PANZERKRIEG

PANZERKRIEG RULES OUTLINE 11.0 LEADERS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 11.1 LEADER COMBAT STRENGTH

2.0 GAME EQUIPMENT 11.2 LEADER DIE ROLL MODIFICATIONS

2.1 THE GAME MAP 12.0 ARMOR SUPERIORITY

2.2 THE PLAYING PIECES 13.0 BATTLEGROUPS

2.3 SCENARIOS AND STUDY FOLDER 13.1 BATTLEGROUPS IN COMBAT

2.4 CHARTS AND TABLES CARDS 13.2 REBUILDING BATTLEGROUPS

3.0 SEQUENCE OF PLAY 14.0 RETREAT GUIDELINES

A. WEATHER DETERMINATION 15.0 BREAKTHROUGH AND EXPLOITATION

B. THE FIRST PLAYER TURN 15.1 EXPLOITATION REQUIREMENTS

1. SUPPLY DETERMINATION PHASE 15.2 RESOLVING EXPLOITATION

16.0 PANZER DIVISION BREAK DOWN
2. MOVEMENT PHASE
17.0 SPECIAL UNITS
3. COMBAT PHASE
17.1 ARTILLERY UNITS
a. Combat Segment
17.2 ANTI-TANK UNITS
b. Exploitation Segment
17.3 SOVIET AIRBORNE UNITS
4. ADMINISTRATION SEGMENT
18.0 FORTIFICATIONS AND BRIGDEHEADS
C. THE SECOND PLAYER TURN
18.1 FORTIFICATIONS EFFECTS
D. GAME-TURN END
18.2 BRIDGEHEAD EFFECTS
4.0 WEATHER
19.0 AXIS SATELLITES
5.0 SUPPLY
19.1 SATELLITE LEADERS
5.1 SUPPLY LINE
19.2 SATELLITE AIR UNITS
5.2 SEABORNE SUPPLY
20.0 OPTIONAL UNITS
5.3 SUPPLY EFFECTS
20.1 SOVIET TANK ARMIES
6.0 MOVEMENT
20.2 GERMAN PANZER ARMIES
6.1 TERRAIN EFFECTS ON MOVEMENT
20.3 PUTTING OPTIONAL UNITS IN PLAY
6.2 SEA TRANSPORT
20.4 OPTIONAL UNIT EFFECTS
6.3 RAILROAD MOVEMENT
21.0 VICTORY CONDITIONS
6.4 ENTERING AND EXITING THE MAP
22.0 STARTING A SCENARIO
6.5 UNIT MOVEMENT TYPES
23.0 SCENARIO DEPLOYMENT INSTRUCTIONS
7.0 STACKING
24.0 SCENARIO MAP START LINES
8.0 ZONES OF CONTROL
25.0 SCENARIO TURN RECORD TRACK
8.1 MOVEMENT EFFECTS
26.0 SCENARIO REINFORCEMENTS AND
8.2 SUPPLY EFFECTS REPLACEMENTS
8.3 COMBAT EFFECTS
9.0 AIR OPERATIONS
DESIGN CREDITS
9.1 AIR BASES GAME DESIGN: John Prados
GRAPHICS: Kevin Zucker, J. A. Nelson, Larry
9.2 COMBAT AIR PATROL (CAP) Catalano
9.3 GROUND SUPPORT RULES: Bruce C. Shelley
RULES UPDATE: Wah June Hwang
9.4 AIR SUPPLY Original Copyright 1978 Operational Studies Group
10.0 COMBAT Copyright 1983 The Avalon Hill Game Company
10.1 COMMAND CONTROL
10.2 RESERVES
RULES OF PLAY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
PANZERKRIEG is an operational level simulation of
various Axis and Soviet campaigns in southern Russia
during the period 1941-1944. These campaigns, more
than any others, display the large forces and vast
distances of protracted combat between two industrial
giants. The simulation presents nine scenarios, each
describing a different period of operations. Each of
these scenarios is played as a separate game and all
scenarios use the same rules and components. The
game is an examination of the battles which shaped the
campaign and is based upon evaluation of the combat
forces, the leaders, the logistical limitations, and the
terrain over which the antagonists struggled.
PANZERKRIEG has been designed primarily as a
two player game, with one player commanding the
Axis forces and the other the Soviet forces. When
played solitaire, the competitive value of the game is
eliminated, but it remains a tool with which to study
the history presented.
2.0 GAME EQUIPMENT
2.1 THE GAME MAP
The 22"x32" game map represents the area in southern
Russia where the campaigns simulated took place. A
field of hexagons (hexes) has been superimposed upon
the map to regularize the positioning and movement of
the playing pieces (counters). Each hex is identified by 2.3 SCENARIOS AND STUDY FOLDER
a unique four-digit number for easy reference. For PANZERKRIEG offers nine different scenarios for
example, the city of Odessa is in hex 1115. play, each placing the players at the beginning of a
crucial passage of the war in southern Russia. The first
2.2 THE PLAYING PIECES eight scenarios are found in the 16 page Scenarios and
Playing pieces, also known as counters, are provided Study Folder (the ninth scenario, a hypothetical
of three types: combat units, leaders, and information situation, is included on a separate card). The scenarios
markers. Combat units represent the fighting in the folder are described in three ways: a map show-
formations of the various armies. Leader counters ing the placement areas for each side, a set-up display
represent individual commanders (and their staffs) giving each side its deployment instructions, and a
included in the game because of the significant impact brief historical commentary.
of their leadership on the conduct of the relevant cam- 2.4 CHARTS AND TABLES CARDS
paigns. Information markers are included as playing
aids. The various charts and tables which are used in play
and an additional ninth hypothetical scenario are
SAMPLE UNITS included on three separate cards. Included on the cards
are the Combat Results Table (CRT), the Weather
Intensity Table, the Weather Effects Table, and the
Terrain Effects Chart (TEC).
3.0 SEQUENCE OF PLAY
THE GAME-TURN
PANZERKRIEG is played in sequenced turns called
Game-Turns. Each Game-Turn consists of two player-
turns. The player whose turn is in progress is called the
phasing player, all actions must take place in the
sequence outlined below. Any action attempted out of
sequence is not allowed. All Game-Turns are identical
and follow one another until the scenario being played
is ended and the winner determined. The length of the
scenario is the number of Game-Turns shown on the
scenario Turn Record Tack.
A. WEATHER DETERMINATION
The first player to move in a scenario, as listed in the
scenario "Deployment Notes", rolls the die and
consults the Weather Intensity Table to determine the
weather for this Game-Turn. The weather result is then
noted by placing the appropriate weather state marker
on the scenario Turn Record Track.
B. THE FIRST PLAYER-TURN
1. Supply Determination Phase
The first player determines the supply status of his
units. Those units that were marked as being out of
supply on previous turns, and that are now in supply,
have the out of supply markers removed. Place out of
supply markers on those units now out of supply that
were not previously marked. Units marked as being out
of supply have their combat and movement capabilities
halved.
2. Movement Phase
The first player moves each unit or stack of units
individually through the hex grid of the map, tracing a
path of contiguous hexes and spending a portion of its
movement allowance (one or more movement points)
for each hex entered or hexside crossed. A unit may
never exceed its movement allowance. Rail, sea, and
road movement may be used to speed friendly
movement. The first player now brings on any
reinforcements that are due. The first player also
"flies" his air units to any hexes on the map not
containing enemy CAP markers, and within range of
his air bases. These air units may attack enemy units
they are stacked on during the upcoming Combat or
Exploitation Segments, either alone, or in conjunction
with friendly ground units. The first player continues
the Movement Phase of his player-turn until he has
moved all units he wishes to move.
