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SOMATIC SENSITIVITY
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e CIBI'I GEIGY
Sensory perception in oro-facial district
OPHTALMIC BRANCH
SENSORY INFORMATION FROM SCALP AND FOREHEAD,
UPPER EYELID, CONJUNCTIVA AND CORNEA OF THE
EYE, NOSE (INCLUDING THE TIP, EXCEPT ALAE NASI),
NASAL MUCOSA, FRONTAL SINUSES, AND PARTS OF
THE MENINGES (THE DURA AND BLOOD VESSELS).
MAXILLARY BRANCH
SENSORY INFORMATION FROM THE LOWER EYELID
AND CHEEK, THE NARES AND UPPER LIP, THE UPPER
TEETH AND GUMS, THE NASAL MUCOSA, THE PALATE
AND ROOF OF THE PHARYNX, THE MAXILLARY,
ETHMOID AND SPHENOID SINUSES, AND PARTS OF THE
MENINGES.
MANDIBOLAR BRANCH
SENSORY INFORMATION FROM THE LOWER LIP, THE
LOWER TEETH AND GUMS, THE CHIN AND JAW
(EXCEPT THE ANGLE OF THE JAW, WHICH IS SUPPLIED
BY C2-C3), PARTS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR, AND PARTS
OF THE MENINGES. THE MANDIBULAR NERVE CARRIES
TOUCH/POSITION AND PAIN/TEMPERATURE SENSATION
FROM THE MOUTH.
zygomaticofacial
pregang. i l
CNVII
\ r. petrosal
POS. SUP.
PHARYNGEAV f \ NASAl
= : T I N R PA HNE
tTllcosa o f 1'\aro
e.tld soft pat5 es
BUCCAL
ch & v ngMJ
{ IIOT motor for bucaletor m )
motor to tn")'bhyoi:J m.
- ------ --.,J- - -'8-r- - ----- chn. lowerio
INNERVATION
THERMAL
NOCICEPTIVE
INNERVATION
PERIODONTAL
(MECHANICAL AND NOCICPETIVE)
INNERVATION
JAW AND MASTICATORY
PROPRIOCEPTIVE
MUSCLES
Sensory perception in oro-facial district
HUMANS: EXPLORATIVE FUNCTION TAKEN BY THE HAND (WITH THE EXCEPTION OF POST -NATAL LIFE)
INCREASE OF HAND CORTICAL REPRESENTATION (THE TRIGEMINAL REMAINS LARGE!)
SENSORY ACUITY
1.5-1.7mm
10mg
DECREASES
MINIMAL AT PHARYNX
*
* *
sensory perception in oro-facial district: mechanosensation
INFORMATION ON:
INITIAL CONSISTENCE AND
PROGRESSIVE MODIFICATION OF FOOD
PHYSICAL PROPERTIE OF SUBSTANCES IN MOUTH
IN MOUTH DURING MASTICATORY
FUNCTION
TISSUE DEFORMATION/STRETCH
PROPOIOCEPTORS SIGNALLING
POSTITION AND MOVEMENTS OF
STRUCTURES ACTIVE IN MASTICATORY
FUNCTION
ROLE
SENSORI-MOTOR CONTROL
ANESTHESIA: 1) ANALGESIA, AND LOSS OF MOTOR CONTROL IN OROFACIAL MUSCLES
2)APRAXIA OF SPEECH
3) SALIVARY INCONTINENCE
4)LOSS OF THE ABILITY TO RECOGNISE THE DIFFERENT STRUCTURE OF THE OWN MOUTH
(TONGUE, CHEEKS) FROM FOOD
FOOD CHARACTERIZATION WITH HIGH ACUITY GIVING RISE TO A WIDE RANGE OF SENSATIONS
(INTEGRATION OF INFORMAITON FORM THE TOOTH AND THE MOUTH) NOT COMPARABLE TO ANY OTHER
BODY DISTRICT
FLAVOUR OF FOOD ALSO NEEDS OLFACTION AND TASTE TO BE COMPLETE!
