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BJT Part (3)

Maha George Zia


Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Department
Outlines
BJT Bias Circuits
Amplifier operation
Linear Amplifire
Important Parameters: ZI, Zo, Av, and AI
BJT Bias Circuits
The Thevenin equivalent of the bias circuit, connected to
the transistor base, is shown below

and
Q1. Calculate IE and VCE for the circuit in Figure below using
the approximations VE = -1 V and IC = IE.
Q2. Determine how much the Q-point (IC, VCE) for the circuit in
Figure below will change over a temperature range where DC
increases from 100 to 200.
Q3. The base-bias circuit from Example (2) is converted to
emitter-feedback bias by the addition of 1K a emitter resistor.
All other values are the same, and a transistor with a DC= 100
is used. Determine how much the Q-point will change if the first
transistor is replaced with one having a DC= 200. Compare the
results to those of the base-bias circuit
Amplifier operation
The biasing of a transistor is purely a dc operation. The
purpose of biasing is to establish a Q-point about which
variations in current and voltage can occur in response
to an ac input signal.

In applications where small signal voltages must be


amplified such as from an antenna or a microphone
variations about the Q-point are relatively small.
Amplifiers designed to handle these small ac signals are
often referred to as small-signal amplifiers.
dc quantities were identified by
non-italic uppercase (capital)
subscripts such as IC, IE, VC, and
VCE
Lowercase italic subscripts are used to
indicate ac quantities of rms, peak,
and peak-to-peak currents and voltages
for example, Ic, Ie, Ib, Vc, and Vce
(rms values are assumed )

Instantaneous quantities are represented by both lowercase letters


and subscripts such as ic, ie, ib, and vce

Rc = collector resistance
RC = dc collector resistance (all capital letters)
rc = ac collector resistance (all small letters)
Linear Amplifire
A linear amplifier provides amplification of a signal without
any distortion so that the output signal is an exact amplified
replica of the input signal

An amplifier with voltage-divider bias driven by an ac voltage


source with an internal resistance, Rs
Transistor always produces a phase inversion between the
base voltage and the collector voltage

Graphical ac load line operation of the amplifier showing the variation of


the base current, collector current ,and collector-to-emitter voltage about
their dc Q-point values. Ib and Ic are on different scales because Ic>Ib
Important Parameters: ZI, Zo, Av, and AI
For the two-port (two pairs of terminals) system of the Fig. below, the
input side (the side to which the signal is normally applied) is to the
left and the output side (where the load is connected) is to the right
The input impedance is:

Q3. For the system below, determine the level of input impedance
The output impedance is:

Q4.For the system shown below, determine the level of output


impedance

The voltage gain is defined by:

The current gain is defined by:

Common Emitter (CE) amplifiers exhibit high voltage gain and high current gain
The voltage gain of a Common Collector (CC) amplifier (which also called
Emitter follower) is approximately 1, and its main advantages are its high
input resistance and current gain.
The common-base (CB) amplifier provides high voltage gain with a maximum
current gain of 1.
AI AV ZI Zo
CE medium medium medium medium
CC high 1 high low
CB 1 high low high

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