11.

IF Clauses
Type I PRESENT FUTURE

Vb. Short Inf. Will + vb.Inf.

Type II PAST PRESENT CONDITIONAL

Vb.II/-ed should/ would + vb.Inf.

Type III PAST PERFECT PAST CONDITIONAL

Had + vb. III/-ed should/ would+have+vb.III/-ed

Type I. IF PRESENT , FUTURE (tipul I se refera la viitor)

If I have time , I will go to the party.

Daca voi avea timp, voi merge la petrecere.

PRESENT , PRESENT (se folosesc atunci cand vorbim despre ceva

adevarat in prezent)

If you burn yourself , it hurts.

Daca te arzi, te doare.

PRESENT PERFECT , IMPERATIVE/ CAN/ MAY (se foloseste Present

Perfect cand actiunea s-a terminat si are efect in prezent)

If you have finished eating, clean the table.

 Daca ai terminat de mancat, curata masa.

E.g. If she ... me, I will be shocked. (Daca ma va suna, voi fi socat.)

a) called

b) will call

c) calls (daca avem viitor in principala atunci alegem prezent in secundara)

d) would call

Type II. IF PAST , PRESENT CONDITIONAL (tipul II se refera la

prezent)

(should/would/could/might + Vb. Inf)

If I had money , I would/could/might buy a new PC.

Daca as avea bani , as cumpara un computer nou.

PAST , PAST (se folosesc pentru a vorbi de un adevar in trecut)

If you had a job in the past, you were happy.

(Daca aveai o slujba in trecut, erai fericit.)

E.g. If she ... dogs, she ... five. (Daca nu ar iubi cainii, nu ar avea cinci.)

a) didn't love/ won't have

b) didn't love/ wouldn't have

c) wouldn't love/ wouldn't have

d) hadn't loved/ won't have

Type III . IF PAST PERFECT , PAST CONDITIONAL (tipul III se refera la

trecut)

(Had + Vb. III/ -ed) (should/would/could/might + HAVE + Vb. III/-ed)

If I had known , I would/could/might have come to help you.

Daca as fi stiut , as fi venit sa te ajut.

E.g. Daca ar fi fost bogat, el ar fi cumparat un Ferrari. (pentru ca se refera la trecut, se

traduce prin tipul III de conditionala)

a) If he were rich, he would buy a Ferrari. (aici avem tipul II de conditionala care se
traduce: Daca ar fi bogat, ar cumpara un Ferrari.)

b) If he had been rich, he would have bought a Ferrari. (tipul III de conditionala -> Past
Perfect + Past Conditional)

c) He will buy a Ferrari if he is rich. (aici avem tipul I de conditionala care se traduce: El va
cumpara un Ferrari daca va fi bogat.)

d) If he would have been rich, he would have bought a Ferrari. (nu se foloseste would dupa
IF)

Inversiuni in Conditionale - se folosesc pentru a accentua pe idee:

In Conditionale inversiunea se face inlocuind IF cu SHOULD la tipul I si WERE la tipul II si

III. Tipul III mai poate inlocui IF cu HAD.

Type 1. IF + S + SHOULD + VB. INF. ... => SHOULD + S + Vb. INF. ...

If I should meet him, I will tell him the news. (Daca se intampla sa il intalnesc,
ii voi spune vestile.) =>

Should I meet him, I will tell him the news. (Daca se intampla sa il intalnesc, ii voi spune
vestile.)
E.g. If you happen to see Sarah, give her my love. (Daca se intampla sa o vezi pe Sarah,
transmite-i dragostea mea.)

a) If you will see Sarah, you will give her my love. (nu se pune will dupa IF)

b) Should you see Sarah, give her my love.

c) If you were to see Sarah, you would give her my love. (tipul II de conditionala)

d) Will you see Sarah, give her my love. (nu se inlocuieste IF cu WILL ci cu SHOULD)

Type 2. IF + S + PAST SIMPLE + ... => WERE + S + LONG INFINITIVE + ...

If I saw her there, I would be surprised. (Daca as vedea-o acolo, as fi surprins.)

If I were to see her there, I would be surprised. (PAST SIMPLE se transforma in

WERE + Long Inf.)

Were I to see her there, I would be surprised.

