Coordinates:16.50N80.

64E

AndhraPradesh
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

AndhraPradesh(/ndrprd/)( pronunciation)isoneofthe29statesofIndia,situatedonthe
southeasterncoastofthecountry.ThestateistheeighthlargeststateinIndiacoveringanareaof AndhraPradesh

162,968km2(62,922sqmi).[4]Asper2011CensusofIndia,thestateistenthlargestbypopulationwith
49,386,799inhabitants. State

On2June2014,thenorthwesternportionofthestatewasbifurcatedtoformanewstateofTelangana.
AndhraPradesh'slongtimecapital,Hyderabad,wastransferredtoTelanganaaspartofthedivision.
However,inaccordancewiththeAndhraPradeshReorganisationAct,2014,Hyderabadwillremainthede
jurecapitalofbothAndhraPradeshandTelanganastatesforaperiodoftimenotexceeding10years.[5]The
newriverfrontproposedcapitalinGunturdistrictisAmaravati,whichisunderthejurisdictionof
Seal
APCRDA.[6]TheGrossStateDomesticProduct(GSDP)ofthestateinthe20162017financialyearat
currentpricesstoodat6,800.3billion(US$100billion).[7]

Thestatehasacoastlineof974km(605mi)withjurisdictionovernearly15,000km2territorialwaters,the
secondlongestamongallthestatesofIndiaafterGujarat.[4][8]ItisborderedbyTelanganainthenorthwest,
Chhattisgarhinthenorth,Odishainthenortheast,Karnatakainthewest,TamilNaduinthesouthandthe
waterbodyofBayofBengalintheeast.Asmallenclaveof30km2(12sqmi)ofYanam,adistrictof
Puducherry,liessouthofKakinadaintheGodavarideltatotheeastofthestate.[9]

AndhraPradeshiscomposedoftworegions:CoastalAndhra,locatedalongtheBayofBengal,and
Rayalaseema,intheinlandsouthwesternpartofthestate.[10]Thesetworegionscomprise13districts,with9
inCoastalAndhraand4inRayalaseema.Visakhapatnam,locatedontheBayofBengalinNorthCoastal
AndhraisthelargestcityandcommercialhubofthestatewithaGDPof$26billion,followedinpopulation
andGDPbyVijayawada,whichislocatedontheKrishnaRiverandwhichhasaGDPof$3billionasof
2010.[11][12]
LocationofAndhraPradeshinIndia
AndhraPradeshhosted121.8millionvisitorsin2015,a30%growthintouristarrivalsovertheprevious Coordinates:16.50N80.64E
year.[13]TheTirumalaVenkateswaraTempleinTirupatiisoneoftheworld'smostvisitedreligioussites, Country India
with18.25millionvisitorsperyear.[14]OtherpilgrimagecentersinAndhraPradeshincludetheAmeenPeer
Formation 1October1953(carvedoutof
MadrasStateasAndhraState)
1November1956(first
DargahinKadapa,theMahachaityaatAmaravathi,andtheKanakaDurgaTempleinVijayawada,whilethe establishedincludingTelangana)
state'snaturalattractionsincludethebeachesofVisakhapatnam,hillstationssuchastheArakuValleyand 2June2014(reorganised
HorsleyHills,andtheislandofKonaseemaintheGodavariRiverdelta. excludingTelangana)[1]
Capitalcity Amaravati[2](defacto)
Hyderabad(dejure)
Contents Largestcity Visakhapatnam
Districts 13
1 History Government
1.1 Earlyhistory Body GovernmentofAndhraPradesh
1.1.1 Satavahanaempire Governor E.S.L.Narasimhan
1.1.2 Ikshvakus ChiefMinister N.ChandrababuNaidu(TDP)
1.1.3 Pallavas Legislature Bicameral(175+58seats)
1.1.4 Vishnukundinas Loksabha 25
1.1.5 Salankayanas constituencies
1.1.6 EasternChalukyas HighCourt HighCourtofJudicatureat
1.1.7 Choladynasty Hyderabad
1.1.8 Reddydynasty
1.1.9 VijayanagaraEmpire Area
1.2 Modernhistory Total 162,968km2(62,922sqmi)
1.3 Postindependence Arearank 8th
1.4 AndhraPradeshReorganisationAct,2014
2 Geography Population(2011)[3]
2.1 Naturalvegetation Total 49,386,799
2.2 Climate Rank 10th
3 Demographics Density 308/km2(800/sqmi)
3.1 Languages
Timezone IST(UTC+05:30GMT)
3.2 Religions
4 Administrativedivisions UN/LOCODE AP
5 Governmentandpolitics Vehicle AP
6 Economy registration
6.1 Agriculture Literacyrate 67.41
6.2 Industrialsector Officiallanguage Telugu
6.3 Resources Coastline 974kilometres(605mi)
7 Culture
7.1 Arts,craftsandartefacts GSDP 5.2lakhcrore(US$77billion)
7.2 Literature GSDPpercapita
7.3 Danceformsandfestivals 104,000(US$1,500)
7.4 Telugucinema Growthrate=10.99%
 7.5 Cuisine Website APStatePortal(http://www.ap.g
8 Tourism ov.in/)
9 Transport
9.1 Roads ^TheAndhraPradeshReorganisationAct,2014statesthatHyderabadis
9.2 Railways jointcapitalofbothTelanganaandAndhraPradeshstatesforaperiodof
timenotexceeding10years.Anewcapitalisplannedtobedeveloped
9.3 Airports
betweenGunturandVijaywada.
9.4 Seaports
10 Educationandresearch
11 Sports SymbolsofAndhraPradesh
12 Seealso Emblem Poornakumbham
13 References Language Telugu
14 Externallinks
Song MaaTeluguTalliki
Dance Kuchipudi
History
AtribenamedAndhrahasbeenmentionedintheSanskrittextssuchasAitareyaBrahmana(800500BCE).
AccordingtoAitareyaBrahmanaoftheRigVeda,theAndhrasleftnorthIndiaandsettledinsouth
Animal Blackbuck
India.[15][16][17]

Earlyhistory
Bird Indianroller
ArchaeologicalevidencefromplacessuchasAmaravati,DharanikotaandVaddamanusuggeststhatthe
AndhraregionwaspartoftheMauryanEmpire.Amaravatimighthavebeenaregionalcentreforthe Flower BlueWaterLilly
Mauryanrule.AfterthedeathofemperorAshoka,theMauryanruleweakenedaround200BCE,andwas
replacedbyseveralsmallkingshipsintheAndhraregion.[18]
Fruit Mango
Satavahanaempire

TheSatavahanadynastydominatedtheDeccanregionfromthe1stcenturyBCEtothe3rdcenturyCE.[19] Tree Neem

