EgyE 201 GTH

Energy Resources, Uses, and Systems

Assignment
Energy Conversion Systems
13 April 2017

Instructions:

Please answer the following questions and submit your answers in a pdf file through email by
08 May 2017.

Part I

If you have to prioritize energy conversion systems in view of sustainable development of the
Philippines, what would be your top five energy conversion systems? Justify your answer and
cite the references that you use in coming up with your answer and justification. You must
answer this part in form of a formal composition containing no less than 1500 words,
excluding the references. (100 pts.)

Part II

Solve the following problems. Show all solutions. (20 pts. each)

1. A 12-m/s wind is at 101.325 kPa pressure and 10C temperature. Assume ideal gas
condition with R = 287 J/kg-K. Calculate (a) the total power density in the wind
stream in W/m2, (b) the maximum obtainable power density in W/m2, (c) the
reasonably obtainable power density (assuming 40% of the total power density in the
wind stream) in W/m2, (d) the total power produced in kW if the turbine diameter is
100 m, and (e) the torque in N-m and the axial thrust in N if the turbine were
operating at 40 revolutions per minute and maximum theoretical efficiency.

2. A 6-MW closed OTEC power plant is using an organic Rankine cycle with ammonia
operating between boiler temperature of 25C and condenser temperature of 10C.
The turbine has a polytropic efficiency of 85% and its inlet flow is at saturated vapor,
while the pump has a polytropic efficiency of 75%. At the site of the power plant, the
approximate density and specific heat of hot surface and cold seawater are 1030
kg/m3 and 3.98 kJ/kg-K, respectively. Calculate (a) the thermal efficiency of the
power plant, (b) the mass flow rate of ammonia in the cycle in kg/s, (c) heat input
from the hot surface seawater in MW, (d) the volumetric flow of the hot surface
seawater in m3/s if its temperature is decreased by 8C, and (e) the volumetric flow of
the cold seawater in m3/s if its temperature is increased by 6C.

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 Saturated ammonia table
T(C) P (kPa) vl (m3/kg) vg (m3/kg) hl (kJ/kg) hg (kJ/kg) sl (kJ/kgK) sg (kJ/kgK)
25 1003.2 0.001659 0.12809 460.82 1626.6 1.8804 5.7904
10 615.05 0.001601 0.20543 389.72 1615.3 1.638 5.9662

3. A 15-MW CO2 indirect and closed Brayton cycle has isentropic expansion and
compression points shown below for ideal performance reference but works non-
ideally without pressure drop in the heat exchangers. The turbine and the compressor
have polytropic efficiencies of 90% and 75%, respectively.

T(C) P (MPa) v (m3/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kgK) Point

300 40 0.002716 697.1 2.115 Turbine Inlet
154.75 10 0.007003 577.88 2.115 Turbine Outlet
50 10 0.002602 384.07 1.5795 Compressor Inlet
133.25 40 0.001531 439.45 1.5795 Compressor Outlet

Calculate (a) the thermal efficiency of the power plant, (b) the mass flow rate of CO2
in the cycle in kg/s, (c) the volumetric flow rate at the turbine inlet in m3/s, (d) the
heat input into the gas heater in MW, and (e) the heat released by the gas cooler in
MW.

4. A 1.2-GW Rankine cycle operates with turbine inlet steam at 1200 psia and 1000F
and condenser pressure at 1 psia. There are three feedwater heaters placed optimally
as follows: (a) the high-pressure heater is of the closed type with drains cascaded
backward; (b) the intermediate-pressure heater is of the open type; (c) the low-
pressure heater is of the closed type with drains pumped forward. Each of the turbine
sections has the same polytropic efficiency of 85%. The pumps have polytropic
efficiencies of 75%. Calculate (a) the mass flow rate at the turbine inlet in pound
mass per hour, (b) the mass flow rate to the condenser, (c) the mass flow rate of the
condenser cooling water, in pound mass per hour, if it undergoes a 25F temperature
rise, (d) the cycle efficiency, and () the cycle heat rate, in Btus per kilowatt hour.

5. A 0.08-meter-diameter circular photovoltaic cell receives the following solar fluxes,

in photons per second per square centimeter, in the wavelength ranges between the
parentheses: 0.5X1017 (0.3 0.5 m), 0.85X1017 (0.5 0.7 m), 0.5X1017 (0.7 0.9
m), 0.45X1017 (0.9 1.1 m), and zero below 0.3 and above 1.1 m. Estimate (a)
the number of such cells necessary to produce 15 kW of AC power, and (b) the array
area on which they are mounted.

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