Pro. No.

: RT06
Radiographic Examination Rev. No. : 0
Procedure For Welds Sheet No. : 1 / 11

1- Scope
This procedure is applicable for Radiographic inspection method When it is used for
examination of welds to determine the compliance of a product with specified Code
2- References
Applicable Codes Sections are ASME V, article2
ASME B31.3
3- Evaluation
Acceptance Criteria are as described herein under (subject tables are enclosed):

4- Personnel
4.1 Personnel shall be Knowledgeable, Trained and familiar with relevant codes,
Standards, Specification, equipment and Procedures.
4.2 Shall be qualified and certified according .to Petrojet Written Practice.
4.3 Examination Shall be made by personnel certified as level I (under supervision
of level II or III) Or Level II. Results shall be interpreted by personnel certified
as level II or III.
5- Equipment
Gamma ray source Ir 192 and X- ray 450 KV, 10 MA.
6- Manufacturing stage
As per applicable ITP.
7- Surface preparation
Test surface shall be free From weld ripples or irregularities.
8- Marking
The weld shall be marked by equally spaced reference markers (numerals)
Each reference marker shall be identified by progressive numbers.
see attached location marker sketches.
9- Film identification
Radiographs shall be identified by symbols consisting of lead letters or numerals,
that shall be positioned so that their image appear in the radiograph, each section
of weld radiograph shall be identified by the information shown in fig I
 Pro. No. : RT06
Radiographic Examination Rev. No. : 0
Procedure For Welds Sheet No. 2/ 11

Fig 1
Film Identification

PJ CWS S.NO.
ASTM

0 10 20 30 40 50
WELD NO. DATE

10- Film Density

10-1 The film density corresponding to the radiographic image sound weld metal
shall be in accordance with the following :
Table 1
X ray Gamma ray
Minimum 1.8 Minimum 2.0
Maximum 4.0 Maximum 4.0
10-2 The above-mentioned values for single film viewing .for composite viewing of
multiple film exposures, each film of the composite shall have a minimum
density of 1.3.
10-3 Density variation through area of interest shall not be varies by more than
minus 15% or plus 30% The density adjacent to the designated wire of a wire
IQI and the area of interest
10-4 If density varies by more than the above mentioned values then an additional
IQI shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the radiograph
Retaken.
11-Scattered radiation
As a check on back scattered radiation a lead letter (B) (13Mm height
1.5Mm thickness)Shall be attached to the back of each film holder if the light
image of the B appear on the dark background, the radiograph shall
considered unacceptable.
Adaik image of B on a lighter background is not cause for Rejection.
 Pro. No. : RT06
Radiographic Examination Rev. No. : 0
Procedure For Welds Sheet No. : 3/11

12-Geometric unsharpness
12-1 Geometric unsharpness of the radiograph shall be determined in accordance with :
Ug =Fd/D
Ug= geometric unsharpness.
F = source size(mm)
D = distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiograph(mm)
d= distance from source side of weld or object being radiograph to the film(mm)
12.2 recommended maximum values for Ug as follow :
Table 2

Material thickness mm Ug (mm)

under 50 0.51
50 through 75 0.76
over 75 mm through 100 1.02
greater than 100 1.78
12-3 Final acceptance of radiographs shall be based on the ability to see the
prescribed pentameters Image and the designated wire of a wire pentameter.
13-Penetrameters
13-1 Numbers of IQI
at least one IQI shall be used for each radiograph, except the source is placed on
the axis of the object and a complete circumstance is radiographed with a single
exposure , at least four equally spaced IQI shall be used .
13-2 IQI placement
A source side IQI shall be placed on the weld so that the length of the wires is
perpendicular to the length of the weld where inaccessibility prevents hand placing
on the source side , the IQI shall be placed on the film side of the weld and a letter
F shall be placed adjacent to the IQI..
Or when due to weld configuration or size , it is not practical to place the IQI on
the weld , the IQI may be placed on a separate block.. separate blocks shall be
made of the same or radiographically Similar materials and may be used to
facilitate IQI positioning. in case wide weld configuration wider than the width of
the film ,special IQI of reasonable height shall be used or to radiograph such weld
twice separately ( upper edge with IQI and lower edge with its own IQI) provide
sufficient overlap area between the two films has been maintained to fulfill Ug .
Requirements.

Pro. No. : RT06

Radiographic Examination Rev. No. : 0
Procedure For Welds Sheet No. : 4/11
13-3 IQI Selection
A-Materials groups : as the following table.

Table 3
Group number Materials
01 Ti Ti alloys.
02 Al Al alloys.
03 Mg Mg alloys.
1 C-steel , Type 300 Series.
2 Al-bronze ( Alloy 623,630 ).
3 Inconel ( Ni 7- Cr Fe ).
4 Monel ( Ni 70- Cu 30).
5 Tin Bronez.

