1.0 INTRODUCTION This Mathtad calculation sheet determine the pipeline expansion due to thermal loading. The theory is based on that given in OTC paper 4067, Palwer ¢ Ling, 1981. Further, the pipeline in situ stresses are also considered herein. 2.0 ASSUMPTIONS The following assumptions are made: 2.1) The pipeline longitudinal friction coefficient of 0.5. 2.2) The calculation is conservatively based on the naximm pipeline departure and arrival temperatures. 2.3) The pipeline is laid at the bottom of the trench and does not have a span. 3.0 MATHCAD STANDARD UNITS ORIGIN= 1 1 teed kWw= 10°N Te= tonne £ kPas i0°Pa ba 10°Pa MP: i0%Pa Gas i0°Pa ppm = mgxa 9 sano = 105m01 parrel-= 0.1590 HP = inp Hg = 19% joule ka = 10 "joule Biya 10° wane deg knots:= 0.514mx sec” + Jgad= 1000ps3 4.0 PIPELINE EXPANSION CALCULATIONS A.1 Input Data Zor 12"Pipeline-Qperation Condition Internal pressure pps 9.7MPa Water Depth D:= 9.0m Pipeline oD OD:= 323.85mm Water density Pegi= 1025kg xm 2 ipeline wall thickness 8. Brow Soil/Pipeline friction coeff. p+ 0.5 Corrosion allowance Peon = 3.0mm Poisson's ratio of steel v= 0.3 Length of pipeline Aya 23100 Elastic modulus of steel E:= 207GPa Product departure temp Taey := 30°C Product arrival temp Taos = 25°C Aubient temp Tag = 20.0°¢ Pipeline weight 68.373kgxm Secr1 Steel thermal conductivity o:= 1.16x 10 “°c4.2 caloulations Minimum wall thickness te= 5.8 x me Internal over pressure a= 3.6698 MPa Hoop stress o,= 102.4551» MPa Pipe Internal Diameter ID= 312.25% rea 2 Area of steel 5795.2646 x naw Internal area of pipeline 7656.37 x mm? Friction force per metre £=335.255xNxm + 4.2.2 Temperature Profile ahi 08,20. 5 Tigo hs O.= 10% °C A= 39926.2554mTemperature Profile Temperature (deg C) a axi0* zo" Length (m) L 6 (Om) + Typ = 30K °C o(Z) + teas er-orrx coun + Tag = 25x °C Determine whether pipeline is long or short, by finding strain at midpoint: a (Ars Pressure strain 6, = =x|——- xa, 6, = 0.0001 E AL =1 BR Temperature strain e,'-ex|e,xe p= 0.0001 i. i Frictional strain @,:= £x—x = 0.0032 Exa, Strain at midpoint y=, +e,-¢; -0:0034 TE strain (¢q) is > 0 the anchor point is at the midpoint, if the strain is < 0 then the location of the two anchor point must he found.4.2.2 Short Pipe Expansion of pipe at hot end L & y a [fac £xx “ Dae | |>x||—*-» xo] - toxexe | ax E q x 0 Expansion of pipe at cold end a [facer fx (b—x) - 2B et 2 4.2.3 Long Pipe a = -16.4956m Aye = 16682730 x= 0.3xL 1 Given xa px [Ae pi Ax [pea Exe [axe L Length to anchor point at hot end yrs J af eg? 0 L= 720.0128 gr 7SeL Find(x) otherwise 1 5 Given w-Znlaelonn-teon(tne™ )[-annceenal i Length to anchor point at cold end Lis [= if e_> 0 Ly = 22575.360 Find(x) otherwise Expansion of pipe at hot end [E-»s)- Expansion of pipe at cold end ax Ag = 0.0733 max Ay, = 0.03820 4.2.4 Results L L Lys |= it qq20 Lp= |= it e_2o 2 2 L, otherwise 1, otherwise [y= 720. 012em PSE Ay= [4.. it 20 dy= [An if op20 4a otherwise 4p, otherwisex L As(Ls) +oxexe Okt As Af LsS> £x(b- x) x a |rextixe *)axt a, otherwise ixx x An (In) = +OxO,xe axt+Ay if Sh, Ow otherwise A(Ly} As(Lr) if e420 A,(Lr) otherwiseTotal Accumulated Expansion (um) a0] 60] 2a} Pipeline Expansion over Length 10 Length (im) 20