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RFsitesurveybasics RFWIRELESS
ThisarticledescribesRFsitesurveybasics,RFsurvey TUTORIALS
typesandRFsurveytoolsusedforpreinstallationverification
Zigbee | zwave |
ofGSM,LTE,CDMA,UMTSnetworks.
Bluetooth | GSM |

RFSurveyiscollectionofdatafromthesiteorinthefield UMTS | LTE |

requiredtoinstallanewsite.Thisisessentialforvarious WLAN | 802.11ac |
reasonssuchascellsiteanalysis,determiningcoverage IoT | RADAR |
regionofproposednewcellSite,fordecidingthetypeoflink
satellite |
connectivitywithanothercellsite.Thistaskwillresultinto
Waveguide |
physicalchangesintheexistingnetworkduetomodification
oradditionofnewsites/equipments.

InordertoperformRFsurveyworkcustomerwillusually TOPARTICLES
providefollowingdetailsreferredasnominalpointor RFWArticlesMain
referencepoint. Index

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Latitudevalueandlongitudevalue EMRadiation
XYcoordinates RFEnergy
Harvesting
DetailsofNorth/Eastcoordinate
RFSiteSurvey
LocationAreaname
RFConverterDesign
Sensorsand
RFSurveycanalsohelpsinanalyzingissuesintheexisting
Transducers
GSM/CDMA/LTEorVSATnetworks.Issuescanbe
IoTboonorCurse
intereferenceormultipathdistortionorconstructionofnew
Microstriptypes&
buildingneartotheexistingcelltower.BydoingRFSurvey, basics
wecaneliminatetheseproblemssotheinstalledRFnetwork LTEBasics
willfunctionsatisfactorily.Likeotherprojectplanning,RFsite VSATsystembasics
surveyworkalsoshouldbewellplannedsothatitsexecution RFFilterDesign

aswellasfinalnetworkrolloutwillbeexecutedeffectively IEEE802articles

andefficiently.BeforegoingforRFsitesurveyoftheearth
POPULAR
region,itisessentialtoanalyzetheregionfirst.Forthisall TUTORIALS
theavailableresourcesshouldbeusedsuchasaerial DECT|ISDN|ATM|
photos,GoogleMaps,GoogleEarthetc. WBAN|TransferJet|
BLE|Femtocell|
TherearedifferenttypesoftowerforwhichRFsurveyneed HSPA|BACnet|
tobedone: Ethernet|TETRA|
GroundBaseTower(GBT)Avg.Towerheight3060meter Underwaterwireless|
RoofTopTower(RTT)Avg.TowerHeight1827meter 5G|LiFi|LoRa|

RoofTopPole(RTP)StandardHeightofRoofTopPoleis NFC|Infrared|RF
measurements|
3M,6M&9MfromARL(AboveRoofLevel).
VSAT|Diode|SS7|
Networking|Network
Security|FTTH|
KNX|WAP|Mobile
IP

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TheprocedureorstepstoperformaRFsitesurveyareas
follows:

IdentifythepotentialprobableRFobstaclesusingfacility
diagram.

Visuallyinspectthelocationtolookforanybarriersinthe
pathofRFsignalpropagation.Alsoidentifymetallic
structuresifany.

Identifyhighlycongestedmobileuserareasaswellasless
congestedareas.

Determinelocationsincludingthepowerandwirednetwork
accessatthefacility.Alsodeterminecellcoverageand
overlapmaps.Finalizefrequencychannelforthesiteaswell
asmountingstructurestobebuildwithproperspecifications
aspersizeoftheantennaandotherequipments(ifany)etc.

Performtheactualsurveyinginordertoverifyandfinalize

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theBaseStation/NodeB/eNB/eNodeBlocation.Makesureto
usethesameBaseStationmodelforthesurveythatisused
inproductionforfuturenetworkrollouts.WhiletheRFsurvey
isbeingperformed,relocatetheBaseStationsasneeded
andretesttoobtainmax.signalstrengthcondition.