!!! Atentie: nu se foloseste WAS in tipul II de conditionala ci se foloseste WERE pentru

toate persoanele.

E.g. If I met him, I wouldnt say that . (Daca l-as intalni, nu as spune asta .)

a) Were I to meet him, I wouldnt say that.

b) Would I meet him, I wouldnt say that. (nu se inlocuieste IF cu WOULD ci cu WERE)

c) Were I to met him, I wouldnt have said that. ( constructia corecta este WERE + to Infinitiv,
nu exista to met)

d) Were I to have met him, I wouldnt say that. (WERE + Perfect Infinitive se foloseste la tipul
III de conditionala)

!!! Pentru expresia: If I were you/ if I were in your place (daca as fi tu/ daca as fi in locul
tau), inversiunea este: Were I you/ Were I in your place
Tipul III de conditionala face inversiunea in doua feluri:

Type 3. IF + S + PAST PERFECT + ... => HAD + S + Vb. III/ -ED + ...

If I had seen him, I would have talked with him. (Daca l-as fi vazut, as fi vorbit cu
el.)

Had I seen him, I would have talked with him.

E.g. If he had found out the truth, he would have been upset . (Daca el ar fi aflat adevarul,
ar fi fost suparat .)

a) Were he to find out the truth, he would have been upset. (WERE + Vb. Infinitiv lung se
foloseste pentru tipul II de conditionala)

b) Had he to have found out the truth, he would have been upset. (nu se pune HAD ci WERE
in loc de IF daca avem constructie cu infinitiv)

c) Had he found out the truth, he would have been upset.

d) Were he to have found out the truth, he would be upset. (nu avem timpul corect in
principala, would + VB. INF. se foloseste in tipul II de conditionala)

IF + S + PAST PERFECT + ... => WERE + S + PERFECT INFINITIVE (to have +

Vb. III/ -ed) + ...

If I had seen him, I would have talked with him. (Daca l-as fi vazut, as fi vorbit cu
el.)

If I were to have seen him, I would have talked with him. (Past Perfect se transforma
in WERE + TO HAVE + Vb. III/ -ED)

Were I to have seen him, I would have talked with him.

E.g. If she had learned more, she would have passed the exam. (Daca ar fi invatat mai mult,
ar fi trecut examenul.)

a) Were she to learn more, she would have passed the exam. (were + Infinitive se foloseste la
tipul II de conditionala)

b) Were she to have learned more, she would have passed the exam.
c) Should she learn more, she would pass the exam. (Should + Infinitive se foloseste pentru
tipul I de conditionala)

d) Were she to had learned more, she would have passed the exam. (Infinitivul Perfect are
forma TO HAVE + Vb. III/ -ED si nu TO HAD)

De asemenea exista duoua expresii pentru tipul II si III de conditionala care formeaza
inversiuni in felul urmator:

If it were not for (de n-ar fi) her, theyd be in trouble.

Type II Were it not for (de n-ar fi) her, theyd be in trouble.

But for (de n-ar fi) her, theyd be in trouble.

De n-ar fi ea, ei ar avea probleme. (dupa aceste expresii se foloseste un pronume

sau un substantiv)

If it hadnt been for (de n-ar fi fost) her, I would have died.

Type III Had it not been for (de n-ar fi fost) her, I would have died.

But for (de n-ar fi fost) her , I would have died.

De n-ar fi fost ea, as fi murit. (dupa aceste expresii se foloseste un pronume)

IF poate fi inlocuit cu:

UNLESS (daca nu), ON CONDITION THAT (cu conditia), SO LONG AS (atata timp cat), AS
LONG AS (atata timp cat), PROVIDING (cu conditia), PROVIDED (cu conditia), SUPPOSE
(sa presupunem), SUPPOSING (sa presupunem), OTHERWISE (altminteri), ONLY IF (doar
daca), WHAT IF (ce ar fi daca), EVEN IF (chiar daca), IN CASE (in caz ca)

I wont help you if you dont give me money. (Nu te voi ajuta daca nu imi vei da bani.)

I wont help you unless you give me money. (Nu te voi ajuta daca nu imi vei da bani.)

If I have time, I will come. (Daca voi avea timp, voi veni.)
I will come provided I have time. (Voi veni cu conditia sa am timp.)