3. Combat Phase
After all movement has ceased, the first player may
now attack enemy units that occupy hexes adjacent to
his own ground combat units, or which occupy the
same hexes as his own air units. The phasing player is
never obligated to attack, and does so at his own
option.
a. Combat Segment
First, all attacks against enemy ground combat units
made solely by friendly air units must be resolved.
Note that attacks involving solely air units on one side
are resolved on the Combat Results Table and that they
involve a special result that applies only to these
attacks (air units ignore adverse combat results; if a "*"
appears the targeted unit(s) is disrupted). Then ground
units which are adjacent to hexes occupied by enemy
ground units make their attacks, either alone or in
conjunction with friendly air units. The phasing player
continues to resolve attacks until he wishes to make no
more, or until he has no more units eligible to make
attacks. Each attack is conducted according to the
following procedure:
Combat Procedure (for each attack)
All attacking units and a maximum of one leader total
their combat strength and compare it with the total
strength of the defending units and leader (if present).
Both sides' strength may be modified by terrain and
supply considerations, and the defender may be able to
commit reserves. The ratio of attacker/ defender
strength, after all modifications are included, is
reduced to one of the simply odds ratios found on the
Combat Results
Table (e.g., 16 to 6 becomes 2 to 1). The attacker then
rolls a die, and modifies the number rolled for the
presence of attacking leaders, terrain effects, and
weather effects. The net number is cross-referenced
with the previously determined odds column, and the
result of this attack is read off and immediately applied
to the units involved. Each attack is resolved separately
and completely, before proceeding to the next attack.
The Combat Results Table (CRT)
The results read off the CRT indicate to the players the
various actions that must be taken with the units
involved in a given attack. Combat generally results in
the retreat and/or elimination of at least one player's
involved units. A complete explanation of the results is
given with the CRT.
Breakthrough Results and Exploitation Eligibility
Attacks made at high odds with the die roll modified
by an attacking leader may result in a breakthrough.
All defending units in such cases are immediately
eliminated or reduced to battlegroups. If there is at
least one attacking armored or mechanized infantry
unit involved in the attack, other friendly armored or
mechanized units adjacent to the original attackers
which have not yet attacked and which are not in an
enemy Zone of Control (see section 8.0), are eligible
for exploitation and are marked with an exploitation
marker.
b. Exploitation Segment
After the phasing player has conducted all of his
attacks in the Combat Segment, all units marked with
exploitation markers may move again and conduct
attacks. Only units marked with exploitation markers
may move and attack. No air units may be flown to
targets during the Exploitation Segment, but air units
flown to targets during the Movement Phase may
withhold their attack strength and attack in conjunction
with exploiting units. No air units may attack alone
during the Exploitation Segment.
4. Administration Phase
After all exploitation attacks have been resolved, the
first player may create or put under construction
fortresses or bridgeheads, and may incorporate
replacements into his units which have been reduced to
battlegroups, and/or break divisions down into
battlegroups. Each of these activities may only be
undertaken by ground units that have not moved or
participated in combat during the preceding player-
turn, and are not now adjacent to any enemy units. The
phasing player removes all disruption markers from
friendly units placed due to air attacks. Lastly, the
phasing player may place CAP markers on the hexes
he wishes to protect from enemy air units during the
subsequent enemy player-turn.
C. THE SECOND PLAYER TURN
The second player then repeats the phases listed under
the First Player-Turn, moving and attacking with his
own units.
D. GAME-TURN END
Upon the completion of the Second Player-Turn, the
Game-Turn marker is advanced on the scenario Turn
Record Track to signal the completion of one Game-
Turn, and the beginning of the next. The first player
then begins this new Game-Turn with the Weather
Determination Phase, and proceeds through each phase
in order. Play proceeds in this manner until the last
turn of the scenario is completed, at which point the
winner of the game is determined.
4.0 WEATHER
The first player in a scenario determines the weather
for each Game-Turn by consulting the Weather
Intensity Table and rolling one die. Cross-reference the
month of the Game-Turn (indicated on the scenario
Turn Record Track) with the die roll to determine the
weather condition for this Game-Turn. Conditions
shown on the table are Clear, Rain, Snow, or Storm.
Two additional weather conditions are possibleMud
and Ice. Mud occurs if the weather condition Rain
continues for more than one consecutive Game-Turn.
Ice occurs if either Snow continues for more than one
consecutive Game-Turn, or immediately upon the
appearance of the condition Storm. See the Weather
Effects Table to determine how weather effects move-
ment and combat.
5.0 SUPPLY
Units must be in supply in order to exercise their full
movement and combat capabilities. Supply status is
determined and indicated during the Supply
Determination Phase at the beginning of the player-
turn, and remains in effect until that player's next turn.
Out of supply units are marked with an out of supply
marker. To be in supply, a unit must be able to trace a
supply line. In addition, Axis and Soviet units are in
supply if they are able to trace five hexes free of
enemy Zones of Control (see section 8.0) to the
western or eastern map edges, respectively. A limited
number of Axis units may also be supplied by air (see
section 9.4, Air Supply).
5.1 SUPPLY LINE
A supply line consists of a path of hexes leading cross-
country from the unit to a railroad, and along the
railroad to a friendly rail hex on the edge of the map.
Any railroad hex on the map may be used to trace
supply, regardless of which side of the scenario start
line it is on (see section 24.0, Scenario Map Start
Lines), so long as that rail line can be traced to a
friendly map edge.
5.11 The supply line path may extend a maximum of
ten hexes (regardless of terrain type from the unit
(exclusive) to the friendly railroad hex (inclusive). The
path must be free of enemy units and their Zones of
Control (see 8.0). It may cross major rivers only at
bridges or through bridgeheads (see 18.2), and may not
cross sea hexsides unless the unit is operating on a
seaborne supply line as described below.
5.12 Once a supply line has reached a railroad, it may
not deviate from the rail line in reaching the board
edge. Rail lines, which are cut by the presence of
enemy units or their Zones of Control, cannot be used
to convey supply. An enemy unit moving across (but
not occupying) a friendly rail line has no effect on
friendly supply (which is determined at the start of
friendly player turn.)
5.13 A unit is also considered to be in supply if it can
trace an overland supply line often hexes directly to a
friendly reinforcement entry hex.
5.2 SEABORNE SUPPLY LINE
Units that are located in or near town or city port hexes
on the Black Sea coast may trace a seaborne supply
line if the player controls Black Sea ports suitable for
sea transport (see 6.2) which are themselves in supply.
Seaborne supply is traced as follows:
from the unit (exclusive), up to five hexes to any
friendly port hex (inclusive).
by any number of sea hexes from the first port hex
to any other friendly port hex.
from the second port hex (exclusive), along a
maximum ten hex path to a friendly rail line which can
be traced off a friendly map edge.
A seaborne supply line is blocked if any of the paths or
the rail line is occupied by enemy units or their Zones
of Control (see 8.0).
5.3 SUPPLY EFFECTS
Out of supply ground and air units and headquarters
have their combat value and movement allowance
halved, with all fractions rounded down. Headquarters
which are out of supply may not dispatch reserves (see
10.2). Supply has no effect upon the combat or
movement capabilities of leaders. Airfields which are
out of supply may not support CAP (see 9.2), and are
eliminated if out of supply for more than one Game-
Turn. Out of supply units can construct fortifications.