Finalizeanddocumenttheanalysismadeduringthe
survey.Recordthesignalreadingsalongwithdataratesas
wellasnetworklogs(ifany)atvariouslocationsofthefacility.
Dothesameatouterboundaryregions.

TypesofRFSurvey
TherearetwotypesofRFSurveyasmentionedbelow:
1.RadioNetworkDesign(RND)survey
2.TransmissionNetworkDesign(TND)survey

RNDsurveyisusedfordecidingthecoveragezoneofacell
Site&feasibilityofcellsite,forwhichwehavetodecidethe
followingthing.
CellSiteLocationPoint
Orientation/AzimuthofGSMAntenna
HeightofGSMAntenna
TiltoftheGSMAntenna
RNDsurveysareoftwotypesviz.CoverageSiteSurveyand
CapacitySiteSurvey.

TNDSurveyisthepathstudybetweenthenewsitepointto
theexistingSitePointfordecidingtheheightofmicrowave
antennathatisforfresnelzoneclearance.

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Therearevariousmethodsforconnectingdifferentcellsites
suchasmicrowavelink,satellitelinkusingVSATandoptical
fibercable.

Microwaveantennaisusedtoconstructradiofrequencylink
withanothernearbycellularsite.ThisRFlinkisreferredas
microwavelinkduetomicrowavefrequency.Therearetotally
threedifferentmicrowavelinkfrequencieswhichare
categorizedonthebasisofdistancebetweenthetwocell
sites.Theseareasfollows:
23GHzfor0to3Km
15GHzfor0to10Km
7GHzfor10Kmandabove

RFSurveyToolsforGSM,LTE,
CDMAnetworkInstallation
FollowingarethelistofRFsurveytoolsusedbyengineers
forRFsitesurveytoinstallGSM,CDMA,UMTS,LTE
networksacrosstheworld.

GPS:Itisaspacebasedsatellitenavigationsystemthat
provideslocationandtimeinformation.Thisworks
irrespectiveofweatherconditionsprovidedthereisanun
obstructedLOSwith4ormoreGPSsatellitesplacedabove
theearth.IthelpustoprovideinformationssuchasLatLong,
Acceleration,HighwayMap,DirectionandDistancebetween
toLatLongetc.Therearetwotypesviz.12channelGPS
and72channelGPS.

DistanceLaserMeter:AnelectronicToolwhichmeasures
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thedistancebyusinglaserbeam.Itismainlyusedto
measuretheheightordimensionsofBuildingorthesite.

Magneticcompass:Itisusedforcheckingantenna
direction.Itisusedfortaking12pictureseachtakingafter
exact30degreetocomplete360degreeview.

Binocularwithhighvisualrange

Digitalcamera:Usedtotakephotographsforvarious
situationsasrequiredintheRFsurveyreport.Takephotos
ofnearestbuilding/buildingswhicharewithin20meters
radiusofcandidate.AnybuildingofheightG+5orabove
within20meterssearchringofcandidate,willbeconsidered
asObstruction.Obstructionphotowillberequireinthe
report.

UltimeterItisusedformeasuringAMSL(AboveMeanSea
Level)value.

Theitemsarealsobeessentiale.g.measuringtapeand
Laptop.

Followingsoftwaretoolsarealsorequiredinadditiontothe
RFsurveytoolsmentionedabove.
MapInfoProfessional(Version6.5,7,8,8.5,9)
PathLoss(Version3.0&4.0)
RLTool(DemoVersion)
GlobalMapper(Version7,8,9&Now10)
MintTool(ForMapInfoTools)
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CellTool/MakeSector/Sitesee(ForMapInfoTools)
GoogleEarth
MicrosoftOffice

GSMradiofrequencyplanning
ThetutorialcoveringGSMradiofrequencybandsvsARFCN,
channelnumber,radiofrequencyplanning,frequencyreuse
toefficientlyuseGSMRFspectrumandfrequencyallocation
toGSMchannels,
READMORE

RFandWirelessTerminologies
SATELLITERFAntennaAvionicsWirelessLiFivsWiFi
MiFivsWiFiBPSKvsQPSKBJTvsFETPDHvsSDH
CSvsPSMSvsPS

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