!!! Atentie:

Daca incepem cu secundara si avem ONLY IF la inceput, atunci se face inversiune intre WILL
si Subiect in principala:

I will come only if I have time. (Voi veni numai daca voi avea timp.)

Only if I have time, WILL I come. (Numai daca voi avea timp, voi veni.)

Daca avem Prezent sau Imperativ sau Viitor in principala atunci dupa in case se foloseste
present sau may:

Take your umbrella in case it rains/ may rain/ should rain/ will rain/ would rain. (Ia
umbrela in caz ca ploua.)

Daca avem Trecut in principala atunci dupa in case se foloseste past sau might:

I took my umbrella in case it rained/ might rain/ would rain. (Mi-am luat umbrela in caz ca
ploua.)

!!!!! Dupa unless (daca nu) nu se folosesc negatii, will sau would:

UNLESS: Negative

WILL

WOULD

E.g. Unless she ... us with the chores around the house, we wont give her money. (Daca nu
ne ajuta cu treburile in casa, nu o sa ii dam bani.)

a) will help

b) wont help

c) doesnt help

d) helps
La tipul I de conditionala se poate folosi WILL dupa IF DACA WILL este Verb Modal si
exprima:

1. willingness (vointa)

E.g. If you want to come to the party, Ill be glad. (Daca vrei sa vii la petrecere, voi fi
bucuros.)

If you will come to the party, Ill be glad. (Daca vrei sa vi la petrecere, voi fi
bucuros.)

2. refusal (refuz)

E.g. If you refuse to help us, Ill get upset. (Daca refuzi sa ne ajuti, ma voi supara.)

If you wont help us, Ill be upset. (Daca refuzi sa ne ajuti, ma voi supara.)

3. polite request (cerere politicoasa)

E.g. If you are kind enough to wait here, Ill announce you. (Daca sunteti dragut sa
asteptati aici, va voi anunta.)

If you will wait here, Ill announce you. (Daca sunteti dragut sa asteptati aici, va voi
anunta.)

4. habit/insistence (obicei/ insistenta)

E.g. If you insist on/ keep on smoking so much, youll get lung cancer. (Daca insisti sa
fumezi/ continui sa fumezi atat de mult, o sa faci cancer la plamani.)

If you will smoke so much, youll get lung cancer. (Daca insisti sa fumezi/ continui
sa fumezi atat de mult, o sa faci cancer la plamani.)

La tipul II de conditionala se poate folosi WOULD dupa IF DACA WOULD este Verb Modal
si exprima:

1. Willingness (vointa)

E.g. If you wanted to give me money, Id be grateful. (Daca ai vrea sa imi dai bani, ti-as fi
recunoscator.)
 If you would give me money, Id be grateful. (Daca ai vrea sa imi dai bani, ti-as fi
recunoscator.)

2. Refusal (refuz)

E.g. If you refused to help, theyd be annoyed. (Daca ai refuza sa ajuti, ei ar fi enervati.)

If you wouldnt help, theyd be annoyed. (Daca ai refuza sa ajuti, ei ar fi enervati.)

3. polite request (cerere politicoasa)

E.g. If you were kind enough to wait here, I would announce you. (Daca ati fi dragut sa asteptati
aici, v-as anunta.)

If you would wait here, I would announce you. (Daca ati fi dragut sa asteptati aici, v-as
anunta.)

MIXED CONDITIONALS (Conditionalele mixate)

If Clause Main Clause

Type III ------------------------ Type II

Past Perfect Present Conditional

(had + Vb. III/ -ed) (should/ would + Infinitiv Scurt)

If you had helped me then, I wouldnt be in trouble now. (Daca m-ai fi ajutat atunci, nu as
avea probleme acum.)

Aceasta combinatie se foloseste atunci cand o actiune din trecut are efect in prezent.
(trebuie sa avem un cuvant care sa arate ca suntem in prezent -> NOW)

E.g. Ea nu ar fi faimoasa acum daca nu ar fi castigat la loto.

a) She wouldnt have been famous if she hadnt won the lottery. (Type III)
b) She wouldnt be famous now if she hadnt won the lottery. (Type III then + Type II -
now) (trebuie sa avem un cuvant care sa arate ca suntem in prezent -> NOW)

c) She wouldnt be famous now if she didnt win the lottery. (TypeII:Pres.Cond.+Past S)

d) Had she not won the lottery, she wont be famous now. (Type III + Type I)

Type II .................................. Type III

Past Simple Past Conditional

(Vb. II/ -ed) (should/ would + have + Vb. III/ -ed)

If I were you, I wouldnt have married her. (Daca eram in locul tau, nu m-as fi casatorit cu
ea.)

