UsefulPhrasesforSpokenLatin

TableofContents(donotedit)(roughlyinorderofusefulness)

Whatisthis?(README)

HowcanIhelp?

FormattingNorms

REQUESTS:whatdoyouneedtosay?

Usefulallthetime

Whenyouneedhelp

Qualifiers(superuseful)

Agreement/Disagreement/Opinions

Basicmanners,greetings,etc.

Needs,Necessities,&Obligations

Feelings&Opinions

RelativeTime

AllAboutTime

Somethingsyoumighthearfromexperiencedspeakers

OtherresourcesforspokenLatin

WherecanIspeakLatinwithhumans?

Appendix:Transitionalphrases

Appendix:Numbers

Appendix:Directions&location

Appendix:Exclamationsandmildoaths

Appendix:WeatherTerms

Appendix:Miscellaneous

Appendix:APartialListofCredits
 Whatisthis?(README)
Aliving,collaborativedocumenttohelpthosewhoalreadyknowLatinbutwanttobegintospeak
it.Livingmeansitsconstantlychanging&beingupdatedoramended,soIdontrecommend
printingit.Collaborativemeansyoucanhelptoo,oraskforthingsyouwant!Sincethisisa
livingandcollaborativedocument,thatmeansitsnotascholarlysource.Usewithcaution.
Forthatreason,amongothers,thisisnotaresourceforyourstudents.Toomany
options&grammarnoteshere.Makeacopy&cullitforwhatyourstudentsneedintheshort
term.Thislistisalsonotexhaustive,norisitmeanttobe.Seethelinksbelowforthat.

HowcanIhelp?
Addwhatyouthinkismissing,orlookattherequestsandaddwhatyoucan,orrequestthingsyou
findyouneedwhenyouretryingtospeakLatin.

SeekoutcitationsfromthePHIdatabaseorgrammarhandbooksorlaterLatintextsorMorgan,
andlinkthemparenthetically,e.g.(Phi).

Fixexistingentriesforformatting,accuracy,etc.Maybeworkonthemacrons( )because
someofus(ahem,Ellie)donttendtodothemaswego.

DontputeveryLatinphraseyouknowinhere.Thelongerthisdocumentgets,theless
manageableitis.Thegoalistoincludephraseswhichareusefulmanytimesadayindifferent

situations&conversations.e.g. itaque,usefulalot.cnre,nope.Lessusefulstuffwillbeputin
theAppendixsectionsatthebottom.

FormattingNorms

Usemacrons.WritefromthefirstpersonPOV.PutLatinin italicEnglishprimarymeaningsin
boldnotesinregulartext.GrammarnotesnexttotheLatinshouldnotbeitalicized(see+
ablbelow).Useaslash/toseparateinterchangeablewords.Iftheslashisbetweenwords,
Illoftenputspacesaround/oneithersideofitforformattingreasons.Useparenthesesto
indicateoptionalelements.Fortranslations,aimforEnglishidiom,notliteraltranslation.If
youneedastandinword,useXoranformofaliquis.Putaperiodattheendofeachentry.

e.g.care+abl:Ineed/wantbecauseIdonthaveit,buttheneedisnturgent.e.g.Ineed
adoctor,butImnotbleedingoutIjustwantmyannualphysical.Alsogowithout
abstainfrom:carnecarebecauseImvegetarian.cf.ege.

Pleasekeepadditionsinschoolfriendlylanguage)

