Investigating correlations between stiffness indexes for Brazilian soils

Marcus dos Reis

Coordinator and Professor of Universidade Paulista (Paulista University) UNIP Chcara Santo Antonio.
Technical Director of JSGlobal Construo Civil e Assessoria em ObrasandCAPT Centro de Apoio a
Pesquisa Tecnolgicas. SP. Brasil
Rita Moura Fortes
Professor of Civil Engineering. Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (Anhembi Morumbi University) and So
Paulo Federal Institute (IFSP Instituto Federal de So Paulo). Brazil

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a research developed using samples collected in four (04) different regions
in two (02) cities in the So Paulo state for different types of tropical and non-tropical soils through DCP
(Dynamic Cone Penetration) testing. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory by means of characterization
and molding of test specimens for spindling of the DCP in the laboratory and field to obtain a correlation
between these results. In the research, ten penetrations were performed using the DCP and also tendrilled HILF
cylinder for the laboratory determination of the CBR (California Bearing Ratio). Seven points were collected
in each of the four regions of these two cities. Analyzing the data obtained in the tests carried out, it was ob-
served that these values were close to those obtained by the correlation presented in ASTM D6951 / D6951M-
09, meaning that the same can be applied to these types of soils.
This equation is used for all soils except for CL
soils below CBR 10 and CH soils. For these soils. the
1 INTRODUCTION following equations are recommended by the US
The methodology used to pavement design in Brazil Army Corps of Engineers:
is based on the resistance of the materials obtained CL soils CBR < 10: CBR 5 1/(0.017019*DCP)2(2)
through the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) results. CH soils: CBR 5 1/0.002871*DCP (3)
To establish thein situ CBR value was used Dy- The DCP index unit is the penetration in mm per
namic Cone Penetration (DCP)Testing. blow (mm/blows).
In Brazil. There are no standards for the test run-
ning and how to correlate the DCP with the CBR,
therefore, we use to consider the American Standard 2.2 Place of test run
ASTM D6951/D6951M-09: "Standard Test Method To analyze the correlation between the value of the
for Use of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer in Shal- DCP and in situ CBR or shear strength, according to
low Pavement Applications. the soil type, it was decided to carry out the tests in
Because of its practicality and efficiency. this test three regions in the area of the CAPT - Technological
has been widely used to determine the soil support ca- Research Support Center located in So Roque city
pacity. (Figures 01. 02 and 03) and in Cotia city, both located
in state of So Paulo, near So Paulo city (Figure 04),
for different types of soils (lateritic and not lateritic).
2 METHODOLOGY In Figures 01, 02 and 03are presented the sche-
matic sketches of the points where in situ tests were
performed and the sample collected.
2.1 DCP executive process
Following the procedure recommended in ASTM
D6951/D6951M-09. the test was performed. The es-
timated in situ CBR was computed using the DCP
index for each set of readings.
The penetration per blow was plotted on a scale
reading or total depth. The penetration per blow was light post
used to estimate in situ CBR or shear strength using Hi= Hilf drilling
the appropriate correlation, for example, the equation Ci= DCP testing
below recommended by the United States Army Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the location of the
Corps of Engineers: points tested in So Roque - SP (CAPT) - Region 1.
CBR = 292/(DCP1.12) (1)