6.0 MOVEMENT
During the Movement Phase, the phasing player may
move any and all of his ground, air, leader, and
headquarters units. Movement is voluntary, and is
regulated by the hex grid superimposed on the map. A
unit expends movement points for each hex entered or
hexside crossed, as detailed on the Terrain Effects
Chart (TEC). The movement points that a unit has
available (the right hand number on each counter) can
be modified by its supply status and by the prevalent
weather conditions. To enter a hex of clear terrain
costs one movement point. Air units moving to and
from their airbases ignore all terrain and each hex
entered counts as one movement point of their
allowance expended. No unit can expend more than its
net movement allowance (possibly modified by supply
and weather). Movement points cannot be accumulated
from one turn to the next, nor can they be transferred
from one unit to another. No unit can enter a hex
unless it has sufficient movement allowance remaining
to pay the full cost. A hex that does not contain a
town, city, rail line or road is unplayable unless it
contains at least approximately 50% land.
6.1 TERRAIN EFFECTS ON MOVEMENT
The movement point cost to enter the various type of
hexes or cross hexsides is detailed on the Terrain
Effects Chart (TEC), which is found on the separate
chart and tables card. Additional notes for certain
terrain types are included below.
RIVERS: Major rivers can be crossed only at bridges
or at river crossing hexes, which are printed on the
map. The cost specified on the TEC for crossing a river
is for crossing the river hexside only, and it is a
movement point cost that does not include the cost for
entering the hex which the unit crosses into. This holds
true for all rivers, including major rivers.
RIVER CROSSING HEXES: River crossing
movement costs only apply when moving across a
Major River between two River Crossing Hexes.
Otherwise, River Crossing hexes count as Clear
terrain.
KIEV: Units may move from Kiev to hex 3215 as if
Kiev was a River Crossing hex.
KERCH STRAITS: The Kerch Straits (between
hexes 0531-0631) and hexes (0532-0632) separate the
Crimea from the Taman Peninsula, joining the Black
Sea with the Sea of Azov. For all game purposes, this
strait is considered to be the same as a major river
crossing hex.
BRIDGEHEADS: A player may improve the crossing
facilities of a major river crossing hexside and make it
the equivalent of a bridged hexside. (See 18.2
Bridgehead Effects.)
ROADS: Units may move along roads at twice their
normal movement rate, with the road canceling the
normal movement costs of the terrain in the hex. Units
derive this benefit only when following a road exactly,
but units may combine road and off-road movement
freely in one turn.
RAILROAD BRIDGES: All ground unit types may
cross rivers at rail bridges when performing either rail
or normal movement. When crossing a rail bridge
during normal movement, the unit is assessed one
additional movement point over the cost of entering
the next hex.
ROAD BRIDGES: All ground unit types may cross
rivers at road bridges when performing normal
movement. When crossing a road bridge during normal
movement, the unit incurs no additional movement
point costs over the cost of moving by road.
THE CAUSEWAY: Hex 0926 is the causeway hex.
No ground unit may move into or through this hex
except when using rail movement. No unit using rail
movement may end the Movement Phase in this hex.
LAKE HEXSIDES: The black lines on the hexsides
in the lake bordering hexes 1247, 1148, and 1149 may
not be crossed by ground units.
No ground unit may move through an all sea hexside
unless using sea transport (see section 6.2 below).
6.2 SEA TRANSPORT
Both players may make troop movements in the Black
Sea by naval transport. Each side has the capacity to
move one unit by sea each turn. Sea transport may only
take place between coastal port cities and towns
friendly to the moving units. Only the following cities
and towns marked with a port symbol are considered
ports: Constanta (0109), Odessa (1115), Sevastopol
(0222), Yalta (0224), Feodosia (0427), and Novorosisk
(0335). A unit to be moved by sea must begin its
Movement Phase in one of these ports. It may not land
in a port in any enemy Zone of Control (see 8.0), but
may leave from such a port. A sea transported unit may
make no movement in a turn other than the naval
transport movement. A unit transported by sea is not
eligible for exploitation the turn that it is moved.
6.3 RAILROAD MOVEMENT
Both sides may make use of railroad movement. There
is no limit to the number of units that can use rail
movement. To be moved by rail, a unit must begin the
Movement Segment located on a hex containing a rail
line. It may then move by rail to any other rail line hex
on the appropriate (beginning) side of the start line to
which it is connected by a continuous rail line not
interrupted by opposing units or Zones of Control. No
unit may ever enter or exit an enemy controlled hex
using railroad movement. Rail movement may not be
used to place a unit adjacent to an enemy unit. Units
moved by rail may not use regular movement on the
same turn, nor may it conduct Exploitation movement.
6.4 ENTERING AND EXITING THE MAP
When reinforcements are called for in a specific entry
hex (or range of entry hexes) the reinforcing units are
simply placed in that hex; they may then move
normally (including by rail) that turn. The reinforcing
units pay no movement point cost for the entry hex and
an unlimited number of units may use a single entry
hex on a Game-Turn, as long as stacking restrictions
are observed at the end of the Movement Phase.
6.41 If a given reinforcement hex is occupied by
enemy units and that hex is scheduled for reinforcing
units, those units may enter at an alternate
reinforcement hex. Axis units enter at alternate
reinforcement hexes bearing the next higher number
which is unoccupied by enemy units. Soviets
reinforcements enter at the next lower number
reinforcement hex unoccupied by enemy units. Units
may enter reinforcement hexes covered by enemy
Zones of Control (see section 8.0, Zones of Control),
but are not obligated to do so. They may instead enter
at the appropriate alternate reinforcement hex. Units
which enter at an alternate entry point on the same map
edge as the blocked hex enter the same Game-Turn.
Reinforcing units entering on another map edge than
they would have normally must delay one turn before
entering.
6.42 Units may never move off the map. In one
instance withdrawals are called for. These units are
simply removed from the map during the
Administration Phase. Only units in supply at the
moment can be withdrawn. If units of the type and
strength specified do not meet these conditions, a unit
of higher strength must be withdrawn instead.
6.5 UNIT MOVEMENT TYPES
The following units are armor type units for purposes
of movement point costs on the TEC: armor,
mechanized, artillery, anti-tank, headquarters and the
Luftwaffe airborne division. All other types are non-
armor units for movement purposes. Leader units may
be considered either type and may alternate between
the two freely during a single Movement Phase.
7.0 STACKING
Players may generally stack more than one unit
together in the same hex. The Axis player may stack
up to three friendly ground combat units in a hex at the
end of a phase. The Soviet player may stack up to two
friendly ground combat units in a hex at the end of a
phase. Stacking limitations apply only at the end of a
given phase and must be observed strictly at that point.
Any units in a hex stacked in excess of these limits are
eliminated (the owning player chooses which to
eliminate). During the Movement Phase, units may
freely pass through a hex ignoring the stacking
restrictions. (See also Axis Satellite restrictions, 19.0).
In addition to these stacking limits, either player may
have one of each of the following units and marker
types in a hex: a leader, a CAP marker, a bridgehead
marker, an artillery unit, an anti-tank unit, and a
headquarters unit. Also, either player may stack an
additional combat unit on a bridgehead marker to
maintain the bridgehead. The Soviet player may place
an additional airborne brigade unit on any stack.
One Air Base and its Air Units may stack in a hex in
addition to stacking of land units.
The following unit and marker types are exempt from
stacking restrictions, and may be placed in a hex in any
quantity: air units (flying ground support operations
see 9.6); stalemate, exploitation, out of supply, and
disruption markers.
8.0 ZONES OF CONTROL
Only armored and mechanized units of both sides, and
the German parachute unit can exert a Zone of Control
(ZOC). The hex one of these units occupies, and the
six hexes immediately surrounding the occupied hex,
constitute that unit's ZOC. ZOC's inhibit movement,
and may block supply lines and retreat routes after
combat.
ZOCs do not extend across lake hexsides or Major
River hexsides. This is not changed by the presence of
River Crossing hexes or Bridges.
