IES - Electronics Conventional Papers - I & II 1980 - 2007

I.E.S-(Conv.
)-1980
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
PAPER - I
Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks: 200
Candidates should attempt question No. 1 which is compulsory, and any four of the remaining questions
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the questions.
Answer must be written in English.
1. (a) Give reasons for the following :
(i) A conductor consisting of a thin-walled tube will have much less resistance at very
high frequencies (e.g. several MHz) than a solid wire of the same DC resistance.
(ii) the reciprocal of Q of a capacitor is approximately equal to its power-factor.
(iii) If a long cylindrical magnetic core is slipped inside two single layer air-cored coils
located coaxially so that it is common to both the coils, their mutual-inductance is
increased more than their self-inductances.
(iv) Any material cannot be classified as conductor, semi-conductor or insulator without
reference to its temperature of operation.
(v) In a high-gain junction transistor, the collector region has the highest resistivity and
the emitter region has the lowest resistivity, the base region resistivity being in
between.
(vi) A transmission line short-circuited at one end serves as resonant circuit at a frequency
for which the line-length is an odd number of quarter-wavelength.
(vii) Vertical polarization is superior to horizontal polarization for communication between
transmitting and receiving antennas that are both very close to ground in terms of the
wavelength of the signal.
(viii) The directive-gain of a non-resonant antenna is usually at least twice as great as that
of a resonant antenna of the same length, whereas the power-gain of the two is of the
same order of magnitude.
(ix) Permanent magnet moving-coil meter is much superior to moving-iron meter for
measuring DC voltages and currents.
(x) A digital frequency-counter is far more accurate than a wavemeter for high frequency
measurement.
30
(b) Draw neat diagrams to illustrate the following and briefly explain their important features:
(i) Structure of a semi-conductor crystal.
(ii) Structure of a high frequency silicon planar transistor.
(iii) Experimental set-up to prove the reciprocity theorem in networks.
(iv) Height versus electron-density plot for the iono-sphere.
(v) Circuit schematic for measuring Q of a radio coil.
(vi) LVDT for displacement measurement.
30
2. (a) (i) Draw the complete equivalent circuit of a capacitor and explain the significance of the
different components used therein.
(ii) What is meant by apparent capacitance of the capacitor? Ina capacitor of value
0.001F, the equivalent series inductance is 0.1H. At what frequency does the
apparent capacitance differ from the true capacitance by 10%?
(b) Bring out the important differences between the following devices:
(i) Air-cored capacitor and PN junction capacitor.
(ii) air cored inductor and ferrite-cored inductor.
(iii) Rectifier diode and switching diode.
(iv) Junction transistor and field effect transistor.
20
3. (a) (i) What is meant by an intrinsic semiconductor? Determine the conductivity and
resistivity of an intrinsic sample of silicon at normal room temperature (i.e. 300oK).
[Assume :
Electron mobility, n = 1350 cm2/volt sec
Hole mobility, p = 480 cm2/volt sec
Intrinsic electron density in silicon at 300oK = 1.521010
Charge of electron or hole = 1.61019 coulomb]
(ii) Explain the significance of space-charge layer at a PN junction.
15
(b) (i) Sketch the output V-I characteristics of an NPN transistor in common-emitter
operation and indicate there on the different regions of importance. Explain how you
would use these characteristics to determine hFE, ICBO and BVCBO of the transistor.
(ii) A silicon junction transistor operating at IE = 1 mA, VCE = 3V, has base-collector
capacitance of 2 pf and base-emitter capacitance of 18 pf. Determine the current gain-
bandwidth product (=fT) of this transistor.
[Assume kT/q = 26 mV at normal room temperature]
4. (a) (i) State the superposition theorem and indicate how initial conditions are taken into
account in applying this theorem.
(ii) Given i(t) = u(t) and e(t) = 5et in the net-work shown in fig. 1, determine e2(t).
(b) (i) A neon lamp that ionizes at 75 V is connected across a capacitor of 1f. A resistance
R is connected in series with the combination. Determine the value of R required to
enable the lamp to glow 20 seconds after a DC voltage of 100 V is applied across the
entire circuit.
(ii) A 100 V source whose frequency is variable is impressed across a series RLC circuit
with R = 50, L = 0.5 H, C = 50f. Determine the resonant frequency of the circuit,
the current at resonance and the Q factor.
20
5. (a) (i) Bring out the important differences between ground-wave propagation, space-wave
propagation and iono-spheric propagation of radio waves, highlighting the application
areas of each of them.
(ii) Explain what you understand by the following :
(A) Atmospheric noise
(B) Skip distance in a short-wave communication link
(C) Radio horizon.
15
(b) (i) Describe an experimental set-up for the measurement of impedance of a coaxial
transmission line.
(ii) In a transmission line 100m long, terminates so that only the incident wave is present
and the power at the load end is 1.2 dB less than at the generator end. Determine the
attenuation constant () of the line.
20
6. (a) (i) Bring out the important differences between an amplifier rectifier type and rectifier-
amplifier type electronic voltmeter.
(ii) Design an electronic voltmeter for the following specifications:
Input voltage range : 0-10 V
Input frequency range : 100 Hz-1 MHz
Output indicator : 0-100A, DC meter
Assume that a semiconductor diode with forward resistance <10 and reverse
resistance <5M is available along with Rs and Cs for this application. Draw a
circuit diagram.
(b) Give the basic principles of operation of the following instruments:
(i) Maxwells bridge,
(ii) Digital voltmeter.
7. (a) (i) Write down the different transducers useful for measuring temperature and providing
an electrical signal, and compare their relative performance.
(ii) Draw the circuit schematic for an electronic thermometer and explain its operation.
15
(b) Describe experimental techniques to determine the following in the laboratory:
(i) Current-gain of a transistor.
(ii) Open-loop gain of an operational amplifier.
(iii) Directivity of an antenna.
(iv) Selectivity of a broadcast receiver.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1980
PAPER - II
SECTION A
1. (a) Draw an FET amplifier with the load resistance = 100 K, and Rg1 = Rg2=1 M. Calculate
the gain of the amplifier, if rDS = 100 K and gm = 2 m. What are the advantages of this
amplifier?
(b) A transistor is used as an amplifier in a CB configuration, with the load resistance=40 K,
and the source resistance=200. Find the voltage and the power gain of the amplifier, given
that :
hib = 50; hbo = 0.2
hrb= c104 ; hfb = 0.99
(c) A two-stage RC-coupled transistor amplifier is provided with a negative feedback, having a
feedback of 1/100. Draw the amplifier circuit. If the gain of the amplifier without feedback is
60 db and it has a distortion of 10% in the output, then calculate the gain and the distortion of
the amplifier with feedback.
2. (a) Draw the transistorized circuit of a bi-stable multivibrator. Show the waveforms at collectors
and bases when a short pulse is given at the input. Explain how the speed of the circuit is
improved.
(b) Show how a number of flip-flops may be used as a shift-register.
(c) Explain the working of a Miller Sweep generator. Draw a circuit using a pentode tube and
suitable component valves to give a saw-tooth amplitude of 100V in 100 sec approximately.
Is the slope of the output wave independent of tube characteristics? Calculate the value of the
charging capacitor.
3. (a) Using Karnaughs map, simplify the Boolean functions :
(i) ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD
(ii) ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABC D ABCD
(b) Draw the equivalent resistance-capacitance-transistor logic circuits for the simplified
functions of 3(a).
(c) Explain how Binary multiplication and division are performed in a Digital computer using
Adder and Shift register only. Draw a suitable block diagram of the Multiplier.
4. (a) Explain the function of a Synchro-differential system and obtain its transfer function.
(b) Plot the asymptotic Bode diagram for the open-loop transfer function:
5 s 2
G s

s s 1 4 s 2 s 1
How is this plot used in determining the stability of the system?
(c) Show schematically how the speed of a shunt-field DC motor may be varied continuously by
using SCRs and AC power supply. Explain briefly how the firing angle in SCRs is
controlled for changing the armature voltage.
5. (a) The open-loop transfer function of a servo system is given as
A
yo s
s s 1
Draw an approximate Nyquist plot of the function with the normalized variable and A = 1.
Explain how the Nyquist criterion of stability is now used, showing gain and phase margins.
Is the system stable for all values of A, when the feedback loop is connected?
(b) Given an illustrative example of a second order servo system using derivative and position
feedback. Obtain the input-output relation, and show that the step response of the system will
have large overshoot and ringing with the damping ratio less than 0.15. Is it possible to
decrease the overshoot without increasing the response time. If so, how?
(c) Draw an Analog computer set-up to simulate the above servo system of 5(b).
SECTION B
6. (a) In a discrete random system with inter-symbol influences, show that the Joint Entropy is
given by
H(X,Y) = H(X) + H(Y/X).
(b) In a Binary symmetric channel, the symbols 1/0 are transmitted with equal probability at a
rate of 104 per sec. The error rate in the channel Pe = 1/16. Calculate the rate of transmission
R over the channel.
(c) Draw the modulator and demodulator circuits for PSK transmission of digital signals.
Compare its error rate performance with that of FSK transmission.
7. (a) A television transmitter antenna has a height of 169 metres and the receiving antenna has a
height of 16 m. What is the maximum distance through which the TV signal could be
received by space propagation? What is the Radio Horizon in this case ?
(b) Draw the standard envelope for the picture-modulated carrier of a TV signal. Show how the
Synch signals are extracted and used for local synchronization in the receiver.
(c) Explain the term Equisignal glidepath as used in the Instrument Landing System. Give a
neat diagram to indicate the positions of different units of ILS.
8. (a) Show the radiation pattern of a rhombic antenna used for the frequency band of 10-20 MHz.
Give the design equations and curves necessary for designing such an antenna. What is
Directive gain of a Rhombic antenna?
(b) The final stage of a HF transmitter uses a plate-modulate class-C amplifier and a class-B
modulated amplifier. If the carrier power is 1 kW, calculate the DC input power required for
the modulate and modulator amplifiers for m = 0 and 1. Assume the efficiencies of the
amplifiers to be 80% and 60% respectively.
(c) What if VFT ? show a scheme for transmission of 24 telegraph channels simultaneously over
a single telephone line. What is a static modulator?
9. (a) A 30 m parabolic antenna is used for the ground station of a satellite communication system
in the 4/6 GHz band. Show its feed system and calculate its gain and beam width.
(b) In a synchronous communication satellite system the uplink operates at 6 GHz with the
antenna elevation of 5o. The transmitted power is 1 kW and the antenna gains of the
transmitter and receiver are 60 db and 0 db respectively. Calculate the received power at the
input of the satellite receiver.
(c) a receiver is fed from a 50 antenna and the overall noise temperature is shown to be 290oK.
Calculate the Noise figure and the equivalent noise resistance of the receiver.
10. (a) Explain, from fundamental principles, why an waveguide behaves as a high-pass filter.
(b) A rectangular waveguide measures 34.5 cm internally and has a 10 GHz signal propagated in
it. Calculate the cut off wavelength, the guide wavelength and the characteristic wave
impedance for the TE1,0 mode.
(c) Draw the block diagram of a typical Repeater of an LOS MW radio-relay system operating in
the 4GHz band. Estimate the distance between the repeaters and the fade margin required
from practical considerations.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1981
PAPER - I
Candidates should attempt Question 1 which is compulsory and any four of the remaining questions.
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question .
1. (a) Calculate the following:
(i) The conductivity of a sample of germanium in which electron-hole pair density is 1019
m3. Assume electron and hole mobilities to be respectively 3600 cm2/volt sec and
1800 cm2/volt sec, and electronic or hole charge to be 1.61019 Coulomb.
(ii) The mutual inductance of two coils, viz., 100 H and 240 H, which are connected in
series to yield a total inductance of 146 H.
(iii) The attenuation in dB of a symmetrical T attenuator using two resistor, each of 409
ohms in the series arm and a resistor of 101 ohms in the shunt arm, and employing
sources and load resistances equal to the characteristic resistance of the attenuation.
(iv) The characteristic impedance of a quarter-wave transmission line used to match a
two-wire transmission line of 600 ohms characteristic impedance with a load
resistance of 300 ohms.
(v) The strength of the radiated field produced at a distance of 1 km by a vertical wire of
1 m length (in free space) in a direction at right angles to the axis of the wire, when it
carries a current of 5A at a frequency of 1 MHz.
20
(b) Explain the following, with neat sketches wherever necessary:
(i) Input and output V-I characteristics of a junction transistor.
(ii) Transients in a series RL circuit driven by a stepped input voltage.
(iii) Impedance versus frequency characteristic of a parallelturned LC circuit.
(iv) Effect of array length on the directional characteristics of an end-fire array.
(v) Characteristics of stain-guage.
20
(c) Draw neat diagrams to illustrate the following and explain their important features:
(i) A non-inductive wire wound resistor.
(ii) An epitaxial planar transistor.
(iii) A ground station antenna for satellite communications.
(iv) Long distance propagation of radio waves at SW frequencies.
(v) A moving-coil ammeter.
20
2. (a) Define the following terms relating to a bipolar transistor:
(i) BVCEO, (ii) fT,
(iii) Fmax, (iv) Rise time,
(v) Storage time.
10
(b) A silicon n-p-n transistor with, hFE=100 ICBO = 0.1 A. Calculate the IC for this transistor
under following base circuit conditions:
(i) IB=0 (ii) IB=20 A,
(iii) VBE=0, (iv) VCB=0.
10
(c) Draw the Ebers Moll model for a bipolar transistor. And using this, show that the collector-
emitter voltage drop of a saturated transistor is higher in the normal mode of operation than in
the inverted mode of operation of the transistor. What is the practical use of this result?
10
3. (a) A single-layer air-cored coil of 100 H is realized by winding 60 turns on a former of 3 cm
diameter and 3 cm length. Determine the number of turns necessary to realize the same
inductance in miniature form by only reducing the coil former diameter and length to 1 cm
each.
10
(b) Bring out the important differences between the following devices:
10
(i) Carbon film resistor and metal film resistor.
(ii) Low frequency inductor and very high frequency inductor.
(iii) Mica capacitor and electrolytic capacitor.
(iv) PN junction diode and Schottky barrier diode.
(c) (i) Describe a method of measuring the value and quality factor of an unknown
inductance in the range 1 H-1 mH with high accuracy.
(ii) An unknown inductance resonates at a frequency of 1 MHz with, an external
capacitance of 210 pF and has a Q of 100. If the frequency of the source is double, it
is found that the tuning capacitor required for resonance is 45 pF. Determine the
values of the unknown inductance and the other components associated with it in the
equivalent circuit.
15
4. (a) State Thevenins theorem and explain how it is useful in network analysis.
10
(b) In the circuit of Fig. l solve for the steady-state voltage across the iF capacitor using
Thevenins theorem.
10
(c) (i) A voltage supply of 10V DC is applied to a series circuit of 50 F capacitor and a
resistor. If the voltage across the capacitor is observed to be 5V at t=2 sec, determine
the value of the series resistance in the circuit.
(ii) A rectangular pulse of 10V amplitude and 10 sec duration is applied to a series RL
circuit using R=2 ohms and L=5 H. Plot the current waveform iii the circuit.
15
5. (a) What is a true RMS voltmeter? With the help of a neat circuit/block diagram, describe a
method of realizing this instrument. Give typical uses of this instrument.
10
(b) Draw the experimental set up for measuring the sensitivity of a MW radio receiver and
explain how this measurement is carried out.
10
(c) (i) With the help of a neat block schematic explain the method of measuring harmonic
distortion is an unknown waveform.
(ii) A signal has a fundamental with an RMS value of 5 V. The signal also has a second,
third and fourth harmonic with RMS values of 1 V, 0.5 V and 0.3 V respectively.
Determine the harmonic distortion in the signal.
15
6. (a) Explain what you understand by the following terms used in antenna literature :
10
(i) Radiation resistance
(ii) Radiated power.
(iii) isotropic radiator.
(iv) isotropic radiator.
(v) Polar diagram.
(b) Sketch the current distributions and directional characteristics of grounded vertical antennas
of height /8, /4, /2 and . Which of these antennas is preferred in MW broadcasting?
Discuss this.
10
(c) (i) The antenna of a TV transmitter is located at a height of 150 m. Calculate and plot, as
a function of distance to the transmitter, the height that the receiving antenna must
have for being above the radio horizon. Assume standard atmosphere.
(ii) Explain why the ratio of lower frequency limit to maximum usable frequency for
establishing radio communication in the SW band is generally smaller at night than in
the day time.
15
7. (a) Explain the basic principle underlying electronic weighing. Compare the performance of this
system with conventional mechanical scales and discuss the relative advantages and
limitations.
10
(b) Sketch a displacement transducer capable of electrical output and, explain its operating
characteristics. What factors decide the linearity of the transfer characteristic? Discuss this.
10
(c) Describe experimental techniques to determine the following in the laboratory:
10
(i) The trans-conductance of a JFET.
(ii) The loss factor of a capacitor.
(iii) Atmospheric radio noise interference to Radio Communication.
(iv) Characteristic impedance of an open-wire transmission line.
(v) Output power of a ratio transmitter.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1981
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt five questions choosing not more than three from either Section.
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question
Answers must be written in English.
SECTION A
1. (a) Draw the circuit of a Darlington pair using the common emitter configuration. Calculate the
current gain and the input impedance of the circuit, if both the transistors have 1=2=0.98,
hie = 1 k and RL=100.
10
(b) Distinguish between Class A, B and C power amplifiers. Draw the circuit of a Class B push-
pull tuned amplifiers using valves/transistors. Calculate the, maximum efficiency of the
amplifier. What are the advantages of Class B over Class A amplifiers?
15
(c) Draw the circuit of a series regulated Power Supply to give a load current of approximately 1
amp. at a nominal output voltage of 25 V. Indicate the unregulated input voltage required and
calculate approximately the change in the output voltage due to a change to 5 V at the input.
15
2. (a) Draw a Schmitt trigger circuit using transistors and explain its operation. How will you
control the hysteresis between the turn-on and turn-off in the circuit? Sketch the output of the
Circuit when the input is a sine wave having peak-to-peak amplitudes of (i) 2 V and (ii) 50
mV.
15
(b) Sketch the Outputs- of an RC differentiating circuit when. the input is (i) a square wave, (ii) a
ramp and (iii) a trapezoidal waveform Show the relation between the RC time constant and
the pulse widths of the output wave forms.
(c) Draw a crystal oscillator circuit using a transistor. What are the advantages of such
oscillators? What is. the frequency of oscillation of the circuit with reference to the critical
frequencies of the crystal ?
10
3. (a) A multi-vibrator giving a pulse output is coupled to a diode-clamping circuit, such that the
output pulses are always positive. The waveform has a time period of 100 S and duty ratio of
1/100. Draw the clamping circuit and calculate the location of the zero level of the output
waveform. Given that: peak to-peak input = 10 V, source resistance = 0, R = 100 k, C=.05
F and forward resistance of the diode = 100.
10
(b) Draw a typical scale of 16 Binary counter. Show how you will convert this to a scale-of-10-
counter.
15
(c) Write the Truth table of a Full Adder. Draw the logic circuit of a 3-input Full Adder using
two half adders.
4. (a) Using OP. AMPs, generate the transfer functions
(i) G(s)=(1+s/2), (ii) G(s)= 109/s.
Assume that the feedback resistance of the OP-AMP is 1 M.
10
(b) Draw an encoding Diode-matrix (BCD encoder) to convert a Decimal number into a Binary
code.
15
(c) Develop an analog computer setup for solving (be differential equation
d2y dy
A 2
B Cy f t
dt dt
Show how you will introduce the initial. condition in the simulation. What is the need of
amplitude and time scaling in an analog computer setup. Give an example of such scaling of
the problem.
10
5. (a) Explain the operation of Tachometers as velocity errors detectors. Obtain, using a block
diagram, the transfer function of a Servo-integrator consisting of an amplifier, a motor and a
tachometer.
10
(b) An instrument servo has the forward transfer function:
K
G s , 2 1
s s1 1 s 2 1
Using Nyquist criterion, determine if the system with unity feedback is stable or not for all
values of K.
15
(c) If the above system is unstable for some values of K, then explain the use of phase lead
networks to compensate the system.
15
SECTION B
6. (a) Explain the technique of generating PCM signals. Draw schematically a PCM code. What is
Quantizing noise? Explain its significance.
15
(b) A PCM-TDM multiplexed system is designed for 24 telephone channels, each having a
bandwidth of 300-400 Hz, and 64 quantizing levels. The MUX output is transmitted through
of VHF radio relay using PSK modulation. Draw the block diagram of the transmitter and
indicate the band width required at each stage.
15
(c) Compare the above system with an SSB-FDM-FM multiplexed system in terms of the
bandwidth required and the overall SNR improvement (above threshold) in the individual
channels. Assume D = 4 for the FM modulation of the RF carrier.
10
7. (a) Explain, with diagrams, the operation of a CW Doppler radar using an IF in the receiver.
Compare its merits and demerits with those of a Pulsed radar.
10
(b) A Doppler radar set. operating at 15 GHz, is used for traffic speed measurements. What will
be the readings at the output frequency counter corresponding to the speeds of 10, 50 and 180
km/hr? On what factors does the accuracy of the readings depend? What will be the accuracy
if the frequency stability of the IF is 104?
15
(c) Describe the working of a Cathode-ray Direction Finder. What are the different causes that
give rise to errors in the DF readings? How are they eliminated?
15
8. (a) Define Mutual Information 1(x; y) and show that:
1(x; y)=H(x)H(x/y); HEntropy
In a Binary communication channel, p(xi=0)=0.4 and p(xi=1)=0.6. For the given noise matrix
of the channel, calculate the average information 1(x ; y) conveyed per symbol.
yi p(y/x)
xi 0 1
0 .99 .01
1 0 1
(b) Draw the block diagram of a typical triples detection type communication receiver Show the
typical curves for sensitivity selectivity and fidelity of the receiver. Explain the operation of
the delayed AVC as used in the above receiver.
15
(c) Explain, with reference to an FM transmitter how AFC is used to lock the mean carrier
frequency to that of a crystal.
9. (a) Explain briefly the operation of the Reflect Klystron as a microwave signal source. Show the
variation of its output power and frequency with the repeller voltage.
(b) Show a microwave bench setup suitable for Antenna measurements. Describe briefly how
Antenna gain Antenna pattern and polarisation direction can be measured, in a laboratory.
What are the special precautions necessary to minimize errors in the above measurements?
10
(c) A MW LOS link operates at a frequency of 2 6Hz with a repeater spacing of 50 km and
requires 20 dbm of carrier power at the receiver input to avoid deterioration due to fading
and noise. Calculate the transmitter carrier power required with the following parameters:
Antenna gain = 34 db; coupling and waveguide loss in Tx = 10 db.
Due to operational reasons, the link is to be redesigned for operational at 8 GHz. Maintaining
the same parabolic antenna and other losses, calculate the new transmitter power required to
maintain the same received signal level.
15
10. Write short notes (indicating current practices) on any four of the following:
10 4
(a) Crossbar Exchanges.
(b) 60 channel MUX for carrier telephony.
(c) TWT amplifier.
(d) Ferrite-core memory.
(e) Diversity reception.
(f) Colour TV.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1982
PAPER - I
Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks : 200
Candidates should attempt question No. 1 which is Compulsory and
any four of the remaining questions
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question
Answers must be Written in English
1. (a) Calculate the following:
(i) The apparent capacitance of a mica capacitor of value 0.002F whose equivalent
series inductance of leads is 0.1H, at an operating frequency of
1015 / 2 Hz .
(ii) The Common-Emitter Current gain of a pnp transistor whose Common-Base Current
gain is 0.99.
(iii) The values of initial Current in a series RL circuit with R=100 , L=10 H with a
battery supply of 10 v, and final current at 0.1 sec after the battery circuit is broken.
(iv) The line length measured in wavelengths and the value of phase constant () of a RF
transmission line with air dielectric of length 25 m at a frequency of 10 MHz.
(v) The field strength at a distance of 10 km from a 100 KW MW broadcast transmitter
employing a short vertical antenna, assuming that the field strength value is 300 mv/m
at a distance of 1 km from the transmitter for a radiated power of 1 kw.
(vi) The strength of the radiated field produced at a distance of 1 km by a vertical wire 1
m long in free space while carrying a current of 5A at frequency of 1 MHz.
30
(b) Draw neat diagrams to illustrate the following and briefly explain their important features:
(i) Transfer characteristic of a junction transistor and the calculation of its trans-
conductance;
(ii) Impedance versus frequency characteristic of a piezo electric crystal and the
evaluation of its Q;
(iii) Generation of a linear ramp voltage using an RC circuit and its use in timing
applications;
(iv) Space wave propagation of EM waves over long distances, even beyond the horizon;
(v) Directional characteristics of a broadside array and its uses;
(vi) Measurement of frequency of an unknown signal with high accuracy.
30
2. (a) Draw the high frequency equivalent circuit of a junction transistor and explain the
significance of the different components used there in. Explain what you understand by the
terms f, f, f, and of the transistor.
10
(b) Distinguish between Zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown at a semi-conductor pn
junction. What tests will you carry out in the laboratory to determine the type of breakdown
mechanism of a given semiconductor diode? Explain this.
10
(c) An npn transistor having LN=0.98, ICBO=2A. IEBO=1.6A is connected as a Common
Emitter Switch with a Vcc = +12V and a Collector load of 4 K. What are the magnitudes of
the ON state and OFF state currents in the switch? What is the minimum base current
required by the transistor to enter saturation? If the base signal is a rectangular pulse which
can take the switch from deep OFF to deep ON, sketch the output waveform, across the
transistor and explain its characteristics.
15
3. (a) For an oscillatory decaying function x (t)=Xet Sin (t+), show that the ratio of successive
amplitudes is given by e where is the period corresponding to the ing to the frequency .
10
(b) Distinguish between Therenins theorem and Nortons theorem and explain their usefulness
and importance in network analysis.
10
(c) Two coils are connected in series across a 240 V, 50 Hz mains supply both the coils have the
same voltage magnitudes across them. But, one coil has a resistance of 15 and the other
coil, 7 . The total power taken by the coils is 550 W. What is the inductive, reactance of
each coil?
15
4. (a) Bring out the important differences between the following devices:
(i) Thermistor and Varistor
(ii) Fixed resistor and Variable resistor
(iii) Junction FET and MOS FET
(iv) Thyristor and Thyratron.
10
(b) A turned circuit is required to have a parallel impedance of 6000 and a Q of 12. If the
resonant frequency is 300 KHz, evaluate all the components in the circuit.
10
(c) Two identical circuits resonant at 1 MHz having Q=100 and inductances of 140 H are
coupled together. Calculate the critical co-efficient of coupling Also, calculate and plot the
secondary current at the resonant frequency for 1 V applied to the primary, as the mutual
inductance is varied from zero to twice the critical value.
15
5. (a) What is a logarithmic volt meter? With the help of a neat circuit/block diagram, describe a
method of realizing this instrument. Give typical uses of this instrument.
10
(b) Describe a method of spectral analysis of an unknown waveform. Draw a neat circuit/block
diagram.
10
(c) (i) Explain the principle of short-wave broadcasting and indicate the technique to be used
for avoiding facting of the received signal.
(ii) Explain what you understand by the following relating to short wave communication:
(A) skip distance; (B) critical frequency, and (C) maximum usable frequency.
15
6. (a) What are the characteristics to be satisfied by a transmitting antenna for MW broadcasting?
Discuss different methods to improve the efficiency of radiation from such antennas.
10
(b) A parabolic antenna having a circular mouth is to have a power gain of 1,000 at = 10 cm.
Estimate the diameter of the mouth and the half-power beam width of the antenna.
10
(i) Distinguish between:
(A) Galactic noise and Atmospheric noise.
(B) Ground wave propagation and Ionospheric propagation.
(C) E-layer and Spoladic E-layer.
15
7. (a) Sketch a moving coil current meter and indicate its principle of operation. What factors
decide the linearity and accuracy of this meter?
10
(b) Compare the relative performance of wire strain guage, foil strain gauge and semi-conductor
strain guage, and indicate typical uses of each of these.
10
(c) Give the basic principles of the following measuring instruments and indicate their uses:
(A) Schering bridge
(B) Energy meter
(c) Frequency meter.
15
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1982
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt five questions choosing not
more them three from either section
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated
at the end of the question
Answers must be written in English
SECTION A
1. (a) Draw the hybrid- equivalent circuit for a CE-transistor amplifier at high frequencies.
Calculate the voltage gain-bandwidth product of the amplifier. in terms of the circuit
constants.
15
(b) Explain the method of shunt compensation for extending the bandwidth of a transistorized
video amplifier. A video CE amplifier stage has a total shunt capacitance C of 25 pF. The
stage is to be compensated at a frequency of 1 MHz by using an RL-combination as the load.
The Q of the load at 1 MHz = 0.5. Calculate the values of RL and L.
15
(c) What are the advantages of using negative feedback in a multistage amplifier? Draw a three-
stage RC-coupled amplifier using parallel voltage feedback. If the output Impedance of the
amplifier without feedback is Ro, what will be its value with feedback?
10
2. Draw the circuit of a Monostable multivibrator using switching transistors. Show the waveforms at
the collectors and bases. Express the output pulse width T in terms of RC constants. Calculate
approximately the circuit constants of the MV for T = 10 sec; given that hfe = 25, Efe = 10 V.
collector loads RL = 1 K each.
15
(b) A pulse generator, for laboratory, use, is to be designed with the specifications Repetition
frequency: 10 Hz. to 106 Hz; pulse width: 0.1 s to 1 m sec; output: 10V; output impedance:
50. and with the facility for external synchronization. Draw the block diagram of the
generator and show the waveforms at different stages.
15
(c) Draw the circuit of a DC to AC Inverter, using SCRs. Explain its operation showing
different waveforms. Name some applications for such inverters.
10
3. (a) Simplify the Boolean functions:
(i) f(x1, x2, x3, x4) = (0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14)
(ii) ABC AD R B C AC AD
(iii) f(ABC) = [A B AB] [A C AC]

15
(b) Draw the circuit of a switched-tail ring counter, using a 4-bit shift register. Sketch the voltage
waveforms at the output of anyone of the flip-flops. Using the state table of the circuit,
synthesize a repeated waveform given by (11000000).
15
(c) Draw the logic diagram of a Serial Binary multiplier and explain the different operations
required in multiplying the binary numbers 1001 and 1011.
10
4. (a) What are the sources of errors in a DC amplifier as used in Analog computer set-ups? Explain
with the help of a block diagram the operation of a Chopperstabilized DC amplifier.
15
(b) Show an Analog computer set-up to solve the Lagranges equation :
my + kay + mg = 0
with the initial conditions: y(0) = 95
y(0) = 50
15
(c) What are the different types of multipliers used in Analog computers? Describe, with a
diagram, the working of a Servo-multiplier.
10
5. (a) Show the asymptotic Bode plot for the open- loop transfer function:
K
G s
s s 1 s 2
What are the gain and phase margins in the system? Is the system using unity feedback
always stable.
15
(b) Describe briefly a Relay servo-mechanism. What are the special properties of the servo and
what is a limit cycle?
10
(c) What are the different methods of controlling the speed of a DC motor? Describe one method
using SCRs and AC power supply.
15
SECTION B
6. (a) Show the Trunking diagram of a 5-digit Automatic exchange using Strowger switches.
Explain Full Availability and Grade of Service, as used in the design of the exchange.
10
(b) Give a block diagram and the frequency assignment plan for the 12-channel FDM carrier
system suitable for use in a cable circuit. Indicate how the carrier frequencies are generated.
What is the Pilot-controlled AGC as used in the system?
15
(c) An SSB communication link has a transmitter power of 20 watts, channel bandwidth of 4
KHz, and the receiver output SNR of 20 db. If the link is replaced by an FM transmitter and
receiver, and if D=4, calculate the transmitter power and the channel bandwidth required for
an output SNI of 40 db.
15
7. (a) Explain the operation of a typical TV camera using a Vidicon tube.
10
(b) Give the block schematic of a 10-channel Time-division multiplex system using PPM.
Describe the modulator and demodulator for the PPM system.
15
(c) Draw the circuit for an Adaptive Delta-modulation coder and decoder. Also draw
approximately the SNR and dynamic range characteristics of the ADM codec, for a bit Tate of
50 kb/s. If the output peak SNR required for the codec is 30 db, calculate the bit rate required
for the audio bandwidth of 4 KHz.
15
8. (a) Explain, with diagrams, the working of:
(i) Ferrite isolator
(ii) Ferrite circulators.
10
(b) Explain how long-distance communication is possible by using Geostationary Satellites. Give
some important specifications regarding:
(i) the standard earth station and
(ii) the satellite transponder.
15
(c) Explain briefly, how a loop antenna may be used as a Direction finder in the H.F. band.
A square-loop antenna has 200 turns and each arm of length 1 metre. This is connected to a
receiver tuned to 10 MHz. Calculate the field strength in V/m required, so that the input to
the receiver is 10 mV, while the loop is oriented at 60 from the direction of the transmitter.
Q of the loop = 100.
15
9. (a) Draw the block diagram of a Microwave receiver as used in a LOS MW system in 2 GHz
band. What is the minimum carrier-to-noise ratio required in the receiver for an acceptable
signal-to noise ratio at the output? Explain why?
10
(b) Explain the operation of a Parametric amplifier using a Varactor diode. What are Manley-
Rowe relations? Draw an up converter using a Varactor diode.
15
(c) Define Noise Figure and Sensitivity of a Microwave receiver. If the receiver has a NF=14 db
and the IFBW = 2 MHz, then calculate the sensitivity of the receiver. If the receiver uses a
preamplifier with a gain of 13 db and a NF=3 db then what is the overall Noise Figure FT of
the preamplifier-receiver combination.
15
10. Write short notes (explaining the operation and applications as welt) on any four of the following:
(a) Blocking oscillator.
(b) Ferrite core memory.
(c) Gunn oscillator.
(d) MTI radar.
(e) Fading and Diversity reception.
(f) Shannons channel capacity theorem.
104
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1983
PAPER - I
Candidates should attempt Question 1 (compulsory) and any
four of the remaining questions.
1. (a) PROVE/ELABORATE the following:
30
(i) Volume element dv in spherical co-ordinates is given by
dv = r2 sin . dr.d.d
(ii) Forces acting on a moving charge g in the presence of both electric and magnetic
fields.
(iii) A half-wave rectifier feeds to a load, which is a series combination of R and L. The
conduction period is less than/ equal to/more than 180o. Give physical explanation.
(iv) Difference between turning off of a silicon controlled rectifier and a TRIAC.
(v) Cut-off voltages of a silicon transistor and a germanium transistor.
(vi) Terminating impedance for a distributed parameter transmission line for maximum
power transfer.
(b) Explain or reason out the following:
30
(i) Which amongst the following three is a fundamental rule (Faradays law of
induction)? Derive the remaining two with assumptions, if any:
d d di
e t N , e t , e t L
dt dt dt
(ii) Necessity of phase and amplitude balance in an AC bridge.
(iii) Physical concepts to prove that the voltage across a condenser and current through an
inductor cannot suddenly change.
(iv) Equivalent of a series combination of an ideal voltage source and an ideal current
source.
(v) Wattmeter reading when its voltage circuit and current circuit are energised by
dissimilar frequency sources.
(vi) In transducers/instrumentation application would you prefer a differentiator or an
integrator? Give reasons.
2. (a) For silicon and germanium diode, state approximately the cut-in voltages. Also compare their
reverse saturation current.
(b) Explain the difference between a rectifier diode and a switching diode, illustrating the
difference with the help of waveforms, when the diodes are biased abruptly from forward to
reverse.
(c) A 15 volts square-wave voltage source has finite internal resistance. Develop a simple
circuit to clamp +15 volts/ to +5 volts and 15 volts to zero volt, with the help of idea dioder
and batteries.
15
3. (a) For a small-signal low-frequency operation, write down v, i equations in terms of h
parameters for common emitter (CE) configuration of a transistor. Therefrom find out
expressions for h parameters.
10
(b) Draw an approximate h parameter model of a CE transistor configuration driven by voltage
source Rs = 0, Ignore hre and hoe]. Consider RL and RE as resistances in collector and emitter
respectively.
Prove that
Current Gain= ht.
Input Imedance = htc[1 + hre] RE
hte RL
Voltage Gain =
hte 1 hte RE
10
(c) The stability factor S for a transistor is defined as rate of change of collector current with
respect to reverse saturation current. A CE configuration of a transistor utilizes self or emitter
bias. Draw the circuit and derive the expression for the stability factor.
15
4. (a) Write down the Laplace transforms for the following functions of time:
(i) Unit impulse. (ii) Unit step function. (iii) First derivative of f(t). (iv) Integral of f(t).
(v)f(ta).
(b) State, the initial and. final value theorems for Laplace transform applications. Can you apply
these theorems to circuits with sinusoidal forcing functions?
10
(c) A series RL circuit [initially relaxed] is suddenly switched across a sinusoidal voltage
wL
source E sin (wt+) at t=0. Prove that if tan 1 , there is no transient in the current.
R
15
5. (a) State giving reasons, whether each of the following basic instruments can be used for DC
alone/AC alone/ AC and DC both:
10
(i) Permanent magnet moving coil type.
(ii) Moving iron type.
(iii) Dynamometer type.
(b) It is required to find phase-shift between two similar frequency sinusoidal voltages by
Lissajous figures on a cathoderay oscilloscope. Discuss the method.
10
(c) In a digital voltmeter an unsigned (No sign bit) 8-bit binary number 1111, 1111 [FF in Hex]
represents 10 volts. Find the least count for the voltmeter and the binary number for 5 volts.
15
6. (a) Define and name the realizable function used for driving point synthesis. Give its properties.
10
(b) Test the function for realizability a driving point function:
s 2 2s 24
s 2 5s 16
10
(c) Obtain a suitable Foster form realization of the function:
s. s 2
Y s
s 1 s 3
15
7. (a) The divergence theorem is given by the integral relationship:
D.ds .Ddv
S vol
Make a correct statement of the theorem represented in the given form.