Type II ................................. Type I

Past Simple Future

(Vb. II/ -ed) (shall/ will + Verb Infinitiv Scurt)

If he trained hard, he will win the contest. (Daca s-a antrenat din greu, va castiga
concursul.)

Rephrase with IF Clauses:

If it is necessary, I will tell a lie. => If necessary, I will tell a lie. (Daca este necesar, voi spune o
minciuna.)

If you are in need, call the help line. => If in need, call the help line. (Daca esti la nevoie, suna
linia de urgenta.)

If you are in trouble, give me a call. => If in trouble, give me a call. (Daca ai probleme, suna-
ma.)
If the weather permits it, we will go for a picnic. => Weather permitting, we will go for a
picnic. (Daca vremea permite, noi vom merge la un picnic.)

If you are frightened, hold my hand. => If frightened, hold my hand. (Daca esti speriat, tine-ma
de mana.)

If I am given the chance, I will do it. => Given the chance, I will do it. (Daca mi se da sansa, o
voi face.)

If they ask you/ you are asked, tell them you know nothing. => If asked, tell them you know
nothing. (Daca te intreaba/ Daca esti intrebat, spune-le ca nu sti nimic.)

If you wash the dishes, I will clean the room. => You wash the dishes and I will clean the room.
(Daca speli vasele, voi curata camera. -> Tu spala vasele si eu curat camera.)

The car is beautiful although it is a little expensive. => The car is beautiful if a little expensive.
(Masina este frumoasa desi este umpic cam scumpa.)
12. The Subjunctive Mood
Subjonctivul este folosit pentru a descrie lucruri sau actiuni care sunt vazute ca fiind
nereale, imaginate sau improbabile. Se traduce in limba romana prin Conjunctiv.

e.g. I wish I were taller.

(As vrea sa fiu mai inalt. - dar nu sunt mai inalt)

FORMELE SUBJONCTIVULUI SUNT:

o Past Simple (vb.II/-ed)/ Past Continuous (WERE + vb. -ing) ATENTIE:

la Subjonctiv se foloseste WERE pentru toate persoanele
o Past Perfect Simple (had + vb.III/-ed)

o Infinitivul Scurt care este verbul fara TO in fata => to eat (Infinitiv
Lung) - eat (Infinitiv Scurt)
o Should + Infinitiv

Formele Subjonctivului se folosesc dupa anumite expresii fixe sau dupa anumite
verbe si adjective.

GROUP 1:

o Past Simple/ Past Continuous

o Past Perfect Simple

Aceste forme de trecut se folosesc dupa anumite expresii fixe si verbe pentru a descrie actiuni
sau lucruri in prezent, trecut sau viitor care sunt imaginate sau nu sunt reale.

Expresiile fixe si verbele dupa care se folosesc timpurile trecute ("unreal" past) sunt:

If only (daca/ ce-ar fi daca), Would rather (a prefera), Would sooner (a prefera), Its time (e
timpul), Its high time (e timpul), Its about time (e timpul), As if (de parca), As though (de
parca), Suppose (sa presupunem), Supposing (sa presupunem), What if (ce-ar fi daca), Wish (a
dori) (vezi grilele 1 si 3)
PAST SIMPLE se foloseste cand ne referim la ceva imaginar, nereal in PREZENT:

e.g. I wish she gave me more money. (As vrea ca ea sa imi dea mai multi bani.)

It's time we went to bed now. (E timpul ca noi sa mergem la culcare acum.)

PAST CONTINUOUS se foloseste cand ne referim la ceva imaginar, nereal in VIITOR:

e.g. I wish you were visiting us tomorrow. (As vrea sa ne vizitezi maine.)

PAST PERFECT se foloseste cand ne referim la ceva nereal din TRECUT:

e.g. I wish I had learned more last year. (As vrea sa fi invatat mai mult anul trecut.)