IfyoudidntlearnitfromareallygoodLatinspeakerorreaditinapublishedbookorarealLatin
author(fromanyperiod),dontaddit.Whenindoubt,citeoraskforhelp.
REQUESTS:whatdoyouneedtosay?
HowdoIsayThankyouforcoming!RightnowIvebeengoinggratiastibiagoquiavenisti
whichissoinelegantithurts.love,Ellie.
Latinoftenseemstocommentonthegraciousnessoftheact,ratherthandirectly
expressingthanks.ErasmushaslotsofGratummihifecistiquodsoyoucouldsay
somethinglikeGratummihifecistiquodaderas,benignefecistiquodvenistiautsim.
HasanyoneseenaClassicalorLateLatinexampleofsomeonesayingsomethingakintoId
liketointroduceyoutooraword/phraseforPleasedtomeetyou?Iamawareofmore
modernrenditionsofthese,butImhavingdifficultiesfindingexamplesfromantiquity.
OffthetopofmyheadImighttryvelimcognoscasX/[per]gratumestmihite
cognoscereHaventyetfoundanyantiqueexamplesthough.Whathaveyoubeen
using?
ForIdliketointroduceyouto.Iusesomethingsimilar:Velimte
convenire.Itisamoderismandthusmaybeabitliteral,butworkswell
enough.WithcommonexpressionslikethisthoughImalwayscuriousifthereis
somethingmoretraditionalthatmightalsobemorecolloquialinnature.
TheclosestIvefoundforpleasedtomeetyoufromoldersourcesisVolupest
teconvenisse.fromPlautus,thoughtechnicallyheissayingsomethingcloserto
pleasedtoseeyousinceitissomeonehealreadyknows.Iusethat(orjust
Volupest.).
I. Usefulallthetime
itane?orain?:noway,really?isthatso?
s/utveradcamorraps:really,actually.raps=rips,andisanolderword
usednolaterthanCicero.
rver:infact(esp.ascomparedtoafalsealternative),truly(Phi).Oftenusedby
Latinspeakersforreallyasinhonestly,believemeintheEnglishcasualsense,but
seeaboveforalternatives.
fierpotest:itcanbedone,itspossible
meinterest:itsinterestingtome(Yes,really,me.Idiom.).
(me)nnrfert:itdoesntmatter(tome)(Yes,really,me.Idiom.).
tene:Iget(it).
aliquemcertiremfacere:toletsomeoneknow,totellsomeone.
omnn:completely,totally,altogether.Extrafunwithnol,nesci,etc.
magnmoment(nn)est.:its(not)important.Notegenitive.Canchangetomaxim
momentetc.dependingondegree.
itaque:anyway,andso.
utique:anyway,inanycase.
quidquid:whatever.Goodejectbuttonoptionforwhenyouvegottenyourselfintoa
sentenceyoucantfindyourwayoutof.Notarealinterjection,butasafeandintelligible
waytosayannnnnnndIcantfinishthis.
itaporro:andsooninthesamemanner(Phi).Sometimesusedafteretthewayweuse
etc.,etc.,inEnglish,butnotclassicallyattestedthus.
 cs:bychance,coincidentally,accidentally.
consult:onpurpose,asplanned.
aliter/alioquin:otherwise.
II. Whenyouneedhelp
quid?:what?Obviouslyyallknowthis,butreally:useit.Itsfine.Justsayitwhenever
youreconfused.
aliquidrogrevelim/rogandummihiest:Ihaveaquestion.
n.b.rogatinem/quaestinemhabreisabarbarism.
iterum:again
lentius:slower!
nnintelleg/nnpatet:Idontunderstand.
quidsibiXvult?/quidsignificatX?:whatdoesXmean?
quverbXdcitur?:howdoyousayX?Youllalsohearqumododcitur?whichis
technicallyamodernism.
III. Qualifiers(superuseful)
tantum:only,adverbially.
utopnor/utcred/utmihividtur/mesententi:forwhenyouwanttoexpressan
opinionbutdidntexpecttobeinindirectstatement.Shovetheseintoanindicative
sentencewhereverandyouregoodtogo!
utitadcam:sotospeak,whichisusefulforwhenyoureusingamodernism.Verbal
scarequotes.
nisifallor/nfallor:unlessImmistaken,ifImright,iirc,afaik.
saltem:atleast
fer:prettymuch,approximately.
scilicet/quippe:obviously.Sarcasticsense.