(b) Evaluate both sides of the divergence theorem for the field F 2r 2 ar , for the volume of the
sphere with r=3.
10
(c) State conditions for solenoidal and irrotational fields.
Given the field P ar k / r n , in which k is a constant, show that
P 2 n k / r n1 (Excluding r = 0)
What choice of n will provide a solenoidal field ? Prove whether field P is irrotational or
not.
15
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1983
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt five questions, choosing not more than three from each Section
SECTION A
1. (a) What are the charge control parameters of a transistor? How is the high frequency
performance of transistors improved?
(b) What is the input impedence of the circuit given below? The transistors are identical and have
aib=200 ohms, hrb= 105, hfb=0.98 and hob = 2 millimhos.
15
(c) How would you provide temperature compensation for the variations of Vbe and current
stabilisation of the operating point?
2. (a) How would you distinguish signals from noise?
5
(b) A Gaussian signal has a power spectral density of 3V2/Hz for f1 kHz and zero elsewhere.
What is the probability density of the noise and what is the effect of passing it through a low-
pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 500 Hz?
10+10
(c) What are the functions of preemphasis and deem phasis in an FM system? What is the
improvement in the signal to noise ratio due to this?
15
3. (a) How is the large input impedance needed for an operational amplifier obtained? What are the
other features of amplifiers used in analog computers?
10
(b) How would you
(i) generate any given arbitrary function for use in analog computers;
(ii) multiply two variables ?
15
s 1
(c) Simulate the transfer function T s with the help of operational amplifiers.
s 2 s 4
How would you introduce initial conditions ?
15
4. (a) Design a sequence detector which produces an output of 1 every time the sequence 0101 is
detected and zero at all other times.
20
(b) Give the diagram and explain the operation of a step wave generator of total duration 1 ms
consisting of 4 steps of each IV.
20
5. (a) How would you find whether a limit cycle exists for a given, functions ?
(b) How can you construct the time waveform from the phase plane diagram ?
5
(c) List the steps in drawing the root locus.
10
(d) Draw the root locus and test the stability of function with unity feedback:
G(s) = s(s+2)/s(s+1)(4s2+s+1)
20
SECTION B
6. (a) With a diagram explain the various parts of a subscriber telephone set connected to an
automatic exchange. How is it different from an operator set?
15
(b) Describe the differential duplex system of telegraph. A teleprinter with a margin of 40% is
adjusted to sample each code element at the central position of a 50-band signal. What are the
upper and lower limits of the r.p.m. of the transmitting shaft for which the receiver will
function without error?
15
(c) Describe the modulator used in carrier current working.
7. (a) What arc the dimensions of a waveguide with the following specifications ?
(i) At a frequency of 9959.5 MHz the guide wavelength for TE10 mode is 87.57% of the
cut-off wavelength.
(ii) TE30 and TE12 modes have the same cut off frequency.
15
(b) Deduce the expression for the attenuation produced by a piston attenuator.
(c) Explain the action of Magic-T. How are standing waves avoided in this?
10
8. (a) A radar with a beam width of 1 scans a target of angular width 10o at 10 r.p.m. Find the
number of pulses received if the p.r.f is 500 pps. Compare pre-detection and post-detection
integration of signals.
10
(b) With a block diagram explain the operation of a mono-pulse radar. What type of antenna
would you use for this?
15
(c) Describe a Decca Navigation System.
15
9. (a) How is the IF for sound IF amplifiers generated in an inter-carrier TV receiver ? What is its
value ?
10
(b) Explain the method of producing extra high tension in TV receiver? What is the function of
the booster diode?
10
(c) What is Hamming distance is codes? A message consists of five symbols A, B, C, D and E
with probabilities 1/6, 1/4, 1/12, 1/8 and 3/8. Find the entropy and a code suitable for its
transmission.
20
10. Writes notes on any four:
40
(a) Probability of false alarm in the presence of Gaussian noise in radar pulses. (b) Capture effect. (c)
FDMA and TDMA. (a) Path loss in satellite transmission. (e) IMPATT diodes (f) Bootstrap circuits.
(g) VOR. (h) Totem pole output stages. (i) Signal flow graphs. (j) Noise figure of cascaded stages.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1984
PAPER - I
Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks : 200
Candidates should attempt question No. 1 which is compulsory
and any four of the remaining questions
1. (a) Discuss/Reason-out any five of the following:
(i) Reasons for development from Fourier-series to Fourier- Transform to Laplace-
Transform.
(ii) Various waveform symmetry affecting the Fourier-coefficients aa, an, and bn.
(iii) Necessity of shading a part of an A.C. Electromagnet in Induction Instruments. What
is the direction of force or torque (i.e. from shaded pole to non-shaded pole or vice
versa)?
(iv) In the simplest form, a mechanical Accelerometer consists of a SPRING-MASS-
DASHPOT mechanism in a frame attached to a moving vehicle. Prove that the
steady-state displacement of mass w.r.t. frame is a measure of constant acceleration of
the frame,
(v) A Digital voltmeter can measure a maximum of 20 volts and employs a six-bit
Analogue to Digital converter. What voltage change does each LSB represent?
What voltage does [100 10] represents?
(vi) Synthesize the electrical LAG-LEAD network having the following transfer function:
s 1/ 1 s 1/ 2
G s
s 1/ 1 s 1/ 2
where >1 and <1.
30
(b) Explain/Elaborate any five of the following:

(i) Trajectory of a charged particle, shot into a uniform electric field, with initial velocity
U perpendicular to electric intensity E.
(ii) One capacitor of 2 microfarad charged to 10 volts and, the other of 001 microfarad
charged to 200 volts are parallel with similar polarity. What will be steady-state
voltage across the combination?
(iii) Skin effect in solid round conductors: How does the conductor resistance and internal
inductance change at high frequencies ? What is the remedy?
(iv) A simple Battery and Galvanometer method to determine polarity marks on a mutual
inductance.
(v) In a permanent Magnet Moving Coil Galvanometer the coil former can be either of
conducting or non-conducting material. Does it affect steady-state or dynamic
performance or both?
(vi) By laminating a magnetic core, which is subjected to flux reversals, attempt is made
to reduce eddy current losses or hysteresis losses or both. Explain.
30
2. The silicon transistor as connected in figure below has a minimum value of hFB of 30.
(a) If input voltage vi =12 volts, show that the transistor is in Saturation.
(b) If input voltage vi = 0.4 volt, show that the transistor is in cut-off.
(c) For the case (b) find the maximum temperature at which the transistor remain just cut-off.
Assume ICBO of 10 nano-amperes at 25 degrees Centigrade and doubles for every 10 degree
Centigrade rise in temperature.
10
3. (a) A number of solid state devices display, in Terms of V-I characteristics, a negative
incremental resistance. State the devices and draw the characteristics.
10
(b) A transistor used in ON/OFF or switching mode drives a highly inductive attracted armature
type electromagnetic relay connected in its collector circuit. Show where do you connect a
free- wheel inc hole and elaborate its purpose.
10
(c) Two waveforms are to be seen simultaneously on an oscilloscope. We may use either
(i) a double-beam oscilloscope, or
(ii) a single-beam oscilloscope in SWITCHED MODE,
OR
(iii) a single-beam oscilloscope in ALTERNATE MODE By suitable illustration of time-
bases, explain the difference and limitations of each type.
15
4. (a) A potential difference given by
v0(t)=Vm sin t
is applied between the terminals or a LONG LOSS-LESS transmission line, the frequency f
of the applied voltage being 3 l00 cycles/sec. Write an equation for the voltage at a point P
which is 1.5 wavelengths down the line from the voltage source.
(b) Two equal charges, q, of opposite sign, separated by a distance a constitute an electric
dipole. Derive an expression for the electric potential V at any point in space due to this
dipole, assuming that the point is not too close to the dipole. Sketch appropriate equipotential
lines.
10
(c) Consider spherical symmetric distribution of charge of radius R, The charge density in
coul/metre cube be assumed to remain constant from the centre to the radius R in any
direction.
Write down the Gausss Law and derive an expression for electric field E for points.
(i) outside the charge distribution
(ii) inside the charge distribution
15
5. (a) Define what you mean by DOT or POLARITY marks on two mutually coupled circuits.
Draw two coils, with any sense of direction, on a common magnetic core and put down the
polarity marks.
10
(b) Two mutually coupled coils are connected in series. Show that the equivalent inductance of
the series combination tends to increase or decrease depending upon the polarity or dot
marks.
10
(c) Write down he MESH equations for the following network :
6. (a) The Fourier theorem states that a periodic function satisfying certain conditions can be
represented by an infinite series of sinusoids of harmonically related frequencies. Write down
the series in
(i) conventional form, and
(ii) combined form
10
(b) Prove, analitically. that the Fourier coefficient an is given by equation
1 2
f cos n .d
0
an
10
(c) Find the peak value of fundamental for the following. periodic triangular wavefrom:
8
f . 0
2
8 3
f 8 .
2 2
8 3
f 16 . 2
2
15
7. (a) Limiting Errors:
A resistance having a name plate resistance of 100 ohms carries a current of 4 amperes as
read by an ammeter. The power dissipated comes out to be I2R = 1600 watts. The guaranteed
maximum errors for the resistance and ammeter are 0.2% and 0.5% respectively. Find the
possible error in the indicated, power of 1600 watts.
10
(b) Wheatstone Bridge:
There are upper and lower limits to unknown resistance that can be measured by the
conventional Wheatstone Bridge. Explain the reasons.
(c) Current and Potential Transformers:
It is said that in a potential transformer (P.T.), the magnetic flux substantially remains
constant irrespective of burden (load) whereas.
In a current transformer (C.T.) the magnetic flux increases as the burden is increased.
Explain why this difference. Neglect primary and secondary series resistance/leakage
reactance.
15
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1984
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt five questions, choosing not more than three questions from each Sect ion.
SECTION A
1. (a) Why is thermal stabilization needed in transistor circuits ? Determine the values of the
resistors in Figure 1 such that Ic = 5 mA, Vce = 8V, Ve=6V and S= 10 hfe =20 and Vec = 20V.
(b) What do the following mean :

(i) derating
(ii) fT.
List the factors controlling the high frequency and high power performance of transistors.
15
(c) Why is common base configuration sometimes preferred?
5
2. (a) What are current controlled and voltage controlled negative resistances? Explain how such
circuits may be used in bistable circuits.
15
(b) Explain the action of a transistor voltage regulator. How can its current range be increased?
10
(c) How do you express the sensitivity of a feedback network to changes in any one of its
parameters ? Find the sensitivity of the voltage amplification to changes in the network given
in Figure
15
3. (a) Discuss the relationship between ergodic process stationary process, time averages and
ensemble averages. Obtain the relationship between them.
15
(b) Derive the Fourier transform of a unit step function. What is the effect of time shifting the
waveform.
10
(c) With a diagram explain the principle of delta modulation. How are signals demodulated?
15
4. (a) Compare the advantages of the closed loop control system. Find C(S)/R(S) for the system
given in Figure 3 below:
15
(b) Draw the Bode Plot of
64 S 2
G S

S S 0.5 S 2 32 S 64
15
(c) What are the methods of improving the stability of control system?
10
5. (a) Design a lighting circuit such that the lights may be switched on or off from any one of the
four switch points.
20
(b) Design a parallel counter using, only JK flip-flops, AND gates and or gates which counts in
the sequence 000, 111, 101, 110, 001, 010, 000, ...
20
SECTION B
6. (a) What are the advantages of PCM? How is it implemented ?
(b) Show that the channel capacity of a noisy channel is C = B log2(l +S/N) where B is the
bandwidth and (S/N) is the signal to noise ratio.
10
(c) Compare FSK and PSK.
10
(d) Compute the noise performance of an SSB suppressed carrier System.
10
7. (a) Describe the factors which control the design of an LOS link.
(b) What are noise temperature and equivalent noise? A resistor of value R ohms is connected
across a capacitance C. What is the RMS value of the noise voltage -across the circuit?
15
(c) A radar transmitter has a maximum average peak power capability and average power
capability of 10 megawatts and 5 kilowatts respectively. If Pr f is 300 Hz what is the range
resolution ?
10
8. (a) A rectangular waveguide is propagating in the TE11 mode. Draw its field pattern. How do you
extract energy from a wave propagating in this mode of propagation? What is the power
passing through a rectangular waveguide propagating in the TE10 mode when the maximum
of the signal strength is 100 mV/m? The dimensions of the waveguide are 3 cm 15 cm and
the frequency is 10 G Hz.
20
(b) A double resonator Rlystron is to give maximum power output at the fundamental frequency
of 6 G Hz. The accelerating voltage is 1000 V and the signal input amplitude is 3V Assuming
that the beam-coupling coefficient is unity, what is the length of the drift space ?
9. (a) With suitable diagrams explain how the following are eliminated in a telephone:
(i) side tone
(ii) cross talk
Describe any type of transmission bridge used in telephone.
(b) Describe the bridge duplex telegraphy. What are the causes of telegraph distortion ?
(c) What do you understand by the following ?
(i) additive primaries (ii) complementary primaries.
Why suppressed sub-carrier modulation is used in colour TV ? How is frequency and phase
synchronisation ensured?
40
10. Write notes on any four of the following:
(a) Duplexes in radar ; (b) Sampling theorem ; (c) Gunn devices (d) Block coding (e) Fresnel zone ;
(f) Tropospheric effects at microwave frequencies; (g) Facsimile ; (h) Decca navigation system.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1985
PAPER - I
Time allowed: 3 hour Maximum marks: 200
Candidates should attempt Question 1 which is compulsory and any four of the remaining question.
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question.
1. (a) Draw the equivalent circuit of a practical resistor, taking Its lead inductance and stray
capacitance into account. Show that, at low frequencies, the practical resistor may behave as
an ideal resistor if the element values are properly related. Find this relation.
8
(b) Draw the equivalent circuit of a practical) capacitor, taking its lead inductance, lead
resistance and leakage resistance into account. What is the frequency above which the
capacitor actually behaves as an inductor?
8
(c) The impedances of the two networks shown in Fig. 1 are the same. Find the values of C1, B2,
R2 and O2.
8
(d) State and prove the initial value theorem of Laplace transforms.
8
(e) Find the intrinsic carrier concentration of Germanium, if its intrinsic resistivity at 300 K is
0.47 ohm-m. It is given that the electronic charge is 1.6 1019 coulombs, and that electron
and bole mobilities at 300 K are 0.39 an 0.19 m2/(volt.sec),
8
(f) An antenna array is required to produce the normalized radiation pattern shown in Fig. 2.
Specify all that you can about the array.
8
(g) A voltmeter having a sensitivity of 1000 /V reads 100 V on its 150 V scale when connected
across an unknown resistor Rx in series with a milliammeter which reads 5 mA. Find Rx.
8
(h) What is the resolution of a 3 digit display DVM for 0 to 1 V range ? What is the resolution
on the 0 to 10 V range?
4
2. (a) Give a schematic diagram of the SCR and derive its equivalent representation in terms of
transistors. Express the current in the SCR in terms of the Icos and alphas of the individual
transistors.
12
(b) The diode shown in Fig. 3 is nor ideal, and has a reverse saturation current of 10 A. Find the
peak forward current In the diode and the peak forward voltage drop across it.
13
(c) Draw the complete hybrid-vs equivalent circuit of a transistor and find an expression for the
short-circuit current gain.
10
3. (a) Explain, with a neat block diagram, the principle of operation of an instrument for
measurement of the harmonic content of a waveform, using a null network.
10
(b) A coil was tested using a Q-meter and the following results were obtained:
Oscillator Frequency Tuning Capacitance Setting
3 MHz 251 pF
6 MHz 50 pF
Find the self-capacitance of the coil.
12
(c) A strain gauge of resistance 1k and gauge fact 2 is mounted on a cantilever beam and
connected in one arm of a Wheatatone bridge, whose other three arms have a resistance of
1k each The bridge is supplied by a 10V source and the detector has a resistance of 1k
and a sensitivity of 10 mm/A.. What is the detector deflection for 0.1% strain ?
13
4. (a) Explain how Hall effect can be used to the carrier concentration in a semi-conductor.
10
(b) Synthesize a network to realize the voltage transfer function
V0 s sa
K
Vt s sb
where a<b. What is the highest possible value of K that can be realized?
13
(e) Determine the relationship(s) between the elements of the network of Fig. 4 so that its
Impedance is resistive at all frequencies.
12
5. (a) The switch in the circuit shown in Fig. 5 has been In position a for a long time. At t=0, the
switch is moved to position b. Find vc (0+), vo. (0,)
dvo t
, v0 (t) for t>0 and ic (t) for t>0. At what value of t will vc (t) pass through zero
dt t 0
value?
18
(b) Find the transfer function of the network shown in Fig. 6. Plot the magnitude response of the
network and show that it behaves a band-pass filter. What are its centre frequency and Q?
17
6. (a) Calculate, from first principles, the capacitance of a spherical condenser, formed by two
concentric conducting spherical shells of radii a and b, b>a, when the region between the
spheres is a dielectric with permittivity .
15
(b) Carry out appropriate mathematical analysis to derive a physical interpretation of the quantity

E H for a uniform plane electromagnetic wave.
20
7. (a) A two wire lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance 300, length 2m and
velocity of propagation 2.8 108 m/s is driven by a sinusoidal source of 300 internal
resistance, 60V amplitude and 100 MHz frequency, and is terminated in a resistance of 150.
Determine
(i) the reflection coefficient at the output end
(ii) the VSWR on the line
(iii) input impedance
(iv) input current
(v) average power supplied to the line
(vi) average power supplied to the load
(vii) the amplitude of the load voltage.
20
(b) A pure sine wave at a frequency of 0 rad/s is required for a particular application. The
available signal generator produces a waveform at 0 tad/a, which is rich in the second and
third harmonics. Give a simple means of getting rid of these harmonics using the LEAST
possible number of circuit elements. Give the element values in terms of 0.
15
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1985
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt five questions choosing not more than three questions from each Section.
SECTION A
1. (a) Discuss the different types of transistor biasing circuits. Derive an expression for the stability
factor in self-biasing circuit.
12
(b) In an R-C coupled amplifier using transistors, find the mid-band gain and the two half-power
frequencies neglecting the effect of biasing components in the circuit. The device parameters
are
hie=2 k, ; hfe=50; Cbie=100pF: Cbje=4pF; Rc = RL = 10k; Rs = 1k; Ce = Cb = 1F;
CE=20F; RE = 1k.
14
(c) In the circuit shown in Fig. 1, Rd=12k, Rg=1M.; Rs=2k; VDD=25 volts; Cs=100F;
IDSS=4 mA; VP=4 volts; gm=1m ; rdRd.
Determine VDS; Id; Vgs and AV.
14
2. (a) Draw the equivalent circuit or a CE amplifier using hybrid model at high frequencies and
derive the expression for voltage gain and band-width taking source resistance into account.
10
(b) A silicon transistor has the following parameters:
hfa=50; hie= 1k; fT=300 MHz; Cbie = 4pF; Ie =2.0 mA; T=25C.
Calculate gm; rb,e ; rbb, and Cbie.
10
(c) Design a series voltage regulator to give an out put voltage of 20 volts d.c. and a load current
of 500 mA. Provide current limiting circuit and preregulator. The Unregulated supply has
Vi=505 volts.
10
(d) Draw the circuit of a cascode amplifier using BJT and FET. Explain its working.
10
3. (a) Draw the clipping circuit to clip the 20 volts sinusoidal waveform at +4 volts and 3 volts.
Assume ideal diodes. Sketch the transfer characteristics, input and output waveforms.
10
(b) Draw the circuit of an astable multivibrator using transistors and explain its action. Sketch the
waveforms at various points. Design an astable circuit using silicon transistors to generate a
square waveform of amplitude 10 volts at a frequency of 10 kHz with a duty cycle of 04.
Choose C1=C2=.01 F.
10
(c) With the help of a circuit diagram explain the operation of a UJT relaxation oscillator. Sketch
the waveforms at base 1, base 2 and emitter. Derive the expression for frequency of
oscillations. Modify the circuit to get linear sweep.
20
4. (a) Minimize the following Boolean expression and realize it using only NAND gates :
8
f A, B, C , D ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD
(b) Simplify
f(A, B, C, D) = m(0, 1, 4, 5, 9, 11, 14, 15) + d(10, 13).
8
(c) Draw the circuit diagram of a Master Slave J-K flip-flop using NAND gates. What is race
around condition? How is it eliminated in Master Slave J-K flip-flop.
14
(d) Design a Modulo 9 asynchronous counter using Master Slave J.K flip-flops.
10
5. (a) Construct an equivalent signal flow graph for the block diagram shown in Fig. 2 and evaluate
the transfer function C (s) R (s).
15
K
(b) The transfer function of a feedback control system is given as G s and
s s 2 s 5
2
H(s) = 1. Sketch the root locus diagram for the system indicate the crossing points of the loci
on the j-axis and the corresponding values of K and .
15
(c) For the given loop gain function, sketch the Nyquist diagram and Investigate the stability of
the system:
1 4s
G s H s
s 1 s 1 2 s
2
10
SECTION B
6. (a) Explain the process of drift space bunching and reflector bunching using Applegate
diagrams.
7
(b) Prove that the electronic admittance in a Reflex Klystron is a soiral.
15
(c) Design a rectangular waveguide with copper conductor and air dielectric so that the dominant
mode will propagate with 30% safety factor (f=1.3 fc) but also so that the wave type with
next higher mode cutoff is 30% below its cutoff frequency. Assume f=3.0 GHz.
10
(d) To identical 20 db directional couplers are connected back to back in a microwave
reflectometer measurement setup. The reading on the power-meter in the forward direction
was 1.0 mW and in the reverse direction was 0.1 mW. Calculate the reflection coefficient and
VSWR on she line.
8
7. (a) Explain the principle and Working of a GUNN oscillator.
12
(b) Determine the resonant frequency of a cube of side 1.0 cm in TE111 mode.
8
(c) Explain the importance of scattering parameters in microwave measurements and write the
scattering matrix for a 3-port ideal circulator and a 3-db 3-port power divider.
10
(d) Draw the block diagram of a Microwave Link Repeater and explain its working.
10
8. (a) Describe the different tones used in an auto-telephone exchange.
6
(b) Why are TV standards required? Compare the US and Indian TV standards (monochrome)
giving at least 10 selected parameters.
7
(c) Using a circuit diagram explain how sync. pulses are obtained from the composite video
signal and how in turn horizontal sync. pulses are extracted.
15
(d) State Hartley-Shanon theorem and explain.
A system has a bandwidth of 4.0 kHz and an 8/N ratio of 28 db at the input to the receiver,
calculate (i) its information carrying capacity and (ii) the capacity of the channel if its
bandwidth is doubled while the transmitted signal power remains constant.
12
9. (a) Explain the working of an MTI Radar system with the help of a block diagram.
15
(b) Calculate the maximum range of a guided Missile Tracking Radar operating at 5.0 GHz with
a 1.0 MW peak power output. The antenna diameter is 3.66 m and the receiver has a
bandwidth of 16 MHz with 11.0 db noise figure. The target cross-section is 1.0 m2.
(c) Explain the terms uniselector, group selector and final selector. Give the Trunking diagram of
a 1000 line auto exchange and explain.
15
10. Write short notes on any four:
(a) PCM and its advantages. (b) Magnetron. (c) Colour TV (d) Companding (e) Lag-lead
compensation networks. (f) Phase locked loop. (g) A/D converters. (h) Full adder circuit.
40
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1986
PAPER - I
Candidates should attempt Question 1 which is compulsory and any four of the remaining question.
The number of mark, carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question.
1. Answer briefly and to the point:
88=64
(a) Can an inductor of value 1 mH be fabricated by the integrated circuit technology? If your
answer is yes, explain how. If your answer is no, suggest an alternative.
(b) Draw the symbol of a TRIAC and its principal vi characteristics. Label each diagram in as
much detail as possible.
(c) When two 2-port networks are connected in parallel, the [y] matrix of the resulting network
may not be the sum of the [y] matrices of the component networks. Why? Give examples to
illustrate this fact.
(d) A source of internal impedance Rs.+ jX, delivers power to a variable load of impedance RL +
j0. Derive the condition(s) for maximum rowel in the load.
(e) In an a c. circuit the effective resistance of a conductor is higher than its d.c. resistance. Why
is this so ?
(f) Define the term radiation resistance as applied to an antenna. Consider two dipoles of
lengths l and 2l which are excited by sinusoidal currents at frequencies f and f/2 respectively.
What is the ratio of their radiation resistances ?
(g) Explain how a Q-meter can be used to measure the primary constants R, L, G, C of a
transmission line.
(h) What is an instrumentation amplifier ? Draw the circuit of such an amplifier using op. amps.
and derive an expression for its gain.
2. (a) Derive the diffusion equation
N 2 N
D 2
t z
where the symbols have their usual meanings.
19
(b) Sketch five different connections in which a bipolar junction transistor can be used as a
diode. Determine the series resistance in each case, if the given transistor can be represented
by the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. Q. 2 (b). Which of these five connections has the
lowest series resistance?
15
3. (a) The circuit shown in Fig. 3 (a) is known as a
VBE multiplier. Justify this by deriving an expression for VA. Draw a sketch of VA versus IO.
Identify clearly the regions in which Q is ON and Q is OFF.
19
(b) The electric field

E 2 cos 108 t z ax 2sin 108 t z a y

where ax and a y are unit vectors in the z and y directions, is established in a certain
material, whose permeability is the same as that of free space. What is the permittivity of the

medium relative to free space? Determine the accompanying magnetic field H .
15
4. (a) Realize the driving point admittance
3s 2 10 s 6
Y s
s 2 6s 6
in the form shown in Fig. Q. 4 (a).
15
(b) Find another realization, of Y(s) of Q. 4 (a), which is different from Fig. Q. 4 (a).
10
(c) In the circuit of Fig. 4 (c), Q1 and Q2 are identical. Find I2 in the terms of I0.
9
5. (a) For the circuit shown in Fig. 5 (a), obtain an expression for the current Ix in terms of Is and
the circuit parameters. Find the condition(s) under which Ix = 0.
19

(b) Probe measurements on a uniform plane wave show that the electric field E has only a z-
component and that the distance between the positive maxima, as measured along the x and y
axes, are 5 m and 3 m respectively. Specify the direction of propagation by a unit vector.
Also, find the wavelength.
15
6. (a) The bridge shown in Fig. Q.6(a) can be used for measuring an unknown inductance Lx and its
series resistance
Rx. Determine the conditions for resistive and reactive balance. Are they independent of each
other ? What are the largest values of Lx and Rx which can be measured by the bridge if:
R1=20 k (fixed); R2=50 k; C2 = 0.003 F; Source frequency = 1 megaradian/s; c1 is
adjustable from 10 pF to 150 pF; and R4 is adjustable from 0 to 10k?
19
(b) A two-wire lossless line in air, having a characteristic impedance of 100 R and a phase shift
of rad/m, is terminated in a 100 pF capacitor in parallel with a 100 . resistor. Determine
the VSWR on the line.
15
7. (a) A capacitive transducer, used to measure small displacements, consists of the interdigital
arrangement of nine plates in air, as shown in Fig. 7 (a). Each plate measures 25 mm 25
mm and the distance between two consecutive plates is 0.25 mm. Determine the sensitivity of
the device. (Assume. the permittivity of air to be 8.85 pF/m.)
(b) It is desired to measure the peak value of a 100 kHz sinusoidal voltage source of output
resistance 10 k with a CPO whose input resistance is 1 M and whose input capacitance is
50 pF. Determine the percentage error of this measurement.
10
(c) A temperature sensing device can be modelled by a first order system with a time constant of
6 seconds. If at t=0, the temperature is suddenly increased from 25oC to 150oC, what
temperature will be indicated after 10 seconds?
9
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1986
PAPER - II
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum marks: 200
Candidates should attempt five questions, choosing not than three questions from each section.
SECTION A
1. (a) The current-voltage characteristic of an n-channel MOSFET is given by
IDK(2(VGSVT) VDSV2DS), if VGSVT>VDS
2
=K(VGSVT) , if VGSVT<VDS
The MOSFET is operated as a self-biased amplifier with a drain load of 100 k ohms. Given
that the supply voltage is 5 V, K=20 microamp/V2, VT=2 volts, self-bias voltage across a
source resistance of 50 k ohm is 1V, find the gain of the amplifier. Ignore the impedance of
the bypass capacitor across the source resistance.
12
(b) Can we use three or more transistors to form Darlington pairs? Justify your answer.
Explain the principle of operation of the Darlington emitter follower employing modified bias
circuit shown in Fig. 1. If the gain of this amplifier be 0.99, determine the value of R3 for
obtaining effective input resistance contributed by R3 greater than 10M.
16
(c) What type of feedback circuit is represented by the circuit shown in Fig. 2? Draw the
equivalent circuits of this amplifier and hence obtain the input impedance with feedback.
12
2. (a) How is an operational amplifier used as a buffer stage ? Derive expressions for the input
impedance and gain of such a buffer stage.
12
(b) An unregulated supply varies between 20 and 25 volts and has a 10 internal resistance. A
10 V Zener diode with maximum dissipating power of 800 mW is to regulate this voltage for
use in a tape recorder. The recorder draws 30 mA while recording and 50 mA while playing
back. The Knee of the Zener characteristics occurs at 10 mA. The Zener diode resistance
may be assumed to be 10 in the operating range. Determine the series resistance needed so
that the Zener diode regulates continuously.
16
(c) A voltage pulse of width tp is applied to a high- pass RC circuit. Plot the output waveform for
RC
(i) 1
tv
RC
(ii) 1 and explain .
tv
12
3. (a) How is an FET used as a VVR (voltage variable resistance) ? Explain.
10
(b) The circuit of the emitter coupled astable multivibrator is shown in Fig. 3. Explain its
operation as a voltage controlled oscillator and sketch the waveforms at various points.
16
(c) Draw the circuit of a Schmitt trigger (regenerative comparator) and explain its operation.
Sketch its transfer characteristics and response to an arbitrary signal.
14
4. (a) Use a Karnaugh map to simplify the Boolean expression
Y ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC
10
(b) Explain the operation of the circuit shown in Fig. 4 and show the waveforms at nodes a and b.
10
(c) Sketch a 4 bit shift left register and explain its performance.
10
(d) Write the truth table for a full subtractor and hence obtain its logic circuit.
10
5. (a) Develop a state equation formulation for a System described by
x a1 x x y