TheSatavahanashavebeenmentionedbythenames"Andhra","Andhrarajatiya"and"Andhrabhrtya"in
thePuranicliterature.[20][21]Satavahanasdonotrefertothemselvesas"Andhra"inanyoftheircoinsor
River Godavari,Krishna,Pennaand
inscriptionsitcouldbepossiblethattheyweretermedas"Andhras"becauseoftheirethnicityorbecause
Tungabhadra
theirterritoryincludedtheAndhraregion.[22] Sport Kabaddi
DharanikotaalongwithAmaravathiwasthecapitalofthelaterSatavahanas.[23]Amaravathibecameamajor
tradeandpilgrimagecentreduringtheSatavahanarule.AccordingtotheBuddhisttradition,Nagarjunalivedhere,possiblyin
secondandthirdcenturiesCE.[24]

Ikshvakus

AndhraIkshvakuswereoneoftheearliestrecordedrulingdynastiesoftheGunturKrishnaregionsofAndhraPradesh.Theyruled
theeasternAndhracountryalongtheKrishnariverduringthelaterhalfofthesecondcenturyCE.PuranascalledAndhra
IkshvakusShriParvatiyaAndhras.[25][26]TheircapitalwasVijayapuri(Nagarjunakonda).Itisastrongcommonbeliefamong
somehistoriansthatAndhraIkshvakuswererelatedtothemythologicalIkshvakus,whilesomebelieveAndhraIkshvakusseemto
bealocaltribewhoadoptedthetitle.[25][27]

ArchaeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheAndhraIkshvakusimmediatelysucceededtheSatavahanasintheKrishnariver
valley.IkshvakushaveleftinscriptionsatNagarjunakonda,Jaggayyapeta,AmaravatiandBhattiprolu.[25]

Pallavas

MostofthePallavaPrakritandSanskritchartersfromthesouthernAndhracountryintimatelyconnectsthemwiththehistoryof
southernAndhra.TheinfluenceofthePallavaswasstillfeltbyAndhratillitwassweptbytheWesternChalukyaninvasionledby
PulakesinIIinthefirstquarteroftheseventhcenturyAD.ThePallavaswerenotarecognisedpoliticalpowerbeforethe2nd TeluguThalli
centuryAD.PallavaswereoriginallyexecutiveofficersundertheSatavahanakings.[28]

Vishnukundinas

SincethefalloftheIkshvakus,theVishnukundinaswerethefirstgreatdynasty,whichheldswaywayovertheentireAndhracountryincludingKalingaandparts
ofTelanganaandplayedanimportantandimperialroleinthehistoryofDeccanduringthefifthandsixthcenturyAD.Theyhadthreeimportantcities,nearEluru,
AmaravatiandPuranisangam.[29]

Salankayanas

TheSalankayanaswereanancientdynastythatruledtheAndhraregionbetweenGodavariandKrishnawiththeircapitalasVengi,modernPedavegi12kmfrom
EluruinWestGodavaridistrictofAndhraPradesh,India'sfrom300to440AD.TheywereBrahminsandtheirnameisderivedfromtheirsymbolandgotraname,
whichstoodforNandi(thebullofShiva).[30]

EasternChalukyas
EasternChalukyas,orChalukyasofVengi,wereaSouthIndiandynastywhosekingdomwaslocatedinthepresentdayAndhraPradesh.TheircapitalwasVengi
nearEluruandtheirdynastylastedforaround500yearsfromthe7thcenturyuntilc.1130C.E.whentheVengikingdommergedwiththeCholaempire.The
VengikingdomwascontinuedtoberuledbyEasternChalukyankingsundertheprotectionoftheCholaempireuntil1189C.E.,whenthekingdomsuccumbedto
theHoysalasandtheYadavas.TheyhadtheircapitaloriginallyatVenginearEluruoftheWestGodavaridistrictendlaterchangedtoRajamahendravaram
(Rajamundry).[31]

Choladynasty

TherootsoftheTelugulanguagehavebeenseenoninscriptionsfoundneartheGunturdistrictandfromothersdatingtotheruleofRenatiCholasinthefifth
centuryCE.[32][33]

Reddydynasty

TheReddydynasty(13251448CE)[34][35][36]wasestablishedinpresentdaycoastalAndhraPradeshbyProlayaVema
Reddiintheearlyfourteenthcentury.Theregionthatwasruledbythisdynastyspannedpresentdaycoastalandhrafrom
VisakhapatnaminthenorthtoKanchipuraminthesouth.ProlayaVemaReddiwaspartoftheconfederationofstatesthat
startedamovementagainsttheinvadingTurkicMuslimarmiesoftheDelhiSultanatein1323CEandsucceededin
repulsingthemfromWarangal.[37]TodayReddysisasocialgrouporcasteofIndia,predominantlyinhabitingthestatesof
AndhraPradeshandTelangana.

KondaveeduFortwasconstructedbyProlayaVemaReddy.LateritwasruledbytheReddydynastybetween1328and
1428andthentakenoverbyGajpathisofOrissalaterravagedbytheMuslimrulersoftheBahmanikingdom(1458).The
VijayanagaraemperorKrishnadevarayacaptureditin1516.TheGolcondaSultansfoughtforthefortin1531,1536and TheGopinathaswamiTemplenear
1579,andSultanQuliQutbShahfinallycaptureditin1579,renamingitMurtuzanagar.[38][39][40]Effortsareinprogressto KondaveeduFort
classifyKondaveeduFortasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.[41][42]

VijayanagaraEmpire

TheVijayanagaraEmpirewasanempireoriginatedSouthIndia,intheDeccanPlateauregionintheearlyfourteenthcentury.Itwasestablishedin1336by
HariharaRayaIandhisbrotherBukkaRayaIofSangamaDynasty.[43][44][45]Theempirerosetoprominenceasaculminationofattemptsbythesouthernpowers
towardoffIslamicinvasionsbytheendofthethirteenthcentury.[46][47]Itlasteduntil1646althoughitspowerdeclinedafteramajormilitarydefeatin1565tothe
Deccansultanates.TheempireisnamedafteritscapitalcityofVijayanagara,whoseruinssurroundpresentdayHampi,nowaWorldHeritageSiteinKarnataka,
India.[48]
Theempire'spatronageenabledfineartsandliteraturetoreachnewheightsinKannada,Telugu,TamilandSanskrit,while
Carnaticmusicevolvedintoitscurrentform.TheVijayanagaraEmpirecreatedanepochinSouthIndianhistorythat
transcendedregionalismbypromotingHinduismasaunifyingfactor.[49]

Modernhistory

Inspiredbytheirsuccess,theVijayanagaraEmpire,oneofthegreatestempiresinthehistoryofAndhraPradeshandIndia,
wasfoundedbyHariharaandBukka,whoservedastreasuryofficersoftheKakatiyasofWarangal.[50]In1347CE,an
independentMuslimstate,theBahmaniSultanate,wasestablishedinsouthIndiabyAlaudDinBahmanShahinarevolt
ThesignatureLepakshiNandiBull
againsttheDelhiSultanate.TheQutbShahidynastyheldswayovertheAndhracountryforabouttwohundredyearsfrom
theearlypartofthesixteenthcenturytotheendoftheseventeenthcentury.[51]

Intheearly19thcentury,NorthernCircarswascededanditbecamepartoftheBritishEastIndiacompanyheldMadras
Presidency.EventuallythisregionemergedastheCoastalAndhraregion.LatertheNizamrulersofHyderabadcededfive
territoriestotheBritishwhicheventuallyemergedasRayalaseemaregion.TheNizamsretainedcontroloftheinterior
provincesastheprincelystateofHyderabad,acknowledgingBritishruleinreturnforlocalautonomy.However,Komaram
Bheem,atriballeader,startedhisfightagainsttheerstwhileAsafJahiDynastyfortheliberationofHyderabadState.[52]
Meanwhile,theFrenchoccupiedYanam,intheGodavaridelta,and(saveforperiodsofBritishcontrol)wouldholdituntil
1954.In1947VizianagaramwasthelargestHinduPrincelystateinAndhraPradesh.