light post
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the location of the
points tested in So Roque - SP (CAPT) - Region 2.
49 km of Raposo Tavares Highway
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the location of the-
points tested in So Roque - SP (CAPT) - Region 3.
the condominium
Internal street in
of Cotia
Hi= Hilf drilling
Ci= DCP testing
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the location of the
points tested in Cotia - SP (CAPT) - Region 1.
2.3 Characterization of Materials Used
Sampling. sample collection. characterization tests.
South African Cone - DCP and drilled Hilf test.
Following the samples up to 2m deep in each re-
gion, they were sent to the laboratory for characteri-
zation and tests performance.
Figure 05 presents the preparation of the samples
in general lines. Each sample was air-dried, de-
routed, homogenized, quenched and later the frac-
tions were defined for the performance of the tests.
Figure 5. Preparation of each sample (drying in air)
and separation fractions to be tested.
The samples were classified according to the
ASTM D2487 11.AASHTO Soil Classification
System (ASTM. 2015) and MCT Methodology for
Rapid Classification of Tropical Soils (FORTES &
MERIGHI. 2003).
Figure 6 shows the test specimens (disk method)
used in the study developed by Fortes; Merighi
(2003) to the MCT methodology, classifying the soil
preliminarily and the feasibility using the soil dosage
study with additive(Figueiredo and Fortes. 2008).
Figure 6. Molding of specimens for the disk method
(FORTES; MERIGHI. 2003).
The proctor test was performed with the normal
energy. according to the ASTM D698-12e2 (2012).
The results obtained are also presented in Table 01
(Figure 07).
The CBR results according to the ASTMD1883-
16 (2016) are presented in Table 03 (Figures 07. 08
and 09).
Figure 07. Sample separation. overview from start
Sieve Analysis. sample preparation for Proctor and
CBR tests in the laboratory
Figure 08. Test specimens after molding for the CBR
determination DCP test molded in the laboratory in
the compaction same energy of the field. The speci-
mens were inserted into the tank.
 Figure 9 presents the rupture of the specimens. It AASHTO SoilClassification
A-4 A-6 A-7-5 A-6
was analyzed(a) the molded in laboratory CBR Cyl- System
inder (b) the milled in the field specimen CBR test Table 2 Results of Particle-Size Distribution (Grada-
(with the undisturbed sample collected after the Hilf tion) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis
cylinder was drilled) and (c) DCP test performed on (ASTM D6913-04(2009)e1)
specimen molded in the normal energy in the labora- Sieve (mm) Passing
tory. Sample ST - 01 ST - 02 ST - 03 ST - 04
19.1 --- --- --- ---
9.52 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
4.75 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.44
2.00 99.23 95.36 97.61 98.86
1.19 98.20 95.16 95.24 98.55
0.6 96.00 94.02 81.02 93.82
0.42 89.90 93.52 74.62 88.89
0.25 88.30 92.68 66.37 82.23
0.149 86.80 91.47 60.29 76.06
(b) 0.074 44.30 85.42 53.80 65.19

In Figure 10 it can be noticed in the right side the

(a)
(c) schematic sketch of the South African Cone - DCP,
the center of the field test and the right the detail of
the DCP and Hilf Cylinder drilled in the ground,
spaced 50cm each other.