Air units in a hex have no effect on ground unit
movement or ZOC's.
8.1 MOVEMENT EFFECTS
All units must expend 3 movement points to enter a
controlled hex, in addition to the normal terrain costs
for that hex as detailed on the Terrain Effects Chart.
The presence of friendly units in the controlled hex
does not negate the effect of the ZOC for purposes of
movement. Units may move from one enemy con-
trolled hex to another, so long as they have sufficient
movement points to do so. Ground units may not enter
enemy occupied hexes (Exception: Hexes occupied
solely by enemy Leaders, Artillery and Anti-Tank
units may be entered, and passed through, destroying
the occupying units.)
8.2 SUPPLY EFFECTS
Supply lines cannot be traced through enemy ZOC's,
neither before nor after the supply line reaches a
railroad. The presence of friendly ground units does
negate enemy ZOC's for purposes of tracing supply.
Also, units which normally have a ZOC retain it when
out of supply.
8.3 COMBAT EFFECTS
Units disrupted by enemy air unit attack do not have a
ZOC. Units forced to retreat by a combat result may
not enter an enemy controlled hex, and are eliminated
instead. The presence of other friendly units in the
controlled hex does negate the effect of the enemy
ZOC for purposes of retreat. Units can thus retreat
through enemy ZOC's if the controlled hex is occupied
by non-retreating friendly units.
9.0 AIR OPERATIONS
Both players may use air operations in support of their
ground forces. All such air operations are conducted by
the air units which the player has available for the
scenario being played. Air operations are founded on a
system of air bases which are strategically positioned
by each player. There are two types of air operations in
the game: Ground Support and Air Supply (Axis
player only). There is no air transport. Combat Air
Patrol (CAP) markers are a special type of unit, whose
use is explained below. To conduct an air operation,
the air unit is moved from its base to any hex within its
range.
9.1 AIR BASES
Each player is provided with a number of air base
counters specified by the set-up display of the scenario
being played. Air bases must be placed in cities or
towns that contain a railroad line, and can trace a
supply line. No more than one air base may ever
occupy a given hex. Each air base has the capacity to
operate four air units. All air units to be used must be
placed on air bases (only) during the set-up, before the
start of play.
9.11 Once placed on the map, the owning player may
move any one air base per Game-Turn, and the move
must be to a city or town under friendly control and
located on a railroad hex. The air base is simply
removed from the map, placed upside down in its new
position, and then flipped over during the Administra-
tion Phase. Air units may not conduct any air
operations from a base on the turn in which it is being
moved.
9.12 Air bases may never retreat. If a hex containing
an air base is attacked and a retreat result is rolled, then
the air base is instead destroyed. Any air units stacked
on an air base when it is eliminated are also eliminated.
9.13 Air bases may never be attacked by enemy air
units.
9.14 Air bases which are out of supply may not support
CAP, and are eliminated if out of supply for more than
one Game-Turn (see section 5.0, Supply).
9.15 Air units return to their bases immediately after
the attacks in which they have participated are
resolved, and they may return to bases different from
those from which they flew.
9.15 An airbase has an intrinsic defense capability
against ground attack of one combat strength point.
This defense factor is doubled or tripled normally for
towns and cities.
9.2 COMBAT AIR PATROL (CAP)
Defensive air power is represented by CAP markers.
These signify concentrations of protective air activity
on a sector sufficient to deny use of the airspace to
opposing air forces.
9.21 The presence of a CAP marker on a hex prohibits
the enemy player from flying air units into or through
that hex.
9.22 CAP markers are placed at the end of the
Exploitation Segment of the player-turn, and remain in
place throughout the enemy player-turn.
9.23 CAP markers must be placed within 12 hexes of a
friendly air base which is in supply. Any one air base
can support all of the CAP markers available for the
scenario.
9.24 The number of CAP markers each player has
available each turn is shown on the set-up display of
the scenario.
9.3 GROUND SUPPORT
Both players have air units representing major
formations of bomber and ground support aircraft.
These are based on air bases, move to their target
hexes during the player's Movement Phase, and attack
during either the Combat or Exploitation Segments.
Air units on a ground support mission must fly to an
enemy occupied hex. They may never fly into or
through hexes containing an opposing CAP market.
Air units may attack only the hexes upon which they
are stacked. Adverse combat results have no effect
upon air units.
9.31 If a hex being attacked by air units is
simultaneously being attacked by ground units, the air
units must combine their combat value with that of the
ground units into one total attack strength.
9.32 Air units alone may attack hexes which are not
being simultaneously attacked by ground units. In this
case, the attacker may choose which of the defending
units to attack, ignoring the others. These attacks must
be resolved at the beginning of the Combat Segment
before the attacking player proceeds to resolve pure
ground attacks or combined ground/air attacks. Attacks
made solely by air units are resolved on the Combat
Results Table (see the separate card) and all combat
calculations are made normally (defending units
receive any benefits for terrain, except those for
defending in River Crossing hexes or behind River
hexsides). However, these attacks are resolved using
only the disruption result as outlined on the CRT.
Attacks made solely by air units never benefit from the
presence of friendly leaders.
9.33 Axis satellite air units are restricted in their
ground support ability (see section 19.2, Satellite Air
Units).
9.4 AIR SUPPLY
German 5-20 air units may be diverted from combat
functions in order to supply units that cannot trace a
normal supply line. Their bases must be within range
of the units they supply, and the Soviet player must be
informed of the details of any such activity. Air units
are committed to air supply during the Axis player's
Supply Determination Phase.
9.41 The Axis player points out to the Soviet player the
units that he is supplying by air, and flips over enough
of his 5-20 air units in range to fulfill the supply
requirements. The units supplied in this manner are
considered to be in supply until the beginning of the
Axis player's next Supply Determination Phase.
9.42 The first two 5-20 air units diverted may supply
two divisions each. Thereafter, for each three
additional 5-20 air units diverted, one division may be
supplied. Air units engaged in supply activity may
conduct no other air operations in that turn. KGs, BGs,
AT units and Artillery units each count for 1/3 of a
division. HQs are supplied for free.
9.43 Air supply is not allowed into a hex containing an
enemy CAP marker.
10.0 COMBAT
Combat occurs between opposing units after all
movement has ceased, and at the discretion of the
phasing player. The phasing player is the attacker, and
the non-phasing player is the defender. Ground units
must be under command control (see 10.1) in order to
attack. Attacks are made by air units against enemy
ground units in the hex occupied by the attacking air
units. Attacks by ground units are made against enemy
units in hexes adjacent to them. All defending units in
a hex must be attacked as a combined force. Separate
units in a hex cannot be attacked individually. A
friendly leader stacked with attacking units adds his
combat factor to the attacker's strength (see 11.0). The
defender may be able to increase his defense strength
by committing reserves to the battle (see 10.2). Terrain
and supply considerations may modify the attacker's
and defender's strength. Armor superiority for either
side will shift the odds of the attack in that sides favor
(see 12.0). Each attack is resolved according to the
procedure outlined below, and the results of the attack
are implemented immediately before resolving the next
attack. Explanations for each combat result are
presented on the Combat Results Table. A player may
make as many attacks as he desires during a turn,
subject only to his command control capabilities and to
the number of adjacent enemy occupied hexes. The
attacker decides which opposing units shall be engaged
in battle and in what order such battles will be re-
solved.
PROCEDURE
The attacker and the defender each determine their
respective strength, including ground units, attacking
air units, leaders present, defensive reserves, and any
modifications due to supply or terrain. The total
strengths for each side are then compared, and the
resulting ratio of attacker's strength divided by
defender's strength is rounded down in favor of the
defender to the nearest ratio found across the top of the
Combat Results Table (CRT). This is the column of
the CRT on which the attack will be resolved, unless
the column is shifted due to the presence of armor
superiority for either side. The attacker then rolls one
die and cross-indexes the number rolled with the
column on the CRT noted above to determine the
result of this combat. The number rolled on the die
may be modified by terrain effects, the weather, and by
the presence of leaders on either side. Explanations for
each combat result are presented with the CRT.