and give an analog simulation diagram. Sketch the phase plane trajectory for a1=12 and
derive the step response from the diagram. Indicate the modification in the trajectory when a1
is replaced by a non-linear function of x.
14
(b) Draw a signal flow graph for the system shown in Fig. 5 and hence obtain the transfer
function C(s)/R(s) using Masons gain formula.
14
(c) A closed loop control system is to be designed for an under damped response to a unit step.
Find the desirable range of pole locations for the second order system. The specifications for
the system are:
30% > per cent overshoot > 10%
Setting time < 0.4 sec for 2% tolerance band.
12
SECTION B
6. (a) Show the time domain and frequency domain (spectrum) characteristics of the following
modulated waves produced by a single tone:
(i) AMSC wave
(ii) SSB upper side band.
5
(b) With the help of suitable analytical steps show that for AM with large noise the performance
of the envelope detector proves inferior to the rpnchronous detector.
10
(c) Without taking recourse to derivation of expressions for SNR discuss the threshold effect in
FM and its improvement with phase locked loop.
10
(d) Briefly describe a scheme for the implementation of a DPCM system. Discuss advantages
and disadvantages of DPCM compared with PCM.
15
7. (a) Draw a properly labelled block diagram of a monochrome TV transmitter.
12
(b) Discuss the operation of the colour demodulators in a TV receiver. Explain why (RY) and
(BY) are normally selected as their outputs.
12
(c) Explain the working of a pulsed radar system. Compare its merits and demerits with CW
Doppler radar system.
16
8. (a) An MTI radar operates at 10 GHz with a PRF of 3000 pp. Calculate the lowest three blind
speeds of this
6
(b) Write main features of Start-Stop telegraphy used in tele-printers.
8
(c) Describe the construction and characteristics of the microphone employed in telephone
handset.
12
(d) An analog signal is band limited to B Hz, sampled at the Nyquist rate and the samples are
quantized into 4 levels. The quantized levels are assumed independent and occur with
probabilities 1/4, 1/3, 1/8 and 1/2. Find the average information and information rate of the
source.
14
9. Obtain an expression for the velocity of propagation (group velocity) in a waveguide.
A 6 GHz signal is to be propagated in the dominant mode in a rectangular waveguide. If its group
velocity is to be the 90% of the free space velocity of tight, what must be the breadth of the
waveguide? What impedance will it offer to this signal, if it is correctly matched ?
14
(b) Briefly describe the cavity coupling methods. Find the resonant frequency of a copper
rectangular cavity of dimensions a=b=d=10 cm for TE101 mode.
12
(c) What is the principle of strapping in a magnetron? What are he disadvantages of strapping
under certain conditions? Show the cross section of a magnetron anode. Cavity system dial
does not require strapping.
14
10. Write notes on any four:
14
(a) Satellite communication
(b) CMOS
(c) Integrated injection logic
(d) DAC
(e) IMPATI
(i) Electronic switching system
(g) Optical fibres
(h) Semi-conductor laser.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1987
PAPER - I
1. (a) Name three acceptor and three donor materials for doping of a semiconductor, Draw, roughly
to scale, neat and labelled energy band diagrams for a metal, an n-type semiconductor and an
insulator, at room temperature.
(b) Define the terms f, f and fT as applied to a transistor and establish the relations between
them.
(c) Define the term Q, as applied to a coil, in terms of energy, and use the same to derive an
expression for the Q of a coil which can be represented as a parallel RL combination, at a
frequency f.
(d) Sketch the functions
tu(t), (tT)u(t), tu(tT) and (tT)u(tT)
where u(t) is the unit step function, and write down their Laplace transforms.
(e) An inductance is fabricated by winding N turns of wire around a circular iron core of cross-
sectional area A, permeability and mean length l. It carries a current I. What do you mean
by term mean length? Write expressions for the m.m.f, the reluctance of the coil, the flux
linked with each turn of the coil, and the inductance of the coil.
(f) From a log of 5 mF, 200V capacitors, how would you construct a 10 F, 1,000 V capacitor
using the minimum number of 5 F capacitors?
(g) Explain how the low frequency 3 db point of an-amplifier can be measured by square wave
testing.
(h) Explain, with a block diagram, how the average speed of an object can he measured by using
two photo cells with associated electronic circuits so that the indication is digital.
2. (a) What do you mean by saturation of a transistor? In the circuit shown in Fig. Q 2a,
determine VBB to saturate the transistor. Assume VCEsat = 0.1 V, VE,sat = 0.6 Vand hFE = 50.
(b) State and prove Millers theorem. Apply it to unilateralize the hybridx equivalent circuit of a
common emitter amplifier with a resistive load. State clearly the assumptions involved.
3. (a) Synthesize one RL and one RC netword to realize the open circle voltage transfer function
asb
as+b
Justify your answers fully.
(b) Fig Q.3 bi shows at two-port device called the gyrator whose short-circuit admittance matrix
is
O G
y
G O
Show that the two two-ports of Fig. 3 Q. 3 bii and Q 3 biii are equivalent. Find L.
4. (a) An air-filled coaxial cable has inner and outer conductors of radii a and b. The primary
constants of the line, per unit length, axe given by
b 1 1 1
C 2 0 / ln R
a 2 a b
0 b
L ln G0
2 a
What do and in the expression for R stand for? It is known that at the frequency of
operation f, 2fLR. Find approximate expressions for the characteristic impedance Z0 and
the attenuation per unit length of the line. Show that the Latter is a minimum when
b b b
ln 1 .
a a a
(b) Let a lossless transmission line of length l and characteristic impedance Z0 be terminated in a
load impedance ZL. Let distances be. measured from the load and i.e. let x=0 correspond to
the load end and x=l correspond to the source end. Also, let V1 denote the amplitude of the
incident wave at the source end. Show, from first principles, that the total voltage V at any
point x of the line is given by
2V1e j l
V Z L cos x jZ0 sin x
Z1 Z 0
where is the phase constant of the line.
5. (a) Explain, with a block diagram, how A/D conversion can be achieved by using an analog
comparator, a counter, a D/A converter and an appropriate gate circuit.
(b) Show that the inductance Lx and its equivalent series resistance rx can be measured with the
circuit shown in Fig. Q.5b. Indicate, clearly, the following:
(i) In the measurement, should the voltmeter reading be maximised or minimized?
(ii) What is (are) to be varied to achieve (i): oscillator frequency, C, R or a combination
of them?
(iii) If more than one parameter is to be varied in (ii) what is the sequence of variation?
6. (a) A parallel plate capacitor has plates of surface area 0.01 m2, which are separated by a
distance of 0.005 m in air. Calculate the capacitance, given that permittivity of air is 8.9x10
12
F/m.
A slab of pyrex glass of dielectric constant 5.6, which just fills the space between the plates,
is slid between them. Determine the change in capacitance.
Let the capacitor with air dielectric be charged to 100 V and disconnected from the charging
source. Now, if the pyrex glass is inserted between the plates, how does the voltage change?
What is the percentage change in the stored energy?
(b) Let Z(s) be an RC impedance, where s=+jw is the complex frequency. Draw sketches of
possible variation of Z() with .
From amongst the four impedance functions given below, pick up the one which qualifies as
RC, and give its Foster I and caner II realizations.
s s 2 s s 1 s 1 s 3 , s 2 s 3 .
, ,
s 1 s 3 s 2 s 3 s s 2 s s 1
7. (a) Consider a linear, centre-fed, dipole antenna of half length l radiating a wave of wavelength
. Sketch the current distribution in the dipole and its radiation pattern for each of the
following cases:
(i) l/ 0.05
(ii) l/ = 0.25
(iii) l/ = 0.5
(iv) l/ = 2/3
(v) 1/ = 3/4
(b) Explain with necessary block diagrams and equations, how the following performance
characteristics of a medium wave AM transmitter can be measured:
(i) percentage modulation (ii) power output.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1987
PAPER - II
SECTION A
1. (a) The h-parameter model of a transistor amplifier connected as a common-emitter amplifier for
low frequency small signal operation is shown in Fig. below:
Derive expressions for voltage gain, current gain, input impedance. Output admittance and
power gain. Find the above quantities for the above circuit. Given: h11 = hi = 100 ohms; h12 =
hx = 2.5 104; h21 hj = 50; h22 = h0 = 25 microamps/volt; Rs = 1000 ohms; ZL=1600 ohms
(resistive).
(b) Discuss qualitatively the various arrangements used for bias stability and their effectiveness
and otherwise.
(c) Develop an expression for the stability factor for a collector to base bias arrangement. Also
explain how the collector to base bias circuit will stabilise the operating point for variations
of .
2. (a) Derive an expression for output voltage for a low-pass R-C filter when an input pulse is
applied. Obtain an express on for rise time in terms of 3-db cut-off-frequency.
(b) If the R-C time constant of a high-pass circuit is made increasingly smaller in comparison to
the duration of the input waveform, is the width of the output pulse increased or decreased?
Give analytical reasons for your answer.
(c) A single pulse shown in Fig. 2(a) is applied to the circuit Fig. 2(b) at t=0. If the initial voltage
on the capacitor C is 20 volts, with polarity shown in Fig. 2(b), evaluate the complete output
response. Make reasonable approximations and state them clearly.
3. (a) Explain the principle of operation of a Forward Switching Regulator and obtain the
expressions for inductance and capacitance used in the regulator. Choose L and C in such a
way that the peak variation of current through L do not exceed 20% of average value of
current through it.
(b) A series dissipative regulator has an output voltage of 30 volts at a rated load current of 10
amps. If the stand-by current be 500 milliamps, calculate the efficiency of the regulator when
the input voltage is (i) 33 volts (ii) 43 volts.
4. (a) Develop the Boolean equations for 2 input and 3 input NOR gates giving suitable symbols
and tables.
(b) Explain De Morgans first theorem using circuits of NOR gate as well as AND gate with
inverted inputs. Give the relevant tables.
Using NAND gate and OR gate with inverted inputs, explain De Morgans second theorem.
(c) Discuss in details, the working of full-adder logic circuit and extend your discussion to
explain a binary adder that can be used to add two binary numbers.
5. (a) State and explain Nyquist stability criterion in feedback control system, taking a specific
example and giving relevant sketches.
(b) Explain Hurwitz stability criterion for determining stability.
The characteristic equation of a fourth order system is
s4+8s3+18s2+16s+5 =0
Find the stability of this system.
(c) Take an R-C filter network and develop a polar plot of its sinusoidal transfer function to show
that it is a semicircle.
SECTION B
6. (a) Explain giving Applegate diagrams, the principle of velocity modulation used in Double-
resonator Klystrons as well as Reflex Klystrons.
(b) Give a complete analysis to obtain the relationship between accelerating and reflector voltage
required for oscillations in a Reflex Klystron, stating clearly the assumptions made Hence
explain how only discrete values 0 reflector voltage can produce oscillations.
(c) Describe clearly, giving relevant sketches, bow Magnetrons can be turned state also the
extent in percentage to which the frequency can be varied.
7. (a) Starting with maxwells field equations and wave equations, develop expressions for the
various electric and magnetic field intensity components for a TE mode of propagation in a
perfectly conducting hollow rectangular waveguide. Assume that the guide has a width a in
be x-direction, and height b in the y-direction, with energy propagating in the z-direction.
(b) Hence obtain expressions for field intensity components for the dominant TE mode and also
expressions for the phase constant, cut-ff frequency, velocity of propagation and guide
wavelength.
8. Write detailed notes, but to the point, on the following:
(a) Magic Tee
(b) Directional couplers along with the mode of propagation
(c) Bolometer Bridge
(d) Metallic lens and the shape of profile of metal strips used in lens for microwave working.
9. (a) Starting with fundamentals develop the radar - range equation, under idealised conditions.
(b) Explain briefly the factors which influence the radar-ran equation specially taking the effect
of noise into consideration. Obtain the modified equation for maximum range taking the
effect of them all noise.
(c) Explain Doppler effect and describe how this effect is used in MTI radar.
10. Discuss any five of the following with detailed but precise motes:
(a) Satellite communication
(b) Shanon-Hartley relationship pertaining to the channel- capacity in communication systems
(c) Type of modelation used for colour TV giving reason
(d) Bridge Duplex Telegraphy
(e) Dial tone and Busy tone circuits used in telephony
(f) Optical fibres and the reasons for its use in tele-communications
(g) Carrier current and its use in telegraph and telephone communications.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1988
PAPER - I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 200
Candidates should attempt Question 1 and any FOUR of the remaining questions
The number of marks carried by each question 1s indicated at the end of the question
1. (a) A linear time-invariant system has the frequency response IH()/ej(). (i) Give the
expression for the group delay of the system. (ii) State whether the phase response of the
system is an even or odd function in (iii) State whether the magnitude response as an even
or odd function in .
6
(b) (i) The EHT (Extra High Tension) of a CRO has decreased significantly from its rated
value, but not to the extent to cause serious defocusing. State whether the y-input
sensitivity of the CRO will be affected and, it affected, state whether it will be
increased or decreased.
(ii) What is the important advantage of a sampling oscilloscope over the conventional
oscilloscope.
(iii) Why is a difference amplifier configuration preferred in the first stage of a d.c.
amplifier?
6
(c) Pieso-electric crystals are used for generating stable sinusoidal oscillations. (i) Give the
equivalent circuit of a crystal including the mounting capacitance. (ii) Sketch magnitude and
phase of the crystal impedance against frequency.
6
(d) The behaviour of the ionospheric layers is usually described by virtual heights and critical
frequencies. Define these two terms.
6
(e) (i) What is a broadside array?
(ii) What is precipitation static?
6
(f) Describe the major (i) advantage and (ii) disadvantage of double stub impedance matching
over single stub matching system.
6
(g) A lossless transmission line with air dielectric is 20 m long. What is the line length in
wavelengths in wavelengths and what is the value of (phase constant) at 10 MHz?
6
(h) Find the equivalent inductance between the terminals a, b, L1, L2 are the self-inductances of
the coils and M is the mutual inductance between the coils.
6
2. (a) The schematic diagram of the tuning capacitor of a radio receiver is shown below. The plates
are separated in air by a distanced. Neglecting the fringe effects at the edges, determine the
maximum capacitance of the tuning capacitor
(b) A sample of germanium is doped to the extent of 1014 donor atom/cm3 and 5 1013 acceptor
atoms/cm3. At 300oK, the resistance of the intrinsic germanium is 60 -cm. If the applied,
electric field is 2 V/cm, find the total conduction current density. Assume = p/n =1/2
(=mobiligy), and ni=2.51013/cm3 at 300K.
38
3. (a) Both emitter and collector junctions of a transistor are reverse biased by about 2 volts.
Assume ICO (reverse saturation current of the collector-base diode) = 6 A, IEO(reverse
saturation current of the emitter base diode)= 2 A, and 0.96 . Find IE and IC (Emitter
N
and collector currents). Note that I ICO N I EO where N and I are, respectively, the
common-base current gain under normal and reverse operations.
(b) The hybrid- model of a transistor is shown below. Find h12 (the open-circuit reverse voltage
gain of a two-poll parameter) of the model at 109 rad/s.
38
4. (a) In the network shown below, the switch is closed at t=0. At t=t0>0, It is found that i(t)=1.0A
and dv(t)/dt=10 V/sec. Find C.
(b) In the network shown below, the initial voltages on C1 and C2 are: v1(0)=2V, v2(0)=1V. At
t=0 the switch is closed. Find i(t), v1(t), v2(t) for t > 0 and the final values of v1(t) and v2(t).
38
5. (a) (i) Find the y-parameters of the 2-port network shown below.
(ii) Then obtain, from these y-parameters, the z-parameters of the network.
(b) The input x(t) and the output(t) of a linear time-invariant system is shown below, find the
transfer function of the system.
38
6. (a) In the circuits shown below, voltage is measured by a voltmeter with sensitivity of 20k/volt
and using the 10-volt range. Find the percentage error in the measurement.
(b) A CRO has a rise time 20 nanoseconds. The rise time of a signal measured by this CRO is 25
nanoseconds. Find the true rise time of the signal.
(c) An oscilloscope test probe is shown below. Assume that the cable capacitance in 90pF. The
input impedance of the CRO is 2M in parallel with 10 pF. What is the attenuation of the
probe, taking account the input impedance of the CRO? Find the value of C for best response.
38
7. (a) A lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance Z0=150 is connected through a
lossless section of length d and characteristic impedance Z1 to a load of 250+j 100 . Find d
(in wavelength) and Z1 which match the load to the 150- line.
(b) A lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance Z0=50 is terminated by ZL. A
VSWR of 3.0 and a voltage minimum at a distance of 0.75 meter from the load were
observed. Find the load, the operating wavelength being one meter.
38
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1988
PAPER - II
Time Allowed. Three Hours Maximum Marks: 200
Candidates should attempt FIVE questions choosing not more
than THREE questions from each Section
The number of marks carried by each question is - indicated at the end of the question
Answers must be written in English
SECTION A
1. (a) A bias circuit for a bipolar transistor is shown in Fig.1. Find an expression for the output
current I2 and indicate its variation with RE. Draw the circuit of a similar current bias circuit
for CMOS.
15
(b) Mention the types of loads that may be used with an n-channel MOS transistor driver. Show
how the quiescent operating point for an a channel depletion load can be found.
10
(c) Draw the equivalent circuit of an n-channel junction FET grounded source amplifier.
Calculate the voltage gain and 3 db cut-off frequency if load resistance=10 k, (trans-
conductance = 1 millimho, Cds=1 pf, Cgd= 0.1 pf, Cgs=1 pf and generator resistance = 1 k.
15
2. (a) List the important applications of operational amplifiers. State the advantages of a differential
amplifier input stage. Develop appropriate relations for comparing the gains obtainable in
matched pan PET and bipolar transistor.
12
(b) Explain with circuit diagram the operation of the following op-amp based circuits: (i) current
to voltage converter, (ii) square wave and triangular wave generator and (iii) sane wave
oscillator.
12
(c) The current voltage relation in a MOSFET may be expressed as:
Id = K[2VGSVT)VDSV2DS], if VDS<(VGSVT)
= K(VGSVT)2 if VDS<(VGSVT)
Given a scheme for multiplying two voltages using the above relation.
6
(d) Given the design of an astable multivibrator using discrete transistors to generate a
symmetrical square wave at a frequency of 5 kKz. How does one realize a monostable
multivibrator using gates?
10
3. (a) Develop the logical expression for a comparator involving two variable A and B.
10
(b) Give the logic diagram of a 8:1 multiplexer. How many logic functions can one realize using
a 4:1 multiplexer?
8
(c) Write down the logic equations of RS and JK F/Fs. Give a realization of RS flip-flop using
MOS gates:
8
(d) Shown how add-Shift multiplication can be made faster by regarding a string of ones as the
difference of two numbers.
8
(e) Minimize the following expressions:
m(0,1,2,3,4,9,10,12, 13, 14,15)
6
4. (a) An MOS shift register stage sis shown in Fig. 2. Draw the waveforms of the voltages at the
circuit nodes for an input 1 or input 0 during a clock cycle.
10
(b) Explain with a schematic diagram the operation of an up-down counter. How does one realize
a programmable counter?
10
(c) Show how maximal length sequences may be generated. What are their uses?
10
(d) Compare the performance of TTL, ECL and CMOS in respect of density, speed and power.
10
5. (a) Draw the root loci for a unity feedback control system with a forward gain G(s) given by
K
i G1 s , or
s s 1
K
i G2 s
s s 1 s 2
Indicate the change in root locus if an equalizer given by
1 0.2s
Ge s
1 0.04s
is placed in cascade with G2(s) Draw the Bode plot for the modified system and comment on
the performance obtainable.
15
(b) Give examples of applications of control systems where the signals encountered are in
sampled form. Obtain the z-transform of the closed loop response corresponding to G1(s)
above for K = 2.
10
(c) Develop the state equation formulation for the system described by
d 2 x t dx t
2x t y t
dt 2 dt
and given the simulation diagram.
10
(d) State how time response may be found from the phase-plane trajectory.
5
SECTION B
6. (a) The modulating signal is a single sinusoid given by m(t)=2 cos (1000 t).
Sketch the corresponding DSB-SC and SSB-SC signals for a carrier frequency of 15 kHz.
Indicate the effect of carrier leakage.
10
(b) Explain the operation of single sideband generator using the phase-shift method. Compute the
ratio of the undesired to desired sideband if tie audo 90o phase shifter has an error of 1 degree
at the measurement frequency.
Give the schematic diagram of a quadrature phase multiplexed transmission.
12
(c) A frequency modulated signal is applied to an ideal delay line. Two outputs are derived by
adding and subtracting the output of the delay line to its input. Plot the variation of the
amplitudes of the outputs with the input frequency.
6
(d) Draw the schematic diagram of a resistive R-2R ladder network for D/A conversion. Discuss
why the resistances must have high precision. Explain the operation of a successive
approximation A/D converter. On what parameters does the quantization noise in PCM
encoder depend?
12
7. (a) Plot the variation of electron arrival time as a function of the departure time in a two cavity
klystron. Hence, sketch the variation of catcher current as a function of time. The value of the
bunching parameter may be assumed to be unity.
8
(b) Derive an expression for the d.c. transit time in a reflex klystron. Discuss how the electronic
admittance would vary with transit angle, and explain how the power output and frequency of
a reflex klystron vary with repeller voltage. What are the methods for amplitude and
frequency modulating the output of a reflex klystron oscillator?
12
(c) The helix of a particular travelling wave tube has 10 turns per mm and a mean diameter of
2.5 mm. Determine approximately the value of the anode voltage that is required.
8
(d) Give the schematic diagram of a multi-cavity magnetron oscillator. Use dimensional analysis
to show that the d.c. voltage V and the axial magnetic filed Bc for cut-off would satisfy the
relation:
where K is a numeric and p is the plate radius.
Briefly discuss the conditions for obtaining high efficiency and high power.
12
8. (a) Sketch the electric and magnetic field distribution inside a coaxial transmission line operating
in TEM mode. Derive an expression for the power density as a function of radius Calculate
the ratio of the outer to inner diameter of a coaxial line filled with a dielectric of relative
dielectric constant of 3 for obtaining a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.
12
(b) Explain the principle of operation of a waveguide hybrid junction. Indicate how a magic T
can be used for impedance measurement.
12
(c) A multihole directional coupler has coupling coefficients of 1, 3, 3, 1. Sketch how the powers
in the desired and undesired directions would vary with frequency.
8
(d) List the factors that determine the directive gain of aperture antennas. State the methods of
illuminating a parabolic antenna.
8
9. (a) Give the block diagram of a typical high power microwave radar, indicating the different
components of the transmitter, receiver, antenna and indicator. A line type pulser is to drive a
magnetron delivering a power of 100 kW. How would one choose the parameters of the line?
15
(b) What is transferred electron effect? Describe the operation of a microwave oscillator and
amplifier using Gunn Effect devices.
10
(c) Draw the d.c. electric field profile in an IMPATT diode. Why are Impatt diodes more
commonly used as microwave oscillator than as amplifiers?
9
(d) List the main applications of varactor diodes. What are the factors that determine the tuning
curve and Q?
6
10. Write notes on any four of the following:
(a) Fibre Optic communication
(b) Local Area Network
(c) Error Connecting Codes
(d) Phase Locked Loops and Their Applications
(e) Microwave Link
(f) Programmable Memory and Logic
(g) Facsimile
(b) Millimeter Waves.
40
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1989
PAPER - I
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum marks : 200
Candidate should attempt question 1 and any four of the remaining question.
1. (a) In the figure shown determine the potential difference between the points P and Q in the
steady state.
(b) You are given a transistor whose terminals are unmarked. State how you will determine if it
is a pnp or npn transistor and identify all three, terminals using only a multi-meter.
8
(c) When d.c. current is passed through an iron cored coil, the energy stored in the magnetic field
is 1000 joules and the copper loss is 2000 W. What is the time constant of the coil?
8
(d) A CRO with a risetime of 15 ns measures the risetime of a signal as 20 ns. What is the actual
risetime?
8
(e) The drain current in milliamperes of the depletion type FET shown is given by
2
V
I D 16 1 GS
4
Find the quiescent current ID.

8
(f) A straight rod of radius a and infinite length carries a direct current I. Find the vector
magnetic potential inside and outside the rod.
8
(g) What are vaructor diodes? Give at least two applications of these devices.
(h) Define gain of a antenna of effective area A. If the frequency of the signal is doubled, what is
the effect on the gain?
8
2. (a) A parallel plate capacitor has length and width 1 m each and plate separation is 10 mm. Find
the energy stored in the capacitor and the force between the plate S if air is filled in the space
between the plates and a p.d. of 10 kV applied.
10
(b) A dielectric slab of relative permittivity 6 is now Inserted part of the way between the plates
of the above capacitor Calculate the force acting on the end of the slab. Does this force act to
push the slab out or to pull it further in?
12
(c) An npn transistor with aN =0.98, ICO=2 a and IEO=1.6 a is used in a common emitter
configuration with VCC = 12 and RC=4k. Find minimum base current required to saturate the
transistor and the voltage across each junction. Neglect VVE (sat).
12
3. (a) In the figure shown after the 1 V source has been connected lot a very long time, the switch is
closed at i=0. Calculate the current in the 3 henry inductor as a function of time.
17
(b) A square wave of amplitude 1 volt and period 2 sec is connected in series with a resistance of
1 ohm and an inductance of 1 henry at t=0 . Find the current in the circuit.
17
4. (a) A 70 line is to be connected to a 150 load by a section of loss free line of phase constant
5 rad/m. Determine shortest length of this section and be value of the characteristic
impedance Z0 so that there is no reflected wave on the 70 line.
17
(b) In the circuit shown, Q1 and Q2 are identical transistors with current gain and Q2 has current
gain . Determine the relation between I2 and Io.
17
5. (a) The figure shows the common emitter small signal equivalent circuit of an amplifier.
Determine the Z parameters for this two-port network. Is the network (i) acusal (ii) passive
(iii) reciprocal?
19
(b) Explain the principle of working of a strain gauge. What is gauge factor? Show how the
strain gauge in be connected in bridges for measurement. A 350 nickel Chrome strain
gauge(gauge factor 2) is working at 1000 micro-strain. What output voltage would be
obtained if two such strain gauges are connected in a half bridge arrangement excited at 10V?
15
6. (a) The voltage shown has a frequency of 1 kHz and is applied to the diode circuit shown.
Determine v0(t). Take diode as ideal.
(b) A step-graded germanium diode has a resistivity of 2 -cm on the p side and 1 -cm on the n
side. Calculate the height of the potential barrier. For germanium p= 1800 cm2/V-s and
n=3800 cm2/V-s and ni=2.51013/cm3 at 300 K. Prove formula used.
7. (a) A CRO has an accelerating anode voltage of 5 kV and length of plates 4 cm. If the maximum
error due to the time taken for the electrons to pass the plates is to be limited to 3%, what is
the maximum frequency of sine waves that can be displayed ?
14
(b) A coaxial gable has an inner conductor of radius r and an outer sheath of inner radius b. A p.d
of V volts is applied at one end between conductor an sheath and a direct current I flows
through the conductor and returns through the sheath Find electric ad magnetic fields in the
space between conductor End sheath end also calculate Poytings vector in the following
cases:
(i) When both inner conductor and sheath are perfect conductors.
(ii) When sheath is a perfect conductor but inner conductor is made of homogeneous
conducting material with resistance R per metre Explain significance of Poytings
vector in either case.
8+12
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1989
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt five questions choosing not more than three questions from each Section.
SECTION A
1. (a) The collector current in a bipolar npn transistor is expressed as
qV
I c I s exp BE 1
kT
where the symbols have their usual significance. Find the value of trans-conductance at a
current of 1 mA at room temperature.
The drain current in a MOSFET may be written as
W V
I DS k . . 2 VGS V VO VDS 1 DS
L VA
if (VGS VT) > VDS.
VT is the threshold voltage. W=gate width, L = gate length and VA is the early voltage. What
are the parameters that, control the threshold voltage? At an operating point where VGS
VT=2V, VDS = 1.0 V and VA=10 V, the drain current is 0.33 mA. Find the trans-conductance
and output conductance.
What will be the current equation if (VGSVr)<VDS?
Compare the input handling capabilities of bipolar and VET devices.
20
(b) Show bow the quiescent operating point of a CMOS inverter may be found graphically.
Sketch the transfer characteristics (output voltage vs. input voltage and IDS vs. input voltage)
of the inverter.
An enhancement mode n channel MOS transistor has its drain connected to the gate. What
will be the current-voltage relation of the device?
(c) Compare the performances of silicon bipolar and GaAs FET transistors as microwave (i) low
noise and (ii) high power amplifiers.
8
2. (a) The schematic diagram of a CMOS differential amplifier consisting of a differential pair
(Qn1, Qn2), a current source and load transistors (Qp1, Qp2), is shown In Fig. 1. Draw the
equivalent circuit and derive an expression for the gain when the switch SW is connected to
position a. Find the value of the low frequency differential gain given
i gm1 gm2 2m A / V
ii gd1 gd 2 0.2m A / V
n channel
iii gm2 gm4 0.5m A / V
p channel
iv gd3 gd 4 0.1m A / V
What will be the change in gain if SW is connected to b?
12
Fig. Schematic diagram of a CMOS OPAMP.

(b) The circuit of an emitter coupled free running multivibrator is shown in Fig. 2. Explain the
operation of the circuit and sketch the waveforms at the emitters and collectors of Q1 and Q2.
How would you control the frequency ?
12
Fig. 2 Circuit diagram of an emitter coupled VCO.
(c) Explain with circuit diagram the operation of a Schmitt trigger circuit. The output of a
Schmitt circuit is applied to an integrator. If the output of the integrator is fed back to the
Schmitt, what waveforms would one obtain?
8
(d) Show how an RLC filter can be realized using OP-AMP..
3. (a) Give the gate level schematic of a full adder and its MOS realization. Show how an array of
full adders may be used to realize a 3 bit 3 bit multiplier. If the propagation delay of a full
adder is TA, what will be the worst case delay in the multiplier? What is a serial parallel
multiplier?
18
(b) Verify if the circuit of Fig. 3 represents a master slave JK F/F. How does one convert a JK
F/F to a T F/F? Give the block schematic of a 4 bit counter.
10
(c) Explain how an algorithm for binary division works.
6
(d) Given four enhancement mode n MOS transistors and one depletion mode a MOS transistors,
demonstrate the realization of as many logic functions as possible.
6
4. (a) Show how a 3-bit decoder may be implemented using ECL. Give as example of emitter
function logic.
8
(b) New 3 bit addresses are generated b computing the following logic functions:
Zn = CRS (Yn).
Wn = Zn B,
and Yn+1 =Wn XOR C,
where CRS signifies circular right shift. Assuming that Y0=(0 0 1), C=(0 0 1), compute new
addresses for the cases (i) B=(1 1 0) and (ii) B=(1 1 1).
12
(c) The following functions are to be realized using counters, accumulators. ALU and Muxes as
principal components:
(i) (A+S) mod 7
(ii) IF X=0, THEN Qn+1 = Qn+1
ELSE Qn+1 = Qn
(iii) IF X=0, THEN Qn+1 = Qn+l
ELSE Qn+1 = F(Qn)
Give the circuit schematics for each case.
15
(d) Explain how the circuit of Fig. 4 enables READ and WRITE into Two bases.
5. (a) Describe the electrical and thermal characteristics of a thyristor. Explain the operation of a
three-phase inverter using thyristors.
(b) Write a note on stepper motors. How are they controlled?
8
(c) A system has an open-loop transfer function given by
K
G s
s s
s 1 1
10 10
Find the maximum value of K for which the system is stable under unity feedback conditions.
Compute the velocity error co-efficient and phase margin at K = 10. Give the design of an
equalizer to provide a velocity error coefficient of 100 and an adequate phase margin. Draw
the Bode diagram of the system designed.
18
(d) List the non-linearities commonly encountered in control systems. Use the describing
function method to find the equivalent linear gain of an ideal relay.
6
SECTION B
6. (a) Draw the circuit of a 3-bit parallel comparator analog to digital converter. Compare the
speed. accuracy, and hardware requirement of flash ADC, successive approximation ADC
and a delta-sigma coder.
12
(b) Discuss the operation of a multiplexing system suitable for a set of 1000 audio channels of 5
kHz bandwidth each and three TV channels of 4 MHz bandwidth each for transmission over
a microwave network at 4 GHz.
8
(c) What are the modulation methods commonly employed in optical fibre communication
network? Give reasons for their choice. A fibre optic system operating at a wavelength of 1.3
m has the following system parameters:
Transmitter power = 3 dbm, Receiver sensitivity= 36 dbm, Connector loss = 2 db, Fibre
loss=0.5 db/km, System margin=10 db.
Calculate the maximum link length. Draw the circuit or a trans-impedance amplifier.
14
(b) What Is a matched fitter? The symbols transmitted over a channel are : 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1.
What is the impulse response of the matched filter?
6
7. (a) Display the signalling waveforms of binary PSK, ASK, DPSK and FSK. Compare the error
probability performance of the above keying systems. How would an system behave in the
presence of fading? How does one combat fading?
12
(b) Use the identity
x7 +1 = (x3+x+1)(x3+x2+1)(x+1) mod 2 to implement a shift register network for a (7, 3)
code. How would you detect an error ?
8
(c) Describe the operation of a modulator and demodulator for FM that may be used for both
analog and. keyed systems. Write a note on SNR improvement and threshold behaviour in
FM.
12
(d) A pulsed sinusoid of duration T sec at an-angular frequency of 0 is applied to an ideal band-
pass filter tunned to 1. Show how the envelope of the output of the filter would vary with
time if
(i) 0 = 1,

(ii) 0 = 1 + and
T
2
(iii) 0 = 1 .
T
8
8. (a) Derive the expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients for a uniform plane
wave incident on the boundary surface between two dielectric media.
8
(b) Discuss how the effective dielectric constant of an ionized medium would vary with the
frequency of the Incident signal.
8
(c) A transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 ohms is terminated by an impedance of
100 ohms. Find the value of the standing wave, ratio and the distance where the input
conductance is 20 milli mho. Express the distance as a fraction of wavelength.
8
(d) A rectangular waveguide has cross-sectional dimensions of 3 cm 1.5 cm. Calculate the
wavelength corresponding to the first mode (TE10) of an air-filled metal guide. Sketch the
field distribution for the dominant mode.
8
(e) Write a note on microwave filters using transmission line component.
8
9. (a) Describe briefly with block schematic diagrams the operation of a colour TV transmission
system. State the distinctive features of a TV receiving antenna.
12
(b) Derive the radar range equation.. Discuss the considerations for selecting
(i) the frequency of operation
(ii) antenna pattern and
(iii) scanning methods for ground and airborne radars.
12
(c) Give the block schematic diagram of a low power (<50 W) radar at 6 GHz using solid state
active components.
8
(d) Explain how delay lines may be used to provide
(i) pulse to pulse video integration and
(ii) background cancellation.
8
10. Write short notes on any four of the following:
40
(a) Digital Television.
(b) Computer Communication.
(c) Magnetic Memories.
(d) Ferrite Microwave Devices.
(e) Biomedical Electronics.
(f) Time and Frequency Standard.
(g) Satellite Communication.
(h) Digital Signal Processing
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1990
PAPER - I
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 200
Candidates should attempt question 1 which is compulsory and any FOUR of the remaining questions
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated a the end of the question
1. (a) A rectangular wire meals of infinite extend in a plane has 1 A of current fed into it at a point
A, as Shown below, and 1 A taken from it at point C. Find the current in the wire AC.
8
(b) A conductor is charged by repeated contacts with a metal plate which, after each contact, is
recharged to a quantity of charge Q. If q is the charge of the conductor after the first
operation, what is the ultimate charge on the conductor?
8
(c) Given two iron bars, identical in appearance, one magnetized, the other not. State how to
distinguish them without using external magnetic fields. You are allowed to measure forces.
8
(d) A flywheel of radius R, with charge Q uniformly distributed along its rim, rotates with
angular velocity to . What is the rate which energy is radiated by the system?
8
o
(e) The intrinsic resistivity of germanium at 300 K is 47 ohm-cm. What is its intrinsic earner
concentration? Also calculate the drift velocity of holes and of electrons for an electric field E
= 100 V/cm. Given : n = 0 = 3.9 m2/V sec and p = 0.19 m2V sec. (Electronic chare e = 1.6
1019 C)
8
(f) The edges or a cube consist of equal resistors of resistance R, which are jointed at the
corners. Let a battery be connected to two opposite corners of a face of the cube. What is the
effective resistance?
8
(g) A short current filament is /10 In length. Calculate the numerical value of its radiation
resistance.
8
(h) A 300-ohm transmission line is to feed 72-ohm antenna at 100 Mc. Design a suitable
matching section for the transmission line to look into a 300-ohm load.
8
2. (a) In a full-wave rectifier the value of load resistance is 5000. Each diode has idealized
characteristics having slope corresponding to a resistance of 800. Voltage applied to each
diode has amplitude of 300 V and frequency equal to 50 Hz. Calculate (i) peak, average and
r.m.s. values of current, (ii) d.c. power output and total power input, (iii) rectifier efficiency,
(iv) form factor, and (v) ripple factor.
17
(b) A transistor in mid-frequency range is represented as shown below. Determine its h-
parameters.
3. (a) The potential (x), satisfies Poissons equation in the barrier region of p-n junction diode
with a Schottky barrier. Take the positive x-direction from the p-region to the n-region
through the junction x = 0 at the p-side of the transition region and x =d on the n-side.
Assume reasonable boundary conditions and calculate the width d, of the transition region, in
terms of the donor and acceptor densities the dielectric coefficient , the diffusion potential
Vd the applied potential V, and the electronic charge e. Show also that the capacitance per
unit area of the junction is /d.
17
(b) A sample of germanium shows no Hall effect. If the mobility of electrons in germanium is
3500 cm2/V sec and that of the holes is 1400 cm2/V sec, what fraction of the current in the
sample is carried by electrons? Prove formula used.
17
4. (a) Calculate the readings of ammeter A and voltmeter V in the circuit shown below. The
voltmeter is assumed to have infinite resistance and the ammeter zero resistance.
17
(b) A thin dielectric rod of cross-section A extends along the x-axis from x = 0 to x = L The
polarization of the rod is along its length, and is given by P1 = ax2 + b. Find the volume
density of polarization charge and the surface polarization charge on each end. Show
explicitly that the total bound charge vanishes in this case.
17
5. (a) Define a transducer. Give three examples of transducers involving different principles of
action. A strain gauge has a gain factor of 4. If this strain gauge is attached to a metal bar that
stretches from 25 cm to 25.2 cm, calculate the percentage change in its resistance. If the
unstrained value of resistance is 120, what would be its value after strait, is applied?
17
(b) Electrons emitted from a surface A. as shown below, are accelerated toward surface C which
is maintained at a potential of +V volts. The separation of the plates is d metre. Show that the
value of the flux density B at which current will cease to flow to plate C is given by
1/2
B 2mV / ed 2
where m and e are electronic mass and charge respectively.

17
6. (a) Design a constant K low pass T and -section filters to be terminated in 600, having cut-off
frequency 3kHz. Also determine (i) the frequency at which the filters offer attenuation of
17.372 dB and (ii) the characteristic impedance and phase constant at 2kHz.
17
(b) The switch S, as shown below, remains open for a long time before it is closed at t = t0 for
50 sec. It is then opened. Calculate the output voltage e0 at t=t0 and at t = 50 sec.
17
7. (a) A lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 is terminated at one end in a

short-circuit and at the other end in a resistive, impedance of 85 as shown below. The
impedance measured at the junction AA is found to be 75 resistive, at a frequency of 44
MHz. Calculate the phase velocity in the transmission line.
17
(b) A parallel plate capacitor consists of two metal plates of area A and separation d. A slab of
thickness t, and dielectric constant is inserted between the plates with its faces parallel to
the plates and having the same surface area as that of the plates. Find the capacitance of the
system. If = 2, for what value of lid will the capacitance of the system be 3/2 Limes that of
the air-capacitor alone? If the charge Q in the capacitor remains unchanged, calculate the
energy in the two cases and account for the change in energy.
17
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1990
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt any FIVE Questions choosing at least
TWO from each section
The number of marks Lamed by each question is indicated at the end of the question.
SECTION A
1. (a) Find the transistor currents in the circuit of Fig. 1 (a). A silicon transistor with =100 and
I=20 nA is under consideration.
Repeat part a if a 2 K emitter resistor is added to the circuit as shown in Fig.(b).

Sketch the small signal high frequency circuit of a common source amplifier. Also, derive the
expression for voltage gain
10
(b) Show that the trans-conductance gm of a JFET is related to the drain current IDS by
g m 2 I DSS I DS
VP
where the symbols have their usual meaning. If VP = 4V and IDSS = 4 mA plot gm Versus IDS
For a p-channel silicon FET with a = 2 104 cm and channel resistivity = 10 -cm
(i) find the pinch-off voltage:
(ii) repeat (i) for a p-channel Ge FET with = 2 -cm.
10
(c) Draw a CMOS inverter showing positive logic. Draw a MOSFET circuit satisfying the logic
equation Y A BC where Y is the output corresponding to the three inputs A, B and C.
10
(d) If an input signal V1 is impressed- between gate and ground, find the amplification A0 = V0
/VL Apply Millers theorem to the 50 K resistor. The PET parameters are = 30 and rd = 5 K
Neglect capacitances.
10
2. (a) How is a FET used as a VVR (voltage variable resistance)? Explain.

