kPa 30 1 200kPa 3 120kPa

(1)

1 f 3 tan 2 45 2c tan 45
2 2
30
120 tan 2 45 360kPa 200kPa
2

(2) (1)
360kPa 400kPa

[5-2] c 50kPa 20 1 450kPa 3 200kPa

1 f 3 tan 2 45
2c tan 45
2 2
20 20
200 tan 2 45 2 50 tan 45
2 2
550.7kPa 450kPa

[5-3] c 0kPa 30 1 450kPa 3 150kPa u 50kPa

 1 1 u 450 50 400kPa

3 3 u 150 50 100kPa

1 f 3 tan 2 45 2c tan 45
2 2
30
100 tan 2 45 0
2
300kPa 400kPa

[5-4] (1) 5-4-1

ccu 21kPa, cu 23

400
Mohr's Circle 1
350 Mohr's Circle 2
300 Mohr's Circle 3
Shear Strength Line
/kPa

250 c=21kPa
Fi=23o
200
150
100
50
0
-100-50 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
/kPa

5-4-1
(2) 5-4-2
c 31kPa, 27
 400 Mohr's Circle 1
350 Mohr's Circle 2
Mohr's Circle 3
300
/kPa
Shear Strength Line c'=31kPa
250 Fi'=27o
200
150
100
50
0
-100-50 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
/kPa

5-4-2

[5-5] d 32 3 200kPa 1 3 q 200 180 380kPa

u f

u
1 1 f

3 3 u f

/ 2
sin
1 3
1 3
/ 2 1 3 2u f
1 3

1 3 1 3 380 200 380 200

uf 120kPa
2 2 sin 2 2 sin 32
5-5
 250
Mohr's Circle for total stress

Mohr's Circle for effective stress

200
Shear Strength Line for CD test
/kPa

150

100

50

80 260 380
0
0 100 200 300 400
/kPa

5-5

[5-7] (1) f 45
2

cu 2 f 45 2 57 45 24
(2)
1 3 2cu 150 2 60 270kPa

3 150kPa

tan

3
cu 1 , 0
2

cu
sin cu
1 3

2

cu 60
1 sin cu sin 24 60 147.5 60 207.5kPa
cu

cu c 60 60 147.5 60 87.5kPa
3 sin cu u
sin 24
5-7
 140
Mohr's Circle for total stress
120 Mohr's Circle for effective stress
Shear Strength Line for CU test
Shear Strength Line for UU test
/kPa 100

80

60

40

20
87.5 207.5 270
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
/kPa

5-7

u 3 3 62.5kPa Af

u u 62.5
Af 0.52
1 3 1 3 270 150

[5-8] c 0kPa 30 3 100kPa

(1) 1

1 3
sin 2
1 3

2

3 1 sin 100 1 sin 30

1 300kPa
1 sin 1 sin 30
(2) cu
cu cu

1 3 1 3 300 100
cu 100kPa
2 2 2

(3) cu

Af=1.0

u A f 1 3 A f 1 3 0 A f 1 3 1.0 (300 100) 200kPa

CU

u 300 200 500kPa

1 1

3 3 u 100 200 300kPa

1 3 500 300
sin cu 2 2 0.25
1 3 500 300
2 2

cu 14.5
5-8
350
Mohr's Circle for effective stress
Mohr's Circle for total stress
300
Shear Strength Line for effective stress
Shear Strength Line for UU test
250
Shear Strength Line for CU test
/kPa