EXAMPLE:
The German player is the attacker and moves three 13-
11 panzer units and a 13 leader adjacent to Rostov,
which is occupied by 2 Soviet infantry units, a 4-7 and
a 3-7. The German player also flies four 5-20 air units
to Rostov to support the attack. Both sides are in
supply and the Soviet player has no reserves available.
The defending Soviet unit is tripled in a major city,
giving it a strength of 21. The total attack strength is
72. The ratio of 72 attack factors to 21 defense factors
is rounded down in favor of the defender and reduces
to the ratio of 3 to 1 found on the CRT. The attacker
rolls a 4 on the die, but this is increased to a 6 due to
the presence of an attacking leader. The modified die
roll of 6 is cross-indexed with the 3 to 1 odds column
to give the result of "DE"-defender eliminated. The
defending Soviet units are removed from play and the
attacker occupies Rostov.
10.1 COMMAND CONTROL
In order to make an attack on an adjacent hex, ground
combat units and leaders must be located within seven
hexes of a friendly headquarters units. Opposing units,
enemy ZOC's and terrain located between the
headquarters and the units which it is commanding
have no effect on command control. A headquarters
unit may exercise command control over any number
of units within its range.
10.11 Headquarters in enemy ZOC's may provide
command control for units within their range.
10.12 German headquarters may provide command
control to all Axis units.
10.13 Satellite headquarters may provide command
control only to units of their nationality. The command
control range for satellite headquarters is four hexes,
rather than seven.
10.2 RESERVES
Once the attacking player has stated his total strength,
the defender must decide whether to commit reserves
to the battle. Reserves are defined as any combat units
of the defender which are stacked with headquarters
units and which are located on town or city hexes
within five hexes of the hex under attack. Reserves
must be dispatched after the statement of attacking
strength and before the combat die roll is made. Units
committed as reserves share the fate of the friendly
units in the combat hex. They do not return to the
headquarters after the attack is resolved.
10.21 Combat units dispatched as reserves do not pay
normal terrain movement costs, but may move a
maximum of five hexes only. Reserves may cross
major rivers only at bridges or bridgeheads, and not at
river crossing hexes. Reserves cannot enter any hex
occupied by enemy units or ZOC's except the hex they
are reinforcing.
10.21a Reserves may not be committed if it will cause
the reinforcing hex to overstack.
10.22 Units committed as reserves do not receive
defense strength improvements due to the terrain of the
combat hex on the turn that they reinforce that hex.
(Defending units already in the hex retain any terrain
benefits which they would normally receive.)
10.23 Leaders cannot be used as reserves. Leaders are
not headquarters, and cannot be used to dispatch
reserves.
10.24 Disrupted headquarters and headquarters in
enemy ZOC's may not disptach reserves.
10.25 Reserves not committed during the Combat
Segment are available for use during the Exploitation
Segment (see section 15.2).
10.26 German headquarters may dispatch reserves of
any Axis nationality. Satellite headquarters may only
dispatch reserves of their nationality, and only to hexes
already containing at least two units of their
nationality.
10.3 COMBAT STRENGTH AND DIE ROLL
MODIFICATIONS
The combat strength of participating units on both
sides of an attack, as well as the die roll to resolve the
attack, may be modified by several factors. Combat
strength may be modified by terrain (see the TEC) or
by lack of supply (see section 5.0). The combat die roll
may be modified by terrain, by the presence of leaders,
and by the weather (see the Weather Effects Table).
If more than one Combat Strength modifier applies
simultaneously, they are considered in this order:
(1)Command Control, (2)Supply, (3)Disruption from
air attack, and (4) Terrain, dropping fractions after
each modification is applied.
10.31 Terrain effects may modify the combat strength
of both the attacker and defender. In cases where
several modifications could apply to the attacker, only
the least harmful modification takes effect. For
instance, units attacking across a Minor River (attacker
strength -5) at a Bridge (attacker strength xl/3), would
have their total strength either reduced by 5 strength
points or reduced by two thirds. If several units were
participating in this attack, it would probably be least
harmful for the attacker to reduce his total attack
strength by 5.
10.31a In an attack over both a Major River (bridge or
crossing) and Minor River hexside, the attacker has the
choice of using the modifiers for either. He may not
chose the strength modifier of one and the die roll
modifier of the other.
10.32 In cases where several stacks are attacking a
single hex and different terrain modifications would
apply to the attacking stacks, each stack is considered
separately for strength modification. For example, if
several stacks were attacking over a combination of
cross-river and non-river hexsides, or in a combination
of the two river types, each attacking stack's strength
would be calculated separately before being added to
the total.
10.33 The die roll modifications for terrain, leaders,
and weather are each considered separately, and added
together to derive a net modification. If several
modifications due to terrain are possible, the
modification most favorble to the attacker is used. For
example, an attack over a Bridge (die roll -1), over a
Minor River (die roll -2), and into a Swamp hex (die
roll -2) would be modified by -1 to the die roll, the
most favorable modification to the attacker of the
three.
NoteSTALEMATE CLARIFICATION: Only the
player in whose player-turn the stalemate resulted (see
the CRT) is obligated to repeat the attack. The
defending units in a stalemate must remain stationary
throughout their player-turn and may not attack in their
Combat Phase. Reserves committed to a defense which
results in a stalemate do receive the terrain benefits
when the attack is resolved in the next Game-Turn.
Ground units of either side may not enter any
stalemated hex, nor participate in any stalemate attack
or defense. CAP markers and phasing air units are not
affected by these retric-tions, and may be freely
altered. Attacking stalemated units may not be attacked
by the defending player's air units.
11.0 LEADERS
Leader counters represent generals of exceptional
ability exercising close tactical command over given
sectors of the battle front. Each leader has a movement
allowance and moves like a combat unit. The presence
of a leader in combat affects the strength of the forces
with which he is stacked and can affect the combat die
roll. Leaders must be stacked with combat units in
order to use their combat strength. Only one Leader
may stack in a hex. Leaders may be used in combat
only once in each player-turn, and only one friendly
leader may participate in a single combat. A leader
cannot attack or defend by himself, and is eliminated
from play if all of the units with which he is stacked
are destroyed (and no battle-groups remain [see 13.0,
Battlegroups]). A Leader may pass through a hex
containing a lone enemy Leader.
11.1 LEADER COMBAT STRENGTH
Leaders add their improvement strength (combat
strength) to the total strength of the combat units they
are stacked with, both when attacking and defending.
A leader may not add more improvement strength
points than the combined printed combat strengths of
the units he is stacked with. Leader strength is
determined after any downward modification of
combat unit strengths in the hex, and is never affected
by lack of supply, command or terrain.
11.2 LEADER DIE ROLL MODIFICATIONS
When attacking, a leader adds 2 to the die roll used to
resolve combat. (This is in addition to his strength
addition above.) When defending, a leader cancels any
die roll modification due to an attacking leader. A
defending leader has no die roll effect if not attacked
by an opposing leader.
12.0 ARMOR SUPERIORITY
When resolving combat between ground units, either
the attacker or the defender may benefit from armor
superiority. The armor superiority benefit is only
possible if the defender occupies a Clear terrain hex.
Any armor superiority is negated if the defender
occupies a Major City, Town, Fortification, Mountain,
Swamp, or Woods hex.
