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Integrable models of the dynamics of a

compressible medium in self gravitational
field. Method of Cole - Hopf substitutions

Article January 2012

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V. M. Zhuravlev
Ulyanovsk State University
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532.5, 52-43, 514.86
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Abstract. The exact solutions of the self-coordinated problem of dynamics of the

compressible fluid in self-gravitational field are developed by the authors on the
basis of modifications to the Cole Hopf generalized substitutions method. The
article considers various models of a one-dimensional flow of the ideal and viscous
self-gravitating fluid for the general view of initial distributions of its density and
velosity. The authors calculate the integrals of movement and generalized Cole
Hopf substitutions, allowing to construct exact decisions. The method of
construction of exact solutions is generalized for the ideal fluid in self-gravitational
field on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional flows possessing cylindrical and
spherical simmetry. The article analyzes the processes of formation of dense objects
from a dust cloud with the set initial distribution of density of dust owing to
Jeanses instability for flat and spherical simmetry on the basis of the constructed
decisions. The researchers also calculate the characteristic time before singularity
formation.
Key words: non-linear equations, self-gravitating fluids, exactly integrated models.

[1]

, [2, 3],

1
-
-
20072012 --
20092013 ,
2.1894.2011 -
( 11-01-00747-, 12-01-00660-).
174
 4 (24), 2012 - .
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.

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(, [10, 11]).

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(. [12]). -

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[1315] -

175
 .
. [16] -

. [17]

. -
,
, [14, 15]. -
, [17],
[18].
-
, -
. ,

. -
(. [19] -
).
1.
[17] ,
.
u ( x, t ) :

u ( x, t ) = t , (1)
x
= ( x, t ) - .
( x, t ) :

t u ( x, t ) x = 0. (2)
(2) ,
( x, t ) .
:

t u ( x, t ) x F () = F ()(t u x ) = 0. (3)

, x :

x (u ( x, t ) x ) = 0.
t x
,
( x, t )

( x, t ) = x . (4)


t (u) = 0. (5)
x

176
 4 (24), 2012 - .
(5) :
ln ln
u = u x , (6)
t x
x .
:
ln() 1
u ( x, t ) = (u x ).
t x x x
,
( x, t ) .
-
.
ln()
u ( x, t ) = F () , (7)
x
F () .
:
t F () x = xx , (8)
(7) (1).
(8), u ( x, t )
:
1
ut uu x = (u x ), (9)
x
= x (5).
, u ( x, t ) ( x, t ) ,
(8),

.
(5) (9) (7)
( (1)) (4) , ( x, t )
(8) F () .
,
.
,
F () -

t = 0 . (7) (4) :
0 ( x)
( x,0) = ; (10)
x
ln 0 ( x)
u ( x,0) = u0 ( x) = F (0 ( x)) , (11)
x

177
 .
0 ( x) = ( x,0) ( x, t ) .
F () , ,
.
2.
-
.
:
1
ut uu x = (u x ) x ; t (u ) x = 0; (12)
x
xx = 4G. (13)
; G
. (1) (4).
(13) :
xx = 4G x .
x ,
x = 4G g0 (t ). (14)
(12) ,

(ut uu x ) = (u x ) x . (15)
x
(3) (6),

ln()
u = F () t 4G v0 (t ), (16)
x

v0 (t ) = g0 (t )dt.

,

u (t 4G v0 (t )) = 4G c(t ),
t x
, u ( x, t ) (16) (15)
,
t F () x = xx 4Gt x v0 (t ) x (17)
F () .

, , ,
(17)
.
178
 4 (24), 2012 - .
-
, -
,
0 ( x) = ( x,0)
u0 ( x) = u ( x,0)
t = 0 . F ()
,
:
ln(( x,0))

0 ( x) = ( x,0) = ( x,0)dx, F (0 ( x)) = u ( x,0)
x
v0 (0). (18)

-
F () .

3.



.


:
1 n
ut uur = r ; t (r u ) = 0; (19)
r n r
1 n
(r r ) = 4G. (20)
r n r
n = 1 n = 2 ,
r .
= r n . (19)(20)
:

ut uur = r ; t (u ) = 0; (21)
r
n
(r r ) = 4G. (22)
r
u ( r , t ) = t / r ( -
x r ) = r ,
(22) :
1
r = 4G g0 (t ), (23)
rn
g0 (t ) , ,
,
179
 .
r . -
, :
4G
ut uur = g0 (t ). (24)
rn

u ( r , t ) :
u = f (r )Q() v0 (t ), (25)
v0 (t ) , f ( r ) Q() .
,

ut uur = f (r )Q()u = f (r ) f (r )Q 2 () v0 .
(23), :
Q 2 () = 4G, f (r ) f (r ) = r n , v0 = g0 (t ),

2 r 1 r 1 , n = 2,


Q() = 4G , v0 (t ) = g0 (t )dt f (r ) = 0
2 ln r0 ln r , n = 1.

r0 .
, -

1
= , u = t / r = 8G r01 r 1 v0 (t ) (26)
2 r
r
,

t (v0 (t ) 8G r01 r 1 )r = 0. (27)

-

1
= r , u = t / r = 8G f 0 ln r v0 (t ) (28)
r
,

t (v0 (t ) 8G ln r0 ln r )r = 0. (29)

.
, ,

[0, r0 ] ,
r0 0 .

180
 4 (24), 2012 - .

, ( v0 = 0 ).
n = 1
. n = 2 .
, , ,
,

.
0 (r ) = ( r ,0) -
0 (r ) = (r ,0) . -
r . ,
, -
lim r = r n .
r 0

4.