CHEWING
MOVEMENT
AUDIO SIGNAL
MICROELECTRODE
MICROELECTRODE RECORD
RECORD
ISTANTANEOUS
ISTANTANEOUS DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE
MOVEMENT OF THE
TONGUE: THE
RECEPTIVE FIELD GETS
IN CONTACT WITH THE
LOWER INCISOR
TOOTH
NERVE RECORDING
SLOW ADAPTING
DEEP RECEPTOR AND
ITS RECEPTIVE FIELD
OUTWARD AND
INWARD MOVEMENT
OF THE TONGUE: THE
RECEPTIVE
DISCHARGES WHEN
THE SUBJECT
PROTRUDED THE
TONGUE
Sensory perception in oro-facial district
INNERVATION
THERMAL
NOCICEPTIVE
INNERVATION
PERIODONTAL
(MECHANICAL AND NOCICPETIVE)
INNERVATION
JAW AND MASTICATORY
PROPRIOCEPTIVE
MUSCLES
SOMATOSENSORY INNERVATION OF OROFACIAL DISTRICT:
THE THERMAL RECEPTORS
1. ROLE
CHANGES OCCURRING IN 29-37C RANGE (NEUTRAL SKIN AND MUCOLSAL TEMPERATURE) ARE NOT PERCEIVED OR
RAPIDLY ADAPTING (CEASES TO BE PERCEIVED IN 1 MINUTE)
FOOD INTRODUCED IN
MOUTH CONTACT WITH TISSUES IN MOUTH/FACE CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE
DUE TO TRANSFER OF
ENERGY
DEPENDING ON:
1. THICKNESS OF EPITHELIUM
2. DEGREE OF KERATINIZATION
3. AMOUNT AND QUALITY OF SALIVA
MYELINATED AND UNMYELINATED AXONS IN THE BASAL AND DEEPER LAYER OF EPITHELIUM
SENSORY ENDINGS WITH CHANNELS SENSITIVE TO TEMPERATURE CHANGES BUT ALSO CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
CHILI WARM
MENTHOLCOOL HOT AND COLD FOOD!
SOMATOSENSORY INNERVATION OF OROFACIAL DISTRICT:
THE THERMAL RECEPTORS
1. COLD RECEPTORS(A ) (LOW TRESHOLD COLD RECEPTORS)
2. WARM RECEPTORS(C)
PARADOXICALLY LESS
INTENSE!! BURST!!
SOMATOSENSORY INNERVATION OF OROFACIAL DISTRICT:
THE THERMAL RECEPTORS
SENSITIVE TO RAPID WARM RECEPTORS COLD RECEPTORS
CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE LOW DENSITY HIGH DENSITY
AS FUNCTION OF
1. BASAL TEMPERATURE
2. RATE OF TEMPERATURE
CHANGE
3. FINAL TEMPERATURE
INNERVATION
THERMAL
NOCICEPTIVE
INNERVATION
PERIODONTAL
(MECHANICAL AND NOCICPETIVE)
INNERVATION
JAW AND MASTICATORY
PROPRIOCEPTIVE
MUSCLES
Oro-facial sensory innervation
POPULATION
PRIODONATL LIGAMENT: A -C
ORAL MUCOSA: A -C
FACE SKIN
CRANIAL VESSELS
NOCICEPTION AND PAIN PERCEPTION IN ORO-FACIAL DISTRICT
NOCICPETORS
RECEPTIVE FIELD1-2mm
NOCICEPTION AND PAIN PERCEPTION I N ORO-FACIAL DISTRICT
NOCICPETORS
A
1 ms 1 ms
il
/
111r "
\
Eleet rieal
09 g 058 stlmulus
von Frey filament
artifact
Sms
Fig. 1. R-ecordings from a low-t.hresho ld C unit. in the huma.n supraorbital nerve. A ,
response t o a von Frey filament of(){)9 g, and to eleetrieal intraderma.l st.imulation. Note
(abovc) that the;, n'H)C-ha.niea.Uy and ele-etrieally evoked nerve tt.etion potentials,
aupcr-impoacd o n t h c bD.Ckground noi&oe, we r e a im ilar. T h e l&t.en cy or t h e n>fSJ)On
tQ
electrical st.imula.t.ion was about 53 ms, which corresponded to a conduct on velocity of
13 mjs . 8 , this latency waa increased by simu1taneous mecha.nical actvation, further
indicating that. the sarne un it wfU; responding . T went.)HJeven consecutive responses to
electrical stimuli delivered a.t a rate of09/s a,re shown from above to below. Th e- initia l
44 ms of the post.s timulus period ha.ve been omiu.ed. The aaterisks indicate a. period of
pressure in t he receptive field. The arrow pointi to one of the rn hanic-ally evoked
discharges .