If one player's forces contain armor type units and the
other players do not, the player with the armored type
units receives a shift in his favor of one column on the
CRT. Armor type units are ground combat units having
a movement allowance of 11 (not headquarters or
leaders). For example, if a defending player's forces
contain one mechanized infantry unit (an armor type
unit) and the attacking player's forces include only
infantry, artillery, air, and leader units (no armor type
units), the defender receives a column shift. If the odds
column in this case would normally be 4-1, the shift
drops the column to 3-1.
Anti-tank units stacked in a defending hex negate the
armor superiority advantage of any attack made on that
hex (see 17.2).
13.0 BATTLEGROUPS
Certain combat units depicted in PANZERKRIEG
were in reality much superior to the average units in
terms of the ability to continue functioning after taking
heavy losses. In these units a core of experienced and
highly motivated troops could continue fighting where
the average unit would have completely disintegrated.
To reflect this fact, these units are not completely
destroyed when their loss is called for by the CRT.
Instead, all such units are battlegrouped when their
loss is called for. The battlegroup is a reduced value
unit which is printed upon the reverse side of the
parent unit's counter. When an elimination result is
obtained, the counter is flipped over to expose its
reduced strength. Not all units in the game have
battlegroups, only those with the battlegroup printed
on the reverse side. Battlegroups function in all
respects identically to normal combat units.
13.1 BATTLEGROUPS IN COMBAT
In any situation where a unit is reduced to a
battlegroup, that battlegroup must immediately retreat
two hexes or be eliminated. In any exchange situation,
the opponent must remove combat strength points
equal to the full face value of the parent unit before it
is battlegrouped, regardless of its battlegroup strength.
For example, if a defending 7-7 infantry division is in-
volved in an exchange, the attacker must lose at least 7
strength points. This is regardless of the fact that the 7-
7 division is immediately replaced by a 3-7 battlegroup
for a net loss of only 4 strength points to the defender.
When a unit is itself battle-grouped in response to an
exchange requirement, the full value of the parent unit
is counted for exchange purposes, again regardless of
the battlegroups strength.
13.2 REBUILDING BATTLEGROUPS
Both the Axis and Soviet forces are capable of
rebuilding units reduced to battlegroups in combat
back to full strength units through the use of
replacements. Each scenario specifies the total number
of units which may be rebuilt in this manner
throughout the scenario, by type. To be rebuilt, a
battlegroup must be in supply, must be stacked with a
headquarters unit in a town or city hex not adjacent to
any enemy ground units, and must not have
participated in combat during the current player-turn.
Replacement capability may not be accumulated from
turn to turn, and if unused is considered to have been
diverted to another front and lost. Only units reduced
to battlegroups in the course of the current scenario
may be rebuilt.
14.0 RETREAT GUIDELINES
When a retreat is called for by a result on the CRT, the
owning player determines the retreat path of his units
(except in the case of a breakthrough, see the CRT
notes for breakthrough). All retreats are subject to the
following guidelines:
a) Units must retreat toward or along a friendly
railroad supply source.
b) Units must retreat into or through vacant hexes, if
possible.
c) Units may only retreat into or through any hex or
hexside through which they may normally move.
d) Units may not retreat into or through any hexes
covered by enemy ZOC's unless those hexes are
occupied by friendly ground units.
Units unable to retreat due to a combination of
impassable terrain and/or enemy units are eliminated
instead. Units may retreat into hexes containing
friendly units if no completely vacant hexes are
available. Units may end their retreats in such hexes
provided that stacking restrictions are strictly observed
at the end of the Combat Phase. Units which would
end the Combat Phase overstacked must retreat an
additional hex. If friendly units end their retreat in a
friendly occupied hex which comes under subsequent
attack during the Combat Phase, they do not add their
strength to the defense, but suffer all combat results
with the other units in the hex (and may be selected to
fulfill exchange results).
15.0 BREATHROUGH AND
EXPLOITATION
Very high modified die rolls on the CRT can result in
breakthroughs which allow the attacker to conduct a
special movement-combat sequence called
exploitation. Breakthrough results are more likely as
the attacker's margin of superiority (odds-ratio)
increases over the defender, and allow unengaged
armor type units to exploit the hole torn in the enemy
defense.
15.1 EXPLOITATION REQUIREMENTS
In order for exploitation to take place after a
breakthrough result is achieved, several requirements
must be met. First, at least one armor type unit must
have participated in the original attack. (Armor type
units are non-headquarters, non-leader ground combat
units with a movement allowance of 11). Second,
additional armor type units must occupy hexes adja-
cent to the units making the original attack. If the
original attack results in a breakthrough, then the
adjacent armor type units become eligible for
movement in the Exploitation Segment and are marked
with an exploitation marker. Units that are to exploit
may not make any attacks during the normal Combat
Segment of the player-turn.
15.2 RESOLVING EXPLOITATION
Exploitation begins after the attacker has resolved his
last attack in the Combat Segment. At this time, any
unit marked with an exploitation marker may move up
to its full movement capability, according to the
normal rules for movement. Leaders stacked with such
units may accompany them. After all exploiting units
have moved, they may attack according to the normal
rules for combat. Reserves not committed by the
defender during the normal Combat Segment may be
committed now. The attacker may support exploitation
attacks with leaders that are present and with air units
flown to the target hexes during the previous
Movement Segment.
16.0 PANZER DIVISION BREAK DOWN
A small number of additional German panzer
battlegroups are included in the game for situations in
which the player wishes to create additional mobile
formations at the expense of giving up some combat
strength. These battlegroups are single units and can
never be built up into divisions. They can be
distinguished by the fact that they are printed on the
front of the counter and are blank on the back.
(Remnant battlegroups, which can be rebuilt, are
printed on the back of the parent unit's counter.)
Break down takes place during the Administration
Phase. Each panzer division may break down into three
battlegroups. The division must be located in a town or
city, in supply, and not adjacent to any Soviet unit. A
division breaking down may not move or engage in
any other activity during the player-turn in which it
breaks down. The number of break downs allowed is
limited by the countermix.
17.0 SPECIAL UNITS
The capabilities and limitations of several types of
special units are detailed below. One of each of these
types of units may stack on a hex in addition to the
stacking limit on regular combat units (see section 7.0,
Stacking). Subsequent Special Units may stack in lieu
of a normal unit each.
17.1 ARTILLERY UNITS
Artillery units add their combat value to regular units
with which they are stacked in both attack and defense.
Artillery attack values are not reduced when attacking
across major or minor rivers (This is an exception to
the Terrain Effects Chart). Artillery strength in a given
hex is determined after any downward modification of
combat unit strengths in the hex. Artillery strength in
an attack may not exceed the regular ground combat
strength in that attack (any excess is ignored). When
defending unit strengths are modified upward, artillery
strength additions may not exceed the printed strength
of the regular combat units. Artillery units are
eliminated if not stacked with other regular ground
combat units when the hexes they occupy are entered
by enemy ground combat units. Artillery units must be
the last units in a stack to be destroyed to fulfill
exchange result losses.
17.2 ANTI-TANK UNITS
Anti-tank units add their strength to regular combat
units in defense only when attacked by opposing armor
type units (combat units with a movement allowance
of 11). They may never attack. Anti-tank units are
eliminated if not stacked with regular combat units
when the hexes they occupy are entered by opposing
regular combat units.
17.3 SOVIET AIRBORNE UNITS
In some scenarios the Soviets have available one or
more 1-7 airborne brigade units. These are the only
units in the game capable of parachute drops (the Axis
airborne units may not air drop). These airborne units
may each drop once per game, during either a Combat
or Exploitation Segment of a clear weather Soviet
player-turn.