sinedubi:doubtless,withoutadoubt.
plsminusve:moreorless(Phi).
dumtaxat:exactly,nomoreandnoless.
quidem:asortofconcessive,midsentence,yes,(seenumber3here).
equidem:mostoftenwithfirstpersonegoequidemormequidem,Iatleast,forme
anyway.
vrisimileest+O.O.:probably,lit.itslikelythat...
IV. Agreement/Disagreement/Opinions
cert/ita/sc/etiam:yes.Classicallyspeakingitsbettertojustanswerwiththeverb,
e.g.q:surs?areyouhungry?a:suri.Iamhungry.butyoullhearthesealot.
etego/etiamego/egoquoque:metoo.Notethatetiamprecedesthepronoun
whereasquoqueispostpositive.
nequeego:meneither.
(tcum)cnsenti/tcumst:Iagree(withyou).
assentitibi:Iminclinedtoagree,Itendtoagreewithyou.
dissentitcum/t/tibi:Idisagreewithyou.
haud/nn(me)refert:itdoesntmatter(tome).(Yes,really,me.Idiom.)
nil/nihilmortur:itdoesntmatter.
 floccnnfaci:Idontcareatall.Idontgivea(insertexpletiveofyourchoice
here).
quidni?:whynot?sure!(Phi)
constat:noduheveryoneknowsthat.
quidquid:whatever.
magnmoment(nn)est.:its(not)important.
fat/est/licet/placet:okay.
nl/nihilest:noproblem.
V. Basicmanners,greetings,etc.
quaes/rog/ambt/smams:please.
ss:ifyouwould,please.Syncopatedformofsvs.
wheneveryouneedtoasksomeonetodosomething:theimperativeisan
option,butyoucanalsousehortatory/jussivesubjunctivesandindirectcommandstobe
abitmorepolite.
ignscemihi:excuseme,pardonme,Imsorry,foranoffense.
mpaenitet:Imsorry,forregretofaneventorforsympathy,especiallywhenthe
thingregrettedisthespeakersfault.
dole:Imsorrythathappened.Ifyouwanttospecifythethingyouresorry
happened,useacc,O.O.,abl,d,orex.
salv:hello,orafterasneeze,blessyou!
(h)av:hello,goodafternoon,goodmorning(higherregisterthansalve).
val!:goodbye.
inproximum:seeyousoon/later!
incrastinum:seeyoutomorrow!
utvals?/qumodothabs?:howareyou?
quidagis?/quidagitur?/quidfit?:whatshappening?orwhatareyoudoing?
OftenusedamongLatinspeakersasanotherwaytosayhowareyou?.
benevale/benemhabe/rctag/prosperag:Imfine,goodetc.
n.b.beneagisIactrightly/justly
beneagcumaliquisItreatsoandsowell.
malemhabe:Imnotwell/lousy.
n.b.maleagisIactwrongly/unjustly
maleagcumaliquisItreatsoandsobadly.
susquedquefer/habe:Imindifferenttothat,Idontreallycare,Icouldgo
eitherwayonthatthatdoesntreallybotherme.
satbenevale/satbenemhabe:Imokay.
grtis(tibi)ag:Thankyou!Addmaxims,plrims,sescents,etc.asneeded.
libenter:yourewelcome.
benign:thankyou.UsedamongsomeLatinspeakersforno,thankyou.n.b.
benignisalsousedforplainoldthankyou[forwhatyou'vealreadydone].(vid.L&S
II.B.1.c.)Theideaiswhateveryoujustdidorsaidoroffered,itwasniceofyoutodoor
sayoroffer.ClosestEnglishequivalentinusethesedaysisWow,that'sreallyniceof
you.
 Volupestteconvnisse/(per)grtumestmihitconvenre:pleasedtomeetyou.
mihiscdendumest:Imofftopowdermynose.i.e.,apolitewaytosayyoure
headingtothesellapertsa(toilet).Accordingly,Xhaeretscess:Xispowdering
theirnose.Myfavoritewordforbathroomislocusscrtus,althoughyoullhear
ltrna(washroom)orbalnea(roomwithbath).Neverthermae.
VI. Needs,Necessities,&Obligations
ndumestmihi:Ineedto/itstimeformeto
necesseestmihi/necessehabe:Ineed,inareallydesperateorindispensableway.
opusestmihi+ablorinfinitive:IneedIcouldusea...inanonlifethreatening
contexte.g.opusestmihiedereCheets.
care+abl:Ineed/wantbecauseIdonthaveit,buttheneedisnturgent.e.g.I
needadoctor,butImnotbleedingoutIjustwantmyannualphysical..Alsogo