200

150

100

50

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
/kPa

5-8

[5-9] (1) M
11 h1 sat h2 18.0 3.0 21.0 2.0 96.0kPa

u1 w h2 10 2.0 20.0kPa

11 11 u1 96.0 20.0 76.0kPa

M
12 11 1 96.0 150.0 246.0kPa

u 2 w h i 10 (2.0 3.0 7.0) 120.0kPa

 12 12 u 2 246.0 120.0 126.0kPa

u u 2 u1 120 20 100kPa

u u1 u 2 B 3 BA 1 3

M B=1.0
u 3 100 70
A 0.375
1 3 150 70

(2) K0=0.7 M
11 76.0kPa

31 K 0 11 0.7 76.0 53.2kPa

M
12 126.0kPa

32 31 3 u 53.2 70 100 23.2kPa

32 23.2kPa

2 30
12 f 32 tan 2 45
23.2 tan 45 69.6 Pa 12 126.0kPa

2 2
M
M 5-9
 80
Mohr's Circle for before loading

70 Mohr's Circle for after loading

Shear Strength Line for effective stress
60
/kPa

50

40

30

20

10
23.2 53.2 76 126
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
/kPa

5-9 M
6

[6-1]
K 0 1 sin 1 sin 30 0.5
A
(1) A 2m

e0 A K 0z A 0kPa B

(2) B
3m
e0 B K 0z B 0.5 16 2 16.0kPa
C
pwB w h 0kPa

(3) C
e0C K 0 z B ( zC z B ) 0.516 2 8 (5 2) 28.0kPa

pwC w h 10 3 30kPa

6-1-16-1-2
 /kPa
/kPa
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0 0

1 1

/m
/m

2 16 2

3 3

4 4

5 28 5 30

6 6

6-1-1 6-1-2

(4)
1 1
E0 e0 B z B e0 B e0C zC z B
2 2
1 1
16.0 2.0 16.0 28.0 3.0
2 2
82kN / m
E0 y0
1 1 1 1
y0 e0 B z B z B zC z B e0 B zC z B zC z B
E0 2 3 2
1
e0C e0 B zC z B 1 zC z B
2 3
1 1 1 1
16 2 2 5 2 16 5 2 5 2
82.0 2 3 2
1 1
28 16 5 2 5 2
2 3
1.23m
(5)
1 1
Pw pwC zC z B 30 5 2 45kN / m
2 2

1 1
y0 zC z B 5 3 1.0m
3 3

[6-2]
q=20kPa

K a1 tan 2 45 1 0.333 A
2
H1=3m
B
H2=3m

C

H3=4m
D

K a 2 tan 2 45 2 0.271
2
(1)
A eaA qK a1 20 0.333 6.66kPa

B eaB 1 H 1 q K a1 18.5 3 20 0.333 25.14kPa

B eaB 1 H1 q K a 2 18.5 3 20 0.271 20.46kPa

C eaC 1 H1 2 H 2 q K a 2 18.5 3 18.5 3 20 0.271 35.50kPa

C eaC eaC 35.50kPa

D

eaD 1 H1 2 H 2 2 H 3 q K a 2 18.5 3 18.5 3 8.5 4 20 0.271 44.72kPa

6-2-1
/kPa
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
0
6.66
2
20.46 25.14
/m

6 35.5

10
44.72
12

6-2-1
(2)
ABC
D pwD w H 3 10 4 40kPa

6-2-2
 /kPa
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
0

/m
4

10 40

12

6-2-2
(3)

1
Ea eaA eaB H1 1 eaB eaC H 2 1 eaC eaD H 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
6.66 25.41 3.0 20.46 35.5 3.0 35.5 44.72 4.0
2 2 2
292.08kN / m

1 1
Pw pwD H 3 40 4 80kN / m
2 2

P Ea Pw 292.08 80 372.08kN / m

(4)
P y0
 1 H1 1 H
y0 eaA H1 H 2 H 3 eaB eaA H1 1 H 2 H 3
P 2 2 3
H2 1 H2
eaB H 2 2 H 3 2 eaC eaB H 2 3 H 3

H3 1 H3 1 H3
eaC H 3 2 2 eaD eaC H 3 3 2 pwD H 3 3

1 3 1 3
6.66 3 3 4 25.41 6.66 3 3 4
372.08 2 2 3
3 1 3
20.46 3 2 4 2 35.5 20.46 3 2 4

4 1 4 1 4
35.5 4 2 2 44.72 35.5 4 3 2 40 4 3
3.41m

[6-3](1)
q=10kPa
A
15
K a tan 2 45 tan 2 45 0.589
2 2 H=7m

A
eaA qK a 2c K a
10 0.589 2 10 0.589 9.46kPa 0kPa
B

2c 2 10
z0 1.45m
K a 18 0.589
B
eaB HK a qK a 2c K a
18 7 0.589 10 0.589 2 10 0.589 64.73kPa
6-3-1
 /kPa
0 20 40 60 80
0
1
0
2

/m
3

4
5

7 64.73
8

6-3-1

1 1
Ea eaB H z0 64.73 7 1.45 179.63kN / m
2 2
y0a
1 1
y0 a H z 0 7 1.45 1.85m
3 3

(2)
q=10kPa
15

K p tan 2 45 tan 2 45 1.70 A
2 2
A
H=7m
e pA qK p 2c K p
10 1.70 2 10 1.70 43.0kPa
B
B
e pB HK p qK p 2c K p
18 7 1.70 10 1.70 2 10 1.70 257.0kPa

6-3-2
 /kPa
0 100 200 300
0
43
1

/m
3

7 257

6-3-2

E p epA e pB H 43 257 7 1050kN / m

1 1
2 2
y0b

y0 p
1
e H
H 1
e e H
H
3
pA pB pA
Ep 2 2
1 7 1 7
43 7 257 43 7 2.67m
1050 2 2 3
[6-4] (1)