To conduct an air drop, the Soviet airborne brigade is
kept off the map out of play until the air drop is
desired. Then the airborne unit is simply placed
anywhere on the map within eight hexes of a friendly
airfield. They may not land on hexes occupied by Axis
units. They may land adjacent to enemy units, or in
their ZOC's, and they must attack adjacent units in
either case. They may not land adjacent to Axis
headquarters or CAP markers. They are considered to
be in supply for the turn of their drop, but may not
move that turn. Following their air drop, such airborne
units revert to normal infantry units. Airborne units
lose their air drop capability once placed on the map
(whether they are dropped into play or not). They may
be included in the initial set-up on the map, brought on
to the map as normal reinforcements, or kept off the
map threatening an air drop. One Soviet airborne unit
may be added to any stack of Soviet units, in excess of
the normal stacking limits.
18.0 FORTIFICATIONS AND
BRIDGEHEADS
Land combat units which have remained inactive for
the entire player-turn (i.e., they have not moved,
participated in combat, and are not now adjacent to
enemy units) may construct fortifications or
bridgeheads. During the initial player-turn in which
units fulfill this requirement, the fortification or
bridgehead marker is placed in the hex with its "under
construction" side up. This indicates that the field work
is being built. Provided that the hex does not undergo
attack during the enemy Combat Phase, and that any
unit in the hex remains inactive throughout the
subsequent friendly player-turn, the fortification or
bridgehead counter is flipped over to its "active" side
during the subsequent turn's Administration Phase and
the noted advantages then take effect. If the hex in
which the fieldwork is under construction does come
under attack, or if the player moves or attacks with the
units constructing the fieldwork, or if enemy units
move adjacent to the hex containing the fieldwork
under construction, it is immediately removed from the
map. It may be placed again as soon as the conditions
for its placement are again fulfilled. Units may
construct fieldworks adjacent to enemy units if
separated from them by a river hexside of either type.
Air attacks nullify construction attempts only if they
achieve a disruption result on the constructing unit.
Fortifications and Bridgeheads that are available
during scenario set-up may be placed adjacent to
enemy units.
18.1 FORTIFICATION EFFECTS
Fortifications double the combat strength of any land
combat units in the hex they occupy. A fortification is
destroyed if any enemy units enter the hex it occupies.
Fortifications may not be constructed in a woods, town
or city hex, or in a hex already occupied by a
fortification. Units which build a fortification are not
required to remain in the hex. Once placed,
fortifications may never be moved from one hex to
another. The number of fortifications included in the
game is intended as a strict limit on the number which
may be constructed.
18.2 BRIDGEHEAD EFFECTS
Bridgeheads may only be constructed in a river
crossing hex. They are constructed with the bridgehead
marker indicating with its arrow which hexside is
being bridged. After successful construction, that
hexside may be treated as a bridged hexside for all
purposes including supply.
18.21 Supply must be traced into the hex occupied by
the bridgehead marker first, and then across the
bridged hexside to a friendly rail line. Note that this
means that units must cross a river and then construct a
bridgehead to supply units across that river.
18.22 Bridgeheads exist only so long as the friendly
combat units responsible for their construction remain
in the hex with the bridgehead. Note that neither this
unit nor the bridgehead is counted for stacking
purposes. This unit adds its strength to the defense of
the hex, but not to any attacks originating from the
hex. If this construction and maintenance unit leaves
the hex, either voluntarily or by result of combat, the
bridgehead is removed from the map.
18.23 Bridgeheads may be constructed only by
German or Soviet ground combat units, never by
leaders, headquarters, air units, or Axis satellite units.
The number of bridgeheads in play on the map is
strictly limited by the number in the counter mix.
18.24 Bridgeheads, once played, may never be moved
from one hex to another.
Note: In addition to the units shown on the scenario
set-up displays, up to two bridgehead markers may be
deployed by each side in each scenario.
19.0 AXIS SATELLITES
Axis satellite forces (Italians, Rumanians, and
Hungarians) were of even less quality than their
German allies and had other difficulties as well. The
command control range for satellite units is four hexes
rather than seven. Moreover, satellite units in hexes
outside of command control defend at half their normal
combat strength (round down). They may stack with
other units of their own nationality or with German
units, but never with satellite units of other
nationalities. Further, Hungarian and Rumanian units
may never even occupy hexes adjacent to each other,
and may not participate with each other in an attack
against the same hex.
19.1 SATELLITE LEADERS
The two satellite leaders, Demitrescu and Messe, may
only stack with, and add their improvement strength to,
stacks of units of their own nationality, Rumanian and
Italian respectively, plus one German unit. These
leaders may never stack with solely German stacks, or
with any other nationality. Satellite leaders are
distinguished by a "
"on their counters under their
names.
19.2 SATELLITE AIR UNITS
Axis satellite air units may only attack in concert with
ground units of their own nationality. German ground
and air units may also be included in the attack. They
may not attack together with ground forces consisting
solely of German units and/or other satellite nation
units. They may not attack Soviet units alone.
20.0 OPTIONAL UNITS
The Soviet tank army counters and the German panzer
corps counters are optional units that may be included
in the game if both players agree. They replace a
number of regular divisions from each side's order of
battle, allowing more combat strength in a hex.
20.1 SOVIET TANK ARMIES
Soviet tank armies are built out of any three tank units
and any one mechanized unit. The number of tank
armies that can be created depends on the scenario
being played, as follows: Kiev Pocketno tank
armies; Winter Counteroffensive and The Drive on
Stalingrad1 tank army; Stalingrad and The Back-
hand Blow2 tank armies; and all other scenarios3
tank armies.
20.2 GERMAN PANZER CORPS
German panzer corps are built out of any two panzer
divisions and any one panzer grenadier division. The
Luftwaffe parachute division may not serve as the
panzer grenadier component of a panzer corps. The
number of German panzer corps that can be created
depends on the scenario being played. For the first 6
scenarios (Kiev Pocket, Winter Counteroffensive, The
Drive on Stalingrad, The Backhand Blow, and
Aftermath of Zitadelle), 3 panzer corps may be put in
play. For the remaining scenarios, only 2 panzer corps
may be used.
20.3 PUTTING OPTIONAL UNITS IN PLAY
Tank armies and panzer corps may be brought into
play during the scenario set-up, or during play. The
units that combine into an optional unit should be
recorded on scrap paper in case the larger unit breaks
down. At the start of a scenario, set aside the divisions
combining into the optional unit and place the corps or
tank army on the map in their stead. Panzer corps and
tank armies must be made up of units from the same
set-up area. Divisions from different set-up areas may
not be combined into an optional unit. After the game
is in progress, optional units may be formed from units
on the map. Units to be combined into a panzer corps
must begin the Administration Phase stacked together.
During this phase, remove the divisions and replace
them with the corps counter. Units to be combined into
a Soviet tank army must begin the Administration
Phase stacked in two adjacent hexes according to the
rules for stacking units (section 7.0). Replace the
Soviet divisions by placing the tank army in either of
the two hexes the divisions occupied. These units may
be moved before they are combined (or broken down).
20.4 OPTIONAL UNIT EFFECTS
The obvious advantages to creating a tank army or
panzer corps are the net gain in combat strength and
the ability to concentrate more strength in a hex. These
units function like other combat units with the
following exceptions:
a. They may not end any phase in a city hex.
b. Only one tank army or panzer corps may end a
phase in a hex. Although they count as only one unit
for stacking purposes, two of these units may not stack
together.
c. Tank armies and panzer corps may not move or
attack in an Exploitation Segment following a
breakthrough as can other armor type units.
d. Tank armies and panzer corps may not be used as
reserves.
e. If these optional units are forced to take losses, they
are first reduced to their component divisions, and then
the losses are deducted. The component divisions or
battlegroups remaining must then retreat so as to
conform to stacking limits (see section 7.0, Stacking).
f. Panzer corps may not be supplied by air.
g. Panzer corps, and Tank Armies may not be sea
transported.