withoutabstainfrom:carnecarebecauseImvegetarian.cf.ege.
ege+abl:Ineed/want,e.g.IneedinsulinbutIamcompletelyoutofit,ohno.
egeisemotionalandsubjectivecareoisdescriptiveandobjective.e.g.egevitamins
becauseIamvitamindeficient.Thevegetariancarnecaretsedlardeget.
debe+inf:Ihaveto/must/should/ought.Tiedtoofficiumandmoral
obligation/responsibilitytodocertainthings.e.g.,Ishould(debeo)pickupmylittle
sisterfromdaycare,or,itsmydadsbirthday.Ishould(debeo)reallycallhim.
moportet:Iought.Tiedtonegotiumandwhatshouldlogicallyhappenorwhatmakes
sense.e.g.,astudentshould(oportet)doherhomework,oracarshould(oportet)
receiveanoilchangeabouteverythreethousandmiles.
VII. Feelings&Opinions
utopnor/utmihividtur/mesententi:forwhenyoudidntexpecttobeinindirect
statementbutwanttoexpressanopinion.Shovetheseintoanindicativesentence
whereverandyouregoodtogo!
mihi(nn/haud)placet:I(dont)likeit.
mihidisplicet:Idontlikeit.
meiustaedet:Imsickandtiredofit.
meiuspudet:ImreallyembarrassedaboutitImashamedofit.
meiuspiget:Imreallyannoyed(andwishitwereotherwise)aboutit.
quidquid:whatever.
magnmoment(nn)est.:its(not)important.
quidni?:whynot?sure!(Phi)
nihilmoror:Idontreallycare.
Xstudiummeumexcitat:Xinterestsme,Xfiresupmynerdengines.
Xstudiflgr:Imreallyinto/obsessedwithX(gen).
hocmihiiucundumest:Ienjoyit,itssomethingIdoforfun.
VIII. RelativeTime
venins:next,upcoming.e.g.annvenientesinelibrdocb.NextyearIwillteach
withoutabook.
proximus:nearestinanydirection.Context,includingtense,determineswhetherit
meansnextormostrecent.
 ___ineunte/exeunte:atthebeginning/endof___.e.g.aestteineunte:atthe
beginningofthesummer.mnseAugustexeunte:inlateAugust.
praeteritus:past,last.e.g.annpraeteritsinelibrdocu.LastyearItaughtwithout
abook.n.b.praeterituscanrefertoanypasttimeoryear,
Xperactus:whenXwasover,justafterX.e.g.mnseIliperactiswhenJuly
hadended,notlastJulycolloquiperactisaftertheconversation,notduring
thepreviousconversation.
hodiernus,a,um:todays.Attachtonocteormneorsimilartosaytonightorthis
morning,respectively.Formsofhicworktoo.Asdoeshodimne,hodinocte.
crstinus,a,um:tomorrows.Attachtonocteormneorsimilartosaytomorrow
nightortomorrowmorningetc.
hesternus,a,um:yesterdays.Attachtonocteormneorsimilartosaylastnight
oryesterdaymorningetc.
nudiustertius:thedaybeforeyesterday.literallynuncdisesttertius/etc.
accordingly,nudiusquartus=thedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterday,etc.
Remember,Romanscountinclusively.
perendi:dayaftertomorrow
disquartuspost:lit.thefourthdayafter=dayafterthedayaftertomorrow.
Remember,Romanscountinclusively.
(in)hsXdibus:inXdays,i.e.,fromnow.hspaucsdibus=inafewdays.Use
withfuturetense.InafewdaysImgoingbacktoschool.
postXdibus:afterXdays.Usewithpasttenses.AfterafewdaysIleft.
somethingthatsbeengoingonforawhileandisstillgoingonshouldbein
thepresenttenseinLatin,eventhoughitsperfectinEnglishe.g.Ihavebeenwaitingfor
sixhours=nuncsexhrsexspect.
sole+O.O.:Iusually,typically.
IX. AllAboutTime
septimna,ae/hebdomas,adis(f):week.
dies,di:day,obviously,butn.b.itsmasculineusuallyandfemininewhenitsaspecial
day,likemybirthdayorChristmas.
hra,ae:hour
mintum,:minute.Occasionallyalsoseenasafirstdeclension(i.eminta,ae),but
morecommonusageoverthepastcenturies(atleastasfarbackasBede)hasbeento