A
30
H1=2m
K a tan 2 45 tan 2 45 0.333
2 2 B

A
H2=8m
eaA 2c K a 2 10 0.333 11.55kPa 0kPa

B
C
eaB H 1 K a 2c K a
18 2 0.333 2 10 0.333 0.45kPa 0kPa

2c 2 10
z0 1.92m
K a 18 0.333
C
 eaC H 1 H 2 K a 2c K a
(18 2 9.6 8) 0.333 2 10 0.333 26.05kPa

1 1
E a eaB H 1 z 0 eaB eaC H 2
2 2
1 1
0.45 2 1.92 0.45 26.05 8 106.20kN / m
2 2
y0a

1 1 1 H2 1 H
y0 a eaB H 1 z 0 H 1 z 0 H 2 eaB H 2 eaC eaB H 2 2
Ea 2 3 2 2 3
1 1 1 8 1 8
0.45 2 1.92 2 1.92 8 0.45 8 26.05 0.45 8
106.20 2 3 2 2 3
2.70m

(2)

30
K p tan 2 45 tan 2 45 3 .0
2 2
A
e pA 2c K p 2 10 3.0 34.64kPa

B
e pB H 1 K p 2c K p
18 2 3 2 10 3 142.64kPa
C
e pC H 1 H 2 K p 2c K p
(18 2 9.6 8) 3.0 2 10 3 373.04kPa

Ep
1
epA e pB H1 1 epB e pC H 2
2 2
1 1
34.64 142.64 2 142.64 373.04 8 2240kN / m
2 2
y0b
 H2
e pA H 1 2 H 2 2 e pB e pA H 1 3 H 1 e pB H 2 2 2 e pC e pB H 2 3
1 H1 1 H1 H2 1
y0 p
Ep
1 2 1 2 8
34.64 2 8 142.64 34.64 2 8 142.64 8
2240 2 2 3 2
1 8
373.04 142.64 8
2 3
3.83m
(3)
AB
C
p wC w H 2 10 8 80kPa

1 1
PW p wC H 2 80 8 320kN / m
2 2
y0w
H 8
y0 w 2 2.67m
3 3
6-4
/kPa
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0

active earth
2 pressure
passive earth
pressure
4 hydraustatic
/m

pressure

10

12
6-4
[6-5]
cos 2
Ka
sin 0 sin
2

cos cos 0 1
2

cos 0 cos

cos 2 30 10

2
sin 30 15 sin 30 15
2

cos 10 cos 10 15 1



cos 10 15 cos 10 15

0.478

1 1
E a H 2 K a 18 10 2 0.478 429.90kN / m
2 2
y0
1 10
y0 H 3.33m
3 3
[6-6]
d
d1

h

H
h d

h h
tan
d d1 d h tan

d
1
d h tan
tan

(1) hH

1
d H tan
tan

(2) 45 / 2 hH

1
dH tan

tan 45
2
[6-7](1)

H=5m E1
E1
1
E1 H 2 K a
2
1 30
17.6 5 2 tan 2 45
2 2
73.33kN / m
W
1
W H 2 tan
2
1
17.6 5 2 tan 30
2
127.02kN / m

2
E a E1 W 2 73.33 2 127.02 2 146.66kN / m

W
arctan 30
E1

H 5
y0 1.67m
3 3

(2)

H=5m

 cos 2
Ka
sin 0 sin
2

cos cos 0 1
2

cos 0 cos

cos 2 30 30

2
sin 30 0 sin 30 0

cos 2 30 cos 30 0 1
cos 30 0 cos 30 0

0.619

1 1
E a H 2 K a 17.6 5 2 0.619 136.14kN / m
2 2

0 30

H 5
y0 1.67m
3 3

[6-8](1)AB
A
eaA 1 H 1 K a1 qK a1 2c1 K a1
20 20 20
18 5 tan 2 45 20 tan 2 45 2 10 tan 45
2 2 2
39.93kPa
A
eaA 1 H 1 K a2 qK a 2 2c 2 K a 2
30 30
18 5 tan 2 45 20 tan 2 45 0
2 2
36.67kPa
B
eaB 1 H 1 2 H 2 K a2 qK a 2 2c2 K a 2
30 30
18 5 20 5 tan 2 45 20 tan 2 45 0
2 2
70kPa
(2)C
e pC 2 H 3 K p 2 2c2 K p 2
30
20 2 tan 2 45 0
2
120kPa
(3)
y
2 H 3 y K p 2 1 H 1 2 H 2 y K a2 qK a 2

2 H 3 K p 2 1 H 1 2 H 2 q K a 2
y
2 K p 2 K a 2
20 2 3 18 5 20 5 20 0.333

20 3 0.333
0.94m