B-Size
13-4-1 See table no. 4 & 5
13-4-2 A shim of material radiographically similar to the weld metal shall be
placed between the part and the IQI so that the total thickness being radiographed
under the IQI is eventually the nominal single wall thickness plus the estimated
weld reinforcement. code section backings strips shall not be considered as part of
the thickness in IQI selection .
Welds joining dissimilar materials or weld with dissimilar filler metal
the IQI material selection shall be based on the weld metal. When density limits
cannot be met with one IQI, and the exceptional area(s) is at the interface of the
weld metal and the base metal the material selection for additional IQIs shall be
based on the base material.
 Pro. No. : RT06
Radiographic Examination Rev. No. : 0
Procedure For Welds Sheet No. : 5/ 11

Table VIII Div.1

Full Radiograph Spot Radiograph

S.NO Para. UW51 ASME VIII DIV.1 Para. UW52 ASME VIII DIV.1
Unacceptable imperfections
1 Crack, zone of incomplete fusionCrack, zone of incomplete fusion
or penetration or penetration
Any elongated indication which Slag inclusions or cavities which has
has length exceed : length exceed the following :
6 mm for t up to 19 mm. a- 2/3 t
b- 19 Mm.
2
c- any indications shorter than 6 mm
shall be acceptable for any plate
thickness.

Any group of aligned indications Any group of aligned indications

have aggregate length greater than within 2/3 t and sum of the longest
t in length of 12 t except distance dimensions of all such indications
3
between the successive exceed t in a length of 6 t and the
imperfections exceeds 6 L longest indications separated by less
than 3 L of acceptable weld metal .
Round indications in excess of Round indications are not a factor in
4 attached chart Fig 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 the acceptability of welds not
7,8 required to be fully radiographic

Notes:
1- t : thickness of weld excluding any allowable reinforcement .
1-1 In case of two different thickness as t is the thinner of these two thickness.
1-2 In case of full penetration weld includes a fillet weld thickness the throat of
the fillet weld shall be included in t .
2- L: length of the longest indications in the group.
 Pro. No. : RT06
Radiographic Examination Rev. No. : 0
Procedure For Welds Sheet No. : 6/ 11

14Quality of radiographs
all radiograph shall be free from :
1- Fogging.
2- Streaks, watermarks or chemical stains.
3- Scratches, finger marks, crimps ,dirtiness ,static marks.
4- False indication due to defective screen.
To the extent that they do not mask or not confused with the image of any
discontinuity in the area of interest of the object being radiographed.
15Technique
One of the following arrangements shall be used :
Source

Film Source

Source Source

Film Film Film

Panoramic method single wall single image double wall single image double wall double image
* Film viewing and interpretation of double wall technique ellip. 1 wall thick.+
weld reinforcement.
16 Report
Report shall include the followings ( Exhibit 1 ):-
Identification.
Number of films. Isotopes type or X-Ray voltage.
Source Size. Base metal & Weld metal thickness.
distance D . distance d.
Film type. Technique.
17 Data sheet
For each specific Job, Variable of radiographic examination shall be attached to
this procedure and to be demonstrated to Article 2, T821.2
 Pro. No. : RT06
Radiographic Examination Rev. No. : 0
Procedure For Welds Sheet No. : 7/ 11

Table 4
IQI selection

Set A Set B Set C Set D

Wire Wire Wire Wire Wire
Wire Wire Wire
Diameter Identity Diameter Diameter, Diameter
Identity Identity Identity
Mm Mm Mm Mm
0.08 1 0.25 6 0.81 11 2.54 16
0.10 2 0.33 7 1.02 12 3.20 17
0.13 3 0.41 8 1.27 13 4.06 18
0.16 4 0.51 9 1.60 14 5.08 19
0.20 5 0.64 10 2.03 15 6.35 20
0.25 6 0.81 11 2.54 16 8.13 21

Table 5
IQI selection
Nominal Single-Wall Material Source Side Film Side
Thickness Range Mm Wire type Wire type
essential wire essential wire
Up to 6.4, incl. 5 4
Over 6.4 through 9.5 6 5
Over 9.5 through 12.7 7 6
Over 12.7 through 19.0 8 7
Over 19.0 through 25.4 9 8
Over 25.4 through 38.1 10 9
Over 38.1 through 50.8 11 10
Over 50.8 through 63.5 12 11
Over 63.5 through 101.6 13 12
Over 101.6 through 152.4 14 13
Over 152.4 through 203.2 16 14
Over 203.2 through 254.0 17 16
Over 254.0 through 304.8 18 17
Over 304.8 through 406.4 20 18
Over 406.4through 508.0 21 20
 Pro. No. : RT06
Radiographic Examination Rev. No. : 0
Procedure For Welds Sheet No. : 8 11