Figure 09.Determination of CBR value: (a) specimen

molded in the normal energy in the laboratory and (b)
specimen obtained by Hilf drilling. (c) determination
of the DCP in the specimen molded in the normal en-
ergy in the laboratory.
(a) (b) (c)
In Table 01and 02 are presented the results ob-
tained in the characterization test of the soils used in Figure 10. (a) the dynamic penetrometer DCP sche-
this research. matic, (b) DCP test being carried out in situ and (c)
the DCP realization de-filing right and Hilf Cylinder
Table 1. Result of soil characterization. drilled in the ground.
ST - ST -
Sample ST - 01 ST - 04
02 03 In Figure 11are presented from left to right, (A) the
0.10 / 0.15 / 0.95 / 0.20 /
depth (m)
2.00 1.8 1.70 1.10
test specimens (CP1 and CP2) used to perform the
So So So tests with the soils collected in the 4 regions, (C) de-
Roque Roque Roqu Cotia termination of the DCP in the experimental section
Place
Region Re- e Re- Region 1 (field) by means of the drilling of the Hilf cylinder to
1 gion 2 gion 3 collect the undisturbed sample, (D) determination of
Clay Silt.
Light
Silt claye SandCla the expansion and the CBR in the deformed and un-
Description and Identification brown- disturbed samples.
Sandy d yed.
of Soils(ASTM D2499/09) claysan
. light sandy. pink
d
brown brown
maximum dry unit weight
(d.max). (kg/m) (ASTM 1.908 1.580 1.559 1.578
D698/12)
optimumwatercontent (wopt)
12.1 20.5 19.3 18.4
(%)
CBR (%) (ASTM D1883- Figure 11. Specimens prepared for the tests.
16.0 5.2 8.0 4.5
16)
Soilexpansibility (%) 0.3 3.1 0.78 1.9
LL (%) 22.1 38.0 58.0 40.0 In Figure 12, it can be observed the equipments
PL (%) 14.2 21.0 31.06 22.33 adapted for the tests until the moment of the rupture,
PI (%) 7.9 17.0 26.94 17.67 being that from left to right we illustrate, (A) the Hilf
Group index 2.0 10.8 12.0 9.0 specimen immersed in water with the overload and
FORTES, MERIGHI
NA-NS' NS' LG' NS' adapted extensometer for the Hilf cylinder with a di-
(2003) CLASSIFICATION
ameter of 100mm, (B) as well as the dynamometric
ring, the extensometer, the 0.5mm piston and the L10 65.2 65.0 65.2 65.2 65.1 65.1 63.8
150mm cylinder with the extensometer to measure L11 68.1 68.3 67.2 67.2 67.7 67.7 66.4
the expansion, the Hilf cylinder with the 100mm col-
lar, the dynamometric ring, the extensometer, the Table 5. Penetration obtained in the soil of So Roque
0.33mm piston, (C) in the press for the determination - SP (CAPT) - region 3
Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam-
of the CBR in the laboratory. ple 1 ple 2 ple 3 ple 4 ple 5 ple 6 ple 7
Place (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
L0 4.3 4.4 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.6 19.7
L1 6.0 6.2 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.3 26.9
L2 7.3 7.5 6.8 6.4 6.6 6.8 31.2
L3 9.1 9.6 8.5 7.9 8.2 8.5 7.5
L4 11.2 11.1 10.1 9.6 9.9 10.2 9.0
L5 14.1 13.9 12.6 11.9 12.2 12.7 11.1
L6 17.5 17.2 15.7 14.9 15.3 15.8 13.8
L7 20.1 20.8 19.2 18.3 18.7 19.3 17.1
Figure 12. Equipment adapted for testing and to de- L8 23.2 23.1 21.6 20.9 21.2 21.7 20.0
termination of CBR values. L9 25.7 25.2 24.2 23.7 24.0 24.3 22.6
L10 27.8 26.9 26.3 26.0 26.2 26.4 25.0
L11 29.9 28.2 28.5 28.2 27.2 27.9 28.9
2.4 Efficiency of the test
Table 6. Penetration obtained in Cotia soil - SP - re-
To prove the efficiency of the test specimens, these gion 1
tropical soils were analyzed in the laboratory to verify Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam-
the discrepancy of the results. ple 1 ple 2 ple 3 ple 4 ple 5 ple 6 ple 7
Place (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
L0 6.0 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.1 4.5