10
(b) Draw the circuit of the emitter coupled Astable Multivibrator and explain its operation.
10
(c) Draw the circuit of a Schmitt trigger (regenerative comparator) and explain its creation.
Sketch its transfer characteristics and response to an arbitrary signal.
10
(d) Explain with Circuit Schematic the operation of a 4-bit magnitude comparator. Show how
one may sort an array of binary numbers.
10
3. (a) Discuss in detail, the working of full-adder logic circuit and extend your discussion to explain
a binary adder, which can be used to add two binary numbers.
10
(b) Draw the circuit diagram of a Master-slave J-K flip-flop using NAND gates. What is race-
around condition? How is it eliminated in Master-slave J-K flip-flop?
10
(c) Design a modulo 9 asynchronous counter using Master-slave J-K flip-flop?
10
(d) Draw the circuit diagram of .a bipolar or MOS difference amplifier. Derive an expression far
the voltage gain of the amplifier. What is a current mirror?
10
4. (a) Develop the truth table for the decoder.
8
(b) Explain the working of a R-2R DAC and show how R-2R DAC canverts the binary word
1000100 to an analog output. Find the magnitude of the output, given Vmf = 5.0 V.
12
(c) Assume that a floppy disk measures 3.5 inches in diameter and that 50 per cent of its surface
area is usable for data storage. If individual cells require a surface area of 2 square units, what
maximum number of eight-bit bytes can be stored on the disk? 10
(d) Give the -logic diagram of a 4-bit bidirectional universal shift register. Show how reset, shift
left, shift right and parallel load operations may he carried out.
10
5. (a) A feedback control system is having a
k s 40
G s
s s 10
and the feedback transfer function is
1
H s
s 20
Determine the limiting values of k for stable system. If the gain is reduced to 50 per cent of
previous value, calculate the phase margin and gain margin.
20
(b) What are the different method of controlling the speed of a DC motor? Describe one method
using SCRs and AC power supply.
12
(c) List the steps in drawing root locus.
8
SECTION B
6. (a) Explain the process of Drift space bunching and Reflector bunching using Applegate
diagrams.
10
(b) Derive an expression for the electronic-tuning range in a Reflex Klystron Oscillator in terms
of the Q of the cavity and the small variation in transit angle by varying the Reflector
Voltage.
15
(c) In an experiment for the measurement of Reflex Klystron mode characteristics, the following
data is obtained:
V0 = 300 volts (Beam voltage); VR1 = 143 volts:
VR2 = 105 volts: VR3 = 65 volts.
The frequency of operations at the three reflector voltages given above was the same.
Evaluate the actual operating mode numbers N1, N2 and N3.
15
7. (a) Describe the different tones used in an automatic telephone exchange.
10
(b) Design a cylindrical cavity resonator for use it a parametric amplifier to have the following
specifications:
10
Resonant Frequency GHz Mode of Operation Umm
2.80 TE011 3.832 = u01
9.40 TE114 1.841 = u11
(c) A lossless transmission line of Zp = 50 ohms is terminated by a load Z3 = 100 + j 100. Using
Smiths change, design a single stub matching arrangement to match the load to the
Generator and the line. Calculate the position of the short circuited stub and the length of the
stub for matching.
(d) Show the trunking diagram of a 5 digit automatic exchange using stronger system and explain
the terms Full availability and Grade of Service.
10
8. (a) Explain the operation of a typical TV Camera using a Vidicon tube.
10
(b) Explain how the sound and picture signals ate separated from the Composite Video Signal in
the TV receiver. Give the details of the frequencies used in this connection.
10
(c) Explain the principle and working of a GUNN oscillator.
10
(d) An MT1 Radar operates at 10 GHz with PRF of 3000 PPS. Calculate the lowest three blind
speeds of this radar.
10
9. (a) Explain with a neat schematic the working of a DPCM system. Compare the advantages and
the disadvantages of DPCM with that of PCM.
10
(b) State and explain Hartley-Shannon Theorem. Calculate the, amount of information needed to
open a lock whose combination consists of three numbers each ranging from 00 to 90.
10
(c) Give the. schematic of a Magic-T used in microwave measurements and explain its working.
Mention its uses.
10
(d) Write a note on microwave solid state devices for (i) low noise amplification and (ii) high
power amplification.
10
10. Write short notes on any four:
104
(a) Phase Locked Loop and its application
(b) Decca and Navigational aids (c) Magnetrons
(d) Satellite Communication (e) A/D and D/A Converters
(f) Microwave Antennas (g) FDMA and TDMA.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1991
PAPER - I
Candidates should attempt Question 1 which is compulsory
and any FOUR of the remaining questions.
Assume suitable data, if necessary.
1. (a) A charge Q is distributed over two concentric hollow spheres of radii r and R (>r) such that
their surface densities are equal: Find the potential at the common centre.
8
(b) The periphery of copper disc 50 cm in radius and 103mm in thickness is maintained at a
potential of 50 V. A thin rod 1 cm in radius is soldered to the disc at its centre (at right angles
to the plane of the disc) and maintained at a potential of 49V. If the resistivity of copper is 1.7
108 -m. calculate the current through the disc.
8
(c) In the circuit shown in Fig. 1 (c). a voltmeter reads 30V when it is connected across 400
resistor. Calculate what the same voltmeter will read when it is connected across the 300
resistor.
(d) The electric field strength produced at a distance x m in a direction from an antenna is 15m
V/m and at the same lime its value in the opposite direction is 2m V/m. Calculate the front-
to-back ratio of antenna in d B.
8
(e) A coaxial cable whose dielectric loss is negligible has an attenuation of 2d B/m at a
frequency of 0.5 MHz. Calculate the frequency at which 6m length of the cable will suffer a
loss of 50 dB.
8
(f) A transistor exhibits a change of 0.99 mA in its collector current for a change of 1.0 mA in its
emitter current. Calculate its common-base and common-emitter short-circuit current gains.
8
(g) Electrons are excited across the forbidden energy gap E0 in germanium by photons. Calculate
the maximum wavelength for a photon which will produce electron-hole pairs in germanium,
if E0= 0.71 eV.
8
(Electronic charge e=1.6 1019C; Plancks constant h= 6.625 1034 joule-see; Velocity of
light = 3 108 m/sec.)
(h) An inductive coil has a resistance of 300 and an inductance of 2 H when measured at very
low frequency. The distributed capacitance is 250 F. Find the percentage change in effective
inductance when the coil is operated at a frequency of 2 kHz.
8
2. (a) A 3 F capacitor is charged to a potential of 300 V and a 2F capacitor is charged to a
potential of 200V. If these two capacitors are connected in parallel, plates of same polarity
being connected together, what is the value of their common, potential? If the plates of
opposite polarity are joined together after the two capacitors are charged, what amount of
charge will flow, and from which capacitor does it come?
17
(b) With the help of a suitable diagram showing the relative orientations of magnetic induction,
current densities and electric fields in a semi-conducting specimen derive an expression for
the Hall constant, the Hall angle and the Hall mobility. How would you measure these
quantities experimentally?
17
3. (a) By drawing a suitable diagram, explain the operation of a full-wave (centre-lapped) rectifier
circuit. A centre-tapped transformer used in a full-wave rectifier circuit has a 250 V primary
winding and a 9-0-9 V Secondary winding. The load resistance is 150. Calculate the d.c.
output voltage, d.c. load current and the peak inverse voltage rating required for tile diodes, if
they are assumed ideal.
17
(b) An R-C driving point impedance function is expressed as
Z RC s
S 2
S 1 S 3
Realize its first and second Cauer forms.
4. (a) In the circuit shown in Fig: 4(a), the switch S is open for a certain time and is then closed at
t=0.. The voltages across C1 and C2 are 0V and 10V respectively at the time of switching.
Find the current i2 in resister R2 and the voltage v2 across the capacitor C2 for t0.
17
(b) Consider the mid-band equivalent circuit of a common-emitter transistor amplifier as shown
in Fig. 4 (b). Transistor h-parameters are : hie =1500, hre=103, hfe=100, hoe=50106 mho.
Find the mid-band current gain where is2 is the signal current in the 5k resistor.
17
5. (a) A long cylindrical conductor of radius a, bearing the charge per unit length, is immersed in
a dielectric medium of constant permittivity . Find the electric field at distance r > a from the
axis of the cylinder.
17
(b) Explain the terms radiation-resistance and antenna-efficiency. A low frequency
transmitting antenna has a radiation resistance of 0.2 and a loss resistance of 1. If the
current fed into the antenna is 50A. Calculate the radiated power, the power input and the
antenna efficiency.
17
6. (a) Define attenuation coefficient and phase coefficient in the context of a transmission line.
A correctly terminated transmission line has Z0=600, <=1 dB/m, and = 15o/m. The tine is
6 m long. A 600 source of e.m.f. 2.4 V is applied to the input terminals of the line. And the
magnitude of the received current at the output terminals and its phase relative to the input
voltage.
17
(b) In an inductive transducer as shown in Fig. 6(b).the coil has an inductance of 1500H when
the target made of ferromagnetic material is 1 mm away from the core. Calculate the value of
inductance when a displacement of 0.1 mm is applied to target in a direction moving it
towards the core. Show that die change in inductance is linearly proportional to the
displacement. Neglect the reluctance of the iron parts.
17
7. (a ) The coil of a 250 V moving iron voltmeter has a resistance of 600 and an inductance of
0.9H. The instrument reads correctly at 50 Hz a.c. supply and takes a current of 150 mA at us
full scale deflection. What is the percentage error in the instrument reading when it is
connected to 200V d.c. supply?
17
(b) Explain the working of a p-n junction diode. In an abrupt p-n junction silicon diode, the
conductivities of p-type and ntype silicon p = 100(-cm)1 and n = 1 (-cm)1. The
intrinsic carrier concentration for silicon is 1.5 1010 cm3 . Calculate the value of potential
barrier for the unbiased diode a 300o K. For silicon, p=500 cm2 /V-sec and 0 = 1300 cm2/V-
sec.
(Electronic charge e = 1 .6 1019 C; Boltzmanns constant k = 1.38 1023 JK1)
17
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1991
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt any FIVE Questions choosing no
more than THREE questions from each Section.
Assume any data. if required.
SECTION A
1. (a) For the circuit (Fig. 1) given below, ICBO = 10A, hFE=100. Estimate IC and VO. Also derive a
relation for us stability factor S = IC / ICBO .
10
(b) Using reasonable approximations for the circuit given (see Fig. 2) at the specified operating
conditions, determine
(i) R2 for correct bias
(ii) C1 for corner frequency =10 rad/se
(iii) output transformer inductance L1 for a corner frequency L=200 radians/sec.
Assume that the d.c. resistance of the transformer secondary is 10% of the load resistance..
Assume an appropriate turns ratio.
10
At Ic = 10 mA
= 380, re=11
rb = 700 , rd = 5250
(c) For the circuit given (see Fig. 3) of UJT, it is given that lowest range of effective voltage VEE
across C1 is V1
Where
V1=2.5 V Iv = 1 m
Vv=2V IPeak = 4A
=0.6
(i) Determine whether the circuit will function as relaxation oscillator or not. What are
the limits of R? (ii) Find Vp and VEE (iii) Find the UJT, OFF and ON periods (FV)
find its duty cycle. Also give waveforms across capacitors and its output.
10
(d) Design an inverting, Schmitt circuit using a 741 operational amplifier. It has upper triggering
point UTP of 3V. Take load resistance RL as 10k and a supply voltage of 15 V. For 741,
input bias current is 500 nA=IB(max). Assume current in output circuit as 100 times of IB(max).
Also calculate the actual UTP and LTP when resistors with standard values are used.
10
2. (a) Design a junction FET amplifier (see Fag 4) to operate from 12V supply with a gain of a least
5 Bias at VDQ=8 V, IDQ = 0.25 mA, YGSQ= 0.6V. Estimate RD, RS, gm and voltage gain A
Choose RG= 1 M, C1=C2=0.1 F. Estimate CS work satisfactorily for 1=1000 Hz.
2N 3438
VGS(OFF) = Vp = 2 V
IDSS = 0.5 mA
BVGSS = 50 V
IG(OFF)max = 0.5 mA
Also prove
2 I DSS VGS
gm 1
VP VP
10
(b) Analyse the operation of 5 V supply given (see Fig. 5) operating at a load current (i) 200 mA
(ii) 400 mA. From the specifications of 7805, an input of 7.3 V is allowable to maintain line
regulation V, is ripple voltage. Given
Vr Peak 3. 2.4 I de / C 3Vr runs
Fig. 5
Also determine the maximum value of load current at which regulation is maintained.
10
(c) Design an IC 555 astable multivibrator to give a pulse output with pulse repetition frequency
(PRF) of 2 kHz and duty cycle = 66%. Use VCC = 18 V. Assume IC(min) > threshold is equal to 1
mA. Also analyze the circuit to determine PRF and duty cycle.
10
(d) Explain the procedure for deciding bias conditions of n-channel depletion MOSFET
amplifier: Give the complete Circuit of amplifier.
10
3. (a) For a 12-bit A/D converter if the normalized range is 1 and the clock repetition frequency is
500 kHz. (i) find the normalized resolution and dB range (ii) it a counter type A/D converter
is used then calculate maximum conversion time, average conversion time and maximum
conversion rate.
10
(b) Design a combinational circuit that converts a decimal digit from the 8, 4, 2,1 code to BCD.
10
(c) Implement the tour Boolean functions listed using three half-adder circuits.
D A B C
E ABC ABC
F ABC A B C
G ABC
10
(d) Implement a full-adder circuit with multiplexers.
10
Or
(e) A combinational circuit is defined by the functions:
F1(A, B, C) = (3, 5, 6, 7)
F2(A, B, C) = (0, 2, 4, 7)
Implement the circuit with a PLA having three inputs, four product terms and two outputs.
10
4. (a) Design a three-stage synchronous counter to repeat the number sequence: 0,1,3,2,6,7,5,4 in
binary using J and K flip-flops and Karnaugh maps. Start by drawing out a state table and key
map for the counter.
15
(b) Design a three-bit binary counter using three T hip-flops. giving its excitation table. Also
realize the circuit.
15
(c) Design a serial adder using shift registers, which will add two 4 bit numbers, storing the
result in one of the original data registers.
10
5. (a) Design a clocked sequential circuit whose state diagram is given below, using J-K flip-flops.
Use excitation table and give its logic diagram.
15
(b) Design a Mod-5 counter using J-K flip-flops. Give Karnaugh maps and the counter circuit
Also give Mod5 counter waveforms.
15
(c) Draw the logic diagram (showing all gates) of a master slave D flipflop. Also obtain a logic
diagram of a master slave J-K flip-flop with AND and NOR gates. Include a provision for
seizing and clearing the flip-flop asynchronously (without clock).
10
SECTION B
6. (a) Find the S-parameters for a waveguide component if the measured VSWR=1.3 when the
component is terminated with a matched load. It is also found that the power to the matched
load is 60 mW for an input power of 100 mW. The same results are obtained when the
component is reversed.
5
(b) The scattering matrix for a two-port is
0 j 30o
0.8e
s o
0.8e j 30 0

What shift in port positions is required to make S12 and S21 real?
(c) The input power to the E-plane arm of a magic T is 250mW. Find the output powers from the
other anus. Consider the magic T to be ideal and matched at all ports.
10
(d) Find the scattering coefficients for an ideal directional coupler having a coupling coefficients
C=3 dB.
10
(e) The specifications of a three-port circulator are given as insertion loss = 1 dB, isolation 25 dB
and VSWR = 1.4. Characterize the isolator by its S-parameters.
10
7. (a) The terminating impedance Z1=(100+j100) ohms and the characteristic impedance Zo of. the
line and stub is 50 ohms. The first stub is placed at 0.40 away from the load. The spacing
between the two stubs is 3/8. Determine the length of short-circuited stubs when the match
is achieved. What terminations are forbidden for matching the line by the double stub device?
(Use Smith Chart.) Why is double stub matching preferred over single stub matching?
15
(b) A two-capvity Klystron Amplifier has the following parameters, V0 = 1000 volts, Io = 25 mA,
f = 3 GHz
Gap spacing in the either cavity = d = 1 mm.
Spacing between the two cavities L = 4 cm.
Effective shunt impedance Rsh = 30 k.
(i) Find the input gap voltage to give maximum voltage Vg.
(ii) Find the voltage gain.
(iii) Find the efficiency of the amplifier.
Also derive the formula of efficiency used.
15
(c) An IMPAT diode has the following parameters:
Carrier drift velocity Va = 2 107 cm/sec
Drift region length L=6 m
Maximum operating voltage V0 max = 100V
Maximum operating current Lo max = 200 mA
Efficiency = 15%
Breakdown voltage Vbd = 90 Volts
Compute- -
(i) the maximum CW output power in watts;
(ii) the resonant frequency in GHz.
10
8. (a) Compare the PPM and PDM digital systems considering signal to noise ratios. Obtain the
derivations of justify your comments.
10
(b) (i) For a continuous transmitting source having an ideal receiver with no information loss
in it and the information rates at the input and output to be identical, show that
BT /W
S Z

N D BT / W
PT
where Z
W
and Noise power N = BT
(ii) An ideal system has BT/W=4 and (S/N)D = 40 dB. What is the new value of (S/N)D,.
if BT tripled while other parameters are fixed?
10
(c) A source is transmitting SIX messages with probabilities 0.30, 0.25,0.15,0,12,0,10 and 0.8
respectively.
(i) Find the binary Huffman code..
(ii) Determine its average word length, efficiency and redundancy.
10
(d) A signal band limited within 3.6 kHz is to be transmitted via binary PCM on a channel whose
maximum pulse rate is 40,000 pulses. sec. Design the PCM system and draw a block diagram
showing all parameters.
10
9. (a) The open loop transfer junction of a unity feedback control system is given by
G(S)=K/S(1+0.1S)(1+S)
(i) Determine the value of K so that the resonance peak MI of the system is equal to 1.4.
(ii) Determine the value of K so that the Gain margin of the system is 20 dB.
(iii) Determine the value of K so that the phase margin of the system is 60 degrees.
10
(b) A unity feedback system is characterized by the transfer function
K
G S
S S 3 S 9
Design a suitable compensator to meet the following specifications:
10
(i) Settling time for 2% tolerance, band = 4 sec
(ii) Steady state error for ramp input 10%
(c) Explain processing of video output of camera tube in TV receivers (Black and White).
10
(d) Explain PAL system colour television. Draw and explain block diagrams of PAL encoder and
decoder.
10
10. Write short notes on any four of the following:
40
(a) Frequency shift keying system,
(b) Delta modulation.
(c) Colour Television.
(d) MTI Radar.
(e) Digital Microwave Communication. Systems,
(f) Rad Navigational Aids,
(g) Digital Control System with at least one application.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1992
PAPER - I
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks: 200
Assume suitable data, if necessary. but indicate them clearly.
1. (a) An eccentric hole of radius a is bored parallel to the axis of a right circular cylinder of radius
b(b>a) as shown in the figure below. The two axes arc at a distance d apart. A current of l
amperes flows in the cylinder. What is the magnetic field at the Centre of the hole?
8
(b) Calculate the steady state current in the 2-resistor shown in the figure below. The internal
resistance of the battery is negligible and the value of capacitor C is 0.2 F.
8
(c) A small sphere of polarizability and radius a is placed at a distance (r>>a) from a
conducting sphere of radius b, which is maintained at a potential V. Find an expression for
the force on the dielectric sphere.
8
(d) An infinite number of charges each equal to q are placed along the x-axis at x=1, x=2, x=4,
x=8, .. and so on. Find the potential and electric field at the point x=0 due to this set of
charges.
8
(e) An a-c supply of 230 V is applied to a half-wave rectifier circuit through a transformer
having primary to secondary turns ration 10:1. Find
(i) the d-c output voltage and
(ii) the peak inverse voltage. Assume the diode to be ideal.
(f) The, radial component of the radiated power density of an infinitesimal linear dipole of
length l(<<) is given by
Wr = A0 sin2 0/ r2 watts/m2
where A0 is the peak value of the power density: r and are the usual spherical coordinates.
Determine the directivity of the antenna.
8
(g) An electron moves in a magnetic field. Apply the quantum condition to the circular path and
find the radii and energy levels.
8
(h) A lossless transmission line with air dielectric is 12m long. What is the linr length in
wavelengths and what is the value of (phase constant) at 15MHz?
8
2. (a) State the relative merits of bipolar and field effect transistors. A field effect transistor is used
as a simple common source amplifier. The gain of the amplifier is found to be 60 and 45 with
load resistances of 20k and 60k respectively. Determine the drain resistance and trans-
conductance of the transistor.
17
(b) In the Circuit shown in the figure below, the capacitor and inductor do not have initial stored
energy. On closing the switch at t = 0, it is found that i(0) = 15 mA and that Vab (t) = 0 for all
t0. Evaluate R and L.
17
5. (a) A line of characteristic impedance 600 / O is terminated in a load ZL. The VSWR
measured on the line is 1.5 and the first maximum occurs at a distance of 20 cms from the
load. The line is open wire and is supplied from a generator at 300 MHz. Find the value of
the load impedance .
17
(b) A small loop antenna is operated as a mobile antenna by a horn at a frequency f= 7.2 MHz.
The loop is 45 cm in diameter and is constructed from copper tubing of 0.5 cm radius.
Determine the theoretical efficiency of the antenna. For copper, conductivity per unit length
Cu 5.81071m1 and skin depth cu = 0.066/ f.
17

6. (a) A dielectric cube of side L has a radial polarization given by P Ar , where A is a constant

and r ix jy kz
The origin of coordinates is at the centre of the cube. Find all the bound
charge densities, and show explicitly that the total bound charge vanishes.
17
(b) The resistance of the pressure coil branch of the wattmeter II in the circuit of the figure below
is Rp. In position 2 of the switch, an inductive reactance of Rp ohms is connected in series
with the pressure coil branch. If the readings of the wattmeter in switch positions 1 and 2 arc
W1 and W2 respectively, determine the reactive power taken by the load in terms of W1 and
W2. Neglect current coil impedance and pressure coil reactance.
17
7. (a) A television transmitting antenna mounted at a height of 120m, radiates 15 kW of power

equally in all directions in azimuth at a frequency of 30 MHz. Calculate
(i) Maximum line-of-sight range
(ii) the field strength at a receiving antenna mounted at a height of 16m at a distance of
12km, and
(ii) the distance at which the field strength reduces to 1m V/m.
17
(b) A 1F-capacitor contains TiO2 as a dielectric of relative permittivity 1 = 100. For an applied
d-c voltage of 100 V. Find
(i) energy stored in the capacitor and
(ii) the energy dissipated in polarizing TiO2.
17
Some useful constants:
Velocity of light, c = 3 108 m/s
Electronic charge c = 1.6 1019 coulombs.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1992
PAPER - II
and FOUR more questions taking TWO) each from
Section A and Section B.
Answers must be written in English. Assume any data if required.
(Question No. 1 is compulsory)

1. (a) Give the circuit of a two level clipper with clipping levels at 3V and 5V. Draw the output
waveform when the input is sinusoidal of 5V rms value. Assume the devices to be ideal.
6
(b) The leakage currents of a transistor, with usual notations, are ICEO = 410 A and ICBO = 5A,
the base current IB being 30 A. Calculate the collector current.
6
(c) A varactor diode has a depletion capacitance C given by C=10 (1-0.7V) pF when V is the
bias voltage on the diode (in volts). The diode is placed in parallel with a 0.75 H inductor
which forms a part of the frequency modulator. Find die required bias voltage so that the
inductor-diode combination resonates at 100 MHz.
6
(d) Using two-input NAND gates only, realise the binary logic function A BC .
6
(e) Draw a fully labelled block diagram of a super-heterodyne receiver for broadcast frequencies.
How is the band changed?
6
(f) Draw the asymptotic Bode plod (amplitude ratio only) for the system shown below. Use only
plain paper and mark the important values on the plot.
(g) A modulating signal x(t) with its Fourier transform x(f) modulates a sinusoidal carrier of
frequency fC. Write (do NOT derive) the expressions for full AM. DSB-SC and SSB signals
and their spectra.
6
(h) A 30m diameter earth station antenna of circular aperture is used to receive satellite signals in
the 4 GHz band. The system noise figure is 1 dB. Calculate the G/T of the earth station.
Express the answer in dBK1.
6
(i) Describe a multihole directional coupler of waveguide type. Explain the principle. Give the
advantages of a multihole directional coupler over a two-hole directional coupler.
6
2
(j) Treating the signal 10 sin2 100 t cos 2 300 t volt (with t in sec) to be a. low pass signal,
Calculate the Nyquist sampling rate for this signal.
6
SECTION A
(Attempt any two questions)
2. (a) Analyse the effect of the emitter by pass capacitor on the low frequency response of an R-C
coupled amplifier State the assumptions you make. Use hybrid parameters. Also give an
asymptotic Bode plot of the magnitude of response giving important values when the emitter
resistor is 1K. emitter by pass capacitor is 200 F collector load resistor is 2K and the
transistor parameters are hw = 1.1K and hfe = 50. Neglect the effect of other parameters.
20
(b) Give an expression for A-law compression as used in commercial PCM telephone systems.
What is the typical value of the parameter A? Draw compression characteristic and typical
curves for signal-to-quantisation noise ratio vs the input signal power for systems with and
without companding. Discuss the advantages of companding.
15
3. (a) Draw the circuit of a Wien Bridge oscillator using a single operational amplifier. Derive the
conditions for oscillations. State how:
(i) a Continuous variation of frequency is achieved?
(ii) a change in frequency range is achieved?
and (iii) the amplitude of oscillations is stabilised?
20
(b) Design a binary half adder using only basic gates. Make a full adder using two half adders
and any other basic gates. Write down Boolean functions for the half adder and express the
Boolean function for mc full adder in terms of those of the half adder and any other basic
logic operations.
15
4. (a) Starting with a carrier signal A cosc t and a modulating signal A sin m t derive an
expression for the frequency modulated signal showing all steps death. Derive an expression
for the spectrum of tic signal. Plot both the amplitude and the phase spectra of the FM signal.
20
(b) (i) What is a geostationary satellite ? Give an idea about its orbit. What are the
considerations in the choice of frequencies for such satellites?
7
(ii) What is QPSK ? How is QPSK modified for use with satellites? What are the
advantages of QPSK ?
8
5. (a) Describe the structure and operation of an Impatt diode. Derive expressions for the operating
frequency and output efficiency.
20
(b) Describe a colour television transmission system indicating clearly how colours are
transmitted. How arc these signals derived front the camera outputs?
15
SECTION B
6. (a) Consider a three-port lossless 3 dB power divider with ports numbered as 1, 2 and 3. The
input port (numbered 1) is matched. The ports 2 and 3 are output ports. Write down the S-
parameter matrix for the divider and evaluate the voltage reflection coefficients at all the
ports.
20
(b) Design an operational amplifier (single stage) to give a 21 dB voltage gain without phase
reversal.
15
7. (a) A certain eight bit uniform quantisation PCM system can accommodate a signal ranging from
1V to +1V. The rms value of the signal is 0.5 V. Evaluate the signal-to-quantisation noise
ratio and express it in decibels.
20
(b) A message source generates eight message symbols m1, m2, m8 with probabilities 0.25,
0.03, 0.19, 0.16, 0.11, 0.14, 0.08 and 0.04 respectively. Give the Huffman codes for these
Symbols. Calculate the entropy of the source and the average number of bits per symbol.
15
8. (a) In the measurement of received field strength and power density a 23 dB gain antenna is
connected to a 50 ohm input impedance voltmeter through a 50 ohm. 1 dB loss coaxial cable.
The frequency is 3GH2 and the metre reading is 200V. Calculate the field and power density
at antenna.
20
(b) (i) Synthesize an SR clocked flip flop using basic gates. Give its truth table.
(ii) Convert the above into a JK flip flop, give its truth table and discuss race around
condition.
(iii) Convert a JK flip flop into a JK master slave flip flop.
(iv) Convert a JK flip flop into a D flip flop and write its truth table.
15
9. (a) Derive an expression for the blind speeds of an MTI radar. How is the blind speed problem
solved ?
10
(b) List the advantages and disadvantages of hydraulic controllers.
10
(c) Draw the root locus diagram for die following control system and calculate the breaking and
breakaway points.
15
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1993
PAPER - I
Time allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 200
Assume suitable data, if necessary, but indicated them clearly.
1. (a) If each of the resistances in the network shown in Fig. 1 (a) is R, what is the resistance
between the terminals A and B?
(8)
(b) The values of capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor with vacuum and with dielectric
medium in between the plates are 3.0 f and 4.5 f respectively. Calculate the velocity of
electromagnetic wave in the dielectric medium.
(8)
(c) An automotive radar operates at a frequency of 8 GHz. Determine the Doppler shift due to an
automobile directly approaching the radar at a speed of 160 Km per hours.
(8)
(d) In a CRT, 3 1017 electrons are accelerated through a potential difference of 10,000 V over a
distance of 40 mm per minute. Calculate the average power supplied to the beam of electrons.
(8)
(c) Assuming the internal resistance of the voltage source tto
(f) Calcium has a face-centered cubic structure with an ionic radius of 1.06 A. Calculate the
inter-planar separation for (111) plane.
(8)
(g) For a half-wave rectifier circuit, find the required a.c. voltage for getting a d.c value of 150 V.
The source and load resistances are 25 K and 75 K respectively.
(8)
(h) A semiconductor thermistor having a resistance of 4567 at 3000 K obeys the relation:
RT = RA exp (B/T), where RA and B are constants, RT is the resistance at any Kelvin
temperature T. The resistance measured at 303o K was 4134 . Calculate the value of
resistance at 318o K.
(8)
2. (a) Two circular conducting plates of radius 25 cm are separated in air by 2mm, and a potential
of 100 V is applied between them. Find the capacitance, the stored change, the stored energy
and the force existing between the plates.
(17)
(b) A charge Q is uniformly distributed between the spheres of radius r2 and r3 (r3 > r2)
respectively. The spheres may be assumed to be constructed of a plastic material with a
relative permittivity of 1.0. Calculate (i) the volume charge density in the region between the
spheres and (ii) the electric field produced by this charge distribution for values of r.
(17)
3. (a) A transistor used in the amplifier circuit show in Fig. 3(a) has the following h-parameters:
hie = 800 , hoe = 50 106 1 and hfe = 55.
Calculate the voltage and power gains of circuit. Find also percentage error in the values
obtained if hoe is neglected.
(17)
(b) A dipole antenna with a length of 10 cm and carrying a current of 1 A at a frequency of

108/2 Hz, radiates into free space. Find the electric field intensity at a distance of 10 km
from the antenna, where conduction field is negligible.
17
4. (a) In the circuit shown in Fig. 4(a) there are two switches S1 and S2, St opens at time t=O and S2
closes at time t=1 sec. Determine vc (t) and ic (t).
(17)
(b) In a certain series type ohm meter, the indicating meter has a 50 resistance and needs 1 mA
for full scale deflection. The ohm meter uses a 3 V battery, a resistor in shunt with the meter
and another resistor In series with the battery. The half scale deflection should Indicate
2000.
(i) Calculate the values of the series and shunt resistors,
(ii) the maximum value of the shunt resistor to compensate for a 10% drop in battery
voltage. Also calculate the corresponding scale error at half scale mark.
(17)
5. (a) A transmission line is represented by a symmetrical -network. Calculate the resistance and
Inductance (or capacitance) for the series and shunt arms of the -network, if the line is 10
km long, having characteristic impedance Z o 28030o and propagation constant,
y 0.0840o per loop km. The angular frequency is 5000 rad sec1.
(17)
(b) Design a rectangular wave guide which at 10 GHz, will operate in TE10 mode with 25%
safety factor (f 1.25 fc) when the interior of guide is filled with air. It is required that the
mode with the next higher cut-off will operate at 25% below its cut-off frequency.
(17)
6. (a) Synthesize the following impedance function in Foster-I and Cauer-1 forms:
Z S
S 2

4 S 2 25

S S2 9
(17)
(b) A point charge q is situated at a distance d from a grounded conducing plane of infinite
extent. Obtain the total charge induced on the plane by direct integration of the surface charge
density.
(17)
7. (a) A Schering bridge as shown in Fig 7(a) balances under the following conditions: R1 = 10 K,
R2 = 1 K, C1 = 100 f and C3 = 500 f. The driving frequency is 1 KHz, Find the values
of Rx, Cx and dissipation factor D. Also convert these values to parallels equivalent values.
(17)
(b) By drawing neat diagrams, explain the working of bipolar and field-effect transistors and
state their relative merits.
(17)
Some useful contents:
Electronic charge, e = 1.6 10 19
C
Electronic mass, m = 9.1 10 31
kg
Permeability of free space, 0 = 4 107 Hm1
Permittivity of free space 0 = 8.85 1012 Fm1
Velocity of light in vacuum, c = 3 108 ms1
Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 1023 JK1
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1993
PAPER - II