treatthiswordasaneuter(probablyoriginatingasasubstantiveadjectiveforspatium
ortempus).
secunda/momentum:second.Comesfromtheideathatitisthesecondhandonthe
clockandseconddivisionof60.
mne:morning,bothasanindeclinablenounandanadverb.
benemne/multmne:veryearlymorning.
meridies,meridie:midday,noon.
ante/postmeridiem:beforenoon/afternoon
vesper(is),m:evening
nox(noctis),f:night
 medianox:midnight
modo:just,rightnow.e.g.modopnsumperfci.Ijustfinishedmyhomework.
nnnumquam:sometimes,occasionally.
aliquand:atsomepoint,atsomeunknowntime.
saepe:often.saepius:moreoften,quiteoften.saepissim:usually,frequently.
rr/rr:rarely
iam:+past=already,+present=now,+future=ASAP,immediately.
abhinc:agoorfromnow,dependingonwhetheryouretalkingaboutthepastorthe
future.
adhc:still,evennow.
Quotahraest?/Quothraesunt?:Whattimeisit?Thefirstoptionisthemost
commonusedbymodernspeakersbutbothformsareattestedclassically.
Xhraest.:ItisXoclock.
Useordinalnumbers+hraforthehour.
a) e.g.:prma/secunda/tertiahraetc.:one/two/threeoclock,
1/2/3:00etc.
antemeridiana/postmeridiana:A.M./P.M.canalsobeaddedforfurther
clarification.(Romanswouldhavemeasuredfromdawn,butintheU.S.wetend
tousethestandardtwelvehourclocksystem.)
EstXhraetXXmintaorXXmintapost/anteXhoram.ItisX:XX.
Minutesareexpressedinmultipleways.
a) Simplenumbers.
(1) E.g.septendecimminta:17minutes
b) Fractionsof12thsofanhourorfiveminuteintervals(seehereforfull
list).Whileanycanbeused,themostcommoninmodernspeechare:
(1) quadrns(ntis)=15minutes(4/12ofanhour)
(2) ddrans(antis)=45minutes(8/12ofanhour)
(3) smihra(ae)/dmidia(ae)=30minutes(6/12ofanhour)
c) Generalfractionsofanhour(rarelyusedinmodernspeechandmore
commoninantiquity):
(1) E.g.bisquintaparshorae=24minutes(ofanhour)
Examples:
a) Estseptimahraetquadrns/septimahraetqundecimminta/
quadrnspostseptimamhram/qundecimmintapostseptimam
hram:Itis7:15.
b) Estseptimahraetddrans/septimahraetquadrgintquinta
minta/quadrnsanteoctvamhoram/qundecimmintaante
octvamhram:Itis7:45.
X. Somethingsyoumighthearfromexperiencedspeakers
versor:somespeakersuseversorratherthansumorhabitforexpressingones
locationinaplaceoversomeperiodoftime.e.g.,Ivelived(versor)inthistownforten
years,orIspent(verstus/asum)twoweeksinCaliforniathissummer.
 elision:prettyoftenifyourewithexperiencedLatinspeakersyouwillhearelision
accordingtothesamerulesasinpoetry,e.g.mequidembecomesmquidem,or
necesseestbecomesnecessest.Thisisalsocommonwithneuterimpersonalpassive
periphrastics:mihidiscdendumstinsteadofmihidiscdendumest.
syncopatedperfects:Certainspeakersarealsofondofsyncopatedperfects,e.g.
rogvistbecomesrogst.(Nerdfact:manysyncopatedformsareactuallywaymore
commonthantheexpandedalternative.)
hcdcaus,quibusinrbus,etc.:prepositionsandwiches,asIliketothinkof
them,seemtohappenalotmoreinspokenLatinthanwearetaughttoexpectfrom
textbooks.
vin:doyouwant(to)?syncopatedformofvisne?Theyareprobablynotjust
mutteringvinumundertheirbreath,althoughitspossible.
viden:doyousee?Syncopatedformofvidesne.(Phi)
perg,pergere,perrex,perrectum:toproceed,continue.Youlloftenhearperge,
quaesforpleasegoon,afteraninterruptionforexample.
XI. OtherresourcesforspokenLatin
ThesinglebestthingyoucandotoimproveyourspokenLatinisreadalotofLatin:moreinfohere
andhere.YoucanfindabunchofrelativelyeasyLatintoread&listentohere.Butherearesome
referenceworkstohelpyououtanyway!