L1 7.2 7.0 6.9 8.6 9.7 9.3 6.2
L2 8.3 7.6 7.4 11.0 12.0 12.4 7.2
3 RESULTS L3 9.5 8.3 8.1 14.1 14.2 14.7 7.9
L4 10.9 9.0 9.0 15.7 17.1 16.6 8.5
L5 12.3 10.1 10.0 16.6 20.0 20.0 9.1
The DCP test was performed in 10 points and the Hilf L6 13.1 11.0 10.9 17.5 22.4 23.8 9.4
cylinder was also drilled for undisturbed sample col- L7 15.4 12.4 11.8 18.4 24.5 26.4 10.0
L8 - - - - - - -
lection at these points. Tables 3 to 6 show the results L9 - - - - - - -
obtained during the execution of the DCP test in this L10 - - - - - - -
L11 - - - - - - -
section.
In Tables 7 to 10 are presented the data obtained in
Table 3. Penetration obtained in the soil of So Roque the section tests in the two locations (So Roque and
- SP (CAPT) - region 1 Cotia cities) in the four regions (3 in So Roque City
Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam-
Place ple 1 ple 2 ple 3 ple 4 ple 5 ple 6 ple 7
and 1 in Cotia City). It was used the correlation be-
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) tween DCP and CBR (Equation 1) and the results to
L0 4.3 5.2 5.3 6.5 4.8 4.5 5.9 show that the CBR are close to those obtained in the
L1 6.0 8.1 8.0 11.4 7.1 6.5 9.7 laboratory tests, as presented below.
L2 7.3 10.6 10.1 14.0 9.0 8.1 12.4
L3 9.1 13.0 12.5 16.4 11.1 10.1 14.8
L4 11.2 15.0 14.5 18.0 13.1 12.2 17.0
In tables 7 to 10 were used the following symbols:
L5 14.1 17.0 16.4 - 15.6 14.8 18.9 * CBR: value of DCP in the optimum moisture con-
L6 17.5 18.6 18.0 - 18.1 17.8 20.7 tent value laboratory molded specimen (deformed
L7 21.1 - - - 20.3 20.2 21.2 sample) using the correlation of ASTM.
L8 23.2 - - - 23.3 23.3 - D6951/D6951M-09;
L9 25.7 - - - 25.5 25.6 -
L10 27.8 - - - 27.7 27.8 -
** CBRV: DCP obtained in one of the topside of the
L11 31.8 - - - 31.6 31.7 - CBR test in the optimum moisture content value la-
boratory molded specimen (deformed sample), using
Table 4. Penetration obtained in the soil of So Roque the correlation of ASTM. D6951/D6951M-09;
- SP (CAPT) - region 2 CBRomc: Value of the CBR, obtained after 4 days of
Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- immersion, in in the optimum moisture content value
ple 1 ple 2 ple 3 ple 4 ple 5 ple 6 ple 7 laboratory molded specimen (deformed sample), us-
Place (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) ing the CBR press on the other topside of the speci-
L0 17.6 17.7 17.7 17.6 17.6 17.7 19.7 men used to DCP determination (** CBR);
L1 30.3 30.0 30.2 30.2 30.2 30.1 26.9
*** CBRH obtained in the undeformed sample of the
L2 35.4 35.6 35.5 37.5 36.5 36.5 31.2
L3 39.8 39.5 39.7 39.7 39.7 39.6 38.5
HILF test specimen (undeformed sample) in the field
L4 43.1 43.2 43.2 43.1 43.1 43.2 41.4 energy;
L5 47.0 47.1 47.1 43.0 45.0 45.1 44.1 CBRC is the calculated value of CBR, using the cor-
L6 50.5 50.6 50.6 50.5 50.5 50.6 46.8 relation presented in ASTM. D6951/D6951M-09, by
L7 54.3 54.4 54.4 54.3 54,3. 54.4 52.4 DCP obtained in field;
L8 58.7 58.9 58.8 58.8 58.8 58.8 56.6 SD = standard deviation;
L9 62.4 62.4 62.4 62.4 62.4 62.4 60.6 CV = coefficient of variation;
 4 655 3.9 517 4.4 3.8 26.3 4.8 7.5
5 770 3.7 608 4.6 2.9 35.0 5.3 5.4
6 500 4.0 394 4.5 3.7 37.7 4.9 5.0
Table 7. Results obtained in Region 01 of So Roque 7 830 4.2 655 4.5 3.3 14.3 3.7 14.9
in the deformed and undisturbed samples. Mean - 3.9 - 4.5 3.5 - 4.6 9.43
SO ROQUE - SP (CAPT) SD - 0.16 - 0.08 0.32 - 0.66 3.72
num- Region 1
bero- Deformedsample Undeformedsample CV - 4.1 - 1.69 9.22 - 14.3 39.44
fspe- DCP DCP DCP
ci- (mm/ *CB (mm/ **CBR CBRom (mm/ ***CBR CBR It is noteworthy that since points (1, 2,3 and 7)
mens blows R blows V (%) c (%) blows C (%) have (mm / blows) and the CBRC value correspond-
) (%) ) ) H (%)