IndiabecameindependentfromtheUnitedKingdomin1947.TheNizamwantedtoretaintheindependenceofthePrincely RajmahalofChandragiriFort
HyderabadStatefromIndia,butthepeopleoftheregionlaunchedamovementtojointheIndianUnion.Thestateof
HyderabadwasforciblyjoinedtotheRepublicofIndiawithOperationPoloin1948.[53]

Postindependence

InanefforttogainanindependentstatebasedonlinguisticdifferencesandtoprotecttheinterestsoftheTeluguspeakingpeopleofMadrasState,PottiSreeramulu
fasteduntildeathin1952.AsMadrasbecameaboneofcontention,in1949aJVPcommitteereportstated"AndhraProvincecouldbeformedprovidedthe
AndhrasgiveuptheirclaimonthecityofMadras(nowChennai)".AfterPottiSreeramulu'sdeath,theTeluguspeakingareas,i.e.AndhraState,wascarvedoutof
MadrasStateon1October1953,withKurnoolasitscapitalcity.[54]

Onthebasisofagentlemen'sagreementof1November1956,theStatesReorganisationActformedAndhraPradeshbymergingAndhraStatewiththeTelugu
speakingareasofthealreadyexistingHyderabadState.[55]Hyderabadwasmadethecapitalofthenewstate.TheMarathispeakingareasofHyderabadState
mergedwithBombayStateandtheKannadaspeakingareasweremergedwithMysoreState.

AndhraPradeshReorganisationAct,2014
InFebruary2014,theAndhraPradeshReorganisationAct,2014billwaspassedbytheParliamentofIndiafortheformationofTelanganastatecomprisingten
districts.Hyderabadwillremainasajointcapitalfor10yearsforbothAndhraPradeshandTelangana.[5]ThenewstateofTelanganacameintoexistenceon2
June2014afterapprovalfromthePresidentofIndia.[56]TheformationofanewstatenamedTelanganafromAndhraPradeshisnotconsideredanamendmentto
theConstitutionofIndiaperarticle3and4ofthatdocument.[57]

AspertheamendmenttoAndhraPradeshReorganisationAct,2014,7mandalsfromKhammamdistrictofTelanganahavebeentransferredtoAndhraPradesh.
FourmandalsfromBhadrachalamrevenuedivisionnamely,Chinturu,Kunavaram,Vararamachandrapuram,Bhadrachalam(excludingtheBhadrachalamtown)
weretransferredtoEastGodavaridistrict.Threemandalsnamely,Kukunoor,VelerupaduandBurgampadu(except12villagesnamely,Pinapaka,Morampalli,
Banjara,Burgampadu,Naginiprolu,Krishnasagar,Tekulapalli,Sarapaka,Iravendi,Motepattinagar,Uppusaka,NakiripetaandSompalli)ofPalvancharevenue
divisioninKhammamdistricthavebeenaddedtoWestGodavaridistrict.[58][59]NumberofpetitionsquestioningthevalidityofAndhraPradeshReorganisation
Act,2014arelongpendingforverdictsinceApril,2014beforetheSupremecourtconstitutionalbench.[60]

Geography
Geographically,AndhraPradeshhasvariedtopographyrangingfromthehillsofEasternGhatsandNallamalaHillstothe
shoresofBayofBengalthatsupportsvariedecosystems,richdiversityoffloraandfauna.Therearetwomainrivers
namely,KrishnaandGodavari,thatflowthroughthestate.ThestatehastworegionsCoastalAndhraandRayalaseema.[61]
TheplainstotheeastofEasternGhatsformtheEasterncoastalplains.Thecoastalplainsareforthemostpartofdelta
regionsformedbytheGodavari,Krishna,andPennarivers.TheEasternGhatsarediscontinuousandindividualsections
havelocalnames.TheEasternGhatsareamajordividinglineinthestate'sgeography.TheKadapaBasin[62]formedby
twoarchingbranchesoftheEasternGhatsisamineralricharea.TheGhatsbecomemorepronouncedtowardsthesouth
andextremenorthofthecoast.Mostofthecoastalplainsareputtointenseagriculturaluse.TheRayalaseemaregionhas
semiaridconditions.Lambasingi(orLammasingi),avillageintheChintapalliMandalofVisakhapatnamdistrictis
situatedat1000metersabovethesealevel.ItistheonlyplaceinSouthIndiawhichhassnowfallandisalsonicknamedas
KashmirofAndhraPradesh.Throughouttheyearthetemperaturehererangesfrom0Cto10C.[63][64] AndhraPradeshTopoMap

Naturalvegetation

AndhraPradeshForestDepartmentdealswithprotection,conservationandmanagementofforests.Thetotalforestcoverofthestateafterthebifurcationisleft
withanareaof22,862km2.[65]Theforestinthestatecanbebroadlydividedintofourmajorbioticprovinces.[66]Theyare:

1.DeccanPlateau
2.CentralPlateau
3.EasternHighland
4.EastCoastalPlains
EasternGhatsregionishometodensetropicalforests,whilethevegetationbecomessparseastheGhatsgivewaytothe
DeccanPlateau,whereshrubvegetationismorecommon.TheseGhatshaverichbiologicaldiversitywithawidevarietyof
plants,birdsandlesserformsofanimallife.Thevegetationfoundinthestateislargelyofdrydeciduoustypeswitha
mixtureofteak,Terminalia,Dalbergia,Pterocarpus,Anogeissus,etc.Thestatepossessessomerareandendemicplants
likeCycasbeddomei,Pterocarpussantalinus,Terminaliapallida,Syzygiumalternifolium,Shoreatalura,Shorea
tumburgia,Psilotumnudum,etc.[66]

Thediversityoffaunaincludestigers,panthers,hyenas,blackbucks,cheetals,sambars,seaturtlesandanumberofbirds
andreptiles.TheestuariesofriverGodavariandKrishnasupportrichmangroveforestswithfishingcatsandottersas
keystonespecies.[66]

Climate
MapofAndhraPradesh
TheclimateofAndhraPradeshvariesconsiderably,dependingonthegeographicalregion.Monsoonsplayamajorrolein
determiningtheclimateofthestate.SummerslastfromMarchtoJune.Inthecoastalplain,thesummertemperaturesare
generallyhigherthantherestofthestate,withtemperaturerangingbetween20Cand41C.