!!! ATENTIE: nu putem folosi o negatie dupa it's time:

e.g. It's time we didn't stay./ It's time we left. (E timpul sa plecam.)

!!! ATENTIE: in mod normal se foloseste WERE la toate persoanele atunci cand vorbim de
situatii formale, DAR se poate folosi si WAS numai ca in acest caz exprimarea este informala.

e.g. If I were you, I would study more. (Daca as fi in locul tau, as invata mai mult. - formal)

If I was you, I would study more. (Daca as fi in locul tau, as invata mai mult. - informal)

!!! ATENTIE: dupa WISH sau IF ONLY se poate folosi in propozitia secundara WOULD +
Verb la Infinitiv Scurt atunci cand vrem sa criticam sau sa ne plangem de ceva sau cand
actiunea ne enerveaza (vezi grila 4):

e.g. I wish she would stop crying because it's getting on my nerves.

(As vrea ca ea sa se opreasca din plans pentru ca ma enerveaza.)

If only the sun would come out. (De-ar iesi soarele.)

I wish they would have told me the truth when I was younger.
 (se foloseste WOULD HAVE + VBIII/-ed cand ne referim la trecut) (vezi grila 5)

(As vrea ca ei sa imi fi spus adevarul cand eram mai tanar.)

!!! ATENTIE: nu putem folosi WOULD dupa WISH daca avem acelasi subiect pentru
WISH si pentru actiunea din secundara (vezi grila 6):

e.g. I wish I would be more energetic. (nu se poate pentru ca subiectul lui wish si would este
acelasi)

I wish I were more energetic./ I wish I could be more energetic. (As vrea sa fiu/ sa pot sa fiu
mai energic.)

!!! ATENTIE: nu se poate folosi WOULD dupa WISH/ IF ONLY daca schimbarea pe care
o dorim este imposibila (de exemplu o situatie asupra careia subiectul nu are nici un control).
Schimbarea pe care o dorim trebuie sa fie posibila chiar daca este improbabila.

e.g. I wish sports cars wouldn't be so expensive. (As vrea ca masinile sport sa nu fie asa de
scumpe.)

(Nu este corect pentru ca masinile nu au nici un control asupra pretului lor.)

I wish sports cars weren't so expensive. (As vrea ca masinile sport sa nu fie asa de scumpe.)

!!! ATENTIE: WOULD RATHER si WOULD SOONER se folosesc pentru a exprima

preferinte, pentru a da sau refuza permisiunea intr-un mod politicos sau pentru a face
sugestii.

Daca dupa WOULD RATHER/ WOULD SOONER AVEM UN SUBIECT atunci folosim
Past (pentru prezent) sau Past Perfect (pentru trecut). (vezi grila 2)

S1 + WOULD RATHER/ WOULD SOONER + S2 + PAST SIMPLE/ PAST PERFECT

e.g. I would rather you didn't smoke in here. (As prefera ca tu sa nu fumezi aici.)

He'd sooner we went to the disco tonight. (El ar prefera ca noi sa mergem la discoteca
diseara.)
 I'd rather they hadn't made so much noise last night. (As prefera ca ei sa nu fi facut atat de
mult zgomot noaptea trecuta.)

Daca dupa WOULD RATHER/ WOULD SOONER NU AVEM UN SUBIECT iar subiectul
care exprima preferinta este ACELASI cu subiectul preferintei atunci folosim Infinitiv Scurt
(pentru prezent) si Infinitiv Perfect Scurt (pentru trecut). (vezi grila 7)

S1 + WOULD RATHER/ WOULD SOONER + Short Infinitive/ Perfect Short Infinitive

I would rather not smoke in here. (As prefera sa nu fumez aici.)

He'd sooner go to the disco tonight. (El ar prefera sa mearga la discoteca diseara.)

I'd rather not have made so much noise last night. (As prefera sa nu fi facut atat de mult
zgomot noaptea trecuta.)