1 122.2
2 15.0 96.43 15.9 14.0 28.91 7,0 6.7 ing CBR 9.2% to 14.9% are distant from the other
2 204.6 15.8 161.4 16.3 13.8 31.00 6.5 6.2 points, this should be discarded for generation of the
7 8
3 364.2 15.2 287.4 15.7 15.0 30.00 6.9 6.5
correlation that best corresponds to reality. In order to
8 2
use it, it would be necessary to fill in these empty in-
4 316.2 15.5 249.5 16,0 12.7 30.00 7,0 6.5
2 0 tervals with new results in the experimental section.
5 263.3 15.1 207.7 15.9 13.4 28.73 7.1 6.8
5 9 It can be noted that in the specimen (CBRomc) that
6 193.0
3 15.9 152.3
0 16.3 14.9 28.82 7.6 6.8 due to the DCP crimping at the top of the other side
7 209.0
3 16.0 164.9
3 16.0 14.0 30.29 6.8 6.4 to that used in the CBR piston penetration, the expan-
Mea - 15.5 - 16.0 14.0 - 7.0 6.5 sion results showed great variations, based on the ex-
n
SD - 0.41 - 0.22 0.81 - 0.33 0.22 pansion obtained in the characterization of the sam-
CV - 2.63 - 1.37 5.77 - 4.78 3.34
ple.
Table 8. Results obtained in Region 02 of So Roque The CBRomc presented a lower CBR value than the
in the deformed and undisturbed samples. *CBR. This was due to the perforation of the speci-
SO ROQUE - SP (CAPT) men because of the DCP test, which was carried out
num-
bero-
Region 2 before placing the specimens for 4 days of immersion
Deformedsample Undeformedsample
fspe- DCP and before the rupture.
cimen DCP ** CBR DCP ***
s
(mm/
blows *CBR (mm/ CBR omc (mm/ CBRH CBRC Among the several of mathematical models used
(%) blows) V (%) (%) blows) (%) (%)
) in Microsoft Excel software, it was verified that the
1 177.0 3.1 139.65 4.3 2.0 61.9 3.5 2.9
2 215.5 4.0 170.03 5.0 1.8 62.1 3.9 2.9
"power" model was the one that best fit the experi-
3 199.0 3.9 157.01 5.1 2.0 62.0 2.8 2.9 mental points. The equations of the CBR value and R
4 312.1 4.3 246.25 4.9 2.5 61.0 3.5 2.9 corresponding to the model are indicated in Table 11.
5 252.5 4.3 199.22 5.2 1.9 61.5 3.8 2.9
6 235.5 4.4 185.81 5.3 2.3 61.6 3.8 2.9
The equations 4 to 15, obtained by correlations are
7 215.8 4.5 170.23 4.9 2.5 60.4 3.7 3.0 presented.
Mean - 4.1 - 5.0 2.1 - 3.6 2.9 Due the high dispersion, the results highlighted in
SD - 0.48 - 0.33 0.3 - 0.37 0.05
CV - 11.76 - 6.57 13.4 - 10.44 1.57
red in the tables were not considered in the graphs and
in table 11, presented below.
Table 9. Results obtained in Region 03 of So Roque
in the deformed and undisturbed samples Table 11: Summary of the equations obtained in the
SO ROQUE - SP (CAPT) correlations
num- Region 3 EQUA CI REGI SPECI
ber deformed sample Undeformed sample SAMPLE CORRELATION R
TION TY ON MEN
of
DCP DCP ** CBR DCP *** 4 CP 1 CBR = 57.002 DCP (-0.261) * 0.8526
spec- deformed
(mm/ *CBR (mm/ CBRV omc (mm/ CBRH CBRC 5 1 CP 2 CBR = 63.796 DCP (-0.293) ** 0.9434
i- blows) (%) blows) (%) (%) blows) (%) (%)
SO ROQUE