JulytoSeptemberistheseasonfortropicalrainsinAndhraPradesh.Thestatereceivesheavyrainfallfromthesouthwest
monsoonduringthesemonths.AboutonethirdofthetotalrainfallinAndhraPradeshisbroughtbythenortheastmonsoon.
OctoberandNovemberseelowpressuresystemsandtropicalcyclonesformintheBayofBengalwhich,alongwiththe
northeastmonsoon,bringrainstothesouthernandcoastalregionsofthestate.November,December,January,and
FebruaryarethewintermonthsinAndhraPradesh.Sincethestatehasalongcoastalbeltthewintersarenotverycold.The
rangeofwintertemperatureisgenerally12Cto30C.[67]
KrishnaRiveratSrisailam
Demographics
Asof2011CensusofIndia,thestatehadapopulationof49,386,799withapopulationdensityof308/km2(800/sqmi).Thetotalpopulationconstitute,70.4%of
ruralpopulationwith34,776,389inhabitantsand29.6%ofurbanpopulationwith14,610,410inhabitants.Childrenintheagegroupof06yearsare5,222,384,
constituting10.6%ofthetotalpopulation,amongthem2,686,453areboysand2,535,931aregirls.Visakhapatnamdistricthasthelargesturbanpopulationof
47.5%andSrikakulamdistrictwith83.8%,hasthelargestruralpopulation,amongothersdistrictsinthestate.Theoverallpopulationofthestatecomprises17.1%
ofScheduledCasteand5.3%ofScheduledTribepopulation.[4]

Thereare24,738,068maleand24,648,731femalecitizensasexratioof996femalesper1000males,higherthanthenationalaverageof926per1000.The
literacyrateofthestatestandsat67.41%.WestGodavaridistricthasthehighestliteracyrateof74.6%andVizianagaramdistricthastheleastwith58.9%.[3][68]
AndhraPradeshrankstenthofallIndianStatesintheHumanDevelopmentIndexscores[70]withascoreof0.416.The
NationalCouncilofAppliedEconomicResearchdistrictanalysisin2001revealsthatKrishna,WestGodavariandChittoor
arethethreedistrictsinruralAPwiththehighestHumanDevelopmentIndexscoresinascendingorder.

Languages

TheofficiallanguageofAndhraPradeshisTelugu.[71]TheMinisterofTourismandCulturehasissuedadeclarationofthe
TelugulanguageasaClassicalLanguage.[72]

Religions KambalakondaWildlifeSanctuary,
Visakhapatnam
MajorityofthepeopleinAndhraPradeshareHinduswhileMuslimsconstituteasizeableminority.Accordingtothe2011
census,themajorreligiousgroupsinthestateareHindus(90.93%)andMuslims(7.35%).Christians,Buddhists,Sikhs,Jains&the PopulationTrend
peoplewhodeclinedtostatetheirreligionmakeuptheremainingportionofpopulation.[69][73] Census Pop. %

Hinduism 1961 35,983,000

1971 43,503,000 20.9%
AndhraPradeshishometoShankaracharyaofPushpagiriPeetham.OtherHindusaintsincludeSadasivaBrahmendra,Bhaktha 1981 53,550,000 23.1%
Kannappa,YogiVemana,YogiSriPotuluriVirabrahmendraSwami.[74] 1991 66,508,000 24.2%
MahayanaBuddhism 2001 75,727,000 13.9%
2011 84,665,533 11.8%
BuddhismspreadtoAndhraPradeshearlyinitshistory.TheKrishnaRivervalleywas"asiteofextraordinaryBuddhistactivityfor IncludesTelangana.
almostathousandyears."[75]TheancientBuddhistsitesinthelowerKrishnaValley,includingAmaravati,Nagarjunakondaand
Source:CensusofIndia[3]
Jaggayyapeta"canbetracedtoatleastthethirdcenturyBCE,ifnotearlier."[76]

TheregionplayedacentralroleinthedevelopmentofMahayanabuddhism,alongwiththeMagadhaareainnortheastern
India.[77][78]A.K.Warderholdsthat"theMahynaoriginatedinthesouthofIndiaandalmostcertainlyintheAndhra
country."[79]AccordingtoXing,"SeveralscholarshavesuggestedthatthePrajnaparamitaprobablydevelopedamongthe
MahasamghikasinSouthernIndiaprobablyintheAndhracountry,ontheKrishnaRiver."[80]ThePrajpramitSutras
Visakhapatnamisthemostpopulous
belongtotheearliestMahayanaSutras.[81][82] cityinAndhraPradesh,andthe15th
largestcityinIndia
Administrativedivisions
ReligioninAndhraPradesh[69]
Regions: Religion Percent
Hitherto,itcomprisedtworegions:NorthernCircarsandCededdistricts.Now,thestatecomprisestworegions: Hinduism 90.93%
Islam 7.35%
Kosta Others 1.72%
Rayalaseema

Districts:

Ithasatotalof13districts,nineinKostaandfourinRayalaseema.

Anantapur Krishna Visakhapatnam

Chittoor Kurnool Vizianagaram
EastGodavari Prakasam WestGodavari[83]
Guntur Nellore
Kadapa Srikakulam
SrikalahastiTemple
Revenuedivisions:

These13districtsarefurtherdividedinto50revenuedivisionsThereareasmanyas7revenuedivisionsinEastGodavaridistrict
andonly2inVizianagaramdistrict.[4][84]

Mandals:

The50revenuedivisionsareinturndividedinto670mandals.Chittoordistricthasthemostnumberofmandalswith66and
Vizianagaramdistricthastheleastwith34.[85]

Cities:

Thereareatotalof31citieswhichinclude,16municipalcorporationsand14municipalities.Therearetwomillionpluscities
namely,VisakhapatnamandVijayawada.
ChristLutheranChurch,
Narsapur
Governmentandpolitics
LegislativeAssemblyofAndhraPradeshisthelowerhouseofthestateandlegislativecouncilofandhrapradeshistheupperhouse.with58members.Inthe
ParliamentofIndia,AndhraPradeshhas11seatsintheRajyaSabha,and25seatsintheLokSabha.[86]Thereareatotalof175Assemblyconstituenciesinthe
state.EastGodavaridistricthasthemostnumberofconstituencieswith19andVizianagaramdistricthastheleastwith9assemblyseats.[87]Whereas,the
legislativecouncilofthestatehas58seats,whichisonethirdoftotalassemblyseats.[88]
Until1962,theCPI,alongwithsocialistpartiesnamelyPrajaSocialistPartyandKrishiLokPartyplayedanimportantrole
inthe1950s.Inthe1967stateassemblyelections,allsocialistpartieswereeliminatedandCPIlostoppositionpartystatus.
ThefirstChiefMinisterofAndhraPradeshwasNeelamSanjivaReddywholaterservedasPresidentofIndia.[89][90]