Notes:
1- t : thickness of weld excluding any allowable reinforcement .
1-1 In case of two different thickness as T is the thinner of these two thickness.
L: length of the longest indications in the group.
 Rev.No.: 0
Data Sheet For Radiographic Sheet : 1 of 1
Examination For Welds

SUBJECT : Butt welds with thickness up to 90 mm for gamma ray and 120 for X-ray
MATERIAL : Carbon , low alloy and stainless steels
Reference code : ASME V Article 2

Source Description Source Description

Radiation type : Gamma ray Radiation type : X-Ray
Source type : Ir 192 Source type : X-Ray 450 KV. 10 ma.
Source size : F 5.9 mm Max. Source size : F 5.5 mm
Activity : 60 Curie max. Energy & intensity : 450 KV& 10 ma.
Exposure Condition : In accordance with Decay Chart Exposure Condition : In accordance with Decay Chart

Exposure container & Film characteristic

Film Manufacturer Class :AGFA-GEAVERT D7, D4 or Equivalent
Intensifying screens :Thickness 0.027 mm
Material : Pb
Processing : Manual or automatic.
Container Type :TYPE B
Camera Model 66 :AMER TEST 660
Penetrameter (IQI) Material : Steel or non ferrous.
IQI Location :Source Side or Film Side when source side is not accessible
Minimum Focal - Film Distance :300 mm
Object to Film Distance :Film Adherent to object
Method of Marking : Hard Stamping, if impracticable, radio graphing map shall be used
EXPOSURE ARRANGEMENTS
Source

Film Source

Source
Source

Film Film Film

Panoramic Method Single Wall Single Image Double Wall Single Image Double Wall Double Image
Reference Procedure: RT 06 Rev. 0
 Date : 2/ 01/ 2006
Controlling the quality of Pro. No. :SOL.ACT.RT05
industrial radiographic film Rev. No. : 1
processing work instruction Sheet No. : 1 / 3

1-Scope
This procedure is used for the control and maintenance the quality image development
process of industrial radiographic film processing. This procedure is used for wet
chemical manual and automatic processes techniques.
2- References codes
ASME V , ASME SE 999.
3- Personnel
3-1 Personnel shall be knowledge, trained and familiar with developing process,
equipments and procedures.
3-2 Personnel shall have level I or II according to SNT-TC-1A.
4- Equipment
4-1 Automatic processing M/C .
4-2 Stainless steel hangers.
4-3 Stainless steel rod.
4-4 Calibrated thermometer .
4-5 Stainless steel heater.
4-6 Timer.
4-7 Automatic dryer.
4-8 Calibrated Densitometer.
5- storages
5-1 Storage of chemicals :follow the manufacturer s recommendations, storage
temperatures as per manufacturers recommendations or between ( 4-30 C ) ,
higher temperature will produce rapid oxidation that cause decrease in activity,
lower temperature can cause crystallization.
5-2 Film storage at temperature less than 24 C ,air tight and light tight and humidity
less than 50 %
6- Procedure
6-1 Chemical mixing : before mixing solutions thoroughly clean all mixing
equipment, the chemical solution for manual and automatic processing shall be
mixed in poly-ethylene ,pvc, stainless steel tanks.
6-2 Follow up the MSDS instructed by the manufacturers.
6-3 The manufacturers instructions shall be followed for mixing the chemicals
( correct volume of water, temperature specified and add chemicals in the order
listed.).
6-4 The water supply should be filtered water to insure that there no sedimentation.
6-5 Processing hangers and tanks should be free of corrosion and chemicals
deposits.
6-6 In case of no processing is running the chemical solutions are protected in tanks
with dust cover (tight cover ) which also minimize evaporation and oxidation
 Date : 2/ 01/ 2006
Controlling the quality of Pro. No. :SOL.ACT.RT05
industrial radiographic film Rev. No. : 1
processing procedure Sheet No. : 2 / 3

6-7 manual processing :