(12)(13)
,
.
:
H (, x X (, t )) = 0, (30)
H = H (, ) -
( = x X (, t ) ). X (, t )
:

X (, t ) = F ()t 2Gt 2 v0 (t )dt. (31)

, ,
(30),
X (, t )
t x = 0, (32)
t
(17) = 0
t ( F () 4Gt v0 (t )) x = 0 (33)
X (, t ) , (31).
(33) ( (32))
,
, .
, H (, )
F ()

. F () ,
H (, ) .

181
 .
5.


. -
-
, .
,
.
, p = 0 . ,
.
(12)(13) = 0 .
, ,

. = 0

0 ( x)
( x,0) = , u ( x,0) = F (0 ( x)) c(0), (34)
x

0 ( x) = ( x,0).
-
, , -
.
, 0 ( x) , -
: 0 .

( x, t ) = 0 (t ) ( x, t )dx 0.

(14),
x .

x g0 (t ). (35)
x -
x .
g0 (t ) ,
x .
0 . ,

lim x = 0, (36)
x

(35) , x
,
g = 4GM ,

182
 4 (24), 2012 - .

M= ( x, t )dx 0

.
0 , ,

.
,
t . g = g ,
.
, , , g = g
.

g , g .

,
0 ( x) :
M
0 ( x) = (th(kx) 1),
2
k > 0 ,

L , : L = k 1 .
u ( x,0) = 0 .
g = 0, g = 4GM . -
:
Mk
( x,0) = > 0, u ( x,0) = 0. (37)
2ch 2 (kx)

:

=
M
2 0
th k ( x t 2 ) 1 .
(38)

0 = 2G .
. (38) x t , :
Mk
= x = , u = 20t . (39)

2ch k ( x 0 t 2 ) 2Mkt 20

. 1
t = 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 0,95 .
, ,
x .
M
( x,0) = > 0, u ( x,0) = 0 (40)
(1 k 2 x 2 )

183
 .
. 2. :
M Mk
= (k ( x 0 t 2 )), = x = , u = 20t .
k 2 ( x 0 t 2 ) 2 Mkt 20

) )
. 1. (a)
() (37)

) )
. 2. (a)
() (40)

, -
. -
, -
- .
(37)
2 L
t* = = ,
kM 0 GM
(40):
L
t* = = .
kM 0 GM

184
 4 (24), 2012 - .
6.


-
. -
, :
M
= Q ((r , t )), (41)
4Q0
M ,

Q0 = Q(r )dr = Q() Q(0)
0

(r , t ) = r 3/2 8Gt .
Q()
,
:
3M Q((r , t ))
( r , t ) = .
3/2 8G M 4GQ((r , t ))t
4Q0 r
M / (4Q0 ) (41)

M = 4 r 2 dr.
0
Q()
0 < Q0 < r .
, ,

( = r / r 2 ), Q () , :

Q ((r ,0)) = K (r 3 ),
K () , 0
= 0 :
K (0) = 0.
.
(41)
.

( r , t ) =
M
4

k (r 3/2 8Gt ) 2 (42)

185
 .

= r 2 u t = 0 :

0 (r ,0) =
M
4

kr 3 ; (43)

3Mk
(r ,0) = > 0, u (r ,0) = 8Gr 1/2 0 (r ). (44)
2 3
4 (kr )
k > 0 ,
, -
L , : L = k 1 , M
, Q0 = 1 .
(. 3, 4)
(r , t )

3Mk (1 0t r 3/2 )
( r , t ) = , u (r , t ) = 0 ,
2
4 (k 2 (r , t )) Mk 0t (r , t )

(r , t ) = r 3/2 0t , 0 = 8G .

( r , t ) =
22
M
k (r3/2 8Gt ) 2 (45)

:
M
0 (r ,0) = (kr 3 ); (46)
2
2
3Mk 1
( r ,0) = > 0, u ( r ,0) = 0. (47)
4 1 k 2 r 6
Q0 = / 2 .

:

= r 3 (0 (t ) 4 (t )r 6 O( r12 )) , = 30 (t ) 94 (t )r 6 O( r12 ).
0 (t ) , (42),
Mk
0 = (1 0 t0 ) 2 ,
4
0 = 4G . 0 (t ) .
0 ,
(42) (r , t ) :
Mk
0 (t ) = .
4(1 0t Mk / 4 )

186
 4 (24), 2012 - .

)
. 3. (a) ()
(40) : 1 t = 0 ; 2 t = 0,5 ;
3 t = 1, 0 ; 4 t = 1,5 ; 5 t = 2, 0 ; 6 t = 2,5 ; 7 t = 3, 0 ; 8 t = 3,5 ; 9 t = 4, 0

t > 0
4 1
t* =
Mk 0

187
 .
,
.
.

) )
. 4. (a) () (40)
: 1 t = 0 ; 2 t = 4, 0 ; 3 t = 4,8 ; 4 t = 5, 0

,
, -

, -
. -

, [19].
,
[12, 19] .
, [19], -
.

. ,

, .
.
.

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Quart. Appl. Math. 1951. V. 9. 3. P. 225236.

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189
 .

Zhuravlyov Viktor Mikhaylovich

- , Doctor of physical and mathematical
, sciences, professor, sub-department
, of theoretical physics, Ulyanovsk
State University
E-mail: zhvictorm@mail.ru

Zinovyev Dmitry Alexandrovich

, Assistant, sub-department of theoretical
, physics, Ulyanovsk State University

E-mail: zinovjev_d@mail.ru

532.5, 52-43, 514.86

, . .

. / . . ,
. . // . .
- . 2012. 4 (24). . 174190.

190