In1983,theTeluguDesamParty(TDP)wonthestateelectionsandN.T.RamaRaobecamethechiefministerofthestate
forthefirsttime.ThisbrokethelongtimesinglepartymonopolyenjoyedbytheINCfrom1956until1982.Nandamuri
TarakaRamaRaoisthefounderofTeluguDesampartyandservedasthefirstchiefministerfromtheparty.The1989
electionsendedtheruleofNTR,withtheINCpartyreturningtopowerwithMarriChennaReddyatthehelm.Hewas
replacedbyJanardhanReddyin1990,whowasreplacedbyKotlaVijayaBhaskaraReddyin1992.
RockcutBuddhastatueat
N.ChandrababuNaiduheldtherecordforthelongestservingchiefminister(1995to2004).[91]In1994,AndhraPradesh BojjannakondanearAnakapalle,
gaveamandatetotheTeluguDesamPartyagain,andNTRbecamethechiefministeragain.NaraChandrababuNaidu,the Visakhapatnam
soninlawofNTR,cametopowerwiththebackingofamajorityoftheMLAs.TheTeluguDesamPartywonboththe
assemblyandLokSabhaelectionin1999undertheleadershipofChandrababuNaidu.

Inwhatwouldbethelastelectionsheldintheunifiedstate,TeluguDesamPartygotamandateintheirfavourinthe
residuary(new)state.NaraChandrababuNaidu,thechiefofTeluguDesamPartybecameChiefMinisteron8June2014,
forthenewstateofAndhraPradesh.[92]

Economy
AndhraPradeshwasrankedeighthamongotherIndianstatesintermsofGSDPforthefinancialyear20142015.The
GSDPatcurrentpriceswas 5200.3billionandatconstantpriceswas 2645.21billion.[93]Thedomesticproductof DistrictCourt,Guntur
agriculturesectoraccountsfor545.99billion(US$8.1billion)andIndustrialsectorfor507.45billion(US$7.5billion).
TheservicesectorofthestateaccountsmorepercentageoftheGSDPwithatotalof1,305.87billion(US$19billion).[94]
Inthe2010listbyForbesmagazine,therewereseveralfromAndhraPradeshamongthetop100richestIndians.[95]

Agriculture

AndhraPradesheconomyismainlybasedonagricultureandlivestock.FourimportantriversofIndia,theGodavari,
Krishna,Penna,andThungabhadraflowthroughthestateandprovideirrigation.60percentofpopulationisengagedin
agricultureandrelatedactivities.Riceisthemajorfoodcropandstaplefoodofthestate.Itisanexporterofmany
KadapadistrictCollectorateComplex
agriculturalproductsandisalsoknownas"RiceBowlofIndia".[96][97]ThestatehasthreeAgriculturalEconomicZonesin
Chittoordistrictformangopulpandvegetables,Krishnadistrictformangoes,Gunturdistrictforchilies.[98]
Besidesrice,farmersalsogrowjowar,bajra,maize,minormillet,coarsegrain,manyvarietiesofpulses,oilseeds,
sugarcane,cotton,chilipepper,mangonutsandtobacco.Cropsusedforvegetableoilproductionsuchassunflowerand
peanutsarepopular.Therearemanymultistateirrigationprojectsunderdevelopment,includingGodavariRiverBasin
IrrigationProjectsandNagarjunaSagarDam.[99]

Livestockandpoultryisalsoanotherprofitablebusiness,whichinvolvesrearingcattleinenclosedareasforcommercial
purposes.Thestateisalsoalargestproducerofeggsinthecountryandhence,itisnicknamedas"EggBowlof
Asia".[100][101]
Visakhapatnamisanimportant
Fisheriescontribute10%oftotalfishandover70%oftheshrimpproduction[102]ofIndia.Thegeographicallocationofthe commercialhubofthestate
stateallowsmarinefishingaswellasinlandfishproduction.ThemostexportedmarineexportsincludeVannamei
shrimp[103]andareexpectedtocross$1billionin20132014.[104]

Industrialsector

TheindustrialsectorofthestateincludessomeofthekeysectorslikePharma,Automobile,Textilesetc.Sricitylocatedin
ChittoordistrictisanintegratedbusinesscitywhichishometomanyrenownedfirmslikePepsiCo,IsuzuMotors,Cadbury
India,Kellogg's,ColgatePalmolive,Kobelcoetc.[105]ThePepsiCofirmhasitslargestplantinIndiaatSriCity.[106]

Thestateisalsoemergingininformationtechnologyandbiotechnology.TheIT/ITESrevenuesofVisakhapatnamisat
14.45billion(US$210million)in20122013.ThedevelopmentofITinTierIIandTierIIIcitieslikeVijayawada,
VisakhapatnamSkyline,overlooking
KakinadaandTirupatiisalsoimproving.Inthefiscalyear20122013,Vijayawada'sIT/ITeSrevenueswere1,153million
seaport
(US$17million)crore.Tirupatiwith693million(US$10million)andKakinadawith615million(US$9.1million)stand
next.[107]Forthebenefitofstatei.e.,AfterseparatingTelanganafromandhra,peopleofandhraprotestedforspecialstatus
duringthemonthofJanuaryin2017

Resources

AndhraPradeshisoneofthestorehousesofmineralresourcesinIndia.AndhraPradeshwithvariedgeologicalformations,
containrichandvarietyofindustrialmineralsandbuildingstones.[108]

AndhraPradeshislistedtopinthedepositandproductionofmicainIndia.Mineralsfoundinthestateincludelimestone,
reservesofoilandnaturalgas,manganese,asbestos,ironore,ballclay,fireclay,golddiamonds,graphite,dolomite,quartz,
tungsten,steatitic,feldspar,silicasand.IthasaboutonethirdofIndia'slimestonereservesandisknownforlargeexclusive LushgreenfarmsinKonaseema,East
Godavari
depositsofbarytesandgalaxygraniteintheinternationalmarket.[108]
Mining

Miningisidentifiedasoneofthegrowthenginesfortheoveralldevelopmentofindustryandinfrastructure.The
TummalapalleUraniummineinAndhrahasconfirmed49,000tonnesoforeandthereareindicationsthatitcouldhold
reservestotallingthreetimesitscurrentsize.700milliontonnesofmetalgradeBauxitedepositsinproximityto
VisakhapatnamPort.