Broken down tank armies and panzer corps may be
rebuilt. Intact optional units may be broken down into
the divisions that make it up during the Administration
Phase by replacing the counter on the map with the
division counters (the Soviet divisions must be placed
in adjacent hexes to conform to the rules for stacking).
21.0 VICTORY CONDITIONS
Each scenario lists objectives for either the Axis or
Soviet side. If the player whose side is assigned the
objectives holds them at the end of the last turn of the
scenario, he wins. If he does not fulfill the
requirements listed by the end of the turn of the
scenario, his opponent wins. Objectives listed in the
scenario must be occupied by supplied units (see
section 5.0, Supply) to be considered in control of the
side assigned those objectives.
The scenarios generally require one side or the other to
capture and hold a minimum number of listed city
objectives. In addition the objective cities listed, all
cities on the map are potential victory point objectives.
In order to win, the player assigned the objectives must
capture that number of cities called for by the scenario,
with all cities on the map being eligible. Any city on
the map that starts the game on or behind an enemy
start line counts as an objective if captured. If the
attacker loses cities, he must increase his captures to
maintain a winning margin.
For example, in the Kiev Pocket scenario, the Axis
player is required to capture 5 objectives to win. In
addition to the cities listed for the scenario, all other
cities in Soviet hands at the scenario's start are eligible
victory objectives. The capture of any five of these
cities will result in an Axis victory. If the Soviet player
captures two Axis controlled cities, then the Axis
player must capture 7 Soviet cities to win (maintaining
the 5 city margin).
In certain scenarios, towns are included in the list of
objectives for those scenarios only. Towns listed as
objectives remain objectives, in addition to the cities
on the map. For example, Belgorod and Izyum are
eligible victory objectives for the Backhand Blow
scenario only.
22.0 STARTING A SCENARIO
Open the Scenarios and Study Folder to the scenario
that is to be played. The map and the start lines
overlaid on it detail where the various units of each
side are to be placed before starting to play. The units
of each side available at the beginning of the scenario
are detailed on the set-up display on the page opposite
the map. Players should assemble the number of each
type of unit called for on the set-up display. These
units are placed on the game map according to the
deployment notes and start lines on the scenario map.
The length of the scenario in terms of Game-Turns and
the reinforcements for each side are shown in the
center of the scenario set-up display. In all scenarios
the entire map is in play. The scenario instructions
indicate which player must set-up first. All of his units
must be placed on their positions, ready for play to
begin, before the other player begins to set-up. Also
indicated is the player whose player turn comes first.
There may also be certain special deployment
instructions listed, such as: "60 combat strength points
of units must set-up in Area D". A total specified such
as this may be made up of ground combat units of any
type.
23.0 DEPLOYMENT INSTRUCTIONS
The units depicted in the columns at the outside edges
of the setup display under "Axis Forces" and "Soviet
Forces" are the units available for initial deployment.
The unit picture shows the unit type. Next to each
picture is an "x" followed by a number, which
indicates the total number of units of that type
available to that player. In many cases this number is
followed by a number/letter combination, such as
"4W". This means that four units of this type must be
deployed on the map in deployment area W. The
notation "1VY" means that one unit of that type must
be deployed in both areas V and Y. The remaining
units of a certain type not specifically allocated to a
certain area may be deployed in any non-prohibited
area, within stacking limits. The players are left a large
measure of discretion as to where their units are
placed, though many times they will be required to
place units of any type along the start line such that
each start line hex is occupied by units and/or ZOC's.
Only that portion of the start line shown on the map
with the appropriately coded line pattern (if any) must
be covered in this way. The key to the start lines is
presented below. Sometimes a deployment area is
limited to a single hex. In this case, the deployment
letter shown on the map is enclosed in a circle. Units
with a circled deployment letter must deploy in the
exact hex indicated. (In a few cases a city off the page
is indicated by a circled letter with an arrow pointing
to the specified city.)
Note: No CAP or other markers may be placed in
initial deployment set-ups with the following
exception: In addition to the units shown, up to two
bridgehead markers may be deployed by each side in
each scenario set-up.
24.0 SCENARIO MAP START LINES
The start lines shown on the scenario maps in the
Scenarios and Study Folder indicate the front line
hexes for one or both players. Lines in black indicate
Axis deployment, and lines in red indicate Soviet
deployment. The hexes containing the start line on the
map represent the farthest forward location which units
from that side may occupy. The scenario map outlines
the entire front line (separating the units of the two
sides), and also indicates whether the front line must
be occupied entirely by units, or by units and their
ZOC's. Start lines with no occupation requirement may
be occupied, but it is not mandatory. These lines are
the closest to each other that units of the two sides may
be placed. For those scenarios not showing a Soviet
set-up line, the Soviet forces generally may set-up in
any hexes east and/or south of the Axis start line
shown on the scenario map. They may set-up adjacent
to the start line, but may never set-up on or to the west
of the line. Units may set-up adjacent to enemy units.
START LINE KEY
All hexes must be occupied.
All hexes must contain units or their
ZOCs
Start line with no occupational
requirements.
Deployment area boundary
Units must deploy in specific area
shown.
Red lines indicate Soviet area; Black lines indicate
Axis area.
COUNTER ABBREVIATIONS
LAH = Leibstandarte Adolph Hitler, DR = Das Reich,
Wik = Wiking, Tot = Totenkopf, GrD = Gross
Deutschland, Jag = jager, Sec = Security, Tr =
Training, KG = Kampfgruppe (battlegroup) or
Kampfgeschwader, ZC = Zerstoer-ergeschwader, STG
= (Stuermgeschwader, LG = Lehrgeschwader, ACS =
Army Group South, Comp = Composite, A.I.R. =
Armata Italiana di Russia, Gds = Guards, M =
Mechanized, AA = Air Army, S.W. = Southwestern
Front, CAU = Caucasus Front, UK = Ukrainian, Stal =
Stalingrad, BG = Battlegroup.
25.0 SCENARIO TURN RECORD TRACK
The length of the Turn Record Track indicates the
number of Game-Turns in the scenario. The Game-
Turn marker is placed in the first space on the track
and is advanced at the end of each Game-Turn until the
final Game-Turn of the scenario is over. Also shown
for reference is the date of the beginning of the
historical situation being simulated.
COMPONENTS
22"x32"Mapboard 520 Die Cut Counters Rules
Booklet Scenarios and Study Folder 2 Charts and
Tables Cards 1 Scenario Card 1 Six-Sided Die
26.0 SCENARIO REINFORCEMENTS
AND REPLACEMENTS
Additional units for each side which will enter the
game as reinforcements are shown next to the Turn
Record Track at the Game-Turn of their appearance.
The graphic displays show the type of unit which is
available. Above each unit picture is a number or range
of numbers which indicate the entry hex or hexes on
which those specific units may appear. For example,
"11-14" indicates that the units depicted may be
brought onto the map in entry hex 11, 12,13, or 14.
Below the unit picture is a number following an "x"
which indicates how many units of that type now enter.
Reinforcement units are brought into play according to
the rules for entering the map, section 6.4.
The set-up display also specifies the number of
battlegroups which may be rebuilt on a given turn, by
type (infantry or armor). If a battlegroup may be
rebuilt on every second turn, this means turns 2, 4, 6,
etc. If this option to rebuild a battlegroup is not
exercised on the turn specified, it may not be saved for
use on a following turn. Unused replacement capacity
is lost. No more than one battlegroup of the indicated
type may be rebuilt during a single turn.