TRANSMISSION FUNDAMENTALS

ECE Board Exam April 2001

An SWR reading which has a short circuit termination.
Infinity

ECE Board Exam November 2000

In an open wire transmission line, what is the normal separation between its two (2) conductors?
2 to 6 cm

ECE Board Exam April 2000

Which of the following term is used to describe the attenuation and phase shift per unitlength of
a transmission line?
Propagation constant

ECE Board Exam November 1999

An indication in radio communication when the voltage standing wave ratio is equal to zero.
No input power

ECE Board Exam April 1999

Refers to a connector that normally connects RG-213 coaxial. cable to an HF transceiver.
PL-259

ECE Board Exam November 1998

Width of frequency band just enough to ensure the transmission of information at a required rate and
quality required, and under a specified condition and class of emission.
Necessary bandwidth

ECE Board Exam. April 1998

Best describe a dip meter.
A variable LC oscillator with metered feedback current

ECE Board Exam. April 1997

The standard test tone.
0 dBm

ECE Board April 1997

If voltage change is equal to twice its original value,. what is it corresponding change In dB?
6 dB

ECE Board Exam November 1996

Energy that has neither been-radiated into space,nor completely transmitted.
Standing waves

ECE Board Exam April 1997

To a couple a coaxial line, it is better to use a________
Balun

ECE Board Exam November 2000

What is the main reason,why coaxial cable is not used in microwe signal transmission?
High attenuation

ECE Board Exam April 1997

What is impedance of a balance 4-wire with a diameter of 0.25 spaced 2.5 cm apart using an
insulator with a dielectric constant of 2.56?
100 ohms
ECE Board April 2000
In wire communications, non-resonat transmission lines are referred to as __________
Flat lines

ECE Board Exam November 1999

An electronic equipment used in radio communications to measure standing wave ratio.
Reflectometer

ECE Board Exam April 1999

How does a shorted half-wave line act at a certain operating frequency?
Series resonant circuit

ECE Board Exam November 1998

Best choice of transmission line component to couple a coaxial line to a parallel-wire line.
Balun

ECE Board Exam April 1998

Referred to the dielectric constant of a transmission line material.
Velocity factor
ECE Board Exam April 1997
What is the characteristic impedance of a single wire with a diameter d=0.25 mm placed at the
center between grounded parallel planes separated by 1 mm apart? The wire is held by a material
with a velocity factor of 0.75?
75 ohms

ECE Board Exam March 1996

The power of standard test tone is normally ______
1mW

ECE Board Exam November 1996

Which tester is used to measure SWR?
Reflectometer

ECE Board Exam March 1996

The characteristic impedance of a transmission line does not depend upon its________
Length

ECE Board Exam April 2000

What is the input impedance equivalent of an open ended transmission line which islonger than a
quarter wavelength?
As pure inductor

ECE Board Exam November 1999

In the study of transmission cable, twin lead. is also referred to as a_________
ribbon cable

ECE Board Exam April 1999

The greater the diameter of a wire, the _________ is the resistance.
Lesser

ECE Board Exam November 1998

What determines the velocity factor in transmission line?
Dielectrics in the line

ECE Board Exam April 1998

Technical study which deals with production, transport and delivery of a quality signal from
source to destination
Transmission System Engineering

ECE Board Exam April 1997

If you have available number of power amplifiers with a gain of 100 each how many such
amplifiers do you need to cascade to give an overall gain of 60 dB?
3 amplifiers

ECE Board Exam March 1996

What :is the reference tone level for dBm?
-90dBm

ECB Board Exam April 2060

What is the term for the ratio of actual velocity at which a signal travels through a line to
the speed of light in a vacuum?
Velocity factor
ECE Board Exam November 1999
Referred to as a cause of crosstalk.
Electrical coupling between transmission media
ECE Board Exam November 1998
What is the meaning of the term velocity factor of a transmission line?
The velocity of the wave on the transmission line divided by the velocity of the light in a
vacuum