RelianceIndustriesLimitedstruckninetrillioncubicfeetofgasreservesintheKGbasin,150km(93mi)offtheAndhra
PradeshcoastnearKakinada.DiscoveryoflargequantityofnaturalgasinKGBasinisexpectedtoproviderapideconomic
growth.[109]Duringtheyear2016,nearly134trillioncubicfeetofmethanehydratedepositswereexploredinKGbasin
TechMahindraDevelopmentCentre,
whoseextractionisadequatetoimpartenergysecurityformanydecadestoIndia.[110] Visakhapatnam
Powerplants

Thestateisapioneernationwideinsolarpowergeneration.APGENCOisthepowergeneratingcompanyownedbythestate.[111]Thestatehasbecomepower
surpluswithexcesspowergenerationbeingexportedtootherstates.[112]

Thermal(naturalgasandcoalbased)andrenewablepowerplantstotallingto21,000MWwereinstalledinthestatebythe
year2015.Localpowerplantsof9,600MWcapacityonlyaresupplyingelectricityinthestatewhichincludesSimhadri
SuperThermalPowerPlant(2000MW)ofNTPC,VizagThermalPowerStation(1040MW),RayalaseemaThermalPower
Station(1050MW),SriDamodaramSanjeevaiahThermalPowerStation(1600MW),VijayawadaThermalPowerPlant
(1760MW),etc.Hydelpowerplantsarehavingacapacityof1671MW.[113]
RayalaseemaThermalPowerStation

Culture
Arts,craftsandartefacts

ThereareasmanyasthirteengeographicalindicationsfromthestateofAndhraPradeshasperGeographicalIndicationsofGoods(RegistrationandProtection)
Act,1999.[114]Thegeographicalindicationsfromthestatecovershandicrafts,foodstuffandtextilessuchas,BobbiliVeena,BudithiBellandBrassCraft,
DharmavaramHandloomPattuSareesandPaavadas,GunturSannam,KondapalliToys,MachilipatnamKalamkari,MangalagiriSareesandFabrics,Srikalahasti
Kalamkari,TirupatiLaddu,UppadaJamdaniSariandVenkatagiriSari.

EluruisnotonlyfamousonthemapofIndiabutworldaswell.Carpetsofthisregionhavetheirpresenceininternationalmarketsfromalongtimeago.Eluru
carpetswereaninventionofPersiansandtheybroughtithereduringtheMuhammaddinregime.ThereisahugecarpetindustrysituatedinEluruandmostofthe
carpetsareexported.[115]
MachilipatnamandSrikalahastiKalamkari'sarethetwouniquetextileartformspractisedinIndia.[116]Therearealsoother
notablehandicraftspresentinthestate,likethesoftlimestoneidolcarvingsofDurgi.[117]EtikoppakainVisakhapatnam
districtisnotableforitsLacindustry,producinglacqueredwooden.[118][119]

Thestatehasmanymuseums,whichfeaturesavariedcollectionofancientsculptures,paintings,idols,weapons,cutlery
andinscriptions,andreligiousartefactssuchasthearchaeologicalmuseumatAmaravati[120]withfeaturesrelicsofnearby
ancientsites,VisakhaMuseumandTeluguCulturalMuseuminVisakhapatnamdisplaysthehistoryofthepre
IndependenceandTelugucultureandHeritageandtheVictoriaJubileeMuseuminVijayawadawithlargecollectionof
artifacts.
KondapalliToysatahousein
Literature Vijayawada

Nannayya,TikkanaandYerrapragadaformthetrinitywhotranslatedtheSanskritepicMahabharataintoTelugulanguage.Nannayyawrotethefirsttreatiseon
TelugugrammarcalledAndhraShabdaChintamaniinSanskrit,astherewasnogrammaticalworkinTelugupriortothat.[121]Pothanaisthepoetwhocomposed
theclassicSrimadMahaBhagavatamu,aTelugutranslationofSriBhagavatam.Vemanaisnotableforhisphilosophicalpoems.TheVijayanagaraemperor
KrishnadevarayawroteAmuktamalyada.TeluguliteratureafterKandukuriVeeresalingamistermedasAdhunikaSahityam.HeisknownasGadyaTikkanaand
wastheauthorofTelugusocialnovel,SatyavatiCharitam.JnanpithAwardwinnersincludeSriViswanathaSatyaNarayana.TheAndhraPradeshnativeand
revolutionarypoetSriSribroughtnewformsofexpressionismintoTeluguliterature.[122]

Danceformsandfestivals

Dance

Kuchipudiisthestatedance,originatedatthevillageofKuchipudiinKrishnadistrict.ItalsoenteredtheGuinnessWorldRecordsforperformingMahabrinda
Natyamwithatotalof6,117dancersinVijayawada.[123]

Music

ManycomposersofCarnaticmusiclikeAnnamacharya,Tyagaraja,Kshetrayya,andBhadrachalaRamadaswereofTelugudescent.ModernCarnaticmusic
composerslikeGhantasalaandM.BalamuralikrishnaarealsoofTelugudescent.TheTelugufilmindustryhostsmanymusiccomposersandplaybacksingerssuch
asS.P.Balasubrahmanyam,P.Susheela,S.Janaki,PBSrinivas.Folksongsarepopularinthemanyruralareasofthestate.FormssuchastheBurrakathaand
Poliarestillperformedtoday.[124]

Harikatha:
HarikathaaKalakshepam(orHarikatha)involvesthenarrationofastory,intermingledwithvarioussongsrelatingtothe
story.HarikathawasoriginatedinAndhra.[125]

Burrakatha

BurrakathaisanoralstorytellingtechniqueintheKathatradition,performedinvillagesofcoastalAndhraPradeshregion.
Thetroupeconsistsofonemainperformerandtwocoperformers.Itisanarrativeentertainmentthatconsistsofprayers,
solodrama,dance,songs,poemsandjokes.ThetopicwillbeeitheraHindumythologicalstoryoracontemporarysocial
issue.[126]

Theatre

RangasthalamisanIndiantheatreintheTelugulanguage,basedpredominantlyinAndhraPradesh.[127]GurazadaApparao
wrotetheplay,Kanyasulkamin1892,whichisoftenconsideredthegreatestplayintheTelugulanguage.[128]C.Pullaiahis
citedasthefatherofTelugutheatremovement.[129][130]

Telugucinema
Kuchipudidance
Intheearly1990s,theTelugufilmindustryhadlargelyshiftedfromChennaitoHyderabad.TheTelugufilmculture(or,
"Tollywood")isthesecondlargestfilmindustryinIndianexttoBollywoodFilmIndustry.[131]Prolificfilmproducerfrom
thestate,D.RamanaiduholdsaGuinnessRecordforthemostnumberoffilmsproducedbyaperson.[132]

Intheyears2005,2006and2008theTelugufilmindustryproducedthelargestnumberoffilmsinIndia,exceedingthe
numberoffilmsproducedinBollywood.[133][134]TheindustryholdstheGuinnessWorldRecordforthelargestfilm
productionfacilityintheworld.[135]

Cuisine
Balamuralikrishnaduringaconcertin
Picklesandchutneys(sauces)aremadefromchilli,ginger,coconutandothervegetablesliketomato,brinjals,gonguraare
Kuwaiton29March2006
servedwithmeals.Aavakaayaisprobablythebestknownofthepickles.[136]

Thecoastalregionofthestatehasabundantseafoodsupply.Thevarietyoffishcurryrecipesarefamous.Itisrichandaromatic,withaliberaluseofexoticspices
andghee(clarifiedbutter).Lamb,chickenarealsothemostwidelyusedmeatsinthenonvegetariandishes.[137]

Tourism
AndhraPradeshispromotedbyitstourismdepartment,APTDCastheKohiNoorofIndia.