6-7-1 Check the temperature once / shift.
6-7-2 Processing temperature shall be between 20-23C , stop , fixer and washing
water within 3 C of the developer temperature.
6-7-3 Developing time shall be between 3-8 minutes.
6-7-4 Rinse film in stop bath for 1 minute.
6-7-5 Fixing time shall be between 6 -12 minutes.
6-7-6 Final washing time between 5-10 minutes.
6-7-7 Allow 5-10second for the film to drain before transferring it to the next
solution.
6-7-8 Before drying make sure that the dryer is clean, check dryer by testing six
films ( test films ) the manufacturer recommendation shall be followed
(for time and temperature) . in case of any problems check the
manufacture.
6-8 automatic processing :
6-8-1 The temperature are controlled automatically which is 23 C as per
manufacture recommendation.
6-8-2 The required time for the complete processing cycle is 8 minutes.
6-8-3 Check the temperature once before each processing.
6-8-4 Check the time (speed) by measuring the time it take for a given length of
film to pass a specific point.
7.0 Activity testing of solutions
7-1 By using step wedge single wall-single viewing technique.
7-2 The required densities range between 1.5 - 4.
7-3 Exposed film shall be cut into four strips, three of them shall be designated,
identified and completely warped to be completely light and air tight, and to be
stored in a container under the same condition of the production film.
7-4 The first film processed through freshly mixed and seasoned chemistry will
become the reference or standard film.
7-5 Three films strips are used as monitoring films and compared to the reference
or standard film.
7-6 The strips used are :
7-6-1 AGFA D7 , KODAK AA400, AGFA D4,KODAK Brand names.
Film size 10cm *40 cm.
7.6.2 Chemicals used are AGFA structurix G128, G328 brand name
KODAK kat no.5273198, cat no.5288998
Temperature and time as per procedure SOL. ACT.RT05 item 6
7-7 After 250,500,750 films 10*40 cm or equivalent processing. One from the
 Date : 2/ 01/ 2006
Controlling the quality of Pro. No. :SOL.ACT.RT05
industrial radiographic film Rev. No. : 1
processing procedure Sheet No. : 3 / 3

Three Strips shall be processed at this intervals under the same condition of
the reference strips.
7-8 Activity of developer
7-8-1 If there is a change in the film density more than 10% of the original
monitoring film density the developer should be discard.

7-9 Activity of fixer

7-9-1 Placed unexposed film into the fixer solution under the condition stated in
the procedure ITEM 6 ( normal condition) and measure the time
required to remove the silver halide crystals (the film become translucent
film). This time should be 25% les than the fixer immersion time.
7-9-2 If physical examination shows unfixed spots or areas the fixer should be
discarded. unfixed areas appear dull or yellowish in color.

N.B: If Time Of Processing Solution Exceed One Month, A Test Strip Shall
Be Processed And Follow The Above Steps 6, 7.8, 7.9 .

8- Records
8-1 Brand name and model of processor.
8-2 Brand names and batch number of chemicals used.
8-3 Time of development.
8-4 Temperature of chemicals.
8-5 Date new chemicals.
8-6 Replenishment rate .

* attached form shall be used for records.

 Date : 01/03/06
Radiographic Examination Pro. No. : RT 06
Procedure For Welds Rev. No.
:0
: 5 / 11
Sheet No.

Table IX

S.NO Unacceptable imperfection.

1 Crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration.

Any elongated slag inclusion which has
a length greater than 3mm for t up to 10mm.
2

any group of slag inclusion in line that have an aggregate length

3 greater than t in a length of 12 t except when distance between
successive imperfections exceed 6 L
Round indications.
4-1 Maximum permissible dimension for round indication shall be
20% of t or 3Mm whichever is smaller.
4-2 for welds in material less than 3mm in thickness the Maximum
number of acceptable rounded indication shall not exceed
305mm in a 150mm length of weld. A Proportionately fewer
number of rounded indications shall be permitted in weld less
than 150 mm.
4
4-3 for weld in material 3mm or greater in thickness, The chart
No.IX-1 Represent the Maximum Acceptable types of rounded
indications.
4.4 Rounded indications less than 0.8mm in Maximum diameter
shall not be considered in the radiographic acceptance tests of
welders and welding operators in these ranges of material
thicknesses.

Notes:

1- t : Thickness of weld.
 Date : 01/03/06
Radiographic Examination Pro. No. : RT06
Procedure For Welds Rev. No.
:0
: 6 / 11
Sheet No.

Table B 31-1

S.NO Unacceptable discontinuities.

1 Crack or zone of incomplete Fusion or Penetration.

Elongated indication which has length greater than:

6mm for t up to 19Mm.
2

Any group of indications in line that have an aggregate length greater

than t in a length of 12t except where the distance between the
3 successive indications exceeds 6L

4 Porosity in excess of that shown in chart B31-1-1

Root concavity when there is abrupt change in density as indicated on
5 the radiograph.

Notes:

1- L : is longest indication in the group

2- t : Thickness of the weld being examined, if weld joins two member t is
the thickness of the thinner portion of the weld.
 Date : 01/03/06
Radiographic Examination Pro. No. : RT 06
Procedure For Welds Rev. No.
:0
: 2 / 11
Sheet No.

Table I

S.NO Unacceptable imperfection.

1 Any indication characterized as a crack or zone of incomplete fusion

or penetration.
Any other elongated indication that has a length greater than:
2 6mm for t up to 19mm.

Any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length greater

3 than t in a length of 12 t. except when distance between the successive
imperfections exceeds 6L.
4 Round indications in excess of those in chart I-1
Notes:

1- t : Thickness of the weld.

2- L: Length of longest imperfection in the group.