Exemple de grile:

1. It's time your brother ... your parents. (E timpul ca fratele tau sa ii ajute pe parintii vostri.)

a) helps

b) will help

c) helped (alegem Past Simple pentru ca avem referire la prezent)

d) must help

2. She would rather her brother ... last month. (Ea ar prefera ca fratele ei sa nu se fi casatorit
luna trecuta.)

a) hadn't married (alegem Past Perfect pentru ca avem referire la trecut -> last month)

b) didn't marry

c) hasn't married

d) not have married

3. She behaves as if she ... something I don't know. (Ea se poarta de parca ar sti ceva ce eu nu
stiu.)

a) know

b) knew (alegem Past Simple pentru ca avem referire la prezent)

c) will know

d) is knowing

4. She is always talking and Id like her to stop. (Ea vorbeste mereu si mi-ar placea ca ea sa se
opreasca.)

a) I wish she would stop talking. (As vrea ca ea sa se opreasca din vorbit.)

b) I wish she had stopped talking.

c) I wish she should stop talking.

d) I wish she stops talking.

(alegem would pentru ca este o actiune care enerveaza in prezent si avem doua subiecte diferite)

5. I wish they ... teasing me when I was a pupil. (Imi doresc ca ei sa se fi oprit din a ma tachina
cand eram elev.)

a) would stop

b) might had stopped

c) would have stopped (alegem would have +vb.III/ -ed pentru ca este actiune care enerva in
trecut)

d) stopped

6. They wish they ... so much because it is a nuisance. (Ei ar dori sa nu studieze atat de mult
pentru ca este o bataie de cap.)

a) didnt study (alegem Past Simple pentru ca avem referire la prezent)

b) wouldnt study (nu se poate folosi WOULD pentru ca avem ACELASI SUBIECT)

c) hadnt study

d) not study

7. She would sooner ... on a trip last month. (Ea ar prefera sa nu se fi dus intr-o excursie luna
trecuta.)

a) not go

b) didn't go

c) hadn't gone

d) not have gone (alegem Infinitiv Perfect Scurt pentru ca nu avem un al doilea subiect si avem
referire la trecut -> last month)

!!!!! ATENTIE: dupa AS IF si AS THOUGH se foloseste Past Simple sau Past Perfect Simple
atunci cand vrem sa spunem ca actiunea NU este reala:

e.g. He talks to the children as though they were stupid. (El le vorbeste copiilor de parca ar fi
prosti. - dar nu sunt prosti)

They are acting as if nothing had happened. (Ei se comporta de parca nimic nu s-ar fi
intamplat. - dar ceva s-a intamplat)

DAR se folosesc timpuri prezente (incluzand Present Perfect) dupa AS IF si AS THOUGH

pentru a arata ca este o posibilitate ca actiunea sa reflecte ceva REAL:

e.g. He sounds as if he knows what he's talking about. (Suna de parca stie ce vorbeste. - si chiar
are idee despre ce vorbeste)

You look as though you haven't eaten for days. (Arati de parca nu ai mancat de zile intregi.
- si chiar e posibil sa nu fi mancat)

De aceea la grila urmatoare asemanatoare cu cea care s-a dat in 2016 la sectiunea
drept de la Academia de Politie:
Jane is about to cry. It looks as if Jonathan ... her birthday again. (Jane este pe punctul sa
planga. Se pare ca Jonathan a uitat de ziua ei de nastere din nou.)

a) had been forgetting

b) had forgotten

c) has been forgetting

d) has forgotten

raspunsul corect este d) si nu b). Actiunea de a uita s-a intamplat in realitate si de aceea Jane
este pe punctul sa planga. a) si c) nu sunt corecte pentru ca verbul to forget este un verb de
gandire si deci nu se pune la aspect continuu. Dar capcana este la grila b) unde in mod normal s-
ar fi folosit Past Perfect dupa AS IF DACA actiunea nu s-a intamplat in realitate.