Beaches

TheseacoastofthestateextendsalongtheBayofBengalfromSrikakulamtoNelloredistrict.[138]

Caves

BorraCavesintheAnanthagiriHillsoftheEasternGhats,nearVisakhapatnamareamillionyearoldstalactiteand
stalagmiteformations.BelumCavesinKurnooldistrictarethesecondlargestnaturalcavesof3.229km(2.006mi)in AVegetarianAndhraMealservedon
lengthontheIndiansubcontinent.[139]UndavallicavesareIndianrockcutarchitectureinGunturdistrict.[140] importantoccasions

ValleysandHills

ArakuValleyisthefamoushillstationinVisakhapatnamdistrictwiththickforests,coffeeplantationsandwaterfalls.
HorsleyHillsisasummerhillresortintheChittoordistrict,situatedatanelevationof1,265metres(4,150ft),hasnatural
floraandfauna.PapiHillsinEastGodavaridistrictisfamousforitsscenicbeautyofthelocationintheriverGodavari
with.[139]ArmaKondapeaklocatedinVisakhapatnamdistrictisthehighestpeakinEasternGhats.

Ecotourism

Thestatehasrichforests,diverseflora&faunathatprovidesamplescopeforpromotingecotourism.Thestatehasmany
Sanctuaries,NationalParks,ZoologicalParkssuchasCoringa,KrishnaWildlifeSanctuary,NagarjunsagarSrisailamTiger
Reserve,KambalakondaWildlifeSanctuary,SriVenkateswaraZoologicalPark,IndiraGandhiZoologicalParketc.
AtapakaBirdSanctuary,NelapattuBirdSanctuaryandPulicatLakeBirdSanctuaryattractsmanymigratorybirds.[141]

Religiousdestinations

Apartfromthese,thestateishometomanypilgrimdestinations.Ithasmanytemplesandshrines,mosques,andchurches. HinduPilgrimagesitesmapof
Somefamoustemples,mosques,Buddhistshrinesandchurchesofreligiousimportancewhichareoftenvisitedbymany AndhraPradesh
touristsincludeTirumalaTempleinChitoorDistrict,SimhachalamTempleinVisakhapatnamDistrict,Annavaramtemple
inEastGodavariDistrict,DwarakaTirumalainWestGodavariDistrict,SrisailamtempleinKurnoolDistrict,KanakaDurgaTempleofVijayawada,
KotappakondainNarasaraopet,Amaravathi,Srikalahastitemple,[142]ShahijamiamasjidinAdoni,GunadalaChurchinVijayawada,Buddhistcentresat
Amaravati,NagarjunaKondaetc.,[143]andmanymoreaswell.

Adventuresports
AndhraPradeshgovernmenthasstartedpromotingadventuresportsasatourismindustryin2015.Thestatehaslong
coastlineswithamazingbackwatersaswellasnumeroushillsandmountainranges.Ithasstartedpartneringwithspecialist
companiestodevelopandmaintaintheseareas.HorsleyHillsis3hoursdrivefromBengaluruandisthehighestpointin
AndhraPradeshalsocalledCoorgofAndhraPradesh.GandikotainKadapadistricthassomemagnificentgorges.
Puligundu[144]isanotherplaceclosetoBengaluruwithrockclimbingalreadyhappening[145]throughFreakoutsAdventure
Solutions.[146]Thestatehasalsoinitiatedwatersportsinnumerousplacesalongthecoast.[147]

Transport
R.K.Beach
Thestateiswellconnectedtootherstatesthroughroadandrailnetworks.Itisalsoconnectedtoothercountriesbymeans
ofairwaysandseaportsaswell.WithalongseacoastalongtheBayofBengal,italsohasmanyportsforseatrade.The
statehasoneofthelargestrailwayjunctionsatVijayawadaandoneofthelargestseaportsatVisakhapatnam.

Roads

RoadsinAndhraPradeshconsistofNationalHighwaysandstatehighwayswithdistrictroadsaswell.NH5,witha
highwaynetworkofaround1,000km(620mi)inthestate,isapartofGoldenQuadrilateralProjectundertakenbyNational
HighwaysDevelopmentProject.ItalsoformspartofAH45whichcomesundertheAsianHighwayNetwork.

TheAndhraPradeshStateRoadTransportCorporation(APSRTC)isthemajorpublicbustransportownedbythestate
governmentwhichrunsthousandsofbusesconnectingdifferentpartsofthestate.PanditNehruBusStation(PNBS)in ArakuValley
VijayawadaisoneofthelargestbusterminalsinAsia.[148]

Railways

AndhraPradeshhasarailwaynetworkof4,403km(2,736mi)andhaveplayedasignificantroleinboostingtheeconomy
ofthestatealongsidedevelopingtheindustrialandthetourismsectors.Oneofthehighestbroadgaugetracksintheworld
isinEasternGhatsroutethatrunsfromVisakhapatnamtoAnantagiri.[149]MostofAndhraPradeshfallsunderwithGuntur,
Vijayawada,Guntakal(SouthCentralRailwayzoneandWaltair(EastCoastRailwayzone)divisions.Thisservesthenorth
coastaldistricts.

WaltairRailwayDivisionunderECoRzone,isfourthlargestrevenueearningdivisioninIndia.[150]Vijayawadarailway PelicanatPulicatLakeBird
stationisthehighestgrosserintheSCRzoneandoneofbusiestrailwayjunctionsinIndia. Sanctuary

Airports
VisakhapatnamAirport,istheonlyairportinthestatewithinternationalconnectivity.Thestatehasfivedomesticairports,
VijayawadaAirportatGannavaram,RajahmundryAirportatMadhurapudi,TirupatiAirportatRenigunta,Cuddapah
Airportandaprivatelyowned,publicuseairportatPuttaparthi.Therearealso16smallairstripslocatedinthestate.[151]

Seaports

AndhraPradeshhasoneofthecountry'slargestportatVisakhapatnamintermsofcargohandling.[152]Theotherfamous
portsareKrishnapatnamPort(Nellore),GangavaramPortandKakinadaPort.GangavaramPortisadeepseaportwhich ThimmammaMarrimanuisthe
canaccommodateoceanlinersupto200,000250,000DWT.[153]Thereare14notifiednonmajorportsat largest,knowntreeintheworldby
Bheemunipatnam,S.Yanam,Machilipatnam,Nizampatnam,Vadarevuetc.[154] areaofcanopycoverage.