1. (a) Calculate the emitter current in the voltage divider bias circuit shown. What is the value of
VCE and VC? Make reasonable assumptions.
(6)
(b) The first and the second stage of a two stage RC coupled amplifier have the lower cut off
frequencies to be 100 Hz and 200 Hz respectively. Their upper cut off frequencies are 140
KHz and 100 KHz respectively. Find the overall 3 dB bandwidth of the amplifier.
(6)
(c) A decimal number, N, was encoded using seven-bit even parity Hamming code. After
transmission, it was received as 1101101. Is there any error introduced dining transmission?
What the value of N?
(6)
(d) A six-bit A/D converter has a maximum precision supply voltage of 20 V. What voltage
change does each LSB represent? What voltage does 100110 represent?
(6)
(e) Sketch the desirable range of the location of the poles of the transfer function of a system if
the systems damping ratio is to lie between 0.3 and 0.7 and its natural frequency is to lie
between 2 and 4 rad/sec.
(6)
(f) Draw a signal flow graph for the following equations:
x2 = t12 x1 + t32 x3
x2 = t23 x2 + t43 x4
x4 = t24 x2 + t34 x3 + t44 x4
x5 = t25 x2 + t45 x4
(g) In a receiver the antenna is coupled directly at the input to the mixer. The loaded Q of the
coupling circuit is 250. If the IF is 455 KHz, determine the image frequency and its rejection
ratio at 1 MHz. How does it deteriorate at 20 MHz?
(6)
(h) A receiver connected to an antenna whose resistance is 50 has an equivalent noise
resistance of 30 . Calculate the receivers noise figure in decibels and its equivalent noise
temperature
(6)
(i) An air filled rectangular waveguide of inside dimensions 7 3.5 cm operates in the dominant
TE10 mode.
(i) Find the cut off frequency.
(ii) Determine the phase velocity of the wave in the guide at a frequency of 3.5 GHz.
(iii) Determine the guided wavelength at the same frequency.
(6)
(j) A (200 + j75) load is to be matched to a 300 line to give SWR = 1. Calculate the
reactance of the stub and the characteristic impedance of the quarter wave transformer, both
connected directly to the load.
(6)
SECTION A
(Attempt any TWO questions)
2. (a) Sketch the response of a high pass RC circuit when square wave of frequency f is applied at
its input. Derive an expression for the % age tilt.
(15)
(b) Draw the circuit diagram of a Schmitt Trigger using transistors and explain its working with
reference to the transfer characteristics for various values of loop gain.
(10)
(c) Find the output voltage in terms of V1, V2, R1 and R2 far the differential input amplifier
consisting of a base amplifier of infinite gain as show in the figure below.
(10)
3. (a). Show that if two identical FETs are connected in parallel, then gm is double and rd is half of
that of individual FET. If two FETs are not identical show that
1 1 1

rd rdl rd 2
1rd 2 2 rd 1
and
rd 1 rd 2
(8)
(b) What are the advantages of push pull arrangement in amplifiers? Draw the circuit of a class-B
push pull amplifier and derive an expression for its maximum possible circuit efficiency.
(12)
(c) Specify the truth table for a half subtractor circuit and realize the circuit using AND-OR
gates. How two half subtractors can be combined to obtain a full subtractor? Using half
subtractor and full subtractors draw and explain the block schematic of a 4-hit parallel binary
subtractor.
(15)
4. (a) Design a pulse mode circuit with inputs x1, x2, x3 and output a The output must change from
O to 1 if and only if the input sequence x1 - x2 - x3 occurs while Z = 0. The output must
change from 1 to 0 only after an x2 input occurs.
(20)
(b) Design a synchronous counter using JK flip flops which counts in the sequence 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
0.
(15)
5. (a) A system has unit step response. as shown below.
(i) What is its impulse response ?
(ii) What is the response of the system to the Input function show in the figure?
(15)
(b) Consider a feedback control system with the open loop transfer function
K
G s
s s 1
Design a series compensator to provide the following specification:
(i) The phase margin of the system must be greater than 45.
(ii) When the input to the system is a ramp, the steady state error of the output in position
should be less then 0.1 degree/deg/ set of the final output velocity.
(20)
SECTION B
(Attempt any TWO questions)
6. (a) Draw the circuit of a balanced modulator and prove that this circuit produces an output
consisting of side bands only, with the carrier removed. Also sketch the output wave shape.
What application can this circuit have other than SSB generation.
(15)
(b) Draw the circuit of a reactance modulator using an FET and derive an expression for the
equivalent capacitance in terms of the frequency of operation a ratio of Xc to R.
(12)
(c) The mutual conductance of an Ff, varies linearly with gate voltage between the limits of 0
and 9 mho. The FET Is used a capacitive reactance modulator, with Xcgd = 8 Rgs, and is
placed across an oscillator circuit which is tuned to 50 MHz by a 50 pF fixed capacitor. What
will be the total frequency variation when the trans-conductance of the PET varied from zero
to maximum by the modulating voltage?
(8)
7. (a) Describe briefly Shanon Fano Algorithm for efficient encoding of messages. Using this
algorithm, obtain the code for a source emitting eight message with probability 1/ 2, 1/8, 1/8,
1/16, 1/16, 1/16, 1/32, and 1/32. Calculate the average information per message and the
efficiency of the code.
(15)
(b) Give a brief account of binary digital modulation system used for radio transmission of
digital signals.
(8)
(c) Describe in detail an antenna used for TV transmission. How are audio as well as video
signals transmitted over the same antenna?
(12)
8. (a) What is a Magic Tee? What are its characteristics? How does its S matrix look like? What are
its applications?
(10)
(b) Draw the schematic diagram of a reflex Klystron and explain the phenomenon of velocity
modulation
(10)
(c) Discuss briefly the physical structure of a READ diode. Sketch the field distribution and the
variation of currents when an a.c. voltage is applied. Derive an expression for the resonant
frequency.
(15)
9. Write brief notes on the following:
(a) Hartley Oscillator
(7)
(b) Programmable Logic Arrays
(7)
(c) Root Contours
(7)
(d) Packet Switched Digital Network
(7)
(e) Cavity Magnetron
(7)
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1994
PAPER - I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum marks 200
Candidates should attempt question No. 1 which is compulsory any FOUR of the remaining questions.
1. (a) Consider the circuit of Fig 1a. The diode is ideal. The input waveform is as shown. Find the
voltage across the capacitor at 1 ms, 3 ms, 6 ms and 9 ms.
(8)
(b) A p-type material has an acceptor ion concentration of 1 1016 per cm3. Its intrinsic carrier
concentration is 1.48 1010/cm3. The hole and electron mobilities are 0.05 m2/V-s and 0.13
m2/ V-s respectively. Calculate the resistivity of the materials:
(8)
(c) Investigate the following functions for their realizability as R-C driving point impedance
function. Give reasons in support of your answers.
(8)
(i)
s 1 s 3 (ii)
s 1 s 3
s2 s 2 s 2 s 4
(d) A 5 F capacitor charged to 100V discharges through a 300 ohm resistor. Write an
expression for the power flow into the resistor. Find the total energy transferred to the resistor
over an infinitely long time.
(8)
(e) Consider a three-lossless-transmission line system as shown in Fig 1e. The lengths and the
characteristic impedances are also shown in the figure. Determine the characteristic
impedance of the quarter-wave (B) line for matching on line (A). What will be the VSWR on
line A if the line B is not used?
(8)
(f) Find the current required to radiate 100W of power at 100 MHz from a 10 cm Hertzian
dipole. Also find the electric field intensity at a distance of 100 m at a point lying in the plane
perpendicular to the dipole and passing through its centre.
(8)
(g) The electric field intensity at a point on a conductor surface is E=2ax 0.9a + 1.5az V/m
where ax ay and az are unit vectors along x, y and z directions. Determine the surface charge
density at the point. What should be the sign (i.e. positive or. negative)? Why?
(8)
(h) A resistance strain gauge with a gauge factor 3.0 is mounted on a beam whose modulus of
elasticity is 2.1 106 kg/cm2. The strain gauge nominal resistance of 120 ohm increases to
120.2 ohm when the beam is subjected to stress. Calculate the stress.
(8)
2. (a) Write the properties of the numerator polynomial of the voltage transfer function of a passive
two port network. Also determine the voltage transfer function of the network of fig. 2a.
(b) For the JFET in the circuit of Fig 2b:

(17)
IDSS = 5mA; Vpo = 3V with usual notations.
Also in this circuit
RD = 2k; Rs = 8K;
VDD = 15V; VG = 10V;
and VSS = 8V.
Calculate VGS and VO.
3. (a) In the circuit of Fig. 3a, the 5 resistor is changed to 8 . Use compensation theorem to find
the change in current through the 3 W resistor.
(17)
(b) A 5.2 V Zener diode has a maximum power dissipation of 260 mW. It maintains a constant
voltage when the current though the diode does not fall below 10% of the maximum
permissible currents. A 15 V supply is given to the Zener through a series resistor R. Find the
range for R so that the Zener maintains its constant voltage. Find the new range when the
diode is loaded by 50 load.
(17)
4. (a) A parabolic reflector has an aperture efficiency of 0.55 and a directivity of 30 dB at 300
MHz. Calculate the diameter and half power beam width. What will be the gain and beam
width if the frequency changes to 200 MHz?
(17)
(b) Determine the Thevenins equivalent circuit referred to left of the points A and B in the
circuit of Fig. 4b and then calculate the power fed to the 12 resistor.
(17)
5. An air dielectric L-band rectangular waveguide with width-to-height ratio of 2.0 has a dominant
mode cutoff frequency of 0.908 GHz. The guide wavelength is 40 cm and the excitation is 5000
V/m. Name the dominant mode and calculate the frequency of operation, the guide width and the
height, the phase shift constant and the power flow.
(34)
6. (a) A silicon diode showed currents of 2 mA and 10 mA respectively when the diode voltages
were 0.6 V and 0.7V. Estimate the operating temperature of the diode junction.
(17)
(b) Describe a method of measuring the distributed capacitance of a coil. Derive the necessary
expression. State the necessary precautions, if any.
(17)
7. (a) A parallel plate capacitor with 1.0 cm separation between plates has 20 kV applied across it.
It has air dielectric. A glass sheet of 2 mm. thickness and of 6.5 relative permittivity is
inserted in the air dialectic and kept on one plate. Find the capacitance of the parallel plates
with the glass per unit area, the electric field in air and glass, and the charge density the
plates.
(17)
(b) Describe Hay bridge. Derive expressions for the unknown parameters. What are die merits or
limitations of the bridge? Should the frequency of the excitation be known? Why?
(17)
Some useful constants:
Electron charge : 1.6 1019 coulomb
Boltzmann constant : 1.381 1023 Joule/K
Plancks constant : 6.626 1034 Joule /Sec.
Avogadros number : 6.023 1026 /Kmol
Permittivity of free space : 8.85 1012 F/m
Permeability of free space : 4 107 H/m
Velocity of light in free space : 3 108 m/s
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1994
PAPER - II
Time allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 200

Candidates should attempt question No. 1 which is compulsory and FOUR more
questions taking TWO each from Section A and Section B.
1. (a) A transistors maximum average dissipation capability is 2.5 W. When used in class A
direct coupled power amplifier, find (1) the maximum a.c. power deliverable to the load, and
(ii) the minimum d.c. power needed from the power supply to provide the power in part (i).
(6)
(b) Draw the transfer characteristic for the given circuit, assuming ideal diodes.
(6)
(c) The input frequency of a 6-bit binary rate multiplier (7497) is 128 kHz. What will be its
output if the multiplier word is 1011? How can 12-bit rate multiplication be achieved using
two 6 bit binary rate multipliers?
(6)
(d) X and Y are successive digits i a positional number system. Also, XY 25(10) and YX = 31(10)
Determine the radix value of the system and values of X and Y.
(6)
(e) What are the advantages of A.C servo motors for use in control systems? Sketch the torque
speed characteristics of such a motor for a least three different values of rotor resistance.
When can the characteristics be considered straight?
(6)
(f) The open loop transfer function of a system is given below:
K
G s H s
s s 4 s 5
For what values of k is the system stable?
(6)
(g) Calculate the capacity of a standard telephone channel with a 32-dB signal to noise ratio.
(6)
1/2
(h) A varactor diode has an effective capacitance, C given by C = 10 (1-0.75 V) pF when V is
the bias voltage. The diode is placed in parallel with a 0.75 H inductor and the combination
resonates at 100 MHz. Determine the value of bias voltage, V.
(6)
(i) A lossless line has a characteristic impedance of 50 and is terminated in a load
resistance of 75. The line is energized by a generator which has an output
impedance of 50 and an open circuit output voltage of 30 V (rms). The line is 2.25
wavelengths long Determine.
(i) The input impedance (ii) The instantaneous load voltage (iii) The instantaneous power
delivered to the load.
(6)
(j) A waveguide has an internal breadth a = 3 cm, and carries the dominant mode of a signal of
unknown frequency. If the characteristic wave impedance is 500 , what is this frequency?
SECTION A
2. (a) For the cascaded amplifier shown, find the input impedance, output impedance, current gain,
and the voltage gain. Make any reasonable assumption. The h-parameters are:
hie 1.1k , h fe 50 Neglect h re , h oe
(20)
(b) Draw the circuit of an RC phase shift oscillator using and FET. Derive (a) an expression for
the frequency of oscillations and (b) the condition for sustained oscillations.
(15)
3. (a) Draw the circuit of an Astable multivibrator using OP AMP (s) and explain it working with
the help of waveforms. Derive an expression for frequency of oscillations.
(15)
(b) Design a synchronous sequential circuit, using JK flip flops, with one input line, x and one
output line, Z. The circuit is to recognize the occurrence of the sequence 1111 in the input
string. Overlapping occurrences are also to be recognized. For example,
if x = 00110 1111 010 111110..
then Z = 00 000 0001 000 000110.....
(20)
4. (a) Explain the working of a 4-bit R-2R ladder network D/A converter. What are its advantages
and disadvantages? Determine the output voltage caused by input of 1101 if VR = 5 volts.
(20)
(b) What is the difference between ROM and RAM? In a three bit addressable ROM, the
following functions are desired:
h0 = 0, 2, 5, 6, h1 = 0, 2, 4, 6, 7
h2 = 0, 3, 4, 7, h3 = 1, 2, 3, 5, 7
How would you construct it?
(15)
5. (a) The system shown below consists of a unity feedback loop containing a minor rate feedback
loop.
(i) Without any rate feedback (b = 0), determine the damping factor, natural resonant
frequency, overshoot of the system to a unit step input, and the steady state error
resulting from a unit ramp input.
(ii) Determine the rate feedback constant which will increase the equivalent damping
factor of the system to 0.8. Determine the overshoot of the system in this case to a
unit step input and the steady state error resulting from a unit ramp input.
(b) Using Bode plots, determine the gain margin and phase margin of a unit feedback system
having an open loop transfer function.
10
G s
s 0.1s 1 0.05s 1
By what constant factor should G(s) be multiplied for (i) a gain margin of 20 dB, and (ii) a
phase margin of 24 .
SECTION B
6. (a) Derive an expression for a frequency modulated wave when the carrier and the signal are
both pure sinusoid. Derive its frequency spectrum and comment on the bandwidth.
(13)
(b) Define the terms selectivity, sensitivity and fidelity with reference to a radio receiver and
explain their significance. Explain a method for the measurement of selectivity.
(10)
(c) Define conditional entropy and redundancy. A binary data source has P0 = 3/8, P1 = 5/8, and
P(1/0) = 3/4, P(0/1) 1/16. Calculate the conditional entropy and the redundancy.
(12)
7. (a) Draw the block diagram of complete delta modulation system and explain its working. Derive
an expression for the output signal-to-quantisation noise ratio.
(20)
(b) Give an expression for A-low, compression as used commercial PCM telephone systems.
What is the typical value of the parameter A? Draw compression characteristic and typical
curves for signal-to-quantisational noise ratio versus the input signal power for systems with
and without companding. Discuss the advantages of companding.
(15)
8. (a) A symmetric directional coupler with infinite directivity and a forward attenuation of 20 dB
is used to monitor the power delivered to a load Z, as shown below. Bolometer 1 introduces a
VSWR of 2.0 on arm 4; bolometer 2 is matched to arm 3. If bolometers 1 reads 8 mW and
bolometer 2 reads 2 mW; find: (i) the amount of power dissipated in the load, Z1 (ii) the
VSWR on arm 2.
(20)
(b) Discuss the operation of a microwave tunnel diode with the help of energy band diagrams.
Hence obtain the I-V characteristics of the tunnel diode.
(15)
9. Write brief notes on the following:
(57=35)
(a) Miller effect and its application (b) Ripple counters and their applications (c) Constant-M and
constant-N loci and their significance in system design (d) International standards in colour
television System and their intra-compatibility (e) Reflex Klystron and the phenomenon of bunching.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1995
PAPER - I
Some useful data:
Electron charge: 1.6 1019 Coulomb
Free space permeability: 4 107 H/m
Free space permittivity: 8.85 pF/m
Velocity of light in free spaces: 3 108 m/s
1. (a) The parameters of a certain transistor are = 0.99 and ICBO = 100 nA, while IB = 20 A. The
transistor, connected in CE configuration, is in amplifying mode. Find ICEO , IC and IE . All
symbols carry their usual meanings.
(b) Uniform charge densities 2 C/m2 and 2C/m2 exist in x-y planes, infinite in extent and
located at z=3 m and z=19 m respectively. The region 3 z 19 is a dielectric of relative
permittivity 9.0. Determine the displacement density, the electric field and polarisation
vectors in the space between the planes.
(c) The voltage v and charge q on a certain non-linear capacitor are related as q = kv1/3 where k is
a constant. Determine the energy stored in the capacitor and express it (i) in terms of q and k
and (ii) in terms of v and k.
(d) Represent a half sinusoidal pulse g(t) = sin t, 0 t 1 by an expression involving sine
waves and step functions; and using this representation, write the Laplace transform of the
given pulse.
(e) Find the power loss in the 10 ohm resistor in the circuit of Fig 1 (e).
(i) Determine the admittance parameters of the network of Fig 1 (f) and draw its -
equivalent circuit.
(g) In an open-circuited loss line of length L, show that the ratio of the output voltage to the input
voltage is maximum when
sinh 2 L

sin 2 L
where and are respectively the attenuation and phase-shift constants of the line.
(h) A piezo-electric transducer of 1.5 cm2 area and 0.11 cm thickness and having a 2 pC/N
sensitivity is connected to a charge amplifier (an ideal operational amplifier) having a 20 pF
feedback capacitor. Calculate the peak-to-peak swing of the amplifier output voltage when
die transducer is subjected to a force of 0.017 sin 1000 t Newton.
2. (a) Synthesize two different R-C networks of the Cauer type for the following impedance
function
2
s 2 s 4 taking 's' in sec1.
s 1 s 3
(b) In the circuit of Fig 2 (b), mutual inductance exists between the two coils, the coupling
coefficient being k; Find the value of k, if the power loss in R is equal to 32 W. Also
calculate the power loss if the terminals of one of the coils are interchanged.
3. (a) A 5.0 mA sinusoidal current source with a 10 k source resistance supplies power to a tank
circuit which has L = 10.5 mH and C = 105 nF. The self-resistance of the coil is 100 .
Calculate the
(i) resonance frequency (in Hz). (ii) Q of the coil at the resonance frequency (iii) bandwidth
of the entire circuit (iv) voltage across the coil, and (v) current through the capacitor.
The voltage and current are to be determined at the resonance frequency.
(b) For a parallel plane waveguide, infinite in extent and a spacing of 20 cm between the plates,
calculate the
(i) phase velocity for TEM mode at all wavelengths (ii) cutoff wavelength for dominant TE
mode (iii) phase velocity for dominant mode at 80% of cutoff wavelength, and (iv) the
reflection angle for the above frequency of operation.
4. (a) A series R-L-C circuit with no initial energy is connected across a 50 V d-c supply at t = 0.
Given R = 100 , L = 2H and C = 200 F, find the current i(t) in the circuit. Calculate the
value of current for t = 120 ms and also the voltages across R, L id C and energy stored in L
and C, all for t = 120 ms.
(b) A voltage source of 10 V, 50 internal resistance and 3 105 rad/sec frequency supplies
power to a lossless transmission line of 1 km length, of 100 characteristic impedance (pure
resistance) and having a 200 termination. Calculate the power supplied to the 200 s load
and the transmission line. Consider the phase velocity to be equal to that in free space.
5. (a) Derive an expression for the radiation pattern of a linear array of five isotropic antennas,
spaced half a wavelength apart, carrying currents in the ratio 1:2:2:2:1 and with progressive
phase shift of 180o. Determine the directions of nulls. Also calculate the pattern values for
30o, 45o, 60o, 75o and 90o and show it by an approximate sketch.
(b) (i) Derive an expression for the capacitance per unit length of a coaxial cable. The outer
radius of inner conductor is r1 and the inner radius of outer conductor is r2.
(ii) In a given case if r2=4r1, what will be the radius within which 75% of the total energy
will be stored?
6. (a) A plane electromagnetic wave travelling in the +z direction in free space (z < 0) is normally
incident on a good conductor (z > 0), the interface being at z =0. The electric field just prior
to the interface is 2.0 in 3 106 t y mV/m. Determine the magnetic field component inside the
conductor, given that the conductivity of the conductor is 61.7 M/m while the permeability
is equal to that of the free space. Show all steps clearly.
(b) Give the circuit configuration of the Wien bridge for the measurement of frequency
indicating the adjustable elements and the positions of the source and detector. Drive the
balance condition. Also explain the balancing procedure and typical practical arrangements,
how the frequency is determined and the problems, if any associated with the bridge.
7. (a) In the measurement of a non-electrical quantity, the transducer and the associated amplifier
produce an output voltage in the to 10 V range, the highest significant frequency
component being 100 Hz. It is to be converted into digital form with a resolution of better
than 0.01%. Find the
(i) minimum sampling rate (ii) minimum number of bits (iii) analogue value of the least
significant bit (iv) aperture time requirement (v) dynamic range of the ADC in decibels, and
(vi) ruts value of quantisation noise.
(b) In the circuit of Fig 7(b), the value of the inductance is so chosen that when it is tuned with a
4 F capacitor, it resonates at 250 Hz. Determine the current i(t), voltages across the diode
(VD), inductor (VL) and capacitor (VC) and also the energy stored in the inductor (WL) and
the capacitor (WC). All the above values are to be found and tabulated in four vertical
columns for t = 0, 2, 4, 6 ms. The battery supply of 5 volts is switched on at t = 0. Assume the
diode and the voltage source to be ideal and that there is no initial stored energy in C and L.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1995
PAPER - II
1. (a) The circuit shown represents a low-pass d.c. coupled amplifier. Assuming an ideal OPAMP,
find (i) the high frequency 3-dB point fH , (ii) the low frequency gain, Av = v0/vs
(b) What is the advantage of using Gray code? Enumerate the steps required for the conversion
of binary number into its Gray code equivalent. Convert the binary number 1001011 to Gray
code.
(c) Determine the gain margin and phase margin for the system in which
1
GH j
j 13
(d) Sketch the desirable range of location of the poles of the transfer function of a system if the
systems damping ratio is to lie between 0.4 and 0.6 and its natural frequency is to lie
between 3 and 5 rad/sec.
(e) Derive an expression for the maximum phase-lead which can be provided by the following
network.
(f) The equation of and amplitude modulated wave is given as

v 100 1 0.2 cos 2 103 t cos 2 106 t

Find all frequencies present and their respective amplitudes: Also determine the value of
modulation index.
(g) For a binary symmetric channel, the error probability Pe(0) = Pe(1) = p and errors are
statistically independent. Show that the channel capacity is
C = s [1 + p log p + (1 p) log (1 P)]
where s is the signalling speed.
(h) Calculate the value of the minimum detectable power in a radar receiver if its noise figure is
12 dB and its bandwidth is 2.5 MHz. Assume the antenna noise temperature to be 300o K.
(i) A pulse compression radar transmits an encoded pulse having a frequency chirp from 990
MHz to 1010 MHz centered around 1 GHz. What should be the range resolution capability of
this radar?
(j) For a 1 cm 2 cm rectangular waveguide, calculate the following:
(i) Group velocity and phase velocity (ii) Cut-off frequency (iii) Characteristic impedance
(iv) Possible modes of propagation. Assume f0 = 10 GHz.
SECTION A
(Attempt any two questions.)
2. (a) Draw the circuit of a Wien Bridge Oscillator using a single operational amplifier. Derive the
condition for sustained oscillations. State how: (i) a continuous variation of frequency is
achieved; (ii) a change in frequency range is achieved; and (iii) the amplitude of oscillations
is stabilized.
(b) A square wave whose peak to peak value is 1 V extends 0.5 V with respect to ground. The
half period is 0.1 sec. This voltage is impressed upon an RC differentiator with time constant
0.2 sec. What are steady state maximum and minimum values of output voltage?
3. (a) Draw the circuit of transistorized cascode amplifier and determine its h-parameters in terms
of those of the component transistors. What are the special advantages of this configuration
(b) Why is it desirable to incorporate current limiting circuitry in a voltage regulator? Draw
the circuit of a typical series pass regulator with built-in overload current limiting feature and
describe its functioning.
4. (a) What are the advantages of dual-slope A/D converter? Give a schematic diagram of such a
converter and explain its operation with the help of timing waveforms. How can this
converter be made direct reading?
(b) Draw K-maps for the functions
f AB BD ABC and f AB BD and hence derive the K-maps for the functions f1 =
f . f and f2 = f + f
Simplify the maps for f1 and f2 and give the resulting expressions in sum of products form.
5. (a) Design a binary half adder using only basic gates. Make a full adder using two half adders
and any other basic gates. Write down Boolean functions for the half adder and express the
Boolean function for the full adder in terms of those of the half adder and any other basic
logic operations.
(b) Determine the state diagram and state table for a ingle input single output circuit which
detects a 01 sequence. The sequence sets Z = 1, which is reset only by a 00 input sequence.
For all other cases, Z = 0. Design the circuit using SR flip flops.
SECTION B
6. (a) Sketch the root-locus of a unity feedback system with an open-loop transfer function
k
G s
s s 2 s 4
For what range of k will the system have damped oscillatory response? What is the highest
value of k that can be used before continuous oscillations occur?
(b) Consider the third order position control system with velocity feedback shown below.
Determine the value of k so that the dominant poles of the transfer function of the closed lop
system have a damping ratio of 0.5. What will be the response of the system to a unit step
input for this value of k?
7. (a) Draw the block diagram of the Armstrong FM system and explain the generation of FM
signals. Why is it called indirect method and what are its advantages ?
(b) What is the function of the synchronising circuits in a TV receiver ? Draw and explain the
working of a synch separator circuit with the help of waveforms. How are horizontal and
vertical synch pulses separated?
8. (a) Two radars have the same peak power of 100 kW. One has a pulse width of 2 secs and off
period of 500 secs. The second one has a pulse width of 4 secs and off period of 400 secs.
Which is better suited for long range reception ? Explain your answer clearly.
(b) Define and explain the terms: Self information, Entropy and Mutual information.
A code is composed of dots and dashes. Assume that the dash is 3 times as long as the dot
and has one-third the probability of occurrence. Calculate
(i) the information in a dot and that in a dash; (ii) the average information in the dot-dash
code; and (iii) the average rate of, information transmission, assuming that a dot lasts
10 m secs and the same time interval is allowed between symbols.
9. (a) Draw a neat diagram of a two cavity Klystron. Show all voltages with proper polarities.
Explain the phenomenon of bunching with the help of the Applegate diagram.
(b) A two cavity Klystron amplifier has the following parameters:
V0 d. c. acceleration voltage = 1000 V
f. frequency of operation = 3 GHz
Grid gap spacing in either cavity = 1 mm
Spacing between two cavities = 4 cm
Find the :
(i) Gap transit angle, (ii) Beam coupling coefficient (iii) Input gap voltage V1 to give
maximum output voltage V2 and the (iv) Bunching parameter.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1996
PAPER - I
Time allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 200
Candidates should attempt question ONE which is compulsory and any FOUR of the remaining questions.
Assume suitable data, if necessary, and indicate the same clearly. Some useful constants are given below.
Parts of the same question must be answered together and must hot be interposed
between answers to other questions.
Some useful data:
Electron change: 1.6 1019 Coulomb
Free space permeability 4 107 H/m
Free space permittivity: 8.85 pF/m
Velocity of light in free space: 3 108 m/s
Boltzmann constant: 1.38 1023 J/K
1. (a) A voltage source with waveform as shown in Fig. 1 (a) is connected across a 30 F capacitor
at time t = 0. Find the values of the current in the capacitor at t = 0.5 ms and t = 2.5 ms. Also
calculate the total energy delivered by the source till t = 7.0 ms. The capacitor has no charge
prior to t = 0.
(b) Find the electric field vector E for an anisotropic dielectric material when the displacement
Vector D = Dx ix + Dy iy + Dz jz 5.0 (ix + iy 2iz) C/m2 and E is related to D as
Dx 4 2 2 Ex

Dy 0 2 4 2 E y
D 2 2 4 E z
z
following usual notations.
(c) Calculate the frequency at which the circuit of Fig. 1 (c) will be in resonance. Will this
frequency change if the positions of the inductor and capacitor are interchanged?
(d) Find the current I in the circuit of Fig. 1 (d) using superposition theorem.
(e) Given an electric field 30 sin (1010 t + 15) V/m, find the conduction and displacement
current densities in a material with = 4.0 S/m, = 0 and = 0. Also determine the
frequency (in Hz) at which the two densities will become equal in magnitude.
(f) Determine the group velocity of a 12 GHz signal propagating in the TM11 mode in a
rectangular waveguide of 4.0 cm 2.0 cm cross section.
(g) A galvanometer recorder with a 100 coil resistance is connected to a transducer. The
transducer acts as a voltage source in series with a 250 resistance. The recorder response to
a step input to the transducer is that of a second order system with a damping factor of 0.3.
Find the resistance that should be put in parallel with the transducer so that the damping
factor increases to 0.7.
(h) The excitation to a two-terminal network is 4 + 5 sin t + 3 cos 2 t volt while the response
current equals 0.3 cos t + 0.1 cos (2 t 450)A. Find the average power supplied by the
excitation source.
2. (a) Sketch the output waveform for the circuit of Fig. 2 (a). Also draw the variation of energy
stored in the capacitor as a function of time. Mark appropriate values. Take the diode to be
ideal.
(b) A series type ohmmeter uses a 100 basic movement with full-scale deflection for 100 A.
The battery voltage in the ohmmeter circuit is 9V. The desired scale marking for half scale
deflection is 50 k. Find the values of the required resistor R1 in shunt with the meter and the
resistor R2 in series with the battery. Also find the maximum value of R1 that will compensate
for a 10% drop in the battery voltage and the percentage error al half scale mark when R1 is
so adjusted for the 10% drop in battery voltage.
3. (a) Determine the complex power S in the circuit of Fig 3 (a). Also find the resonance frequency
of the circuit.
(b) Determine the Thevenins equivalent circuit in the s-domain for the circuit of Fig. 3 (b) to the
left of the points A and B and then determine the current in R3 in time domain. What are the
values of this current for t = 0 and t = ? The switch is closed at t = 0.
4. (a) Consider an interface in the yz plan perpendicular to x-axis). The region x<0 is medium 1
with relative permeability r1 = 4.5 and the magnetic field H1 equals
H1 = 4.0ix + 3.0iy 6.0 iz A/m.
The region x > 0 is medium 2 with relative permeability r2 = 6.0. Find the magnetic field
intensity H2 in medium 2 and the angle made with the normal.
(b) Find the cutoff frequency m the dominant mode of a rectangular waveguide of 2.29 cm
1.12 cm cross section. Also find the phase velocity guide wavelength and the impedance at
7.0 GHz. What as the average power flow when the rms electric field is 800 V/m?
5. (a) A 150m long 600 transmission line is terminated into a 424.3 < 45 load. It operates at
400 kHz and its attenuation and phase shift constants are 2.4 10 Np/m and 0.0212 rad/m.
The received voltage is 50 < 0 volt. Find the reflection coefficient, position and value of
voltage maximum on the line. Also find the input impedance.
1
(b) Synthesize an R-C ladder network with the transfer impedance Z12
s 4s 3
2
6. (a) A strain gauge of 1000 nominal resistance gauge factor 2.5 and a temperature coefficient 2
105/C as connected an one arm of the bridge shown an Fig 6(a). The resistance of the
detector is 100 and the sensitivity is 15 mm/A. Find the deflection when the gauge as
strained 0.24%. Also find the effective strain indicated when the temperature increases by
8C considering the gauge resistance to be the only factor responsible Suggest a solution to
overcome this effect.
(b) Determine the radiation pattern of two identical monopole antennas separated by 5/8 and fed
with equal currents but differing in phase by 45. Sketch the pattern Mark important
directions and pattern values. Indicate the angles for nulls.
7. (a) Determine the Thevenins equivalent for the circuit of Fig. 7 (a) to the left of AB and specify
ZL for maximum power into ZL for maximum power into ZL.
(b) A potential function 3x + 5y volt exists in free space. Find the stored energy in a 2 m3 volume
(spherical) centred at the origin.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1996
PAPER - II
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 200
Candidates should attempt question ONE which is compulsory and any FOUR more questions
taking TWO each from Section A and Section B.
Assume any data if required.
Parts of the same question must be answered together and must not be interposed between
answers to other questions
1. (a) Determine v0 for the following network for the indicated input.
(b) Determine the output waveform for the network shown and calculate the output dc level and
the required NV of each diode.
(c) How can JK-flip flop be used as (i) D-flip flop, and (ii) T-flip flop? Justify your answer with
the help of truth tables.
(d) Convert the following Octal numbers into equivalent Hexadecimal numbers.
(i) 134
(ii) 67
(iii) 1527
(iv) 4753
(e) Determine the value of k so that all the roots of the following polynomial are to the left of the
line = 0.5.
F(s) = s3 + 6s2 + 11s + k
(f) Sketch the constant-M loci in the G-plane for a unity feedback system and derive the
equations for the loci.
(g) A 30 m diameter earth station antenna of circular aperture is used to receive satellite signals
in the 4 GHz band. The system noise figure is 1 dB. Calculate the G/T of the earth station.
Express the answer in dBk1.
(h) According to CCIR-standards for TV channels, what are the values of picture. IF and sound
IF? Specify the frequency range for channel 4 and channel 10. For each of these channels,
indicate the picture carrier frequency and the sound carrier frequency.
(i) A rectangular waveguide is 1 cm 2 cm in dimensions. Calculate cut-off wavelength for
TE10 and TM11 modes.
(j) An X-bank radar unit has a CW radiation power of 4 kW: Determine:
(i) The power density in milliwatts per square centimeter at a distance of 2 m.
(ii) The electric field intensity in volts per meter at the same distance.
(iii) The magnetic field intensity in amperes per meter at the same distance.
SECTION A
2. (a) Determine VCE and IE for the following network.
(b) For the network shown, determine the following parameters using the complete hybrid
equivalent model and compare with the results obtained using the approximate model in
which the effects of hre and hoc axe neglected.
(i) Zi and Z1
(ii) Av
(iii) Ai to Io / Ii and Ai = Io / Ii
(iv) Z0
The h-parameters of the transistor are:

hfe = 110, hie = 1.6 k
hre = 2 104, hoe = 2
3. (a) Draw OPAMP circuits for
(i) Display Driver (ii) Instrumentation Amplifier
Briefly describe the operation of these circuits.
(b) Draw the block diagrams of the 555 timer Show how 555 can be used as an astable
multivibrator. Describe the circuit operation with the help of waveforms and derive an
expression for the frequency of oscillations.
4. (a) Design a circuit using NAND gates only that has one control line and three data lines. When
the control line is high, the circuits is to detect who one of the data lines has a 1 on it then the
control line is low, the circuit will output a 0, regardless of what is on the data lines.
(b) For the transistor circuits shown below determine the voltage transfer characteristic,
assuming VCE sat, = 0.2 V and BE, on = 0.7V
5. (a) Design a logic Circuit Using half adders, full adders and basic gates which can add two 4-bit
CD numbers and gives BCD output.
(b) Draw the truth table for testing whether a BCD number than or equal to 5 and mechanize it
by using
(i) An 8-input multiplexer (ii) A 4-input multiplexer and residual gates (iii) A 2-input
multiplexer and residual gates
SECTION B
(Attempt any Two questions)
6. (a) Find the output in the following block diagram having three input : R, U1 and U2.
(b) Enumerate the advantages of state space modelling. Derive relations to find the poles and
zeros of a system from the state space model. Determine the poles and zeros of the following
system:
0 1 0
X X
20 9 0
C 17 5 X 1 r
7. (a) What are the advantages that the super-heterodyne receiver has over the TRF receiver? Are
there any disadvantages? How is the constant IF achieved in a super-heterodyne receiver?
How does the use of r.f. amplifier improve the S/N ratio of a super-heterodyne receiver?
(b) Draw the block diagram of a basic PLL system and explain its ability to track the frequency
changes in the input signal. What are meant by lock range and capture range ? How can-
a PLL be used as an FM demodulator?
8. (a) A certain eight bit uniform quantisation PCM system can accommodate a signal ranging from
1V to + 1V. The rms value of the signal is 0.5 V. Calculate the signal to quantisation noise
ratio and express it in decibels. Derive the relation used.
(b) Derive an expression for the blind speeds of an MTI radar. How is the blind speed problem
solved?
9. (a) What is a directional coupler? Define directivity and coupling factor. Briefly discuss the two-
hole directional coupler and derive its S-matrix.
(b) A 6 GHz e.m. wave propagates in a parallel plane waveguide, the separation between the
planes being 3 cms. Determine the cut-off wavelength of the dominant mode, the guide
wavelength of the dominant mode, the corresponding group as well as phase velocities, and
the characteristic wave impedance.
*******
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1997
PAPER - I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks :200
Candidates should a/tempt question No. 1 which is compulsory arid any four of the remaining questions.
Some useful constants are given below. Some useful data:
Electron charge: 1.6 1019 Coulomb. Free space permeability: 4 107 H/m.
Free space permittivity: 1/36 109 F/m. Velocity of light in free space : 3 108 m/s.
Boltzmann constant : 1.38 1023 J/K Plancks constant : 6.626 1034 J-s.
1. (a) A quartz crystal has a charge sensitivity of 2pC/N, r = 4.5, diameter of 10 mm and thickness
2 mm. What is its voltage sensitivity? Find the output voltage due to an applied force of 100
N.
(Youngs modulus = 9 1010 N/m2)
(8)
(b) A germanium diode has reverse saturation current of 30 A at 125C. What are its dynamic
forward and reverse resistances for a bias 0.2 V at this temperature ?
(8)
e j
(c) The Fourier transforms of the input and output of a linear time invariant system are
1 j
e2 j
and respectively. What is its impulse response?
1 2
2 j
(8)
(d) Verify Tellegans theorem for the circuit of Fig. 1 (d).
(8)
(e) The electric field intensity in air is given by:
Sin
E
r

cos 6 107 t r a V / m
Determine and H.
(8)
(f) For a distortionless line with = 0.04 + j1.5/m, Z0 = 80 and f = 500 MHz, determine the
primary constants R, G, L and C.
(8)
(g) Determine the Laplace transform of the periodic function shown in Fig. 1 (g).
(8)
(h) A moving-iron voltmeter has a resistance of 10000 and inductance of 0.765 H. The
instrument is calibrated with full scale deflection on 50 V-DC. Calculate the percentage error
when the instrument is used to measure 50 V at 50 Hz.
(8)
2. (a) A dielectric material contains 210 polar molecules / m , each of dipole moment 1.8 1027
9 3
Cm. Assuming that all the dipoles are aligned in the direction of the electric field E = 105 ax
V/m, find the polarization, the electric susceptibility and the relative permittivity.
(17)
(b) Two washerlike ferrite disks, each having a 24 mm inner diameter, a 36 mm outer diameter
and 6 mm thickness, are laid on top of each other so that they have a common axis. One disk
has r = 15 and the other has r = 30. A coil of 1200 turns links both of them and produces a
flux in the a direction. If a current of 10 mA exists in the coil, what is the total flux in the
core? What is the inductance of the system?
(17)
3. (a) A p-type silicon sample is placed in a magnetic field as shown in Fig. 3 (a). The applied
electric field is 750 ax V/m. The electron and hole mobilities are 0.14 and 0.05 m2/Vs
respectively at the operating temperature. Find the magnitudes of
(i) the voltage across the sample length (ii) the drift velocity (iii) the transverse force per
coulomb of moving charge due to B (iv) the transverse electric field intensity (v) the Hall
voltage
(b) An LED with minimum and maximum voltage drops of 1.8 V and 3 V respectively is
connected to a 24 V supply in series with a 820 resistor. An identical LED is connected to
a 10 V supply in series with a resistor of 120 . Determine which arrangement is preferable
from the point of view of constant brightness from the LED.
(17)
4. (a) The complex exponential Fourier series representation of a signal f(t) over the interval (O,T)
is

3
f t 4 n
2
e jn t
n
(i) Determine the numerical value of T.