6 undeformed - CBR = 7088.3 DCP (-2.037) *** 0.965

mens
7 CP 1 CBR = 0.2203 DCP (0.422) * 0.9617
1 455 8.3 359 8.0 7.7 26.5 7.7 7.4 deformed
8 2 CP 2 CBR = 0.239 DCP (0.4317) ** 0.9307
2 705 8.2 556 8.0 7.5 25.6 7.5 7.7
9 undeformed - CBR = 4E-16 DCP (8.9426) *** 0.976
3 560 8.0 442 7.9 7.5 25.9 7.3 7.6
10 CP 1 CBR = 9.3698 DCP (-0.033) * 0.8876
4 1390 7.7 1097 7.8 7.4 25.6 7.4 7.7 deformed
11 3 CP 2 CBR = 9.2975 DCP (-0.033) ** 0.8876
5 1005 7.9 793 7.8 7.5 24.7 7.7 8.0
6 1040 8.0 821 8.0 7.7 25.3 7.2 7.8 12 undeformed - CBR = 275.83 DCP (-1.116) *** 0.9989
COTIA

7 783 8.4 617 8.1 6.9 26.3 7.2 7.5 13 CP 1 CBR = 16.636 DCP (-0.24) * 0.9607
deformed
14 3 CP 2 CBR = 140.45 DCP (-0.604) ** 0.9644
Mean - 8.1 - 7.9 7.4 - 7.4 7.7
SD - 0.24 - 0.11 0.27 - 0.21 0.20 15 undeformed - CBR = 1.166 DCP (0.4277) *** 0.9852
CV - 3.0 - 1.43 3.62 - 2.87 2.58
It was molded (CP1) in the normal energy and the
Table 10. Results obtained in Region 01 of Cotia in DCP (mm / blows) was determined to determine the
the deformed and undisturbed samples. CBR in the optimum moisture content
COTIA - SP
num- Region 1
perD6951/ASTM D6951M-09.
ber of defprmed sample Undeformed sample ** It was molded (CP2) in the normal energy and at
speci- DCP DCP ** CBR DCP ***
(mm/ *CBR (mm/ CBRV omc (mm/ CBRH CBRC the top of the test body, on the opposite side to be car-
mens blows) (%) blows) (%) (%) blows) (%) (%)
1 475 4.0 375 4.5 3.3 22.0 5.3 9.2
ried out the penetration of the piston for the determi-
2 615 3.8 485 4.4 3.6 17.7 4.4 11.7 nation of the CBR, the DCP (mm / blows) was deter-
3 545 3.9 430 4.4 3.7 16.9 3.8 12.3 mined, before being immersed for determination of
Expansion value and the CBR in the optimum mois-
ture content V) per ASTMD6951/D6951M-09 e
ASTM D1883-16.
*** The HILF cylinder was pinned in the field in the
same region as the DCP (mm / blows) to determine
the (CBR C) per ASTM D6951/D6951M-09 e ASTM
D1883-16.
4 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
It should be noted that the undisturbed specimens
obtained by the Hilf cylinder drilled, after extraction,
were wrapped with paraffin to maintain the structure
and moisture field content of the, the compaction de-
gree, moisture condition and CBR value to perform
the correlations between sample molded in the labor-
atory, collected in the field, ruptured in the press and
tested in situ with the DCP.
It should be noted that the 10 specimens (undis-
turbed sample) obtained with a Hilf cylinder drill
were placed in a wet chamber until the laboratory
tests, to maintain the its moisture content.
The values obtained in the *CBR were close to
those of the **CBRv.
The values of **CBRv showed high dispersion be-
cause the specimen was shaken by the spike of the
DCP in one of its top and then placed 4 days in im-
mersion. To avoid this problem, it is recommended
that two specimens be molded in the optimum mois-
ture content, so that one of them is penetrated by the
DCP and in the other specimen will be done the ex-
pansion and CBR determination test.
For this reason, it was decided to disregard some
values in the correlations presented in table 11.
5 CONCLUSION
Analyzing the results obtained in the test it can be
noted that their performance was close to those esti-
mated by the correlation equation presented in the
standard ASTM D6951/D6951M-09, validating their
use for these soils.
The best correlation obtained for undeformed
specimens is presented in figure 13.
8
*CBRC (%) x CBRH
6 tion of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for
*CBRC
4
CBRC = 1,2388/CBRH1,7349
R = 0,9799
2 uid Limit. Plastic Limit. and Plasticity Index of
3 4 5 6 7 8
CBRH
*CBR C (%) ASTM D6951M-09 (DCP)
Figure 13. Correlation between the CBR in the spec-
imen obtained by the HILF specimen obtained in the
field (undeformed sample) and DCP, So Roque, Re-
gion 2
In this figure the values obtained in the determina-
tions with the Cotia soil were not considered, since
they had a high dispersion.
In the case of the comparison between the results
obtained in the sample molded in the laboratory and
the value of the DCP obtained in the field, the values
did not present a good correlation since the soil in situ
presented a degree of compaction smaller than the
one obtained in laboratory, since in the field the soil
was in the natural state. In this way, the correlation
obtained presented a low R2.
The authors intend to continue the research, in-
creasing the collection of results in order to better ad-
just the correlations for Brazilian soils.
6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are grateful to the JS GLOBAL Civil
Construction Consultancy laboratories and Paulista
University - UNIP for collaborating/executing tests of
this research, as well to the team that contributed a lot
to the development of this research, Almir Donizette
Vicente Gouva, Francisco Danilo Silvrio Caracas,
Dhiego de Oliveira Melo, Marcos Tiharu Takeda and
Roberta Mrcia F. dos Santos.
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