It looks as if Jonathan had forgotten her birthday again. -> Arata de parca Jonathan ar fi uitat de
ziua ei de nastere din nou. (dar nu a uitat-o)

It looks as if Jonathan has forgotten her birthday again. -> Se pare ca Jonathan a uitat de ziua ei
de nastere din nou. (si a uitat-o in realitate, de aceea Jane e pe punctul sa planga)

GROUP 2:

o Short Infinitive
o Should + Short Infinitive

Infinitivil Scurt si Should se folosesc dupa urmatoarele adjective, verbe si substantive

pentru a exprima ideea ca ceva este necesar, important sau dorit.

o Its (este) good (bine)/bad (rau)/ necessary (necesar)/ unnecessary (nenecesar)/ odd
(ciudat)/ strange (ciudat)/ amazing (uimitor)/ likely (posibil)/ unlikely (improbabil)/
great (grozav)/ advisable (recomandabil)/ desirable (de dorit)/ important
(important)/ essential (esential)/ vital (vital)/ preferable (preferabil) + THAT + S +
Vb. Short Infinitive/ SHOULD + Vb. Short Infinitive (vezi grila 1)

e.g. It's odd that they should say/ say that. (E ciudat ca ei sa spuna asta.) (referire la prezent)

It's odd that they should have had the same name. (E ciudat ca ei sa fi avut acelasi nume.)
(referire la trecut)
 o It's a shame/ it's a pity + THAT + S + Vb. Short Infinitive/ SHOULD + Vb. Short
Infinitive

e.g. It's a pity that he should die/ die. (Ar fi pacat ca el sa moara.)

o Demand (a pretinde)/ request (a cere)/ suggest (a sugera)/ insist (a insista)/ urge (a

indemna)/ propose (a propune)/ ask (a cere)/ advise (a sfatui)/ recommend (a
recomanda)+ THAT + S + Vb. Short Infinitive/ SHOULD + Vb. Short Infinitive (vezi
grilele 2 si 4)

e.g. They demand that she tell/ should tell the truth. (Ei cer ca ea sa spuna adevarul.)

o Lest (ca nu cumva sa) + S + should vb. Short Inf./ vb. Short Inf./ might vb. Short Inf
-> !!! ATENTIE: dupa LEST nu se foloseste negatie (vezi grila 6)

e.g. She is studying hard lest she should fail/ fail/ might fail the exam for the Police Academy.
(Ea studiaza din greu ca nu cumva sa pice examenul pentru Academia de Politie.)

o Substantiv (desire/ wish/ suggestion/ proposal/ dream/ etc.)+ THAT + S + Vb. Short
Infinitive/ SHOULD + Vb. Short Infinitive (vezi grila 3)

e.g. My proposal, that he be/should be promoted , was rejected. (Propunerea mea ca el sa fie
promovat a fost respinsa.)

Her dream, that they promote her, has not become reality. (Visul ei ca ei sa o promoveze
nu a devenit realitate.)

Their demands, that we should give them money, were not met. (Cererile lor ca noi sa le
dam bani nu s-au implinit.)

o Infinitivul Scurt se foloseste si in cereri (vezi grila 7):

e.g. Somebody help me! (Sa vina cineva sa ma ajute!) (dar nimeni nu vine in realitate)
 Somebody helps me every day. (Cineva ma ajuta in fiecare zi.) (daca punem -s atunci verbul
este la Indicativ Present Simple si actiunea se intampla in realitate)

Somebody come and get this! (Sa vina cineva sa ia asta!)

o Infinitivul Scurt se mai foloseste intr-o serie de expresii (vezi grila 5):

e.g. Come what may! (Fie ce-o fi!)

So be it! (Asa sa fie!)

School be hanged! (S-o ia naiba de scoala!)

Far be it from me to want to kiss you. (Departe de mine sa vreau sa te sarut.)

Be that as it may. (Chiar daca e asa.)

God bless you! (Dumnezeu sa te binecuvanteze!)

Long live the king! (Traiasca regele!)

Suffice it to say (E de ajuns sa spun ...)

May you have a happy life! (Fie sa ai o viata fericita!)

May the Force be with you! (Forta fie cu tine!)

Heaven forbid! (Doamne fereste!)

If need be. (Daca este necesar.)

o Subjonctivul cu forma de Infinitiv Scurt se foloseste si in If Clauses de tipul I cand

avem o conditie formala:

e.g. If it be found so, he'll be punished. (Daca e sa se afle, el va fi pedepsit. - dar nu s-a aflat)

o Subjonctivul cu forma de Infinitiv Scurt se foloseste si in subordonate temporale:

e.g. The tree will wither long before he fall. (Copacul se va vesteji cu mult inainte ca el sa cada.)