ECE Board Exam April 1998

It is used to connect computers in the same building or in same area.
LAN

ECE Board Exam April 1997

What do you call the energy that was not radiated into space or completely transmitted?
Standing waves

ECE Board Exam November 1996

What is the applied power if a thermal RF wattmeter is connected to
a transmitterthrough variable attenuator? The wattmeter reads 84 mW when 15 dB of
attenuation is used.
2.656 Watts

ECE Board Eaagl.March 1996

If the terminating impedance is exactly equal to the characteristic impedance of the transmission
line the return loss is ______
infinite

ECE Board Exam April 1997

A singie.q nductor running from the transmitter to the antenna.
Single line wire

ECE Board Exam November 1996

Ina transmission line if the maximum current to minimum current ratio is 2:1. what is the ratio of
the maximum voltage to minimum voltage?
2.1

ECE Board Exam March 1996

What is the main purpose of a communications system?
To provide an acceptable replica of the information at the destination

ECE Board Exam April 1997

__________ sets the limit on the maximum capacity of a channel with a gin noise level.
Shannon-Hartley theorem

ECE Board Exam November 1996

Which stands for dB relative level?
dBr

ECE Board Exam March 1996

To connect coaxial line to a parallel-wire, _______ is the best to use
Balun

ECE Board Exam November 1998

Which of the following determines the characteristics of a transmission line?
Physical dimensions

ECE Board Exam.April 1998

Which of the fotlowing is an impedance matching ratio of coax balun?
4:1

ECE Board Exam November 1997

An electronic equipment used to measure standing wave ratio.
Reflectometer

ECE Board Exam April 1997

What frequency does oxygen cause excessive attenuation?
60 GHz

ECE Board Exam November 1996

The standing wave ratio is equal to _________ if the load is properly matched with the transmission
line.
1

ECE Board Exam March 1996

Characteristic impedance of a transmission line is the impedance measured at the ____ when its
length is infinite.
Input

ECE Board Exam March 1996

What.quarterwave transformer will match a 100 ohms line to an antenna whose value is 175 ohms?
132.29 ohms

ECE Boardd Exam March 1996

When a transmission line uses ground return, it is called a/an __________ line.
Unbalanced

ECE Board Exam November 1996

Transmission lines when connected to antenna have
resistive load atthe resonant frequency

ECE Board Exam March 1996

Termination means
load connected to the output end of a transmission line

ECE Board Exam March 1996

Transmission lines are either balanced or unbalanced will respect to
ground

ECE Board Exam March 1996

What is the velocity factor for non-foam dielectric 50 or 75 ohms flexible coaxial cable such as
RG 8, 11, 58, and 59?
0.66

Board Exam November 1997

Propagation mode of microwave in a waveguide is known as _____
TE
Board Exam November 1998
A transmission line consisting of two conductors that have equal resistance per unitlength.
Balanced line

ECE Board Exam November 1966

What is the equivalent output of a circuit in dBm, if it has an output of 10 Watts?
40 dBm

ECE Board Exam March 1996

Power is always ___________
a definite amount of energy
the rate at which energy is used
expressed in watts

ECE Board Exam November 1998

Which of the following is not a common transmission line impedance?
A. 50 ohms
B. 120 ohms
C. 75 ohms
D. 650 ohms

ECE Board Exam November 1997

The Width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of
information of information at the rate and with the quality required under a specified condition
and class of emission.
Necessary bandwidth

ECE Board Exam November 1996

Transmission line must be matched to the load to
transfer maximum power to the load

ECE Board Exam November 1996

When electromagnetic waves are propagated through a waveguide, they
are reflected from the walls but do not travel along them

ECE Board Exam November 1997

Coaxial lines are used on those system operating
Below 2 GHz
ECE Board Exaru.November 1996
You are measuring a voice channel at a -4 dB test point level, the meter reads 73 dBm (pure test
tone) convert the reading into dBrnCO.
21 dBrnCO

