Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Direct Indirect
1. Simple Present Tenses 1. Simple Past Tenses
Rumus: Rumus:
S + V1 + o/c S + V2 + o/c
Contoh: Contoh:
Putri said, I buy my watch at the shop watches. Putri said that she bought her watch at the shop watches.
2. Present Continuous Tenses 2. Past Continuous Tenses
Rumus: Rumus:
S + To Be (Is, Am, Are) + V1 + Ing S + To Be (Was, Were) + V1 + Ing
Contoh: Contoh:
He said, I am doing my math homework. He said that he was doing his math homework.
3. Present Perfect Tenses 3. Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
Rumus: Rumus:
S + Have/Has + V3 S + Had + V3
Contoh: Contoh:
Riri said, I have finished doing my assignment. Riri said that he had finished doing her assignment.
4. Simple Past Tenses 4. Past Perfect Tenses
Rumus: Rumus:
S + V2 + o/c S + Had + V3
Contoh: Contoh:
He said, I went to Malaysia yesterday. He said that he had gone to Malaysia the day before.
Direct Indirect
5. Past Continuous Tenses 5. Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
Rumus: Rumus:
S + To Be (Was, Were) + V1 + Ing S + Had + Been + V1 + Ing
Contoh: Contoh:
She said, I was cooking some chicken soup. She said that she had been cooking some chicken soup.
6. Present Perfect Continuous Tenses 6. Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
Rumus: Rumus:
S + Have/Has + Been + V1 + Ing S + Had + Been + V1 + Ing
Contoh: Contoh:
He said, We have been living here for ten years. He said that they had been living there for ten years.
7. Simple Future Tenses 7. Past Future Tenses
Rumus: Rumus:
S + Will/Shall + V1 S + Would/Should + V1
Contoh: Contoh:
Lee said, We will leave for Indonesia. Lee said that they would leave for Indonesia.
8. Time 8. Time
Contoh: Contoh:
He commended me, bring my coffee here now!. He commanded me to bring his coffee there then.
9. Place 9. Place
Contoh: Contoh:
He said, I have a present for you in my car here. He said that he had a present for me in his car there.
Direct Indirect
10. Definition & example 10. Definition & example
Pengertian: Pengertian:
Direct speech is the reporting of speech by Indirect speech is a report on what someone else said or
repeating the actual words of a speaker or writer. wrote without using that persons exact words.
Contoh: Contoh:
Whats your name? the girl asked. The husband asked me where my smartphone was.