Educationandresearch
AndhraPradeshhasanoverallliteracyrateof67.41%asperthe2011Indiancensus.Theprimaryandsecondaryschool
educationisimpartedbygovernment,aidedandprivateschoolsundertheadministrationoftheSchoolEducation
Departmentofthestate.[155][156]Thevarioustypesofschoolsinthestateinclude,Municipal,AndhraPradeshResidential,
AndhraPradeshSocialWelfareResidential,ZillaParishadandprivateschools.Theprivateschoolsareofbothaidedand
unaidedtype.[157][158]ThemediumofinstructionsfollowedbydifferentschoolsareTelugu,English,Urdu,Hindi,
Kannada,OdiaandTamil.[159]TheDirectorateofGovernmentExaminationsofthestateadministerstheconductof
SecondarySchoolCertificateexaminations.[160]644,961candidatestookthe2015SecondarySchoolCertificateexamand MeditationHallinsideBelumCaves
recordedapasspercentageof91.42%forregularand58.57%byprivatecandidates.[159]

AccordingtothereportofSarvaShikshaAbhiyan(20112012)andStatisticalAbstract(20122013),3,745,340children
outof3,805,791(98.4%),wereenrolledinPrimaryschoolswithateacher/studentratioof29.3%.2,101,928childrenoutof
2,156,577(97.5%),wereenrolledinUpperPrimaryschoolswithateacher/studentratioof24.6%.[161]

Apartfromthousandsofschoolsrangingfromthepreprimarytotheseniorsecondaryones,thestateishometoanumber
ofinstitutesforhighereducation.Notably,AndhraUniversity&thePrestigiousAndhraUniversityCollegeofScience&
Technology,AndhraUniversityCollegeofEngineeringareoneoftheoldestinstitutionsinIndiaandworldwiderenowned
institutionsinthefieldofScience,Engineering&Research.TheAllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciencesissanctionedby
GovernmentofIndiaatMangalagiri.TheIndianInstituteofManagementatVisakhapatnamandIndianInstitutesof ArakuValleyinWinter
TechnologyatTirupathi,bothstartedfunctioningfromtheacademicyear20152016.[162][163]NITTadepalligudemfrom
2015.TheIndianInstituteofPetroleumandEnergyatVisakhapatnamstartedfunctioningfromtheyear2016underthementorshipofIITKharagpur.[164]The
GovernmentofAndhraPradeshhasestablishedRajivGandhiUniversityofKnowledgeTechnologies(RGUKT)in2008tocatertotheeducationalneedsofthe
 giftedruralyouthofAndhraPradesh.[165]Thehighereducationincludesmany
colleges,universitiesandresearchinstitutesprovidingprofessionaleducationinthe
fieldsofarts,humanities,science,engineering,law,medicine,business,and
veterinarysciences,withundergraduateandpostgraduation.GITAM,KL
UniversityandVignanUniversityaretheDeemedUniversities.

MajorstateuniversitiesinthestateareAndhraUniversity,AcharyaNagarjuna
GarudaPlusbusserviceofthe University,JawaharlalNehruTechnologicalUniversity(Anantapur,Kakinada,
APSRTC VizianagaramandPulivendula),[166][167]DravidianUniversity,KrishnaUniversity,
RayalaseemaUniversity,SriKrishnadevarayaUniversity,SriVenkateswara
University,AdikaviNannayaUniversity,YogiVemanaUniversityandVikrama ViewofFacadeofSriVaritemple,
SimhapuriUniversity.Otheruniversitiesinclude,Dr.N.T.R.UniversityofHealthSciences,DamodaramSanjivayya Tirumala
NationalLawUniversity,SriVenkateswaraVeterinaryUniversity,[168]SriVenkateswaraVedicUniversitysponsoredand
supportedbyTirumalaTirupatiDevasthanams.[169]

Research

Researchinstituteshavebeensetupbythecentralgovernmentinthestate.NSTLNavalScience&Technological
Laboratory,NIONationalInstituteofOceanography,Visakhapatnam,SchoolofPlanningandArchitectureatVijayawada
isanautonomousresearchinstituteunderMinistryofHumanResourceDevelopmentofGovernmentofIndia,National VijayawadaGunturExpressway
AtmosphericResearchLaboratorycarryoutfundamentalandappliedresearchinAtmosphericandSpaceSciences,[170] sectionofNH16
IndianInstituteofScienceEducationandResearch,Tirupati,[171]SocietyForAppliedMicrowaveElectronicsEngineering
andResearch,VisakhapatnamCentralTobaccoResearchInstitute,RajahmundryundercontrolofICAR(IndianCouncilof
AgricultureResearch)conductsfundamentalandappliedresearchonTobaccoforthebenefitofthefarming
community,[172]IndianInstituteofOilPalmResearch(IIOPR)atPedaveginearEluruinWestGodavaridistrictservesasa
centreforconductingandcoordinatingresearchonallaspectsofoilpalmconservation,improvement,production,
protection,postharvesttechnologyandtransferoftechnology,[173]CCRHRegionalResearchInstituteatGudivada,
ClinicalResearchInstituteatTirupatiandNationalInstituteofOceanography[174]atVisakhapatnamaresomeofthem.[175]

Spaceresearchorganisation Vijayawadarailwaystation

IndianSpaceResearchOrganisation(orSriharikotaRange(SHAR))atbarrierislandofSriharikotainNelloredistrictofAndhraPradeshisasatellitelaunching
station.[176]ItisIndia'sprimaryorbitallaunchsite.India'slunarorbiterChandrayaan1waslaunchedfromthecentreat6:22AMISTon22October2008.[177]

Sports
TheSportsAuthorityofAndhraPradesh,isthegoverningbodywhichlooksaftertheinfrastructuredevelopmentincricket,
fieldhockey,associationfootball,Olympicweightlifting,chess,watersports,tennis,badminton,tabletennis,cycling,
etc.[178]

Cricketisoneofthemostpopularsportsinthestate.TheACAVDCAStadiuminVisakhapatnamisthehometoAndhra
Pradeshcricketteam.Thevenueregularlyhostsinternationalaswellasdomesticmatches.NotablecricketersfromAndhra
Pradesh,includeMaharajkumarofVizianagram,M.V.NarasimhaRao,M.S.K.Prasad,V.V.S.Laxman,Tirumalasetti
Suman,ArshadAyub,AmbatiRayudu,VenkatapathyRaju,SravanthiNaidu,YalakaVenugopalRaoetc.HumpyKoneru,
fromGudivadaofKrishnadistrictofthestate,isanIndianchessGrandmaster.
GuntakalistheMajorJunctionin
KarnamMalleswari,thefirstfemaleIndiantowinanOlympicmedal,hailsfromSrikakulamdistrictofAndhraPradesh. AndhraPradesh

Shewonthebronzemedalon19September2000,inthe69kgcategorywithaliftof240kg.[179]

PullelaGopichand,isaformerIndianbadmintonplayer.HewontheAllEnglandOpenBadmintonChampionships(2001),
tobecomingthesecondIndiantoachieveitafterPrakashPadukone.[180][181][182]

CherukuriLenin1985or198624October2010)wasanIndianarcherandcoachwhowonasilvermedalattheAsian
GrandPrixinMalaysia,andwasaNationalArcheryCoach.

Seealso
IndiaWikipediabook
IndexofAndhraPradeshrelatedarticles
MiddlekingdomsofIndia Mapofairportsandairstripsof
PartOneoftheConstitutionofIndia AndhraPradesh
ListofpeoplefromAndhraPradesh
VijayawadaAirport

AviewofVisakhapatnamHarbour

GunturInstituteofMedicalSciences

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ACAVDCAcricketstadiumat
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