Sensory perception in oro-facial district
INNERVATION
THERMAL
NOCICEPTIVE
INNERVATION
PERIODONTAL
(MECHANICAL AND NOCICPETIVE)
INNERVATION
JAW AND MASTICATORY
PROPRIOCEPTIVE
MUSCLES
Oro-facial sensory innervation.
Teeth innervation
Oro-facial sensory innervation. Teeth innervation
ENAMEL
TOOTH PULP
DENTINE
PERIODONTAL
LIGAMENT
PULP
CEMENTUM
DENTINE
TUBULES
NERVOUS FIBERS
Oro-facial sensory innervation. Teeth innervation
Note: The inform ation contained in this table only applies to dentine-pulp complex.
Oro-facial sensory innervation. Teeth innervation
ADEGUATE STIMULI:
MECHANICAL
CHEMICAL
THERMAL
Oro-facial sensory innervation. Teeth innervation
3 THEORIES:
DENTINAL TUBULE
ODONTOBLAST PROCESS
AFFERENT
FIBER
DENTINE
AFFERENT
FIBER
ODONTOBLAST
Oro-facial sensory innervation. Teeth innervation
STIMULI APPLIED OVER THE SURFACE OF THE TOOTH ARE NOT ENOUGH TO STIMULY RECEPTORS:
CHEMICAL STIMUL(SUGAR, SALTS, ACIDS, ANESTHETICS) MUST DIFFUSE IN TUBULI TO STIMULATE RECEPTORS
MECHANICAL STIMULI(PRESSURE) MUST BE TRASMITTED BY THE DENTINE TO THE PULP
THERMAL STIMULI ARE EFFICIENT ONLY WHEN THE DELTA IS EQUAL OR >10C
Sensory perception in oro-facial district
INNERVATION
THERMAL
NOCICEPTIVE
INNERVATION
PERIODONTAL
(MECHANICAL AND NOCICPETIVE)
INNERVATION
JAW AND MASTICATORY
PROPRIOCEPTIVE
MUSCLES
Oro-facial sensory innervation. Teeth innervation
WHEN A FORCE IS APPLIED TO THE TOOTH, IT MOVES INTO THE SOCKET. THIS
MOVEMETN INDUCES STRESS AND STRAINS OF THE PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
Central pathways
Neural substrates of the oro-facial pain. Central pathways
AFFERENCE VII E IX
MYELINATED AFF
UNMYELINATED AFF
VII IX X
2-SPINAL COMPLEX
ORALIS SUBNUCLEUS
INTERPOLARIS SUBNUCLEUS
CAUDALIS SUBNUCLEUS
RETICULAR FORMATION
Neural substrates of the oro-facial pain. Centrai pathways
Main sensory
nuclei
Dorsal
colum
n
nuclei
N. caudalis
e Figure 5. Schematic of the inverted representation of the face and mouth (of a cat, in this instance) in the different
subdivisions of the V brainstem nuclear complex. Each area of the ipsilateral face is represented at ali rostrocaudal
levels within the V brain stem complex. The projection s of ipsilateral limbs and trunk to the dorsal column nuclei
are also shown. (From Mountcastle, V.B. Medicai Physiology. Mosby, St. Louis, Vol.!, 1974.)
Neural substrates of the oro-facial pain. Central pathways
ORO-FACIAL SENSORY INNERVATION
TRIGEMNINAL NUCLEUS AND PATHWAYS
TRIGEMINO-THALAMIC PATHWAY
DECUSSATION
TRIGEMINAL LEMNISCUS
THALAMUS VPM
SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX
Neural substrates of the oro-facial pain. Central pathways
ORO-FACIAL SENSORY INNERVATION
TRIGEMNINAL NUCLEUS AND PATHWAYS
SUBNUCLEUS ORALIS
TRIGEMINO-THALAMIC
SUBNUCELUS CAUDALIS
CORTEX
PAIN: CAUDAL SUBNUCELUS ORGANIZATION
Z MARGINAL (MAR)
Z. SUBSTANTIA GELATINOSA (SG)
Z. MAGNOCELLULAR (MC)
Z. RETICOLAR
- - - - - --
OROFACIAL PAIN: CENTRAL PATHWAYS
THALAMUS-CORTEX
ACQUEDOTTO
DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS
MESENCEPHALON
V SPINAL TRACT
PRINCIPAL NUCLEUS
ORAL SUBNUCLEUS
PONS
GASSER
V SPINAL TRACT
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
RAPHE MAGNO NUCLEUS