ECE Board Exam November 1996

1 micron is equal to ___________ meter(s)
10^-6

ECE Board Exam November 1998

Best reason for pressurizing waveguides with dry air.
To reduce the possibility of internal arcing

ECE Board Exam November 1997

The outer conductor of a coaxial transmission line is always.grounded at the
input and output

ECE Board Exam November 1996

You are measuring noise in a voice channel at 7 dB test point level. The meter reads -56 dBm
(FIA weighted). What is the reading in dBrnC?
34 dBrnC

ECE Board Exam November 1998

What do you call the phenomenon in digital circuits that describe the duration of time digital
signal passes a circuit?
Propagation delay
OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION MEDIA

1)Uses light as a carrier of information.

Optical communications system

2)Electronic communications system is directly proportional to bandwidth.

Information-carrying capacity

3)Bandwidth of an analog communications system as a percentage of its carrier frequency.

bandwidth utilization ratio

4)Device constructed from mirrors and selenium detectors that transmitted sound waves
over a beam of light.
Photophone

5)Experimented with an apparatus called photophone.

Alexander Graham Bell

6)Used extensively in medical field.

Flexible fiberscope

7)Invented in 1960.
Laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)

8)Advantages of Optical Fiber cables.

1. wider bandwidth and greater information capacity
2.immunity to crosstalk
3. immunity to statistic interference
4. environmental immunity
5. safety and convenience
6. lower transmission loss
7. security
8. durability and reliability
9. economics

9)Disadvantages of Optical Fiber cables.

1. interfacing cost
2. strength
3. remote electrical power
4. optical fiber cables are
more susceptible to losses introduced by bending the cable
5. specialized tools, equipment, and training

10)Reduces the possibility of the occurrence of a detrimental phenomenon.

Stress corrosion

12)Protective coating.
Buffer jacket
14)Increases the tensile strength of the over all cable assembly.
Strength member

15)Process of decaying from one energy level to another energy level.

Spontaneous decay or spontaneous emission

16)Science of measuring only light waves that are visible to human eye.
Photometry

17)Measures the rate at which electromagnetic waves transfer light energy.

Optical power

18)Spectral separation of white light.

Prismatic refraction

19)Simply the ratio of velocity of propagation of a light ray in free space to the velocity of
propagation of a light ray in a given material.
Refractive index

20)Angle at which the propagating ray strikes the interface with respect to the normal.
Angle of incidence

21)Angle formed between the propagating ray and the normal after the ray has entered
the second medium.
Angle of refraction

22)Closely related to acceptance angle and is the figure of merit commonly used to
measure the magnitude of the acceptance angle.
Numerical aperture

23)Simply means path.

Mode

24)More than one path.

Multimode

26)Probably the most important characteristic of the cable.

Power loss

27)Three factors that contribute to the absorption losses in optical fibers:

1. ultra violet absorption
2. infrared absorption
3. ion resonance absorption

28)Caused mainly by small bends and kinks in the fiber.

Radiation losses

29)Caused by excessive pressure and tension and generally occur when fibers are bent
during handling or installation.
Contants-radius bends
30)Caused by the difference in the propagation times of light rays that take different path
down a fiber.
Modal dispersion

32)A p-n junction made from two different mixtures of the same types of atom.
Mojunction structure

33)Generally constructed of silicon-doped gallium-arsenide.

Epitaxially grown

34)Homojunction LEDs output approximately 500 at a wavelength of 900 nm.

Planar diffused

35) Advantages of heterojunction devices over homojunction devices;

1. increase in current density generates a more brilliant light spot.
2. smaller emitting area makes it easier to couple its emitted light into a fiber.
3. small effective area has a smaller capacitance, which allows the planar heterojunction
LED to be used at a higher speed.

36)Depletion-layer photo diode and is probably the most common device used as a light
detector in fiber optic communications system.
PIN diode

37)Characteristic of a light detector.

1. responsivity
2. dark currents
3. transit time
4. spectral response
5. light sensitivity
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