(ii) One of the components of f(t) is A cos 3 t. What is the numerical value of A?
(iii) Find the minimum number of terms which must be retained in the representation in
order to include 99.9% of the energy of f(t) in the interval. (Assume signal energy as
0.669 over the period).
(17)
(b) A discrete system has the unit pulse response:
h (nT) = {3, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ,. }
(17)
Determine its response for the input:
x (nT) = {1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, . }
(17)
5. (a) Find the transmission parameters for the network of Fig. 5(a).
(b) The switch in the circuit of Fig. 5 (b) closes at t = 0. Find the current iA for all times.
6. (a) A lossless air dielectric 50 line is operating with f = 5 MHz. When a load ZL is connected
to it the standing wave ratio is 1.6 and a voltage minimum occurs 8 m to the left of a marked
point on the line. If the load is replaced by a short circuit the minimum moves to a spot 3 m to
the right of the marked point. Find ZL . Design a stub to match the load to the line.
(17)
(b) The radiation component of the electric field intensity at a point (r, , ) due to a current
element Im z cos t az at the origin is:
60 I m z sin
r
E j a v / m
2 r/

Determine the instantaneous electric field intensity and its magnitude at (1000, 0, 0) at t = 0
due to two identical current elements 0.5 cos t az and 0.5 cos t ay located at the origin if
= 2 m. (The location of the point is given in mm rectangular coordinates).
(17)
7. Derive an expression for the electrostatic deflection sensitivity of an oscilloscope. How much
deflecting voltage is required to deflect the election beam 10 if effective length of deflecting plates is
2 cm, their separation 1 cm and accelerating voltage is 1000 V?
A sine wave voltage is displayed on a CRO. Its vertical amplifier sensitivity is set at 5 V/cm and the
time base selector switch is set at a sweep speed of 50 s/cm. The displayed sine wave has a peak-to-
peak amplitude of 5.4 cm and its two complete cycles are accommodated over 8.4 cm of horizontal
axis. Determine the r.m.s. value arid the frequency of the input voltage. If voltages Vm1 cos t and
Vm2 sin t are applied respectively to the horizontal and vertical deflecting plates of an oscilloscope,
prove that the electron beam will trace an ellipse on the screen.
(34)
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1997
PAPER - II

Candidates should attempt question No. 7 which is compulsory and any
four of the remaining questions taking TWO each from Section 4 and Section B.
1. (a) In the transistor circuit shown below ICBO = 2 Amp at 25 C and doubles for every 10C
increase in temperature.
(i) Find maximum allowable value of RB if the transistor is to remain cut off at 750 C.
Assume VBE(cut off) = 0.1 V.
(ii) If VBB = 1.0V and RB = 50 k how high may the temperature increase before the
transistor comes out of cut off?
(8)
(b) The input voltage Vi to the two-level clipper shown below varies linearly from 0 to 150 V.
Sketch the output voltage to the same scale as the input voltage. Assume ideal diodes.
(8)
(c) Convert the following pairs of decimal numbers in Excess-3 numbers and perform their
addition in Excess-3 codes.
(i) 38, 37 (ii) 129, 131
(8)
(d) Explain what is meant by race-around condition in relation to the J-K flip-flops. Suggest a
method of avoiding it.
(8)
(e) Three pole transfer function has all the three poles located at S = .A negative feedback is
added with feedback factor . Show that the system is unstable for | A0 | > 8 where A0 is the
dc gain of the transfer function. Find the value of poles for |A0 | = 8.
(8)
(f) Explain the following terms in relation to television system:
(i) Vestigial sideband (ii) Luminance signals and colour difference (chrominance) signals (iii)
Interleaving (iv) Colour sub-carrier burst signal.
(8)
(g) Represent the data bits 101001 by the bipolar NRZ waveform. Sketch the following digital
modulation schemes for these waveforms:
(i) Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) (ii) Frequency-Shift Keying (FSR) (iii) Phase-Shift Keying
(PSK)
(8)
(h) A binary erasure channel matrix is given by
1 P P 0
P Y | X
0 P 1 P
Draw the channel diagram and if the source has equally likely outputs, compute the
probabilities associated with the channel outputs for P = 0.2.
(8)
(i) Determine the required length of a quarter-wave matching section to eliminate standing
waves and provide a matched condition for a 300 load fed from a 72 transmission line
operating at 100 MHz. Also find the characteristic impedance of the transmission line from
which the matching section should be cut. Assume velocity factor = 1.0.
(8)
(j) Explain the two valley model of GaAs Gunn diode. If the electron density and mobility in the
lower valley are 1014 m3 and 0.8 m2/V sec respectively and those in the upper valley are 1016
m3 and 180 104 m2/V sec respectively, calculate conductivity of the diode.
(8)
SECTION A
2. Attempt any two questions:
(a) Derive the expressions for the voltage gain A, and the input resistance Rin of the amplifier
shown. Find the values of Av and Rin for the following values of h parameters for the
transistors:
hie = 1000 ; hfe = 100; hre = h = 0
(15)
(b) For the feedback amplifier shown
(i) draw the circuit without feedback but taking the loading of feedback network into
account.
(ii) Find the feedback factor .
(iii) Assuming loop gain to be much larger than unity, find the voltage gain with feedback.
(15)
3. (a) Draw the circuits for precision half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, using Op-Amps. Explain
their working with the help of waveforms and equations.
(15)
(b) A regenerative comparator (Schmitt Trigger) circuit is shown below
(i) Derive expressions for upper threshold and lower threshold voltages, VUT and VLT
respectively and hence the value of hysteresis voltage VH. Calculate VUT, VLT, VH for
the given values of R1 and R2.
(ii) A sine wave with 2 V peak-to-peak amplitude and 1 kHz frequency is app lied at the
input of the circuit. Plot the input and output waveforms.
Vcc = + 15 V
4. (a) The circuit for an integrated positive diode-transistor-logic (DTL) gate is shown below. The
inputs are obtained from outputs of similar gates and its output drives similar gates.
(i) Verify its function as a NAND gate. Specify the state of each transistor for at least
one input low and also when both the inputs are high.
(ii) For hFE(min) = 30, calculate the fan-out of this gate. Take VD ON = 0.7 V; VCE Sat = 0.2
V; VBE cut in = 0.5V; VBE active = 0.7 V; VBE Sat = 0.8 V.
(b) Design a parity generator to generate odd and even parity bits for 4-bit code words. Use EX-
OR and EX-NOR gates.
(10)
5. (a) What is the delay time of N-stage ripple counter and that of N-stage synchronous counter?
Prepare a truth table and draw logic diagram for a 4-stage binary ripple counter using J-K
flip-flops.
Illustrate with logic equation and diagram how its counter can be made to count both in up
and down directions.
(15)
(b) Draw schematic diagram of an A/D converter using voltage-to-time conversion. Explain its
working with the help of timing waveforms.
(15)
SECTION B
6. Attempt any two questions.
C S
(a) Obtain the transfer function for the multi-loop control system shown.
RS
(15)
25
(b) A unity feedback control system has a forward transfer function . Find the resonance
s s 6
peak and the corresponding frequency for the closed loop frequency response. Derive the
formula you used.
(15)
7. (a) Eight message signals having 2 kHz bandwidth each are time-division multiplexed, using
binary PCM. The error in sampling amplitude cannot be greater than 1% of the peak
amplitude. Determine the minimum transmission bandwidth required if raised-cosine pulses
with roll-off factor = 0.2 are used. The sampling rate must be at heat 25% above the
Nyquist rate.
(14)
(b) Explain the following in relation to satellite communication:
(i) Limits of visibility (ii) Uplink and Downlink transmission bands in C and Ku band (iii)
Transponder (iv). Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple
Access (TDMA).
(16)
8. (a) A code has the panty-check matrix parity-check
1 0 1 1 0 0
H 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 1
(i) Determine the generator matrix G.

(ii) Find the code word that begins 101...
(iii) Decode the received word 110110.
(15)
(b) An optical step-index fibre has a core refractive index 1.55 and core diameter 50 m and is
used at a light wavelength 0.80 m. Find its V number and the approximate number of modes
it will propagate. Refractive index for cladding is 1.51.
(15)
9. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of a helix-travelling wave tube and describe its working.
Discuss the features of diagram. Derive an expression for the output power gain of the
tube.
(20)
(b) Describe the physical structure of BARIT diode. Draw its energy band diagram in
equilibrium and under bias kg/cm2, conditions. Discuss its operating principles.
(10)
*******
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1998
PAPER - I
Candidates should attempt question No. 1 which is compulsory and
any FOUR of the remaining questions.
Assume suitable data, if necessary and indicate the same clearly.
Some useful constants are given below:
Electron charge : 1.6 1019 Coulomb
Free space permeability: 4 107 H/m
Free space permittivity: 1/36 109 F/m
Boltzmann constant :1.38 1023 J/K
Plancks constant: 6.626 1034 J-s
1. (a) Show that a semiconductor has minimum conductivity at a given temperature when
n ni h / e & p ni e / h
8
(b) When the current through a Zener diode increases from 20 mA to 30 mA the voltage across it
changes from 5.6 V to 5.65 V. What is the voltage across the Zener when the cur rent is 35
mA ?
8
(c) A train of rectangular pulses, making excursions from zero to one volt, have a duration of 2
s and are separated by intervals of 10 s. Assume that the centre of one pulse is located at t=
0 and obtain the trigonometric, Fourier series for this pulse train.
8
(d) A white noise is applied to an RC low pass filter. What is power spectral density of the output
noise and what is its average power?
8
(e) Find i1, i2, and v in the circuit of Fig. 1(e).
8
(f) Synthesize the two Foster networks for

s 4 10 s 2 9
Z s
s3 4s
(g) If the magnetic flux density of a point in a region is 250 sin 120 taz mWb/m2, what is the
curl of the electric field intensity?
8
(h) With the input of 4 cos 800 t + cos 2000 t millivolts to an amplifier, the measured output
amplitude is 1 volt at 1 kHz and 1 mV at 600 Hz. If the amplifier input-output characteristics
is given by v0 = a1vi + a2vi2, determine the output amplitudes at the other frequencies.
8
2. (a) A certain homogenous slab of lossless dielectric material is characterised by an electric
susceptibility of 0.12 and carries a uniform flux density within it of 1.6 nC/m2. Find the
electric field intensity, the polarization, the average dipole moment if there are 2 1019 &
dipoles per cubic meter and the voltage between two equipotential 2.54 cm apart.
17
(b) Calculate the inductance of a toroid formed by surfaces = 3cm, = 5cm, z = 0, z = 1.5 cm,
wrapped with 5000 turns of wire. The core has a magnetic material with r = 6 (Do not use
approximation in evaluating the flux).
17
3. (a) For the circuit shown in Fig. 3 (a), 1 = 0.98, 2 = 0.96, VCC = 24, RC, = 120 and IE =
100 mA. Calculate the current IC1, IB1, IE1, IB2, IC2, and IC, the voltage VCE and the ratios IC/IB
and IC/IE. Neglect reverse saturation currents.
17
9
(b) A photocathode is illuminated with radiation of wavelength 500 mm. The cathode has a
work-function of 1.2 eV. Calculate the anode voltage required to produced zero anode
current. When the anode voltage is +90V, find the velocity of the electrons at the anode if the
cathode is illuminated with radiation of wavelength 250 nm.
17
4. (a) If F s
3s 4 s 5 , find f(0), f(0), f(0).
s 12 s 6
(Note: F (s) is the Laplace transform of f(t)).
17
(b) Find the system transfer function and unit impulse response of the second order difference
equation given below assuming zero initial conditions:
y(nT) = x(nT) 0.25y(nT2T)
17
5. (a) The switch closes in the circuit of Fig. 5 (a) at t = 0. Assuming a relaxed circuit at the time of
switching, determine the current i for t > 0. Also find the voltage VL across the inductances
for t > 0.
17
(b) Find the Z-parameters of the two port in Fig. 5 (b).

17
6. (a) Given that V = XY is a solution of Laplaces equation, where X is a function of x alone and
Y is a function of y alone, determine which of the following functions are also solutions:
(i) 2XY + y2 x2 (ii) X2Y2 (iii) X + 3Y
17
(b) An air-filled rectangular wave guide of cross-section 5 cm 2 cm is operating in the TE10
mode at a frequency of 4 GHz. Determine:
(i) the group velocity (ii) the guide wavelength (iii) the attenuation to be expected at a
frequency which is 0.95 time the cut-off frequency (assuming the guide walls to be made of
perfect conductors).
17
7. (a) A voltmeter with an internal resistance of 4750 is used to measure the voltage across a
resistance of 600 connected in series with a DC series of internal resistance 400. What is
the error in measurement?
17
(b) The periodic voltage of the form shown in the Fig. 7 (b) is applied to (i) a true r.m.s. meter
(ii) an average-measuring r.m.s. indicating meter (iii) a peak-measuring r.m.s.
indicating meter. Determine the reading of each instrument.
17
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1998
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt Question 1 which is compulsory and four more questions
taking Two each from Section A and Section B.
1. (a) A silicon transistor with VBE (sat) = 0.8 V, B = hFE = 100, VCE (sat) = 0.2 V is used in the circuit
shown. Find the minimum value of RC for which the transistor remains in saturation.
8
(b) A silicon single phase full wave bridge rectifier circuit is shown. Explain what happens if the
transformer and the load positions are interchanged.
8
(c) What is the advantage of Hamming code? Using 7-bit even parity Hamming code, detect
errors if any and correct them in the following bytes:
(i) 0101110 (ii) 1010011
8
(d) The truth-table for A-B flip-flop is shown. Draw schematic diagram using J-K flip-flop and
any additional logic to implement it.
Show the design steps.
An Bn Qn+1
0 0 Qn
1 0 Qn
0 1 1
1 1 0
A1
(e) For open loop transfer function A s a negative feedback is applied with a
s s 2
2
feedback factor . Find the value of A, (i) corresponding to the breakaway point, (ii) for
which the system becomes unstable.
8
(f) According to CCIR system B standard for TV given the values of the following parameters:
(i) Channel B.W (ii) Number of lines per picture (iii) Aspect ratio (iv) Line period (v) Field
period
(g) Calculate the efficiency of a system which selects one message out of 13 equi-probable
messages in (i) binary systems and (ii) decimal systems.
8
(h) The terminating load of an HF transmission line with Z0 = 50 ohms working at 300 MHz is
(50 +j50) ohms. Calculate the VSWR and the position of voltage minima nearest to the load.
8
(i) An optical fibre has a core refractive index of 1.5 and a cladding refractive index of
1.47. Find
(i) Critical angle at core-cladding interface
(ii) Numerical aperture NA of the fibre
(iii) The acceptance angle in air for the fibre
8
(j) Define the following terms used in microprocessors:
(i) Instruction Cycle (ii) Machine Cycle (iii) T-State
8
SECTION A
Attempt any two questions
V0 I
2. (a) Calculate Ri, Av , A1 0 for the circuit shown.
Vs Ii
Use hie = 1000 ohms; hfe= 99; hre hoe 0.
15
(b) An amplifier with open loop voltage gain Av = 1000 + 100 is available. It is required to have
an amplifier whose gain varies by no more than 0.2 %. Find (i) reverse transmission factor
of the feedback network (ii) gain with feedback. Derive the formula you used.
15
V0
3. (a) Develop the voltage transfer function for the amplifier shown.
Vs
(b) Explain the current foldback characteristics of voltage regulators. Draw a circuit to realise the
current foldback characteristic in a low voltage regulator using 723 IC chip. Explain the
working of the circuit.
15
4. (a) Minimise the following logic expression using Karnaugh map and realize it using NAND
gates.
15
f(A, B, C, D,E, F) = m(6, 9, 13, 18, 19, 25, 27, 29, 41, 45, 57, 61)
(b) A Tri-state logic gate circuit is shown. Explain the working of the circuit when (i) control is
LOW and when (ii) control is HIGH. What are the applications of the circuit?
(c) What is wired logic ? What are the applications of open collector TTL gates?
For the circuit shown find expression for Y. What logical function is performed by the
circuit?
6
5. (a) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is
K s 5 s 40
G s 3
s s 200 s 1000
Construct the root-locus diagram of the system and comment on the stability of the system.
20
(b) For a proportional plus derivative (PD) controller plot the controller output and error vs time.
Specify the equation for the controller.
Calculate the controller output for the above controller at (i) t = 0 and (ii) t = 2 sec, if the
error begins to change from zero at the rate of 1.2 % /s. The controller has a set point of 50%;
Kp = 4% /% and KD = 0.4 % s /%.
10
SECTION B
Attempt any two questions:
6. (a) A signal is band limited to 3.6 KHz and three other signals are band limited to 1.2 KHz each.
These signals are to be transmitted by means of Time-Division-Multiplexing.
(i) If each signal is sampled at its Nyquist rate set up a scheme to achieve this
multiplexing.
(ii) Specify the speed of commutator in samples per second.
(iii) If the commutator output is quantized in 1024 levels with the result binary coded what
is the output bit rate?
(iv) Determine the minimum transmission bandwidth of the channel.
20
(b) Draw refractive index profile for
(i) step-index and
(ii) graded-index fibres.
Determine the cutoff wavelength for a step index fibre to exhibit single mode operation when
the core refractive index and radius are 1.46 and 45 m respectively with the relative index
difference being 0.25%.
10
7. (a) A two stage amplifier has the following parameters:
First stage Second stage
Voltage gain 12 20
Input resistance 500 ohms 80 K ohms
Equivalent Noise Resistance 1500 ohms 10 K ohms
Output Resistance 25 K ohms 1 M ohms
Calculate:
(i) the equivalent noise resistance of the two stage amplifier;
(ii) the-noise figure of the amplifier if it is driven by a generator with, output impedance
50 ohms.
15
(b) Explain Neutralization and show how it can be realized.
The circuit shown has an internal and stray wiring capacitance of 20 pF. If L1 = 80 mH and
L2 = 120 mH, determine to what value the neutralizing capacitance CN should be set so as to
neutralize Cinternal.
15
8. (a) For (6,3) systematic linear block code, the three parity-check bits C4, C5 and C6 are formed
from the following equation
C4 = d1 d3 ; C5 = d1 d2 d3; C6 = d1 d2
(i) Write the generator matrix G.
(ii) Construct all possible code words.
(iii) If the received work is 010111 find the location of the error and the transmitted data
bits.
15
(b) Calculate the ratio of circular waveguide cross-sectional area 10 the rectangular waveguide
cross-sectional area assuming that both these waveguides have equal cutoff frequency for the

dominant mode, if P11 1.841 .
15
9. (a) Explain with the help of D flip-flops, SR flip-flops and logic gates the working of all
Interrupts (except INTR) available in the Microprocessor 8085 CPU.
20
(b) Derive the major differences between the HDTV System and the NTSC System.
10
*******
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1999
PAPER - I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks :200
Candidates should attempt any FIVE questions.
Free space permeability : 4 107 H/m
Free space permittivity : 1/36 10 F/m
Boltzmann constant : 1.38 1023 J/K
Plancks constant : 6.626 1034 J-s
1. (a) Draw the electrical equivalent circuit of a Quartz Crystal explaining the significance of the
various components of the circuit.
10
(b) Draw neat sketches of Impedance Vs Frequency, Reactance Versus Frequency of the Quartz
resonator indicating the critical frequencies and their values.
10
(c) A quartz crystal has the following electrical characteristics:
Series resonance 200 KHz
Impedance at series resonance 200 ohms
Parallel resonance at 200.25 KH
Impedance at parallel resonance 40 M
Determine the component values of the equivalent circuit.
20
2. (a)
(b)
The electrical symbol representation of a four layer pnpn diode is shown in the above figure
(a) and its VI characteristic is shown in the above figure (b).
(a) Explain why the VI characteristic of the pnpn diode be haves as represented in figure (b).
10
(b) Can the above device be used as an electronic switch? If so why?
15
(c) Use the device to design a simple circuit to generate a continuous sawtooth wave of
amplitude 100 volts, and repetitive frequency of 500 Hz. The following data is available
regarding the four layer diode:
VBO = 100 V IA = 20 A IH = 20 mA
25
3.
A dynamic vibration absorber is shown in the above figure. The system is seen in many situations
involving machines containing several unbalanced components. The parameters M2 and k12 may be
chosen such that the main Mass M1 does not vibrate when F(t) = a sin 0 t.
(a) Obtain the differential equation describing the system.
15
(b) Draw the analagous electric circuit based on Force current analogy.
15
(c) What is the condition for Mass M1 not vibrating at frequency 0.
10
4.
A balanced bridge network is shown in the above figure.

(a) Choose a set of state variables and write the state equations representing the network in the
form X = AX + BU.
15
(b) Draw the state model flow graph of the above system.
15
(c) State the advantages of state space analysis over the conventional differential equation
methods of solving system behaviour.
10
5. State clearly the Thevenins and superposition theorems and explain their usefulness in linear
network analysis.
5
The circuit of the figure below is a well-known network used in control applications.
In the above figure C = 1 fd R = 1 M and the initial voltage V0 across the right hand capacitor is
20 volts for t < 0 when the switch was open. At t = 0 the switch is closed. Determine i(t) after switch
is closed.
25
Plot i(t) versus time on a graph paper indicating salient values.
10
6. (a) Why do we prefer hollow wave guides to open wire two conductors,. or coaxial transmission
lines for transmission of power?
10
(b) What factors does the power carrying capacity of a wave guide depend upon?
10
(c) A wave guide has an internal breadth a of 3 cms and carries a dominant mode of a signal of
unknown frequency. If the characteristic impedance of the mode is 500 ohms what is
frequency of the signal?
20
7. (a) The speed of a rotating shaft is to be measured by using a photo electric device and an
electronic counter. Sketch a suitable arrangement for making this measurement and comment
on the accuracy of this method.
10
(b) Explain the working of a Digital Voltmeter using the dual slope technique.
15
(c) The DVM using the dual slope technique has a reference voltage of 1000 V and the fixed
time is 1000 counts. What is the voltage indicated if the counter reads 762 on the downward
slope?
15
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1999
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt Question No. 1 which is compulsory and FOUR more questions taking TWO
each from Section and Section B.
e = 1.6 1019 Coul
m = 9.1 1031 kg
h = 6.625 1034 J-s
c = 3 108 m/s
G = Universal constant of gravitation, 6.668 1011 m3/kg-s2.
M = mass of the earth, 5.997 1024 kg,
r = radius of the earth, 6,378 km
1. (a) Specify the characteristic features of INSAT-2E.

(b) Draw beam current waveforms of a klystron for at least four values of bunching parameter.
Write an expression for the bunching parameter and specify each quantity in the expression.
8
(c) Compare O- and M-type tubes. Write your answer in a tabular form.
(d) The frequency response of a transfer function T(j) is given below. Determine
(i) the transfer function
(ii) the step response assuming no initial energy storage.
8
(e) (i) In FM radio broadcasting, the modulation index is 40%. What is the value of
frequency deviation?
2
(ii) In an FM modulation system, the modulation index is doubled. By what percentage
does the total transmitted power in crease?
2
(iii) For the following microwave coaxial connectors write the full form and the frequency
upto which these can be used satisfactorily.
4
(a) APC 3.5 (b) BNC
(c) TNC (d) SMC
(f) A parabolic antenna of gain 10,000 is needed at an operating frequency of 6 GHz. Find the
beam width in the vertical and horizontal planes of the antenna. Assume 75% antenna
efficiency and a circular aperture with m = 1 tapered distribution. Also calculate the power
received if the incoming signal has a power density of 1 W/m2. . . .
8
(g) Define Gamma. Why is gamma correction done in the camera ? What is the value of gamma
for picture tube ? Show that the video bandwidth is approximately 5 MHz.
8
(h) For the circuit shown below, calculate the Q point for both transistors. Assume silicon
transistors, VBE = 0.7 V.
8
(i) A power supply using half-wave rectifier is to have an output dc voltage of 30 V, with a load
resistance of 500 . The ripple factor should not exceed 0.01. Find a suitable value for C.
Determine the peak diode current. Assume 50 Hz supply frequency.
8
0
(j) A multimode graded index fibre has an acceptance angle in air of 9 . Calculate the relative
refractive index difference between the core axis and the cladding when the refractive index
at the core axis is 1.45.
8
SECTION A
2. (a) A class B transformer coupled amplifier is to supply 4 W to a 10 load. The available supply
voltage VCC = 30 V. The transformer efficiency is 75%. Specify the output transformer and
the output transistors.
15
(b) Determine the frequency of oscillation for the following circuit and the value of R1 needed to
maintain oscillations. Name the circuit.
15
3. (a) Define equalization. Explain with relevant mathematical equations, the principles of
operation of a zero forcing transversal equalizer.
15
(b) A signal x (t) = cos (3t) + 0.125 cos (10 t) is periodically sampled every TS seconds. Given

a sampling signal, S(t) = 4 I n t 0.1n and a sampled signal xS(t) = x(t) S(t) is
n

obtained, which is t 0.1n . Determine
n
(i) the maximum value of the sampling time

(ii) I0, I1, I2, In+4 where In is the strength f each impulse.
(iii) the minimum bandwidth for a low pass filter so that the recovered signal will be
distortionless.
15
4. (a) An information source produces 8 different symbols with probabilities respectively
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , , , , , . These symbols are encoded as 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101,
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
110 and 111 respectively
(i) What is the amount of information per symbol?
(ii) What are the probabilities of occurring for a 0 and a 1?
(iii) What is the efficiency of the code so obtained?
(iv) Give an efficient code with the help of the method of Shannon.
(v) What is the efficiency of the code so obtained in (iv) above?
20
(b) A satellite TV link is designed to provide a video signal-to- noise ratio of 60 dB. The peak
deviation is 9 MHz and the highest videobase band frequency is 5 MHz. Calculate the CNR
required at the input to the FM detector. Given that the combined noise weighting, emphasis
improvement & implementation margin is 12 dB.
10
5. (a) (i) Draw the circuit diagram of a two input TTL NAND gate and label component values
and write the function table.
3+3
(ii) Draw a typical input-output transfer characteristic of a TTL inverting gate.
4
(iii) Define fan out. Which factor is responsible for the limit of fan out in TTL circuits?
4
(iv) Loading an output with more than its rated fan out has several effects. Write at
least five effects.
6
(b) What is a ROM ? Write the truth table of a 2-to-4 decoder with output polarity control and
built with discrete gates and with an 8 4 ROM.
10
SECTION B
6. (a) Write PASCAL program for the dc analysis of Collector-to-Base bias circuit shown below.
The equation for Stability factor S of the circuit is to be included. Run your programme for
two values of hFE, 50, 150.
Determine the values theoretically and enter in your results.

20
(b) Write an 8085 ALP to add a 16-bit number in locations 5000 H (high byte) and 5001 H (low
byte) with another 16-bit number stored in 5002 H (high byte) and 5003 H (low byte). Store
the result in BC.
10
7. (a) Explain gain margin and phase margin from Nyquist diagram.
5
(b) A closed loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is
C s 20 s 2

R s s 1 s 3 s 5
Determine the response of the system when the excitation applied to the input terminal is
3t 2
1 2t .
2
5
(c) For the system shown below, determine the characteristic equation. Hence, find the following
when the excitation is a unit step:
(i) Undamped natural frequency
(ii) Damped frequency of oscillation
(iii) Damping ratio and damping factor
(iv) Maximum overshoot
(v) Settling time
(vi) Number of cycles completed before the output is settled within 2%, 5% of its final
value
(vii) Time interval after which maximum and minimum will occur.
8. (a) (i) Name the frequency bands and the corresponding frequency and channel numbers
and corresponding bandwidth allocated to TV, as per CCIRB standards.
8
(ii) In the composite video signal, state the duration of the following in microseconds:
Line period, Front porch, line sync pulse, Build up time of line sync pulse, Vertical
field period, Field blanking period, line blanking period. Duration of pre-equalising
pulse sequence.
8
(iii) What is the purpose of CIN diplexer and what does It consist of?
4
(b) List out the satellite subsystems, their functions and their main characteristics. Write your
answer in a tabular form.
10
9. (a) The parameters of a two cavity klystron are as follows:
Beam voltage = 1000 V, Beam current = 30 ma, Frequency = 9 GHz, gap spacing in either
cavity = 1 mm, Spacing between centres of the cavities = 4 cm, Effective shunt impedance =
40 k.
Determine
(i) electron velocity
(ii) dc electron transit time
(iii) the input voltage for maximum output voltage
(iv) voltage gain in dB
20
(b) A CW radar is designed to cover target velocities of 600 m/s. The radar operates at a
wavelength of 0.1 m. A bank of narrow band filters are used after the detector, each having a
bandwidth of 50 Hz. Calculate the number of filters needed.
5
(c) What is the part played by Box car generator and AGC portion of a tracking radar receiver?
5
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2000
PAPER - I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks : 200
Some useful data:
Free space permeability 4 107 H/m
Free space permittivity 1/36 109 F/m
Velocity of light in free space 3 108 m/s
Boltzmann constant 1.38 1023 J/K
Plancks constant : 6.626 1034 J-s
1. (a) Discuss Hall Effect in materials.
10
(b) Explain how this phenomenon can be used to determine whether a semiconductor is n type
or p type.
10
(c) Define Hall Coefficient RH. Obtain an expression for RH in terms of Hall Voltage VH.
20
2. (a) What are Optoisolators ? Where do they find application ? Discuss their propagation delay,
operating voltage range and power dissipation.
20
(b) With a sketch of characteristics, explain the features of a power MOSFET.
10
(c) The reverse recovery time trr of a diode is 3 s. In a conducting mode to reverse blocking
mode operation, it needs a diode current rate of fall of 30 Amps/ s.
Determine (i) storage charge, QRR and (ii) peak reverse current, IRR.
10
For the mechanical system of figure shown above:

(i) Obtain the differential equations of the mechanical system.
16
(ii) Sketch the mechanical equivalent representation.
8
(iii) Draw the electrical analogous circuit based on force current analogy.
16
4. (a) Explain the terms : reflection coefficient and standing wave ratio.
16
(b) Define intrinsic impedance (characteristic impedance) of a non-conducting medium. Obtain
its value for free space.
10
(c) The electric field intensity associated with a plane wave travelling in a perfect dielectric
medium is given by
Ex (z, t) = 10 cos (2 107 t 0.1 z) V/m.
Calculate (i) the velocity of propagation (ii) intrinsic impedance.
14
5. (a) Define the z-transform.
5
(b) Discuss the methods of obtaining inverse z-transform of the form r(kT).
20
(c) Given the z-transformed function:
R z
1 e
T
z 1 z e
T
15
Determine the inverse.
15
6. (a) State Tellegens Theorem. Enumerate the implication of this theorem.
20
(b) What are the methods of realization of reactance functions? Give brief explanation with
circuit configurations.
20
7. (a) Mention the applications of circular waveguides. Why are they generally avoided?
10
(b) Calculate the ratio of the area of a circular waveguide to that of a rectangular one if each is to
have the same cut-off wavelength for its dominant mode.
15
(c) Discuss the operating principle of a simultaneous three bit A/D converter.
15
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2000
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt question no. 1 which is compulsory and FOUR more
e = 1.6 1019 Coul
m = 9.1 1031 kg
h = 6.625 1034 J-s
c = 3 108 m/s
G = Universal constant of gravitation, 6.668 x 1011 m3/kg-s2
M = mass of the earth, 5.997 1024 kg
r = radius o the earth, 6,378 km
1. (a) For the common emitter amplifier shown in Fig. 1, draw the simplified high frequency
equivalent circuit and derive an approximate expression for the voltage gain and 3 dB
frequency.
8
(b) Calculate the output voltage V0 of the circuit shown in Fig. 2. The input voltages are V1 = 2.5
V and V2 = 1 V.
8
(c) Verify the following equations by using Boolean algebra:

(i) AB AC BC AC BC
4
2 of 14
(ii) AB BC CA AB BC CA
4
(d) Using logic gates and diode ROM design an encoder to satisfy the following truth table:
8
INPUTS OUTPUTS
W2 W1 W0 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
(e) (i) Write the transfer function of a PID controller and state the effect of integral control
on the performance of the system.
4
1
(ii) A closed loop system has G s and H(s) = 1/s. Draw the Nyquist path for
s 2
2
analysing the stability of the system.