TheMorganOwensLexicon:expressionsforvariousmodern(ormoremodernthan
Ciceroanyway)things,excellentlysourced.
SALVIsresourcepage:especiallythispagebyJohnKuhner.
VocabulaPictabyAnnaAndresian:wordsforallyourdailymodernlifeneeds.Check
againstMorgan,though.TheeBookisonly$5anditsallinLatinwithpictures!n.b.Do
notsharethisaround.ItisapaidresourcethatAnnaworkedreallyhard
on.Shealreadydoesalotforuswithmagistrula.combeingfree,soplease
respecthercopyright.
FirstThousandWordsinLatinbyHeatherAmery(2014editiononly!):The2014
editionwasheavilyamendedbyPatrickOwensofMorganOwensLexiconfame.Donot
gettheearlieredition!
VitaNostrabyStephanBerard(contacthereforacopy)
GuidetoLatinConversationbyStephenWilby(1892)(PDF)
LatinPhraseBookbyCarlMeissner,trans.HenryWilliamAuden(PDFhere)
ColloquiaFamiliariabyErasmus(1664)(selectionstherefrombyJenniferNelson)
ConversationalLatinforOralProficiencybyJohnTraupman(n.b.thisgetsmixed
reviewsfromseriousLatinists)(butitalsohasanaudiooptionsothatsnice)
XII. WherecanIspeakLatinwithhumans?
LatinGoogleHangouts:weeklychitchatonwebcam.(ONLINEOPTION)
Also,justfindabuddyandSkypeorHangoutorFacetimewiththeminLatin.
ThePaideiaInstitute:offersTelepaideiaonlinecourses,includingspecificallyinSpoken
Latin,whichareagreatoptionforthosewhocanttravelorwanttobrushupduringthe
schoolyear.(ONLINEOPTION)
 Recurringregionaleventslastinglessthanaday:Ifyoudontknowthecontact
personorthereisntalink,findthemviaLatinforAcquisitiononFB.
BostonActiveLatin/Clipeus:biweeklymeetupsinBoston.ContactAbbiHolt.
Amherst,MALatinmeetups:contactT.J.Howell.
NewYorkCityLatinmeetups:Weeklymeetupswithopportunitiesforboth
readingandspeakingatdifferentlevelsofproficiency.
North/CentralNJLatinmeetups:theseJUSTstarted.ContactKelsieToyor
JamieLawrence.
ErieActiveLatin:Imnotsureifthesehappenregularlyorwhat.ContactChris
Buczek.
AtregionalClassicsconferencestheresusuallyamensaLatinawhereyoucan
speakLatinwhileyoueatlunch.Ifthereisnt,organizeone.
Annualimmersionevents
SALVI:Organizationholdingvariousannualweeklongandtwodayevents.West
Virginia,sometimesCalifornia,&otherlocations.
ThePaideiaInstitute:EventsinNYC,Italy,Greece,&elsewhere,mostlyfor
adultsbutalsoformiddle&highschoolers.Alsoseeaboveforonlineoption.
ConventiculumBostoniense:annualsummerimmersioneventinSalem,MA.
ConventiculumDickinsoniense:AnnualsummerimmersioneventinCarlisle,PA.
ConventiculumLexintoniense:AnnualsummerimmersioneventinLexington,
KY.
XIII. Appendix:Transitionalphrases
utopnor/utcred/utmihividtur/mesententi:forwhenyouwanttoexpressan
opinionbutdidntexpecttobeinindirectstatement.
utvrisimileest:whichis/asislikely
quodsuperest:further,furthermore,asfortherest,
quodadXattinet:asfarasXisconcerned,asfarasXgoes
addequod+indic.:plusthefactthat...,theresalsothefactthat
accditquod:theresalsothefactthat
accditut+indic.:itsohappensthat,besides,
praeterbX:NottomentionX(acc.)/IwontevenmentionX/Imnotevengonna
talkaboutX(acc.).(Phi)
quaecumitasint:sinceitslikethat,andso
quodmaiusest:whatsmore/beyondthat/ontopofthat(Phi)
utdictrus/aeram:asIwassaying(PhiandmorePhi)
itaque:anyway,andso.
XIV. Appendix:Numbers
parsdimidia:half.Forotherfractions,seehere.
Seehereforallforms.
quot?:howmany?answeredwithcardinalnumberadjectives:unus,duo,tres...
quotus/a/um?:howmanyth?i.e.whereinthesequencedoesitfall?answeredwith
ordinalnumberadjectives:primus,secundus,tertius...
cf.quotahoraest?whattimeisit?
 quoten/ae/a?:howmanyeach?answeredwithdistributivenumberadjectives,
alwaysplural:singul,bin,tern...
quotiens/quoties?:howmanytimes?answeredwithnumeraladverbs:semel,bis,