Exemple de grile:
1. In future it will be vital that he ... the truth. (In viitor va fi esential ca el sa spuna adevarul.)

a) tells

b) should tell (alegem SHOULD + Infinitivul Scurt pentru ca avem expresia it will be vital)

c) will tell

d) had told

2. The judge insisted that she ... the questions. (Judecatorul a insistat ca ea sa raspunda la
intrebari.)

a) answers

b) answered

c) will answer

d) answer (alegem Infinitivul Scurt pentru ca avem verbul insist)

3. Her wish, that he ... her, did not come true in the end. (Dorinta ei ca el sa se casatoreasca cu ea
nu s-a implinit in cele din urma.)

a) marry (alegem Infinitivul Scurt pentru ca avem un substantiv + THAT care introduce o
atributiva in acre actiunea nu este reala)

b) will mary

c) must marry

d) marries

4. Regulations require that civilians ... without a passport. (Regulamentele cer ca persoanele
civile sa nu intre fara pasaport.)

a) not enter (alegem Infinitivul Scurt pentru ca avem verbul require)

b) don't enter

c) hadn't entered

d) won't enter

5. So ...! I will do as you wish. (Asa sa fie! Voi face cum doresti.)
a) it be

b) it may

c) be it (expresia fixa este SO BE IT!)

d) it is

6. They are whispering lest they ... the child. (Ei soptesc ca nu cumva sa trezeasca copilul.)

a) don't wake up

b) shouldn't wake up

c) will wake up

d) should wake up (alegem should wake up pentru ca dupa LEST se pune SHOULD si nu se
pune negatie)

7. Someone ... her a helping hand! (Sa ii dea cineva o mana de ajutor!)

a) give (alegem Infinitiv Scurt pentru ca este o cerere - actiunea nu se intampla in realitate)

b) gives

c) will giving

d) gave

!!! ATENTIE: dupa it's a pity/ it's a shame se pot folosi timpuri de la modul Indicativ (de
exemplu Present Perfect) cu conditia ca actiunea sa fie reala si nu o speculatie:

e.g. Its a pity that she hasnt come because she would have enjoyed herself.

(E pacat ca e nu a venit pentru ca s-ar fi distrat.) - (ea nu a venit in realitate)

Dupa Its a pity/ It's a shame se pune SHOULD + Verb Infinitiv Scurt/ Verb Infinitiv
Scurt DACA actiunea nu este reala.

e.g. Its a pity that she should not come/ not come because we would need her help.
 (Ar fi pacat ca ea sa nu vina pentru ca am avea nevoie de ajutorul ei.) - (speculatie pentru
ceva ce nu s-a intamplat)

Subjonctivul cu may/ might:

Dupa WISH (a dori) , IT'S POSSIBLE (e posibil), WHOEVER (oricine), WHEREVER
(oriunde), WHENEVER (oricand), WHICHEVER (oricare), WHATEVER (orice) se poate
folosi may sau might si verbul la Infinitiv Scurt.

e.g. He wishes he might have met you. (El isi doreste sa fi fost posibil sa te intalneasca.)
(referire la trecut)

Its possible that he may see you. (E posibil ca el sa te vada.) (referire la prezent)

No matter what you say, I wont help you. (Orice ai spune, nu o sa te ajut.)

a) Whatever you should say, I wont help you.

b) Whatever you may say, I wont help you.

c) Whatever you must say, I wont help you.

d) Whatever you say, I wont help you.

o I prefer sleeping to studying in general. (Vb.-ING + TO + Vb. -ING) (aceasta

structura se foloseste atunci cand ne referim in general)

(Prefer sa dorm decat sa invat./ Prefer dormitul invatatului.)

o Id prefer to sleep rather than study today. (Vb. Long Inf. + RATHER THAN +
Vb. Short Inf.) (aceasta structura se foloseste atunci cand ne referim in particular)

(As prefera sa dorm decat sa invat azi.)

o Id rather sleep than study. (referire la prezent) (Vb. Short Inf. + THAN + Vb. Short
Inf.)

(As prefera sa dorm decat sa invat.)

o I would rather have slept than (have) studied yesterday. (referire la trecut) (Vb.
Perfect Short Inf. + THAN + Vb. Perfect Short Inf.)

(As prefera sa fi dormit decat sa fi invatat ieri.)