4
(f) (i) Calculate the beamwidth between first nulls of a 2.5 m paraboloid reflector used at 6
GHz.
4
(ii) Calculate its gain in decibels.
4
(g) Verify that the product of maximum unambiguous radial velocity V and maximum
unambiguous range R is independent for radars PRF and is equal to K and K is a constant.
8
(h) A parametric amplifier operating in upper sideband up-converter mode is pumped by a
20GHz pump frequency. If the signal frequency is 2 GHz,
(i) Determine the power gain in dB.
4
(ii) If the parametric amplifier was operated as a non- degenerate lower sideband up-
converter, what would have been the power gain in that case ?
4
(i) Draw the architecture of Intel 8086 and mention the special functions associated with its
registers.
8
(j) (i) Write a program in 8085 assembly language to store the contents of its flag register in
the memory location 2000 H.
3 of 14
4
(ii) Explain what happens in an 8085 processor based system when the microprocessor
receives HOLD signal.
SECTION A
2. (a) (i) In the level shifter circuit shown in Fig. 3, calculate the value of R for V0 to become
zero. Assume VD = VBE = 0.7 V and hFE is very large.
7
(ii) Calculate V0 in the circuit shown in Fig. 4. Assume hFE to be large and neglect the
base current. VBE = 0.7 V.
8
(b) Derive an expression for the stability factor of the circuit shown in Fig. 5.
15
Fig. 5
3. (a) An amplifier with open loop voltage gain A0 = 1000 100 is available. It is required to have
an amplifier whose voltage gain varies by no more than 0.1 percent.
4 of 14
(i) Find the value of the feedback factor required.
4
(ii) Find the gain with feedback.
4
(b) In the circuit shown in Fig. 6 calculate the value of the output current Io for Vin = 5 V. If ICE
SAT of Q2 is 0.3 V. Calculate the maximum value of RL that can be used in the circuit.
(c) Draw the internal block diagram of an IC PLL NE 565 or equivalent. Explain how you will
realize a frequency multiplier to multiply an input frequency by a factor of 12 by using this
PLL.
15
4. (a) Design a combinational circuit to convert the binary input ABCD to Gray code.
15
(b) Draw the circuit of an 8 bit D/A converter. Use 741 operational amplifier. If the value of the
weighted resistor corresponding to MSB is 1 K, note down the values of all the other
resistors. The reference voltage is 2.5 volt. The output voltage of the converter corresponding
to full scale input is 5.0 volt. What value of feedback resistor should be used in the
operational amplifier ? What should be the tolerance of the resistor corresponding to MSB if
the error in the converter output is to remain less than 1% of full scale value ?
15
5. (a) A mercury thermometer was kept in ice (0o C) for an indefinite period. It was removed and
immediately put in boiling water (100 C). It showed 750 C after 2.5 seconds. Evaluate the
transfer function of the thermometer.
10
(b) A second order control system with proportional derivative controller is shown in Fig. 7.
Derive expressions for its (i) steady state error to velocity input (ii) natural frequency of
oscillation (iii) damping ratio in terms of the system parameters.
10
5 of 14
(c) By analytical method calculate the gain margin in dB the unity feedback control system with
transfer function.
10
10
G s
s s 1 s 2
SECTION B
6. (a) A high frequency radio link has to be established between two points at a distance of 2500
km on the earths surface. Considering ionospheric height to be 200 km and its critical
frequency 5 MHz, calculate the maximum usable frequency for the given path.
10
(b) A measuring system is used to calibrate the setting on a CW signal generator. Two adjacent
null are found on the coaxial slotted line. The scale readings are 12.4 cm and 25.7 cm.
(i) What is the wavelength and frequency of the signal generator at this setting?
(ii) What cutoff frequency should be selected for the low pass filter ?
(iii) What must the local oscillator frequency be if the IF amplifier frequency is 60 MHz?
(iv) What attenuator should be selected to reduce the reflected power by 12 dB?
20
7. (a) An air filled hollow rectangular conducting waveguide has cross - section of 8 10 cm. How
many TE mode will this waveguide transmit at frequencies below 4 GHz? How are these
modes designated and what are the cut-off frequencies?
15
(b) A four cavity Klystron has the following parameters:
Beam voltage V0 = 14.5 KV
Beam current = 1.4 A
Operating frequency f = 10 GHz
DC electron charge density 0 = 106 C/m3
RF charge density = 108 C/m3
Velocity perturbations V = 105 m/sec
Compute:
(i) DC electron velocity
(ii) DC phase constant
(iii) The plasma frequency
(iv) The dc beam current density
(v) The instantaneous beam current density
6 of 14
15
8. (a) Calculate the antenna beam angle required by a satellite antenna to provide full global
coverage from a geostationary orbit.
5
(b) Calculate the figure of merit of an earth station in dB given the effective noise temperature
for the antenna as 27 K, receiver noise temperature as 75 K and isotropic power gain of the
antenna as 45 dB.
5
(c) The mean optical power launched into an 8 km length of fibre is 120 W. The mean optical
power at the fibre output is 3 W. Determine
(i) The overall signal attenuation in dB through the fibre assuming there are no
connectors or splices.
(ii) The signal attenuation per kilometer for the fibre.
(iii) The overall signal attenuation for a 10 km optical link using the same fibre with
splices at 1 km intervals each giving an attenuation of 1 dB.
(iv) The numerical input/output power ratio as calculated in (iii).
20
9. (a) Explain SIM and RIM instructions of 8085.
5
(b) An 8085 based system has 4 KB RAM. The address and chip enable pins of the RAM are
connected as shown in Fig. 8. Calculate the memory map of the RAM in HEX form.
10
(c) A BCD number is stored in memory location 2040 H in packed form. Write a program using
8085 assembly language to unpack it and store in memory location 2041 H and 2042 H. Least
significant digit should be stored first.
10
(d) Explain the term near CALL and far CALL with reference to Intel 8086.
5
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2001
PAPER - I
All questions carry equal marks.
Values of the following constants may be used wherever necessary.
Electronic charge = 1.60 1019 Coulomb.
Free space permeability = 4 107 Henry/m.
Free space permittivity = (1/36) 109 Farad/m
Velocity of light in free space = 3 108 m/sec.
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 1023 Joule/K.
Plancks constant = 6.626 10 Joule sec.
1. (a) Consider a solid containing N identical atoms per m3, the polarizability of which is farad
m2. Assuming a Lorentz internal field, derive the Clasius-Mosotti relation.
15
(b) With reference to the hysteresis curve, explain the phenomenon of spontaneous polarization
in ferroelectric materials.
10
(c) What is Curie temperature? Indicate the nature of variation of the dielectric constant in a
ferroelectric material above the Curie temperature.
10
(d) Name two common ferroelectric materials.
5
2. (a) In intrinsic silicon, the Fermi level lies near the middle of the bandgap. How does the Fermi
level move when it is doped with (i) phosphorus, and (ii) boron atoms? Can the Fermi level
be pushed up into the conduction band ? If yes, explain how. If not, explain, why.
5+5+5
(b) Explain why a doped semiconductor that is extrinsic at normal temperatures, behaves as an
intrinsic material above a certain temperature, Upon which parameters will this temperature
depend?
10+5
(c) An n-type semiconductor has more number of electrons than holes, hence it has a net
negative charge. Justify or nullify the above statement.
10
3. (a) Sketch the terminal current-voltage characteristics of the following diodes under both
forward and reverse biased conditions.
15
(i) p-n junction diode.
(ii) Zener diode.
(iii) Tunnel diode.
(iv) Shockley diode.
(v) Light-emitting diode.
(b)
Find the voltage drop across each of the silicon junction diodes shown in the above figure at
room temperature. Assume that reverse saturation current flows in the circuit and the
magnitude of the reverse breakdown voltage is greater than 5 volts.
10
(c) Elucidate three consequences of the Early effect in bipolar junction transistors.
15
4. (a)
For the circuit shown in the above figure obtain an expression for the current delivered by the
source as a function of time, when the switch S is closed at t = 0. Assume the circuit to be
initially unenergised.
10
(b) For a linear two-port network, show that z11 y11 = z22 y22, where z and y are respectively the
elements of the z- and y-parameters of the network and the subscripts have their usual
significance.
15
(c) Find the first partial fraction form of a network whose driving-point impedance function
ZD(S) has zeros at S = 2 and S = 6 and poles at S = 0, S = 4 and S = 8. Assume that
ZD(S) = 1 at S = 3.
15
5. (a) Define standing wave ratio (SWR) for a transmission line terminated by a resistive load.
5
(b) A transmission line of characteristic impedance 75 is terminated by a resistive load of 100
. What will be the value of SWR if the line is terminated by a short circuit?
5+5
(c) Explain the operation of a quarter-wave transformer.
15
(d) It is required to match a 100 load to a transmission line of characteristic impedance 75 .
What should be the characteristic impedance of the quarter-wave transformer used for this
purpose, if it is connected directly to the load ?
10
6. (a) The mean time to failure (MTTF) of an integrated circuit obeys a law of the form
MTTF = C exp (T0 / T)
where T is the operating temperature and C and T0 are constants. The following values of
MTTF at various temperatures were obtained from accelerated-life tests.
MTTF
54 105 206 411 941 2145
(hours)
Temperature
600 580 560 540 520 500
(K)
(i) Estimate the values of C and T0.

(ii) For an MTTF of 10 years, calculate the maximum allowable temperature.
10+5
(b) With appropriate circuit diagram, outline the theory of Maxwell bridge for the measurement
of an Unknown inductance.
15
(c) In a Maxwell bridge, the fixed-value bridge components have the following values = 5 , C
= 1 mF. Calculate the value of the unknown impedance (Lu, Ru) if R1 = 159 and R2 = 10
at balance. Also calculate the Q factor for the unknown impedance at a supply frequency of
50 Hz.
10
7. (a) Sketch the impedance curve of a quartz crystal as a function of frequency:
10
(b) Compare the merits and demerits of CMOS integrated circuit vis-a-vis those of bipolar
integrated circuits.
10
(c)
Obtain the dual of the circuit shown in the above figure.

10
(d) Using Poissons equation, show that electric field lines originate from a positive charge and
terminate on a negative charge.
10
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2001
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt question no I which is compulsory and FOUR more
e = 1.6 1019 Coul
m = 9.1 1031 kg
h = 6.625 1034 J-s
c = 3 108 m/s
G = universal constant of gravitation, 6.668 1011 m3/kg-s2
M = mass of the earth, 5.997 1024 kg,
r = radius of the earth, 6,378 km.
1. (a) A transistor is connected in common emitter configuration as an amplifier. The parameters
of the transistor specified are:
IB = 25 A, ICBO = 100 nA, beta = 100.
Find its IC, IE, ICEO and alpha, where symbols have their usual meaning.
8
(b) Draw a neat circuit diagram of a voltage time base generator using a negative resistance
switch. Explain its operation in free running mode. Derive an expression for its frequency of
oscillation.
8
(c) A simple full wave bridge rectifier circuit has an input voltage of 240 V a.c. r.m.s. Assume
the diodes to be ideal. Find the output d.c. current, d.c. voltage, r.m.s. values of output
currents and voltages and the peak inverse voltage that appears across the non-conducting
diode. Assume load resistance to be 10k.
8
(d) Mention the hardware interrupts in 8085 microprocessor in the order of their priority and
mention the address branched to when this interrupt occurs.
8
(e) Clearly differentiate between the following concepts :-
(i) Combinational and sequential circuits.
4
(ii) Synchronous and asynchronous counters.
4
(f) (i) Explain the meaning of information from the information theory point of view.
Explain how it is measured. How can we quantify one unit of information? Explain.
4
(ii) A source emits 4 messages m1, m2, m3, m4 with probabilities of 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 and 1/8.
Calculate the entropy of the information.
4
(g) Differentiate between the following in C programming-
(i) do-while loop and while loop
(ii) iteration and recursion.
8
(h) (i) When raw binary bits generated by the source can be transmitted in a channel, why is
source coding done which adds to complicacy of the transmission work?
4
(ii) Obtain Shannon-Fano code for the source information consisting of 5 messages m1,
m2, m3, m4 and m5 with probabilities of
1/16, 1/4, 1/8, 1/2, 1/16
4
(i) A radiating antenna operating at 25 MHz, has radiation resistance of 50 C. It is fed an r.m.s.
value of current of 10 Amp. It has a bandwidth of 500 kHz. Find its Q and the power that will
be radiated by this antenna.
8
(j) For the mechanical system shown in Fig 1 write the differential equation representing the
system. Draw an integrator based electronic circuit to simulate this mechanical system to
study the variations of x for different values of the parameters.
Symbols used have their usual meaning.

8
SECTION A
2. (a) In the circuit of Fig. 2 all the transistors are matched Si transistors. Symbols carry their usual
meaning.
(i) Find the expression of the current I in terms of I0.

3
(ii) Calculate the value of I if VC = 5 V, Re = 2 k, Vcc = 6 V and R = 2.2 k. Take VBE =
0.7 V and = 100.
2
(iii) What can be the maximum value of I ? If RC is varied between 1 k and 4 k give
the range of variation of I.
3
(b) For the amplifier circuit shown in Fig. 3, find the mid-band gain using small signal equivalent
circuit. Take early voltage of NPN transistor 95 V and that of PNP transistors as 76 V.
Forward resistance of the diode is negligible and thermal equivalent voltage, VT = 0.025 V,
is large.
(c) Explain the advantages of active load over the passive load.
3. (a) (i) Explain why bias stabilization is done in a bipolar junction transistor amplifier circuit.
4
(ii) Draw a fixed bias circuit and a self bias circuit using a. BJT and mention typical
component values and supply voltages for your circuit.
6
(iii) Briefly explain the principle of operation of fixed bias and self bias circuits using BJT
5
(iv) Compare the relative merits and demerits of fixed bias and self bias circuits using BJT
from the application point of view. Choose, with suitable reasons, the one which you
would recommend for cascaded amplifier operation.
3
(b) Assume three identical non-interacting amplifier stages are connected in cascade having an
overall upper cut-off frequency of 10 kHz and lower cut-off frequency of 10 Hz.
(i) calculate the tower and upper cut-off frequencies of individual stages.
6
(ii) Derive the equations used in solving part (i) of this question.
6
4. Binary message bits are coming serially. They are to be taken in blocks of four binary digits a3 a2 a1
a0 and coded into 7-bit binary word as a3 a2 a1 a0 c2 c1 c0, where c2, c1 and c0 satisfy the following
equations-
a3 + a2 + a1 + c2 = 0
a3 + a2 + a0 + c1 = 0
a3 + a1 + a0 + c0 = 0
(a) Draw the complete logic circuit for generating c2, c1 and c0 giving the details of S/P converter
and parity generator circuits. Explain the working of the circuit.
15
(b) If an additional parity bit CP is to be generated making total number of bits in a block (part a)
equal to eight so that number of 1s in the block are even, give the logic circuit for generation
of C, using minimum number of X-ORs.
7
(c) If the 7 parallel bits generated in part (a) are to be transmitted serially give the details of the
P/S converter such that 7-bit word is accommodated over the original 4-bit word duration.
8
5. (a) A control system is represented by the block diagram of Fig. 4. Find its characteristic
equation using block diagram reduction technique.
5
(b) Calculate its damping factor and undamped natural frequency for kv = 10.
5
(c) What should be the value of kv for critical damping?
5
(d) For kv = 10, find the expression of C(t) and obtain the time at which the first overshoot
occurs. Also find the peak-overshoot magnitude.
15
SECTION B
6. (a) Voice signal band limited to 3.4 kHz is sampled at 8 kHz and pulse code modulated using 64
quantization levels. Ten such signals time division multiplexed (TD Med) using one 5-bit
synchronizing word every alternate frame. Calculate the minimum channel bandwidth
required for transmission of the TDM signal.
15
(b) A carrier signal at 1 MHz is phase shift keyed by a rectangular polar binary signal at 64 k
bits/sec. Draw the amplitude spectrum of
(i) the polar binary signal
5
(ii) the PSK signal and explain how it is related with the spectrum of the polar binary
signal.
10
7. (a) In a F.O. Communication link optical fiber with attenuation 0.4 dB/km is used, 3 dBm
optical power is launched from the source on to the fiber. The link uses 3 splices with 1 dB
power loss in each and there comes a 1 to 10 star coupler with 3 dB coupling loss at 10 km
from the transmitter. Each of the ten receivers uses a photo-detector with 10 n W/M, bit/sec
sensitivity. What can be the maximum link length if data rate is 100 M bits/sec ?
15
(b) A 10 MHz carrier is frequency modulated using a modulating signal em = Em sin 103 t. The
resultant FM signal has frequency deviation of 5 kHz.
(i) Calculate the modulation index of the FM wave.
3
(ii) What should be the capture range of a PLL used for demodulation of this signal?
6
(iii) Derive the result of part (b).
6
8. (a) Justify, in brief, the following statements giving suitable for your answer:
(i) Transit time effect sets a limitation to the high frequency behaviour of the
conventional vacuum tubes, but it plays a vital role in the operation of klystrons.
(ii) PIN diodes are more suitable for high frequency switching applications as compared
to PN junction diodes.
(iii) Low power LASER beams are considered to be very powerful as compared to high
power ordinary light beams.
(iv) Always an attenuator is connected in the microwave experimental bench just after the
klystron tube.
(v) Prove penetration in the slotted section of a microwave bench is kept very low during
measurements, even if it decreases the pick-up signal.
35
(b) A transmission line of 72 is connected to a 100 load as shown in Fig. 5.
Find:
(i) Standing-wave ratio due to this mismatch.
3
(ii) Reflection Coefficient.
3
(iii) Ratio of the reflected and the incident powers at the load.
2
(iv) Percentage of incident power inflected from the load.
1
(v) Percentage of the incident power absorbed in the load.
1
(c) Find the optimum length of a vertical Marconi antenna for transmission of a 50 MHz signal.
Assume the velocity factor to be 0.85.
5
9. (a) Explain, in brief, the following terms used in data structure and differentiate between them-
(i) Stack and queue.
6
(ii) Sort and search.
6
(b) Write an interactive program in C language to accept the radius of a circle from the user and
to display the perimeter of the circle on the screen. Assume the value of pi = 3.14159. Write
comments in the program to explain the statements.
12
(c) Give meaning operand, number of bytes, machine cycles and T-states for the following
opcodes, used in 8085 microprocessor
LDA, JMP, POP.
6
*******
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2002
PAPER - I
Candidates should attempt any FIVE questions. All questions carry equal marks. Values of the following
constants may be used wherever necessary.
Free space permittivity = (1/36) 109 Farad/m.
Plancks constant = 6.626 1034 Joule .sec.
1. (a) Why are the temperature coefficients of resistance of conductors and semiconductors
different? Explain with reference to the parameters involved.
10s
(b) What are the important properties of the following materials which make them important in
electronics?
GaAs, Al2O3, Ruby, BaTiO3 & Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG).
Indicate their specific applications.
10
(c) What are the 2 types of capacitors used in Silicon Integrated Circuits (ICs) ? Compare these
with respect to their
(i) capacitance/area (ii) breakdown voltage VBD (iii) voltage dependence
Draw and explain their equivalent circuits.
20
2. (a) Explain and draw the capacitance vs gate voltage (CVg) characteristic of a Si NMOS device
at (i) low and (ii) high frequencies. What parameters can be determined from these
characteristics?
10
(b) What parameters determine the threshold voltage VT of a MOS device? How can VT be
controlled? What phenomena become important in short channel devices and how are the
device characteristics affected?
15
(c) A Silicon NMOS device has gate width W = 100 m (10 m), gate length L = 2 m (2 106
4
m), oxide thickness dox = 0.2 m (2 107 m), relative dielectric constant of oxide ox = 3.9
and electron mobility n = 0.08 m2/V.s.
Find the trans-conductance gm of the device in the linear region of operation for drain voltage
VD = 1 V.
15
3. (a) With mathematical expressions, define the properties stability and casuality of a system.
10
(b) Obtain the difference equation to represent the discrete time system of the figure given
below:
15
(c) For the above direct form I implementation of a Linear Time Invariant [LTI] system, derive
the direct form II implementation. Show the block diagram and point out the improvement.
15
4. (a) With sketches of waveforms, explain the four classes of Signals Mention the Fourier
representations applicable to thee 4 classes of Signals.
12
(b)
For the rectangular pulse shown in the above figure, determine the Fourier Transform of x(t)
and sketch the magnitude spectrum with respect to frequency.
20
(c) Determine the Z-transform of the signal
1, n 1
2 n0

x n 1 n 1
1, n2

0, ohterwise
Also obtain the Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) for this signal.
8
5. (a)
In the circuit shown above, the switch is opened at t 0. Find iR, iC, Vc and Vs.
15
(b) Obtain the transform impedances and admittances of
(i) a resistor with initial current
(ii) an inductor with initial current
(iii) a capacitor with initial voltage.
10
Find the Y-parameters of the circuit shown above.

15
6. (a) What is a microstrip line ? Give the expression for the characteristic impedance in terms of
its dimensions. Where does it find applications?
10
(b) When a transmission line of finite length is terminated with a load equal to its characteristic
impedance, it appears as an infinite line to the sending end source. Justify this by applying
voltage and current equations.
20
(c) A line from the transmitter output is 100 metres long and the frequency of the signal being
transmitted is 1.2 MHz. The characteristic impedance Z0 of the line is 500 ohms. Calculate
the input impedance if the remote end is (i) open (ii) shorted. Neglect losses.
10
7. (a) Explain briefly the following terms as applied to characterisation of measurement systems
(i) accuracy (ii) precision
(iii) resolution (iv) sensitivity and
(v) linearity
10
(b) Draw a neat block schematic to illustrate digital measurement of frequency. Explain the
operation of the system.
15
(c) An analog voltage signal whose highest frequency is 1 KHz is to be digitally coded with a
resolution of 0.01 per cent coveting the voltage 0-10 V. Determine
(i) the minimum sampling rate
(ii) the minimum number of bits in the digital code
(iii) the analog value of the least significant bit
(iv) the r.m.s. value of the quantization error
(v) the aperture time required for the A/D converter.
15
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2002
PAPER - II

Candidates should attempt Question No. 1 which is compulsory and FOUR more
e = 1.6 1019 coulomb
m = 9.1 1031 kg
h = 6.625 1034 J-s
c = 3 108 m/s
G = universal constant of gravitation, 6.628 1011 m3/kg-s2
M = mass of the earth, 5.997 1024 kg
r = radius of the earth, 6378 km
1. (a) Derive the transfer function of the circuit shown below and identify the function of the
circuit:
8
(b) Discuss the classification of amplifiers based on function, frequency, conduction angle, type
of coupling and load.
8
(c) (i) What are the various categories of semiconductor memories? Explain their
comparison based upon speed (access time), power requirements, cost per bit noise
immunity and packing density.
5
(ii) What determines the fan-out limitations of MOS logic circuits?
3
Resolve f(t) in terms of step, impulse and ramp functions. Also find the Laplace transform of
f(t).
8
(e) A matched filter has a frequency response given by
1 e j 2 fT
Hf
j 2 f
Determine the impulse response h(t) of the filter.
8
(f) (i) In a 4-input NAND gate, two inputs are to be used. What are the options available for
the unused inputs and which one is the best and why?
4
(ii) How will you obtain 8 to 1 MUX from 4 to 1 MUXs?
4
(g) Prove that a (n, k) linear block code of minimum distance dmin can correct up to t errors if and
only if
t 1/ 2 d min 1
8
(h) An X-band rectangular waveguide filled with a dielectric (r = 2.56) is operating at 9.5 GHz.
Calculate group and phase velocities. Also calculate the TE and TM wave impedances.
8
(i) Define loaded and unloaded Q of a parallel R-L-C circuit and show that external Q(Qe),
loaded Q(Ql) and unloaded Q(Qu) are related through
1 1 1

Qt Qe Qu
8
(j) Distinguish between:
24 = 8
(i) Local and Global variables
(ii) Call by value and Call by reference
(iii) Clock cycle, Machine cycle and instruction cycle
(iv) Instruction and Microinstruction.
SECTION A
2. (a) Draw the circuit of an astable multivibrator using p-n-p transistors, whose output is a square
wave with steep edges. Also draw the labelled waveforms at the collectors and bases of the
two transistors. Determine the frequency of the output waveform. Discuss its application as a
voltage to frequency converter.
20
(b) In an R-C coupled amplifier, shown below, the BJT has jfe = 50. All bypass and coupling
capacitors are assumed to have zero reactance at the signal frequency. Find the quiescent
conditions and draw the small-signal equivalent circuit, neglecting hoe and hre.
10
3. (a) Draw a BJT RAM cell and explain how data can be stored and retrieved from it.
24
(b) On what factors the switching speed of a BJT and a MOSFET depends?
6
4. Draw the circuit of a 2-input TFL totempole output NAND gate with the help of four transistors (a
multimeter, phase splitter, and totempole amplifier transistors).
(a) Explain the function of multimeter transistor. What is the disadvantage of using back to back
diodes in place of multimeter transistors?
(b) Explain the function of protecting diodes connected to multimeter transistor.
(c) Why the output of these gates cannot be wire-ANDed?
(d) Why this logic circuit is faster than open collector logic circuit ?
(e) What determines the fan-out limitations of this circuit?
30
5. (a)
Determine the value of k and velocity feedback constant kv so that the maximum overshoot in
the unit step response is 0.2 and the peak time is 1 sec. With these values of k and kv, obtain
the rise time and settling time.
15
(b) Consider a closed loop system whose loop transfer function is
KeTs
G s H s
s s 1
Determine the maximum value of the gain k for stability as a function of dead time T.
15
SECTION B
6. (a) Consider the signal s(t) shown below:
(i) Determine the impulse response of a filter matched to signal s(t).

(ii) Plot the matched filter output as a function of time.
(iii) What is the peak value of the output?
20
(b) Show that the input-to-output SNR gain of a matched filter depends on the product of the
input signal duration and the noise bandwidth.
10
7. (a) What ate the different types of errors in Delta modulator? How can these be removed?
10
(b) Explain the principle of operation of DPSK transmitter and receiver.
10
(c) Determine the signal-to-quantization ratio of a Delta modulator for a sinusoidal signal with a
bit rate of 64 kWs and input signal bandwidth of 4 kHz.
10
8. (a) The inside dimensions of an X-band WR 90 waveguide are a = 2.286 cm and b = 1.016 cm.
Assume that the waveguide is air-filled and operates in dominant TE10 mode, and that the air
will breakdown when the maximum electric field intensity is 3 106 V/m. Find the maximum
power that can be transmitted at f = 9 GHz in the waveguide before air breakdown occurs.
Derive all the necessary equations.
15
(b) The system noise temperature at the input of the LNA of a satellite receiver station operating
in the C-band is 450 k. If the diameter of the receiver antenna (parabolic reflector) is 30 m,
compute the earth station figure of merit.
15
9. (a) What is the difference between isolated I/O and memory - mapped I/O ? What are advantages
and disadvantages of each?
10
(b) What are the advantages of 8086 over 8085 ? What are the limitations of 8086 ?
7
(c) Explain, with example, the use of RST 6, 8085 instruction.
3
(d) With the help of block diagram, show the interfacing of a digital computer with the analog
required for the controlling arid monitoring of a physical variable (assumed to be analog).
Explain the function of its important blocks.
10
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2004
PAPER - I
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks : 200
Assume suitable data, if found necessary, and indicate them clearly.
Values of the following constants may be used wherever necessary:
Electronics charge = 1.6 1019 Coulomb.
Free space permittivity = (1/36 ) 109 Farad/m.
Plancks constant = 6.626 1034 Joule.sec.
1. (a) Draw sketches illustrating a (100) plane, a (110) plane, and a (111) plane in a cubic unit cell.
How many equivalent (100) planes are there in a cubic crystal ? A material has a face-centred
cubic structure with an ionic radius of 1.06 . Calculate the inter planar separation for (111)
planes.
15
(b) Explain the phenomenon of superconductivity. Briefly explain its salient features, mechanism
and applications.
The periphery of a copper disk 50 cm in radius and 10 mm in thickness is maintained at a
potential of 50 V. A thin rod 1 cm in radius is soldered to the disk at its centre (at right angles
to the plane of the disk) and maintained at a potential of 49 V. If the resistivity of copper is
1.7 108 m, calculate the current through the disk.
15
(c) With the help of band diagrams, properly labelled, discuss briefly an idealized metal to p-type
semiconductor contact, both for a rectifying and an ohmic contact. Why do some semi-
conducting specimens form a rectifying contact regardless of the metal used?
10
2. (a) Explain Hall effect.
An n-type germanium sample is 2 mm wide and 0.2 mm thick. A current of 10 mA is passed
through the sample (x-direction) and a field of 0.1 weber/m2 is directed perpendicular to the
current flow(z-direction). The developed Hall voltage is 1.0 mV. Calculate the Hall constant
and the number of electrons/m3.
15
(b) By drawing suitable diagrams, explain the constructional details and working of a silicon
controlled rectifier (SCR).
An a.c. voltage v=240 sin 314 t is applied to an SCR. If the SCR has a forward breakdown
voltage of 180 V, find the time during which the SCR remains off.
15
(c) What is an integrated circuit (IC) ? Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of ICs
over discrete assembly. How will you make a monolithic IC ?
10
3. (a) Using Laplace transforms, find the current, i1(t) that enters the network, given below, when
the switch is closed at t=0 with zero initial current in the inductor Numerical values of the
circuit elements are as shown.
15
(b) The switch S is kept open until steady state is reached by the network shown below. At t = 0,
S is closed
What is the voltage across inductor, vL at t=0 ? Also find i(t).
15
(c) Three small spheres each carrying a charge q are placed on the circumference of a circle of
radius r to form an equilateral triangle. Find the electric field and the potential at the centre of
the circle
4. (a) Synthesize the following impedance function in Foster-I and Causer-I forms:
15
Z s
s 2

4 s 2 25

s s2 9
(b) In the circuit shown below, with the capacitor initially uncharged, the switch S is opened for
a long time and is then closed at t = t0. Calculate the output voltage V0 at t = t0, at 25 m.sec
and at t = . Also sketch the corresponding transient
15
(c) State and prove Thevenins theorem. Determine Thevenins equivalent circuit which may be
used to represent the network shown below at terminals CD.
10
5. (a) Two identical parallel plate capacitors are connected to a battery, as shown below, with a
switch S closed. The switch is now opened and the free space between the plates of the
capacitors is filled with a dielectric of dielectric coefficient, K = 2. Find the ratio of the total
electrostatic energy stored in both capacitors before and after the introduction of the
dielectric.
15
(b) A lossless transmission line With air dielectric is 12 m long. What is the line length in
wavelengths and what is the value of phase constant, at 15 MHz ?
15
(c) By making use of necessary equations, establish that the energy stored in a plate
electromagnetic wave is equally divided between the electric and magnetic fields.
10
6. (a) What do you mean by time-base in a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) ? Explain the
operation of a circuit suitable for the generation of time-base voltage.
The deflection sensitivity of a CRO is 0.02 mm/V. If an unknown voltage is applied to the
horizontal plates, the spot shifts 4.0 mm horizontally. Find the value of the unknown voltage.
15
(b) Define a transducer. Give three examples of transducers involving different principles of
action. A strain gauge has a gain factor of 4. If this strain gauge is attached to a metal bar that
stretches from 25 cm to 25.2 cm, calculate the percentage change in its resistance. If the
unstrained value of resistance is 120 , what would be its value after strain is applied?
15
(c) You are given a 0 1 m A meter with an internal resistance of 5 . How would you extend
its range to 10 mA?
10
7. (a) A silicon abrupt p-n junction at 300 K has acceptor density, Na = 1018 cm3 and donor
density, Nd = 1015 cm3 . If the intrinsic concentration, Ni = 1.5 1010 cm3, calculate the
built-in voltage, Vi. Derive the relations used.
15
(b) Explain the distinguishing features of astable, monostable and bistable multivibrator and give
the operational details of any one of them.
15
(c) A dipole antenna having a length of 10 cm and carrying a current of 2 A at an angular
frequency of 1010 radians per second, radiates into free space. Calculate the electric field
intensity at a distance of 20 km from the antenna where the conduction field is negligible.
10
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2004
PAPER - II

Candidates should attempt Question No. I which is compulsory and FOUR more questions taking
TWO each from Section A arid Section B.
Assume suitable data, if required.

Electron charge : e = 1.6 1019 Coulomb
Electron mass : M = 9.1 1031 kg
Plancks constant : h = 6.625 1034 J-s
Velocity of light : C = 3 108 m/s
Universal constant of gravitation : G = 6.668 1011 m3/kg-s2
Mass of earth : M = 5.997 1024 kg
Radius of earth : R = 6,378 km
Permeability of vaccum : 0 = 4 107 H/m
Permittivity of vaccum : 0 = 109/36 F/m.
1. (a) Consider silicon npn transistors for the following circuit.
If vin is +1 V, what is the value of vout? If vin is changed to +3 V, what is the value of vout ?
What is the output voltage compliance (maximum voltage range that the output can swing
when the input is varied) of the circuit ?
3+2+3
(b) What is the class-D operation of power amplifier ? Draw the circuit diagram of transistorized
class-D amplifier and explain its working.
2+3+3
(c) Determine the dont care combinations in the following Boolean expression : BE BDE ,
which is a simplified version of expression
ABE BCDE BCDE ABDE BCDE
8
(d) Design a logic circuit that has inputs A, B and C whose output Y will be HIGH only when a
majority of the inputs is HIGH.
8
(e) The following experimental results were obtained from an open-loop frequency test for an
automatic control system:
rad/sec 4 5 6 8 10
Gain 0.66 0.48 0.36 0.23 0.15
Phase angle 134 143 152 167 180
Plot the locus of the loop transfer function and measure the gain and phase margin.
2+3+3
(f) Explain how frequency modulation may be obtained from a phase modulator.
Diagrammatically compare the amplitude modulation, frequency modulation and phase
modulation in respect of change in amplitude, frequency and phase when the carrier is
modulated with a step function.
8
(g) (i) Distinguish between optical horizon and radio horizon.
4
(ii) In a radio link, the repeater spacing is 40 km. Assuming identical antenna heights for
the repeater stations, compute the elevation of the antenna from the ground plane.
4
(h) Guided wavelength of a rectangular waveguide (1 D 2.286 cm 1.016 cm) is 4.42 cm. When
the waveguide is short-circuited, find the distance between two consecutive voltage minimum
positions of standing wave pattern so formed. Obtain the operating frequency of the
microwave source.
8
(i) A reflex klystron is to be amplitude modulated only. Describe, with neat diagrams and
justification, the method of such modulation.
8
(j) What are the functions of the following pins of 8085 microprocessor?
(i) READY (ii) ALE (iii) HOLD (iv) TRAP.
8
SECTION A
2. (a) Consider the following circuit:
The transistors have = 100. Determine input differential resistance Rid, overall voltage gain
v0/vi and the worst case common mode rejection ratio if the two collector resistances are
accurate to within 1%.
5+5+5
(b) Draw the circuit diagram of a Colpitts oscillator using transistor. Derive an expression for its
frequency of oscillations. Deduce the starting condition for this oscillator.
5+5+5
3. (a) Design a logic circuit for detecting equality of two 2-bit binary numbers.
5
(b) With a neat block diagram, explain the operation of 8-bit successive approximation ADC.
What is the maximum conversion time for this type of ADC ?
10
(c) Design a 4-bit binary UP / DOWN ripple counter with a control for UP/DOWN counting.
15
4. (a) A three term controller is described by the equation
1 de t
c t 20 e t 0 e t dt Td
1

Tr dt
where e(t) = system error
c(t) = controller output
Tr = reset time
Td = derivative time
This is used to control a process with transfer function
40
G s
10 s 80 800
2
unity feedback is used.

(i) If integral action is not employed, find the derivative time required to make the
closed-loop damping ratio unity.
(ii) If this value of derivative time is maintained, determine the minimum value of reset
time that can be used without instability arising.
8+7
(b) Consider the following control system
(i) Sketch the root locus diagram for 0 < K < .

