LESSON NOTES

Absolute Beginner S1 #11

I Don't Like the Rain in Finland

CONTENTS
2 Finnish
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage
4 Grammar
6 Cultural Insight

# 11
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 FINNISH

1. Helen: Millainen s tnn on?

2. Jussi: En tied. Hetki, katson ennustetta.

3. Helen: Tarvitsenko sateenvarjoa?

4. Jussi: Et tarvitse. Tnn ei sada.

5. Helen: Hyv. En kaipaa sadetta.

ENGLISH

1. Helen: What's the weather like today?

2. Jussi: I don't know. Just a moment, I'll have a look at the forecast.

3. Helen: Do I need an umbrella?

4. Jussi: No, you don't. It's not going to rain today.

5. Helen: Good. I don't miss rain.

VOCABULARY

Finnish English C lass

tnn today noun

hetki moment noun

sateenvarjo umbrella noun

Millainen what kind of adjective

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 sade rain noun

s weather noun

katsoa to look at, to watch verb

ennuste forecast noun

sataa to rain verb

kaivata to need, to miss verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Olen t nn kiireinen. Het ki, t ulen pian.

"Im busy t oday." "Just a moment , Ill come soon."

Saisinko t uon sat eenvarjon? Millaist a koulua Helen ky?

"May I have t hat umbrella, please?" "What kind of a school does

Helen go t o?"

Millainen s Helsingiss on? Sade alkaa aamulla.

"What 's t he weat her like in "T he rain will st art in t he morning."
Helsinki?"

Sade put oaa kadulle. Eilen oli hyv s.

"T he rain is f alling on t he st reet ." "T he weat her was nice yest erday."

Maiju kat soo elokuvaa. Ennust e ei lupaa hyv.

"Maiju is wat ching a movie." "T he f orecast doesnt promise

well."

En mene ulos, siell sat aa. En kaipaa neuvoja.

"Im not going out , it s raining." "I dont want any advice."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

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millainen

Millainen comes from mink + lainen. Mink is the genitive form of mik, and -
lainen is the adjective-forming ending that makes also country names into
adjectives. We also have sellainen (from sen + lainen) "like it" and tuollainen (from
tuon + lainen) "like that," and tllainen/tllinen (from tmn + lainen) "like this."
For some reason, the non-vowel-harmony-compliant tllainen is the form used in
written texts, though tllinen is common in spoken Finnish.

sateenvarjo

Sateenvarjo is formed from the genitive form sateen of the noun sade "rain," and
the word varjo "shadow, shade." Literally, then, it means "shade of rain." Similarly,
we have pivnvarjo, which is a "parasol."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of t his Lesson is Using Negat ive Forms of Verbs

En tied.
"I don't know."

The word ei is actually a verb. It is not a full verb, and it only has limited
conjugation, but it is still a verb. It changes according to the person just like other
verbs. In fact, it steals the personal ending from the main verb, so that only the
stem of the main verb remains in the negative statement. Ei is inserted before the
main verb.

min tiedn min en tied I don't know

sin tiedt sin et tied you don't know

hn tiet hn ei tied he/she doesn't know

min tarvitsen min en tarvitse I don't need

sin tarvitset sin et tarvitse you don't need

hn tarvitsee hn ei tarvitse he/she doesn't need

min kyn min en ky I don't visit

sin kyt sin et ky you don't visit

hn ky hn ei ky he/she doesn't visit

min olen min en ole I am not

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sin olet sin et ole you are not

hn on hn ei ole he/she is not

Note that the remaining main verb stem is the same, namely the one that is used
for 1st and 2nd persons in the affirmative, for all persons in the negative. Even for
verbs where the 3rd person has a different stem in the affirmative, in the negative
the stem is the same for all.

Sample Sent ences

1. Jussi ei sy omenaa.
"Jussi does not eat apple."

2. Min en puhu puolaa.

"I don't speak Polish."

3. Etk tied Maijan serkun nime?

"Don't you know the name of Maija's cousin?"

4. Eik isn sateenvarjo ole tll?

"Isn't Dad's umbrella here?"

5. Huomenna ei ole aurinkoista.

"It's not going to be sunny tomorrow."

Examples f rom t his Dialogue

1. En tied.
"I don't know."

2. Et tarvitse.
"No, you don't need (one)."

3. Tnn ei sada.
"It's not going to rain today."

4. En kaipaa sadetta.
"I don't want any rain."

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Not es

Finnish does not have a future tense. The present tense is used for future events,
as in the sentence Tnn ei sada: "It will not rain today."

Note that the stem consonant change for the verb tiet (hn tiet - min tiedn)
is caused by the same phenomenon that causes the change in iti - idin.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

T he Weat her in Finland

Finland has relatively warm summers and cold winters. However, since the country
extends 1000km from south to north, there are great regional differences. Winters
are longer and colder in the north and east than in the south and west. In most
winters, there is snow in all Finland at least for some time. In Southern Finland,
though, snow may be on and off on warm winters, but it is also possible to have
very snowy, cold winters with temperatures constantly below the freezing point
and dropping to around -30 degrees Celsius during the coldest periods. In the
summer, daily temperatures are usually around 20 degrees Celsius, and
occasionally rise above 25 and rarely above 30 degrees. Most of the time, the
weather is rather difficult to forecast. November is the time when most Finns wish
they could be somewhere else. The sun rises late and sets early, all the colorful
leaves have fallen and turned into wet pulp on the roadside, and it is cold and wet
with no snow to lighten up the scenery. February with the sparkling snow and
summer with the long days are something different entirely.

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