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INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
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1.2 DEVELOPMENT IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
The improvements in the performance of concrete can be grouped as
follows:
Better mechanical properties than that of conventional concrete
such as compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength,
impact and toughness, etc.
Better durability attained by means of increased chemical and
freeze-thaw resistances, Improvements in selected properties of
interest, such as impermeability, adhesion, thermal insulation and
abrasion etc
Some of the important elements in this respect are the reduction of the
consumption of energy and natural raw materials and consumption of waste
materials. The use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition
wastes is showing prospective application in construction as alternative to
primary (natural) aggregates The enormous quantities of demolished concrete
are available at various construction sites, which are now posing a serious
problem of disposal in urban areas. It conserves natural resources and reduces
the space required for the landfill disposal.
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1.3.1 Source
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1. The crushing characteristics of hardened concrete are similar to those of
natural rock and are not significantly affected by the grade or quality of the
original concrete.
2. Recycled concrete aggregates produced from all but the poorest quality
original concrete can be expected to pass the same tests required of
conventional aggregates.
3. Recycled concrete aggregates contain not only the original aggregates, but
also hydrated cement paste. This paste reduces the specific gravity and
increases the porosity compared to similar virgin aggregates. Higher
porosity of RCA leads to a higher absorption.
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1. Construction waste crusher does not mesh with the grate at the end,
crushing a wide range of raw materials, materials for wet and dry
moisture content without any requirement
2. Construction waste crusher is down by two-stage crushing, crushed
material through the first into the second after the crushing of
construction waste material crusher in the cavity to form a hammer
powder, the effect of powder material and then discharged directly to the
discharge port
3. Construction waste crusher gap adjustment with unique two-way
technology, when the hammer wear and tear, regulating the location of
hammer to ensure that the gap between the hammer and the liner to
ensure that the effect of particle size
4. Construction waste crusher plant a balanced device, can save 20%
electricity, while also enhancing the hammer of crushing force increased
production.
5. Construction waste crushers have changed their mouth oiling butter.
Improved lubrication system becomes, can also be non-stop oiling.
6. Construction waste crushers with hydraulic launch case, a person can
easily open, convenient to maintain and inspect parts.
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1.4.3 Working Principle of the Impact crusher
When the impact crusher works, the motor drives the rotor rotate of the
impact crusher with high speed, on the rotor where installed the hammers. When
the materials get into the area which the hammers effect, under the impact
function of the hammer at a high speed, the materials are thrown to the impact
device above the rotor continuously. And then the materials are rebounded from
the impact liner to the area where the hammers effects for being recrushed. The
materials from large to small all to be crushed impact chamber repeatedly. The
process wont stop till the material for crushed to the required size and then
discharge from outlet of the impact crusher.
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FIG 1.1 SEPARATION PROCESS
2. Bank protection
4. Road construction
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5. Noise barriers and embankments
9. Lean-concrete
1.7 SCOPE
Eco friendly
Alternate for coarse aggregates
Reduces the cost of making concrete
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As base for building foundations
As fill for utility trenches
In concrete as a replacement for aggregates
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 GENERAL
The published research works by various authors that are closely
related to the topic are discussed in this chapter.
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cube strength was 5% and 3% higher than the 28-day strength for RAC
and NAC respectively.
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[7] ASSESSMENT OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE by
Ismail Abdul Rahman, Hasrudin Hamdam, Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad
Zaidi,Modern Applied Science,Vol.3,No.10,October 2009.
This paper has discussed An angular shape and rough texture in
RA leads to better bonds and a higher strength value of concrete. RAC
can also have a higher compressive strength when RA is oven dried, due
to the interfacial bond between cement paste and aggregate particles.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 METHODOLOGY
TITLE SELECTION
LITERATURE COLLECTION
MATERIAL COLLECTION
TESTING OF MATERIALS
REPLACEMENT OF CA BY RCA
20%, 40%, 60%, 80% & 100%
CASTING OF SPECIMEN
TESTING OF SPECIMEN
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Compressive Flexural Split Tensile
Strength Test Strength
RESULTS ANDTest
DISCUSSION Strength Test
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4
MATERIAL STUDY
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the most widely used man made materials in the
construction world. It contains following materials
1. Cement
2. Aggregate
3. Water
4.1.1Cement
Cement is used as a binding material in the concrete.
Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grades is used. The cement should
be used within 3 months of manufacture. Cement mortar at the age
of 3 days should have a compressive strength of 11.5N/mm 2 at the
age of 7 days the compressive should not be less than 17.5N/mm 2
and tensile strength should not be less than 2.5N/mm 2. The initial
setting time of cement should not be less than 30 minutes and final
setting time shall be around 10 hours.
4.1.2 Aggregate
Aggregates can also be classified on the basis of the size of the
aggregates as
1. Fine aggregate.
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2. Coarse aggregate.
4.1.3 water
The water used for mixing and curing the concrete is the potable
water available in the campus.
CHAPTER 5
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
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Before casting, all the moulds were fully tightened. The inner sides
of the moulds were coated with oil to prevent adhesion of concrete.
5.2 CURING
Curing is the process of keeping the set concrete damp for
some days in order to enable the concrete gain more strength. After
24 hours, the specimens were removed from the mould and allowed
to curing for 28 days.
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Fig 5.1 Curing of specimen
Where
P =Applied load (N)
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A=Area of the specimen (mm2)
Where
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P =Applied load (N)
D = Diameter of the cylinder (mm)
L = Length of the cylinder (mm)
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Figure 5.4 - Two point loading for Prism
Where,
a = distance between the loads,
b = measured width of the specimen,
d = measured depth at the point of failure.
The concrete for designed mix is mixed homogeneously by
means of hand mixing.
Before casting the prism the entire mould is oiled. So the
prism can be easily removed from the mould after the desired
period. The concrete is filled in the prism three layers and each
layer tamped evenly by tamping rod.
CHAPTER 6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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6.1. INTRODUCTION
The test results of the conventional concrete specimens were
discussed in this chapter.
Table 6.1 Compressive Strength at 7, 28 Days
Compressive Compressive Average
Days strength in strength in in
kN N/mm2 N/mm2
550 24.44
7 564 25.06 24.5
540 24
680 30.22
28 636 28.26 28.64
618 27.46
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180 2.547
7 177 2.505 2.56
186 2.632
232 3.28
28 190 2.69 3.04
208 2.94
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION
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coarse aggregate will be done as planned in the methodology. If the
project becomes success it will help to minimize the waste and will create
an eco-friendly environment.
REFERENCE
1. IS: 10262-1982, Indian Guidelines for concrete Mix Design, March
1998, Fifth edition.
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3. M Etxeberria, (2007), Influence of amount of recycled coarse
aggregate and production process on properties of recycled aggregate
concrete, Cement and Concrete Research 37,PP.NO 735742.
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