ter
XV. Appendix:Directions&location
Withmotion:
dextrrsum:right
sinistrrsum:left
prorsus:forward
retrrsum/rursus:backward
sursum:upward
deorsum:down
atergo:frombehind
afronte:fromthefront
Location/Position:
adsinistram:ontheleft
addextram:ontheright
ante:infront
post:behind
supr:above,upstairs.
infr:below,downstairs.
iacet/situsaumest:lies,islocated.Fixedpointsofinterestonly.Usedinthis
senseforgeographicallandmarksandbuildings,notpeople.
pars,partis(f.):part,area,region,section,directionusewithformsofhaecandilla
&thebelowadjectivestodescribespace,e.g.hcinparteorinposterioreparte.
Cardinaldirections:
septentrionalis,septentrionale:north
meridionalis,meridionale:south
orientalis,orientaleorsoloriens:east
occidentalis,occidentaleorsolisoccasus:west
Relativespace:
superior:upper
inferior:lower
anterior:closertothefront
posterior:farther,closertotheback
summus,a,um:highest,uppermost
infimus,a,um/imus,a,um:lowest
proximusaum:closest
distatXmilibuspassuum:itsXmilesaway(3rdpersononlyinthissense).
XVI. Appendix:Exclamationsandmildoaths
castor!(mostlywomen)edepol!(mostlymen):Jeez!Boy!
dmagn!/dbon!/dimmortls!:Gosh!Lord!OMG!
DitaXaliquemament!BlessXsheart!
 mehercules!/mehercle!:Iswear!Sohelpme!lit.,byHercules.
babae!/papae!:Wow!
heus!:Hey!Yoohoo!
malum!:Darn!Bother!asWinniethePoohsays.
pr(h)(dolor)!:Thatsashame!Whatapity!
fufae!:ugh!yuck!eww!
ain?:fromaisne?,sortofreally?!ordidyoujustsaywhatIthinkyoujustsaid?
macte!/mirabile!:awesome!cool!n.b.amongsomeLatinspeakers,mirabileisused
tomarkwhensomeonesgottenthemselvesintoasentencetheycantgetoutoforsaid
somethingtotallyincorrectly.
ForascholarlylookatLatininterjections,seehere.
XVII. Appendix:WeatherTerms
Qulecaelumest?:Whatstheweatherlike?
aestuat,calidumest,estcalor,suntcalrs:itshot(temperature,notspicy)
aestu:Imhot(Ifeelhot)
alget,frigidumest,estfrgus:itscold
alge:Imcold
tepidumest:itswarm
clrumest,sdumest:itsclear,itsbright
sernumest:itscalm
sllcet,slsplendet:thesunisshining,itssunny
nbilsumest:itscloudy
caelumnbibusobdcitur:itsreallycloudy,overcast(Thisisaveryfancywayto
sayit.)
arestcrassus:itshumidtheairishumid
arestaridus:itsdrytheairisdry
tempestscoritur:astormiscoming,astormisarising
pluit:itsraining
fulgurat:itsthundering
grandinat:itshailing
ningit:itssnowing
XVIII. Appendix:Miscellaneous
meridi,re,v,tum:totakeanap
cubitume:togotobed(Phi)
ient(1):tohavebreakfast
prandeereisum:tohavelunch
cen(1):tohavedinner
occurr+dat.:tomeetsomeonebychanceorforthefirsttime
conveni+acc.:tomeetsomeonebydesign
tantumperiocum:justkidding!jk.
prfer/dfer:toputoff,procrastinate.e.g.Letstakearaincheckondinner,or,
Putoffyourworkandcomeseeamovieinstead.(Phi)
memorideceptus/asumORmemoriamfefellit:Irememberedwrong.
 restre:tobeleftover,toremain(n.b.manereistoremainbutinthesenseofstay.)
mcuminmentevolvere:tothinkover
XIX. Appendix:APartialListofCredits
caveat:Thefollowingpeoplehavenotendorsedthewholedocumentnor
necessarilyevenlookedatit.Changesmayhavebeenmadetothingstheyalreadyfixed.
ErrorsbelongtonooneexceptmaybeEllieArnold,whosefaultitisthattheres
anonymouseditingatall.
Imnotsureifpeopleactuallywanttoputtheirnamesonthis,butifyoudliketo
andyouhelpedout,evenalittlebit,pleasegoaheadandaddyourself!OrifI
addedyouandyoudontwanttobehere,takeyourselfoff.Namesinalphabetical
orderbylastnameplease.Feelfreetoaddcontactlinksorwebsitesorwhatever.
Anonymouspeoplewhoaredelightful!
EllieArnold
JustinSlocumBailey
JeanineEdson
SarahEpps
StephenColeFarrand
GinnyLindzey
DawnMitchell
DanSchneider