(ii) Determine the value o K that gives the system characteristic equation a damping ratio
of 0.5.
10+5
5. (a) Consider the following circuit assume ideal opamps O1 and O2.
If the load resistance is 500 what is the load voltage? If the load resistance is reduced to
zero what is the load current?
5+5
(b) Using an 8038 IC waveform generator, design a pulse generator to produce a positive pulse
with pulse width of 100 micro seconds and a pulse repetition of 1 KHz. The output amplitude
is to be approximately 10 V.
10
(c) A phase lead compensator has a transfer function
1 2s
G s
2 1 s
Determine the maximum value of the phase lead and the frequency at which it occurs. Sketch
the Bode diagram for this network.
3+3+4
SECTION B
6. (a) State and .explain what is meant by G/T ratio of a satellite ground station indicating its
significance in satellite communication. How these components of the ratio are generated in
the systems ? State the methods of improving the ratio.
10
(b) Give the details of Gain/Loss budget of the up-link and down-link of the satellite system,
indicating all the system parameters controlling the budget.
10
(c) In a satellite earth station, the high power TWA delivers an output signal of 600 W at 12
GHz. The feeder line connected to the parabolic dish antenna consumes a power of 2.0 dB.
The gain of the dish antenna with respect to an isentropic antenna is 55 dB. Compute the
EIRP with reference to 1 KW.
10
7. (a) Draw a neat sketch of the plot of a rectangular waveguide for its dominant mode and
show how phase velocity and group velocity may be obtained from this curve.
10
(b) A rectangular hollow metal waveguide has internal dimensions as 2.286 cm and 1.016 cm.
Find
(i) Frequency range for single mode operation
(ii) Decay rates for next higher order modes like TE2,0 and TM1,1 at 9.00 GHz.
20
8. (a) Distinguish between
(i) High Level Language and Low Level Language
(ii) Macro-Programming and Micro-Programming
(iii) Machine Cycle and Instruction Cycle
(iv) Hardware Interrupts and Software Interrupts
(v) Memory mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/O.
15
(b) A list of ten integer numbers (both even and odd) are stored in a memory. Write an assembly
language program of 8085 to separate EVEN and ODD numbers and store them separately.
15
9. (a) In a radio broadcast transmitter, the carrier signal is sinusoidal with amplitude of 3 volt and
frequency of 15 KHz. The carrier signal is modulated by a square wave that does not have
any dc component, yet does have peak-to-peak amplitude of 2.0 volt and frequency of 2 KHz.
Write down the mathematical expressions of the carrier signal, the modulating signal and the
modulated signal. Neatly plot those waveforms as a function of time. Obtain the plots in
frequency domain as well.
10
(b) (i) Perfect matching at all three ports of a reciprocal, loss-less 3-port junction is
impossible to achieve. Do you agree ? Justify your comment.
7
(ii) Obtain the scattering matrix of a loss-less transmission line with propagating constant
and length L.
3
(c) The contents of some memory locations of an 8085 microprocessor system are shown below.
What will be the contents of H-L Pair after the execution of the program given below:
10
LHLD 3000H
MoV E, M
INX H
MoV D, M
LDAX D
MoV L, A
INX D
LDAx D
MoV H,A
Memory address Memory contents

(Hex) (Hex)
3000 02
3001 30
3002 00
3003 30
*******
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2005
PAPER - I
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 200
Assume suitable data, if found necessary and Indicate them clearly.
Values of the following constants may be used wherever Necessary:
Free space permittivity = (1/36 ) 109 Farad/m;
Velocity of light in free space 3 108 m/sec.
Boltzmann constant 1.38 1023 Joule/K.
1. (a) For a dielectric, establish an expression for the relationship between the polarizability and
permittivity. How does this relation lead to Clausius-Mosotti equation ?
15
(b) What are superconductors ? Explain the Meissner effect. Show that perfect diamagnetism and
zero resistivity are two independent properties of the superconducting state.
15
15 3
(c) A Si wafer is doped with 10 phosphorus atoms cm . Find the carrier concentration and
Fermi level at room temperature (300o K), assume Nc = 2.8 1019/cm3 at 300 K. Explain the
concept of Fermi level.
10
2. (a) A bipolar transistor has two junctions either one of which may be forward or reverse-biased.
Therefore, we have four modes of operations normal, cut-off, saturation and inverse region.
With the help of Ebers-Moll equations model the transistor circuit with a single Set of
equations describing these four regions.
15
(b) When a current is passed through a semiconductor and a magnetic field is applied at right
angles to the direction of the current flow, it is observed that an electric field is induced in a
direction mutually perpendicular to the magnetic field and the flow of current. Name this
phenomenon and calculate the voltage developed.
15
(c) It is desired to operate the JFET shown in fig. below at VGS = 1.0 V, VDS = 4.0 V and IDS = 1
mA. Determine the value RD and RS.
10
3. (a) Determine the Fourier transform of the signal shown in the following fig.
15
(b) Find the Fourier transform of the half-sinusoid given below:

15
(c) Determine the Z transform of the signal:

x(n) = nu(n) = n n0
=0 n0
10
4. (a) In the circuit shown below, using the superposition theorem, determine the currents in the
various resistors and the voltage source.
15
(b) Prove that Nortons theorem is dual of the Thevenins theorem. Using Thevenins theorem, in
the network shown below, find the magnitude of the current in the resistor Rg.
(c) Design a delay line using T-sections with characteristic impedance R0 = 600 , total delay
time of 1..5 s and rise time of 0.4 s.
10
5. (a) Discuss the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation along a rectangular wave guide and
obtain the conditions for the propagation of wave.
15
(b) Explain Poyntings vector and establish the relation

P EH
where the quantities have their usual meanings.
15
(c) A transmission line has a series inductance of 0.56 mH and a capacitance of 0.1 F per km. If
the losses due to conductor resistance and insulation leakage are negligible, calculate the
characteristic impedance and phase velocity.
10
6. (a) Describe Andersons bridge for measuring low resistance. What are its advantage over
Maxwells bridge used for the same purpose ?
15
o
(b) A copper-constantan thermocouple was found to have linear caliberation between 0 to 400 C,
with emf at maximum temperature (reference junction at 0oC) equal to 20.68 mV. Determine:
(i) The correction which must be made to the indicated emf if the cold junction
temperature is 25oC.
(ii) If the indicated emf is 8.92 mV in the thermocouple circuit, determine the temperature
of the hot junction.
15
(c) A freshman student of electrical engineering wanted to calibrate a power meter. He recorded
the current flowing through a resistor (value marked as 0.0105 ), as 30.4A. Lateron, a
second year student discovered that the ammeter reading taken by the freshman was lower by
1.2% and the value marked on the resistor was 0.3% lower. Find the true value of the power
as a percentage of the power calculated by the freshman.
10
7. (a) Establish the condition of population inversion in LASERS. How would you justify the
presence of negative exponent in the expression ?
15
(b) What is a thermistor ? Describe its working and its important characteristics.
15
(c) The intrinsic resistivity of Germanium at room temperature is 0.47 -cm. The electron and
hole mobilities at room temperature are 0.39 and 0.19 m2/V-s respectively. Calculate the
density of electrons in the intrinsic semiconductor. Also calculate the drift velocities of these
charge carriers for a field of 10 kV/m.
10
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2005
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt Question No. 1 which is compulsory and FOUR
more questions taking TWO each from Section A and Section B.
Some useful constants are given below :
Velocity of light : c = 3 108 m/s
V0
1. (a) Determine the voltage gain Av for the amplifier circuit shown below. Vi is the input
Vi
voltage between the gate terminal and ground. Neglect all capacitances.
8
(b) Find the gains of the OP-AMP circuit for the two states of the gain-select input. The
bilateral switch in the ON state has negligible resistance.
8
(c) The impulse response of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system is g(t). Determine the condition
on bounded-output (BIBO) stable with zero initial conditions.
8
(d) An HF transmitter used in binary communication system has a peak power limited to 1 kW.
The power loss in the channel is 60 dB and the noise power at the receiver input is 104 watts.
Find Pe for non-coherent ASK and coherent PSK signalling schemes. Assume maximum
signalling rate and equiprobable message bits.
8
(e) A single mode step index fibre with a core refractive index of 1.49 has a critical bending
radius of 10.4 mm when illuminated with light at a wavelength of 1.3 microns. If the cutoff
wavelength of the fibre is 1.15 microns, calculate its relative refractive index difference.
8
(f) The carrier frequency of an uplink is 6 GHz. The transmitting earth station EIRP is 80 dBW.
The satellite receiver is 8 dB/K and the transmission losses are 0.6 dB. Determine the CNR
at the satellite receiver input for an earth station-to-satellite distance of 35,860 km.
8
(g) What is the measured frequency on a wave-guide slotted line if the distance between adjacent
minima is 1.27 cm and the width dimension of the wave-guide is 2.286 cm?
8
(h) Specify the register contents and the flag status as the following instructions are executed.
Also indicate the output at PORT O.
8
A B S Z CY
OO FF 0 1 0
Initial Contents
MVI A, F2H
MVI B, 7AH
ADD B
OUT PORT O
HLT
(i) Two identical silicon transistors with
= 50, VBE = 0.7 V at T = 25oC
VCC = 20.7 V, R1 = 10 k and RC = 5 k are used in the circuit shown.
(1) Find the currents I B1 , I B2 , I C1 , I C2 at T = 25oC
(2) Find I C2 at T = 175o C when = 98 and VBE = 0.22 V.
4+4
(j) Draw the simplest possible logic diagram that implements the output of the logic diagram
shown below :
8
SECTION A
2. (a) Explain the operation of the Circuit shown below What type of signal does it produce ?
Determine the frequency of the output signal. How can we change the frequency of the signal
to 10 kHZ ?
15
(b) The base width of a germanium pnp transistor is 5 microns. At room temperature and for a dc
emitter current of 2 mA, determine
(i) emitter resistance (ii) alpha cutoff frequency
(iii) emitter diffusion capacitance, and
(iv) the base transit time.
Given for germanium :
Dp = 47 cm2/s
Dn = 99 cm2/s
n = 3800 cm2/V-s
p = 1800 cm2/V-s
3. (a) (i) Consider a D flip-flop that triggers only on positive going transitions. Write its truth
table and draw the output at Q for given D-input and clock waveforms as shown.
10
(ii) How can a D flip-flop be implemented using a JK flip-flop?

(b) Consider the circuit shown. Initially all the flip-flop outputs X, Y and Z are in the 0 state
before the clock pulses are applied. Determine and sketch the waveforms at Z, Y, X and W
for eight cycles of the clock input.
15
4. (a) Construct a signal flow graph for the following equations and evaluate y5/y1 :
y2 = a12y1 + a32y3
y3 = a23y2 + a43y4
y4 = a24y2 + a34y3 + a44y4
y5 = a25y2 + a45y4
15
(b) The characteristic equation of a closed loop control system is
s3 + 3Ks2 + (K+2)s + 4 = 0
Find the range of K for which the system is stable. Show all steps clearly.
15
5. (a) Construct a 4-input multiplexer using four 3-input AND gates, an OR-gate and three
inverters. Show the input, output, select lines, and write a table showing the outputs for
various select inputs.
10
(b) Consider a mechanical system as shown. Write the force equations and draw a fully labelled
state diagram.
10
(c) An amplifier with an open loop voltage gain of 500 delivers 10 W of output power at 5%
second harmonic distortion when the input signal is 5 mV. If 20dB negative voltage is to
remain 10 W, determine
(i) the required input signal strength, and
(ii) the percent second harmonic distortion.
10
SECTION B
6. (a) The transmitting antenna beam width of a geosynchronous satellite (35860 km from the
surface of the earth) is 0.1o. Assuming a circular spot coverage, determine the area of the spot
illuminated by the antenna on the earths surface.
15
(b) Define Fresnel Zone and derive an expression for the first Fresnel Zone radius. A microwave
radio-link operating at 8 GHz covers a distance of 80 km. Determine the mid path clearance
needed to coincide with the first Fresnel Zone.
15
7. (a) A TWT operates on a beam current = 50mA, beam voltage = 2.89 kV, characteristic
impedance of the helix = 6.0 , Circuit length 40, frequency 9 GHz. Determine :
15
(i) the gain parameter,
(ii) the output power gain in dB,
(iii) the four propagation constants, and
(iv) the wave equations for all modes in exponential form
4 2
(b) The impedance matrix of a certain lumped element network is Zij . Determine its
2 4
scattering matrix. State the properties of the scattering matrix both in word statement and in
mathematical form.
15
8. (a) Write a program to count from 0 to 20H with a delay of 100 ms between each count. After
the count 20H, the counter should reset itself and repeat the sequence. Use register pair DE as
a delay register. Show your calculations to set up 100 ms delay. The clock period is 3255 ns.
10
(b) Write instructions to clear the CY flag, to load a number FFH in register C and to add 01 to
(C). If otherwise display the contents of register C.
10
9. (a) Compare TDM and FDM techniques (at least 8 points, in the form of a table).
10
(b) Calculate the gain of an X-band open ended rectangular wave-guide radiator at a frequency of
9 GHz. The wave-guide dimensions are 0.9 0.4.
10
(c) (i) What is the difference between cycle stealing DMA and interleaved DMA ? What is
meant by block transfer DMA ?
5
(ii) A transmitter is sending ASCII-Coded data to a receiver with an Odd-Parity bit.
Show the actual codes when the transmitter is sending the message HELLO.
5
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2006
PAPER - I
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 200
INSTRUCTIONS
Assume suitable data, if necessary, and indicate them clearly.
Values of the following constants may be used wherever necessary.
1. (a)
Derive the equation of a cylindrical capacitor in terms of the radii of core sheet and length. In
the circuit given in the above figure find the potential difference between A and C and B and
C, under steady state conditions.
15
2
(b) In intrinsic Ga As, the electron and hole mobilities are 0.85 and 0.04 m /V-S respectively and
corresponding effective masses are 0.068 mo and 0.5 mo respectively, where mo is the rest
mass of an electron. If the energy gap of Ga As at 3000 K is 1.43 eV, calculate the intrinsic
carrier concentration and conductivity. mo 9.11 1028 gm.
15
(c) Derive the Clausius-Mossotti relation between atomic polarisability & dielectric constant for
a dielectric material.
10
2. (a) Sketch the variation of the density of states function, Fermi Dirac probability distribution
function and electron and hole concentration for n-type silicon where Nd = 1017/c.c. and Na =
1016/c.c. Write down the condition for charge neutrality in a compensated semiconductor at T
= 300 K.
In an n-type semiconductor at T = 3000 K, the electron concentration varies linearly from 2
1018 to 5 1017 per c.c. over a distance of 1.5 mm and the diffusion current density is 360
A/cm2. Find the mobility of electrons.
15
(b) Discuss the constructional features of a thyristor. Discuss how the two transistor equivalent of
a thyristor can be used to explain the turn-ON switching. Mention why a controlled rectifier
cannot be fabricated using Germanium.
The thyristor shown in the above figure has a holding current of 100 mA and a latching
current of 250 mA. If the forward voltage drop across the thyristor from the instant of
commencement of gate pulse is zero, then find the minimum value of gate pulse duration
necessary to ensure turn-ON.
15
(c) Draw and explain the drain and transfer characteristics of a p-channel enhancement type
MOSFET. What is meant by threshold voltage ? Discuss three different ways by which the
threshold voltage can be reduced.
10
3. (a) Determine the convolution of the following pair of signals by means of the z-transform
1 n
x1 n 1/ 4 u n 1 , x2 n 1 u n .
n
2
(b)
Express the signal of the above figure in terms of standard signals and hence determine the
Laplace transform of the signal in the figure. State the properties of Laplace transforms used
in this process.
15
(c) State and prove time shifting property of Fourier Transforms.
10
4. (a)
Derive the Thevenin equivalent circuit as seen from the terminal-pair (A, B), for the network
shown in the above figure. Hence compute the current iL(t) and power PL in the 4 ohm
resistance.
15
In the network shown in the above figure, the impedance matrix of 2-port is given as:
2 1
s 1
Z s 1
1 6
s 1 s 1
with RS = 2 and RL = 1.
Determine the zero-state response v2 to a unit step input.
15
(c) Draw an oriented graph whose node-to-branch incidence matrix Aa is given by:
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

Aa 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
and obtain fundamental circuit (tie-set) matrix for this graph.
5. (a) A uniform transmission line has constants R = 24 103 ohms/m, G = 2.1 106 ohms/m, L
= 1.5 106. Henry/m and C = 1.4 109 Farads/m. Find the characteristic impedance of the
transmission line at a frequency of 14 kHz.
15
(b)
What is meant by the term cavity resonator? Write the expression for the resonant wavelength
of a TE mode. Sketch the electric and magnetic field configurations in square wave cavity
resonator with TE110 mode. Show also the variation of Ey and Hz field components across the
centre line of the cavity.
15
(c) Find the wavelength and phase velocity for propagation through copper at a frequency of 50
MHz if = 4 107 Henry/m and = conductivity = 5.8 107 mho/m.
10
6. (a) A unity ratio d.c. Wheatstone bridge network has two matched resistive transducers working
in push pull fashion and making two of the arms. Show that the bridge unbalance voltage is
twice that of the bridge using only one transducer.
15
(b) Draw the schematic diagram of a successive approximation ADC. Explain its working.
15
(c) A resistive strain gauge with a gauge factor 2 is fastened to a steel bar subject to a stress of
1050 kg/cm2. The modulus of elasticity of steel is 2.1 106 kg/cm2. Calculate the change in
the resistance (R) of the strain gauge element due to the applied stress.
10
7. (a) What are vericap capacitors ? How does it vary with applied voltage? Determine the
transition capacitance of a diffused junction vericap diode at reverse potential of 4.2 V, if C(0)
= 80 pF and VT=0.7 V.
15
(b) Derive the equation for gauge factor of a resistive strain gauge in terms of Poisson ratio.
15
(c) An alloyed junction is formed by melting a pellet of indium on to an n-type Si of conductivity
200 (m)1. If the conductivity of the alloyed regrown region is 3.6 104 (m)1 and
intrinsic carrier concentration of Si is 15 1016/m3, determine the built in voltage at 27C.
The mobility of electrons and holes are 0.135 and 0.048 m2/V-S respectively.
10
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2006
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt Question No. I which is compulsory
and FOUR more questions taking TWO each from Section A and Section B
1. (a) For the circuits shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, sketch and explain the output waveforms. Assume
the diodes to be ideal.
8
(b) What do you understand by thermal resistance of a BJT? Explain its significance. To ensure
thermal stability of a BJT, it is necessary that VCE < 1/2 VCC. Justify by drawing the load line
and the constant power curves of the BJT.
8
(c) Use the K-map to simplify the expression
x ABC BC AB
8
(d) An analog voltage signal whose highest significant frequency is 1 kHz is to be digitally
encoded with a resolution of 0.0l percent covering the voltage range 010 V. To avoid loss of
information, determine
(i) the minimum sampling rate;
(ii) the minimum number of bits in the digital code,
(iii) the analog value of the least significant bit;
(iv) the r.m.s. value of the quantization noise;
(v) the aperture time required for the A/D converter;
(vi) the dynamic range of the A/D converter in dB.
Suggest a suitable method of A/D conversion with reason.
8
(e) State and explain the terms gain margin and phase margin. With neat sketches, explain
how you can obtain gain margin and phase margin from Nyquist diagram and Bode plot.
8
(f) A 25 m long centre-fed vertical dipole has a half power point E field of 2 mV/m at 1 km
distance. Calculate the transmitted power and the corresponding H field at 600 kHz. Also find
the radiation efficiency, if its loss resistance is 1.5 ohms.
8
(g) An optical fiber cable has a core of 1.45 refractive index and 10 m diameter, with a
fractional index difference of 0.3%. Determine the numerical aperture, permissible
wavelengths for single-mode and multi-mode operations, acceptance and critical angles.
8
(h) An amplifier has a noise figure of 4 dB, a bandwidth of 500 kHz and an input resistance of 50
. Calculate the input signal voltage needed to yield an output SNR = 1 when the amplifier is
connected to a signal source of 50 at 290 K.
(i) A memory system contains a cache, a main memory and a virtual memory. The access time
of the cache is 5 ns and it has an 80 percent hit rate. The access time of the main memory is
100 ns and it has a 99.5 percent hit rate. The access time of the virtual memory is 10 ms.
What is the average access time of the hierarchy?
8
(j) How is subtraction done by ALU using -
(i) ones complement;
(ii) twos complement?
Illustrate with examples.
4+4
SECTION A
2. (a) The amplifier given in Fig. 3 uses an OPAMP. Assume its input impedance to be infinity,
V0
output impedance to be zero and finite differential gain A .
V1 V2
V0
(i) Obtain the expression for the feedback gain, A f
Vs
(ii) Calculate Af, if A .
10
(b) Determine the input power, output power and efficiency resulting in a class-B push-pull
amplifier providing a signal of 20 V peak to a 16 load, using a single supply of VCC = 30 V.
10
(c) Explain the principle of operation of the short-circuit overload protection circuit shown in
Fig. 4. Find the limiting current IS and the current that will flow under the short- circuit
condition in the load. Assume r0 = 0.
Assuming D1 and D2 to be silicon diodes with V 1 V 2 0.7volt and T1 to be a silicon
transistor having VBE(active) = 0.7 V, calculate the values of IS and maximum load current , if
RS = 10 , Vi = 15 volts and R3 = 100 .
10
3. (a) What two types of input does a clocked FF have ? Explain. What is meant by edge-
triggering? Define set-up time and hold-time for a clocked FF.
10
(b) A flip-flop is shown in Fig. 5. Explain its operation and construct a truth table to characterize
its performance.
10
(c) Draw a circuit of CMOS NOR gate and explain its complete operation.
10
4. (a) Find the value of gain k for the feedback control system shown in Fig. 6, such that the system
will be Underdamped and will respond with 16% overshoot.
Then calculate the following parameters of the system:
15
(i) Undamped natural frequency, n
(ii) Damping ratio,
(iii) Time required to reach the first maximum or peak, Tp
(iv) Time required for the transient to reach within 2% of the steady-state value, i.e.,
settling time, Ts
(v) Damped natural frequency, d.
(b) Using the root-locus technique, discuss the stability of unity feedback first-order and second-
order control systems of gain k.
15
5. (a) Draw the asymptotic Bode diagram for
103 s 20
G s
s 2 210 s 2000
and determine the value of G(j1000).
10
(b) What are the effects of negative voltage series feedback on the characteristics of an
amplifier? Derive an expression for input resistance of such an amplifier with feedback in
terms of input resistance without feedback and feedback factor.
12
(c) For the bias circuit shown in Fig. 7, determine the value of RB to yield an operating point at
IC = 5 mA. Assume 0=60, VEB=0.7V, RC=500, RE=100 and VCC = 6V.
What is one advantage and one limitation of this type of biasing?

8
SECTION B
6. (a) An FSK system transmits binary data at the rate of 25 106 bits per second. During the
course of transmission, white Gaussian noise of zero mean and power spectral density 1020
watt per hertz is added to the signal. In the absence of noise, the amplitude of the received
sinusoidal wave for digit 1 or 0 is 1 microvolt. Determine the average probability of symbol
error, assuming coherent detection.
[You may use the approximation erf c u

].
exp u 2
u
15
(b) Determine the internal noise power (Pn) of a microwave amplifier operating with a bandwidth
of 500 MHz and a specified noise figure of 2.5 dB.
5
(c) Why is companding used in PCM transmission ? Discuss the two common companding laws
and explain how they are used with analog and digital companding.
10
7. (a) A uniform linear array of 16 elements has a quarter wavelength spacing between successive
elements and a progressive phase difference of a. Determine its normalized array factor, half-
power beam width, directivity, actual values of first and second side-lobe levels in dB, if =
90. What happens to these results if = 0?
15
(b) A 2-cavity klystron operates at 4GHz, with a beam voltage of 900 V, beam current of 20 mA
and a cavity gap spacing of 15 mm each. Find the beam coupling coefficients, depth of
velocity modulation, maximum and minimum velocities of electrons leaving the input gap,
and the input gap voltage at maximum output condition, for a drift spacing of 3 mm. What
are reentrant cavities ? Sketch and explain their significances.
15
8. (a) Calculate the received electric field strength of a tropospheric wave at 50 km distance, if the
field strength of the directly transmitted wave is 0.1 V/cm at 500 MHz. The transmitting and
receiving antenna heights are 100 m and 20 m respectively.
Derive the relations used. What approximations can be used here ?
15
(b) A relay satellite at 40000 km height, has an antenna of 30 cm diameter, for an uplink
frequency of 6 GHz transmitted from an earth station paraboloid of 20 m diameter. If both
antennas and the ground transmitter power is 10 kW, estimate (in dB) the power received at
the satellite receiver, path loss and EIRP for earth station. Derive the formula used.
What is the significance of G/T ratio for earth station ?
15
9. (a) A system is designed to monitor the temperature of a furnace and uses 8085 A
microprocessor. Temperature readings are recorded in 16 bits and stored in memory locations
starting at XX60 H. The high order byte is stored first and the low order byte is stored in the
next consecutive memory location. However, the high order byte of all the temperature
readings is constant. Write an assembly language program to transfer low order readings to
consecutive memory locations starting at XX80 H and discard the high order bytes.
10
(b) A system has 48-bit virtual addresses, 36-bit physical addresses and 128 MB of main
memory. If the system uses 4096-byte pages, how many virtual and physical pages can the
address space support ? How many page frames of main memory are there?
10
(c) Which simple data structure you may use for representing a directed graph ? What is it called
and how it works ? Show that the number of edges in a unidirectional fully n(nl) connected
n n 1
directed graph with n nodes is .
2
3+3+4
*******
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2007
PAPER - I
Assume suitable data, if found necessary, and indicate the same clearly.
Values of the following constants may be used wherever necessary
1. (a) Show that the dielectric loss in a medium is proportional to the imaginary part of the complex
dielectric constant.
15
(b) Define carrier mobility. Draw a graph showing the variation of carrier mobility in a
semiconductor with increasing temperature.
A 100-ohm resistor is to be made at room temperature in a rectangular silicon bar of 1 cm in
length and 1 mm2 in cross-sectional area by doping it appropriately with phosphorous atoms.
If the electron mobility in silicon at room temperature be 1350 cm2/V. sec, calculate the
dopant density needed to achieve this. Neglect the insignificant contribution by the intrinsic
carriers.
15
(c) A material has = 10 siemens/meter and = 30. At what frequency (Hz) will the
2
displacement current equal the conduction current?

10
2. (a) Draw a neat sketch of the terminal drain-current versus drain-voltage characteristics of an n-
channel enhancement mode MOSFET and explain the characteristics.
15
(b) Indicate whether the -value of a BJT increases or decreases with increase in the values of
the following parameters:
(i) base width.
(ii) minority carrier lifetime in the base region.
(iii) temperature.
(iv) collector current.
(v) collector voltage.
15
(c) In the circuit shown in Fig. 2 (c), what would be the minimum value of such that the
transistor is in saturation ? Assume VCE sat = 0.2V.
10
3. (a) Determine the response of the system

5 1
y n y n 1 y n 2 x n
6 6
to the input signal
1
x n n n 1 .
3
15
(b) Explain the condition of BIBO stability of a system in the Z-domain.
A linear time-invariant. system is characterized by the system function:
3 4 z 1
H z
1 3.5 z 1 1.5 z 2
Specify the region of convergence (ROC) and determine h(n), when
(i) the system is stable
(ii) the system is causal.
15
n
(c) The impulse response of a relaxed linear time-invariant system is h(n) = a u(n) with |a| < 1.
Determine the value of the step response as n .
10
6
4. (a) A signal generator with terminal voltage v 10 sin (2. 10 t) and internal resistance of 1 ohm
is supplying power to a variable load. Calculate:
(i) the maximum rms power that the generator can generate,
(ii) the maximum rms power that the generator can deliver to an external load,
(iii) the rms power that it generates when delivering maximum power to the load.
15
(b) Find the current through the 5-ohm resistor in the circuit shown in Fig. 4(b).
15
(c) State and explain the Superposition Theorem.
10
5. (a) The switch, S, jn the circuit shown in Fig. 5(a) is open for a long time. At t = 0, S, is closed
connecting the voltage source to the circuit. For t> 0, obtain the voltage vc across the
capacitor.
15
V2 s
(b) Find the transfer function H s for the network shown in Fig. 5(b). What is the
V1 s
order of the system?
15
(c) Obtain resonant frequency of the circuit shown in Fig. 5(c). Given L = 0.1 H, RL = 10, C =
10 F and Rc = 2 k.
10
6. (a) Write down Maxwells equations for time-varying fields in both the differential and the
integral forms. Also write down the word statements of these equations from the
mathematical statements in the integral form.
8+7
(b) The electric field of a plain wave is given by:

E 10 cos 109 t 30 z y v /m
where y is the unit vector along the y-direction.

Determine
(i) the magnetic field, H
(ii) the phase velocity, vp
(iii) dielectric constant, r of the medium when = 0.
15
(c) A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 50 and is terminated by a load
impedance of (75 j50). Calculate:
(i) the reflection coefficient
(ii) the standing-wave ratio.
10
7. (a) Explain, using a heat block schematic, why delay lines are used in the vertical deflection
circuit of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). Name at least two types of delay lines used in a
CRO.
15
(b) What is the difference between accuracy and precision of a measuring instrument ? Define
sensitivity of a voltmeter.
When a voltmeter is connected across either of the two 100 k resistors in Fig. 7(b), it shows
a reading of 90 V when it should have shown 100 V. Explain clearly why this is happening.
Also calculate the internal resistance of the voltmeter being used.
15
(c) The output of an LVDT is connected to a 5 V voltmeter through an amplifier having an

amplification factor of 250. An output of 2 mV appears across the terminals of the LVDT
when the core, moves through a distance of 0.5 mm Calculate the sensitivity of the LVDT
and that of the whole set up. The millivoltmeter scale has 100 divisions. The scale can be
read to of a division. Calculate the resolution of the instrument in mm.
10
I.E.S-(Conv.)-2007
PAPER - II
Candidates should attempt Question No. 1 which is compulsory and FOUR
more questions taking TWO each from Section A and Section B.
1. (a) Arrange the following A/D converters in order of increasing speed of operation :
(i) Successive approximation
(ii) Dual-slope
(iii) Flash
(iv) Single-slope
An 8-bit successive approximation type A/D converter uses a clock frequency of 1 MHz.
Calculate the conversion time of the converter.
Why is a dual-slope A/D converter preferred in a digital voltmeter?
8
(b) The circuit shown simulates the relation V0 2V1 3V2 . Determine the value of R
8
(c) A partially filled truth table of a sequence generator (3 D flip-flops in cascade) is given
below. Complete the table and find the sequence generated:
8
MSB LSB
State Q2 Q1 Q0
1 1 0 0
4 1
5 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
(d) A certain D/A converter has the lowest and highest values of resistances 1 k and 8 k,
respectively. If the bit length of the converter is increased by 2, what would be the number of
additional resistors and their values? Draw a neat circuit of the converter. What is the
drawback of such a converter?
8
(e) A unity feedback system has a forward Loop transfer function:
k
G s
s 1 s 4
3
Determine:
(i) the range of k for closed-Loop system stability,
(ii) the frequency of oscillations when the system is marginally stable.
8
(f) The bit rate in the 1st level CCIT multiplexer output is 2.048 Mbps. It contains 30 voice
samples of 8-bit each sampled at Nyquist rate of 8 kHz. Calculate the control bits per frame.
If this signal is transmitted using 16-QAM, calculate the baud rate.
8
(g) For a standard voice band communication channel, the signal-to-noise ratio is 30 dB and
transmission bandwidth is 3 kHz. What will be the Shannon limit for information in bits/s ?
(Given 3.32 log10a = log2a)
What is the equivalent noise temperature if the cascaded system is held at an environmental
temperature of 290K?
8
(h) Draw the velocity field characteristics of an n-type GaAs Gunn diode and show the region of
negative differential mobility. An n-type GaAs Gunn diode has the following parameters:
Thershold field Eth = 3 kV/cm
Applied field E = 3.4 kV/cm
Device length L = 12 m
Doping concentration n0 = 1 104 cm3
Operating frequency f = 12 GHz.
Determine:
(i) the electron drift velocity.
(ii) negative electron velocity.
8
(i) A slotted line is terminated by different types of microwave load.
Draw the voltage standing wave setup within rectangular waveguide when it is terminated by
the following types of load:
(i) shorted load (ii) Matched load
Hence determine the value of VSWR of shorted load and matched load.
In a shorted line measurement at 10 GHz, VSWR is found to be 15 and the characteristic
impedance of the guide is 50 .
What will be the magnitude of reflection coefficient?
8
(i) (i) If x = 111.101 and y = 101.110 (both in binary), calculate x + y and
x y
by 2s complement method.
y x
(ii) Calculate the exact number of comparisons (i.e., execution of conditional statement)
required for sorting an array of n elements by bubble sort.
8
SECTION A
2. (a) Minimum 3 identical RC high-pass sections connected in cascade are required in a phase-
shift oscillator. Justify. One such phase-shift oscillator is shown below. Why is R of one
section connected to virtual ground instead of actual ground?
Determine the value of Rf.

What should be the next higher number of high-pass sections connected in cascade? Draw the
corresponding circuit of the oscillator. Component values are not required.
15
(b) Give pin numbers for the Trigger and Threshold of the timer 555.
In the circuit shown, assume V0 = 12 V and 0 as possible outputs for V0.
Draw the waveforms for the voltages V0 and Vi.
Determine the frequency of V0 waveform and the duty- cycle.
15
3. (a) A synchronous counter uses JK flip-flops and gives outputs (Q2 Q1 Q0) in the sequence 000,
010, 101, 110 and resets to 000 from all unused states. Determine the J1 and K1 inputs to the
Q1 flip-flop.
10
(b) Simplify the logic function:
f A, B, C , D A AC ABC ABCD ABCD
Draw the corresponding logic circuit.

10
(c) Draw the circuit of a 2-input X-OR gate using CMOS transistors and explain its operation.
10
4. (a) A system is represented by the signal flow graph as shown in the figure. The variable T is the
torque and E is the error. Determine
(i) the overall transfer function, if k1= 5, k2 = 1 and k3 = 5.
(ii) the sensitivity of the system to changes in k2 for =0.
10
(b) A closed-loop system is represented by

d 2c dc
2
4.8 144e
dt dt
where, e = r 0.5c is the actuating signal. Find the value of the damping ratio, damped and
undamped frequency of oscillations. Draw the block diagram of the system.
10
(c) A system employing a proportional and an error-rate control is shown in the figure. Determine
(i) the error-rate factor ke, so that the damping ratio is 0.5;
(ii) the settling time, maximum overshoot and steady-state error for unit ramp input.
10
5. (a) In the circuit shown, the two transistors are matched. Find an expression for I1 in terms of IC1
and .
Assume VBE = 0.6 V and to be very large, calculate I1 and I2.
Calculate IC1 , when = 20.
10
(b) Design a simple logic Circuit such that the output is 1 when the binary number ABCD is
greater than 0110.
10
(c) (i) For the system shown in the figure, obtain the values of k and a, to satisfy, Mr = 1.04
and r = 11.55 rad/sec.
(ii) A unity feedback system has an open-loop transfer function

10 s 1
G s
s s 2 s 5
Determine the steady-state error for r(t) = 3 + 10t.
6+4
SECTION B
6. (a) An SI fiber has NA = 0.173 and supports 400 modes at a wavelength of 1.3 u. Calculate its
core area. To what value its core area should be reduced so that it is single-mode fiber at
1.3 m?
10
(b) For a 100 km FO link, fibers with 10 km unit lengths and having attenuation loss of 0.4
dB/km are used. Connector which is used between two unit lengths is having 1 dB loss. If the
receiver sensitivity is 10 nW/Mbps, calculate the maximum bit rate so that only one repeater
is used in the link. Assume one connector loss at fiber receiver coupling. Power launched
onto the fiber is 0 dBm.
10
(c) Consider a rectangular RF pulse of duration T given as
t cos 2 f ct 0t T
0 elsewhere
Draw the pulse for fc = 5/T. If the pulse energy is 103 joules, find the duration of the pulse.
Show that the impulse response of a filter matched to this (t) is same as (t).
10
7. (a) Explain the following parameters used to characterize a directional coupler:
(i) Coupling coefficient
(ii) Directivity
(iii) Isolation
What will be the value of directivity and isolation for an ideal directional coupler?
An X-band directional coupler has a coupling coefficient of 10 dB. What will be the output
power in the main branch if the input power is 20 mW?
15
(b) Draw the block diagram for microwave setup for measuring the frequency of an X-band
microwave signal employing slotted line technique. Write the procedural steps including
mention of any formula to be followed for measurement. What is the alternative technique for
microwave frequency measurement?
15
8. (a) What are the important elements involved in a micro processor based system for the
measurement and monitoring of a temperature of a liquid contained in a furnace ? Draw the
block diagram for this setup (which should include blocks like transducer, actuator, etc.) and
explain the salient features of each of its blocks.
20
(b) For an 8085 microprocessor
(i) write an instruction to left shift 16-bit data stored in 16-bit register pair.
(ii) what should generally be the first instruction for an assembly language program
containing CALL instruction(s) ? What is its significance ?
(iii) an assembly language program is given below:
MVI A, B5H
MVI B, 0EH
XRI 69 H
ADD B
ANI 9BH
CPI 9FH
STA 3010H
HLT
What is the status of carry and zero flags after the execution of the program?
10
9. (a) A source emits seven symbols x1, x2,, x7 with probabilities 0.35, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.04,
0.005, 0.005 respectively. Give Huffman ceding for these symbols and calculate average bits
of information and average binary digits of information per symbol.
10
(b) Examine whether the following modes propagate inside an air-filled rectangular waveguide
of dimension 7.21 cm 3.40 cm operating at 5 GHz:
TE01,TM11 and TE30
Find out the velocity of TE10 mode of propagation. Waveguide can be treated as a high-pass
filter at microwave frequency. Justify.
10
(c) What should be the minimum number of instructions by which one can achieve all possible
operations in a high-level programming language like PASCAL/C ? Mention them with one
example each.
10
*******

IES - Electronics Conventional Papers - I &amp; II 1980 - 2007

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IES - Electronics Conventional Papers - I &amp; II 1980 - 2007

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I.E.S-(Conv.

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(iii) f(ABC) = [A B AB] [A C AC]

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Make a correct statement of the theorem represented in the given form.

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

where >1 and <1.

(b) Explain/Elaborate any five of the following:

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(b) What do the following mean :

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Find the quiescent current ID.

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Fig. Schematic diagram of a CMOS OPAMP.

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

where m and e are electronic mass and charge respectively.

7. (a) A lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 is terminated at one end in a

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Repeat part a if a 2 K emitter resistor is added to the circuit as shown in Fig.(b).

2. (a) How is a FET used as a VVR (voltage variable resistance)? Explain.

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

7. (a) A television transmitting antenna mounted at a height of 120m, radiates 15 kW of power

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(Question No. 1 is compulsory)

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(b) A dipole antenna with a length of 10 cm and carrying a current of 1 A at a frequency of

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 200

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(b) For the JFET in the circuit of Fig 2b:

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Time allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 200

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(f) The equation of and amplitude modulated wave is given as

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

The h-parameters of the transistor are:

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(i) Determine the numerical value of T.

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 200

(i) Determine the generator matrix G.

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(f) Synthesize the two Foster networks for

(b) Find the Z-parameters of the two port in Fig. 5 (b).

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

IES - Electronics Conventional Papers - I & II 1980 - 2007

IES - Electronics Conventional Papers - I & II 1980 - 2007