CHAPTER I

UNDERSTANDING OF RESEARCH
By Indrayanto

Understanding Research

Research derived from English, the research, according to The Advanced Learner's Dictionary of
Current Home (1961) was a thorough search or investigation to obtain new facts in science.

According to Fellin, Tripodi and Meyer (1969) research is a systematic way for the purpose of
improving, modifying and developing knowledge that can be delivered (communicated) and
tested (verified) by other investigators. Basically the research is any process that produces
knowledge.

According to research Woody Clifford is a was conducted a thorough search to obtain the facts
or the facts or new laws. In it there is effort and planning that truly eat a relatively long time.

While Whiteney (1950) says, that in the research contained a attidute a passion and love that
there are any changes.

Further more firmly expressed by Berkner (1985), that scientific research is an attempt to acquire
and expand the science that has been owned. Folson, in the same year, argued that scientific
research is an activity to discover something entirely new.

Trullinger (1951) suggested that research is a scientific activity to obtain or to penetrate the
boundaries of existing knowledge.

True (1907) says that research is the scientific efforts to seek answers to specific problems.

F. Rumawas (1973-1974) said that the study is an attempt to fill the void illmu human
knowledge.

National Science Foundation (1956) gives the sense that it is a business research in a systematic
and extensive search to obtain a broader knowledge and more perfect knowledge of the subject
being studied.A clearer description would be obtained from the description Sutrisno Hadi (1978)
as follows: research means efforts to find, develop and test a knowledge scientifically. Research
is defined as: "An effort to discover, develop, and test the truth of a knowledge, and efforts were
made by the scientific method" (Sutrisno Hadi, 2001).

Non-Scientific and Scientific Research

Some understanding of research:

The study is an investigation or an examination which business is done carefully, and critically in
seeking facts or principles using specific steps. In finding these facts systematic efforts are
needed to find a scientific answer to a problem.

Some other experts to give a definition of research as follows:

1. David H Penny. The research is a systematic thinking about the different types of problems
whose solution requires the collection and interpretation of the facts.

2. J. Suprapto. The research is the investigation of a field that is executed to obtain the facts or
principles patiently, carefully and systematically.

3. Hadi Sutrisno. In accordance with the objectives, the study can be interpreted as an attempt
to discover, develop and test the truth of a knowledge.

4. Mohammad Ali. The research is one way to understand something through investigation or
the search for evidence that emerged in connection with the problem, which is done very
carefully so that the obtained solution.

5. The New Horizon Ladder Dictionary. The definition of research is a careful study to Discover
correct information, which means that an investigation is carried out carefully to obtain the
correct information.

In etymology, the study comes from the English language research (re meaning again, and the
search means finding). Thus, research means to search again.

Tuckman defining research (research): a systematic attempt to Provide answer to the

question of research is a systematic effort to find scientific answers to a problem. Systematic
means to follow procedures or certain steps. The answer is the formulation of scientific
knowledge, generaliasi, either theory, both principles that are abstract or concrete that is
defined through its primary instrument, ie the empirical and analytical. The study itself is
working on the basis of the assumptions, techniques and methods.

In addition the research can also be defined as:

a. An attempt to collect, record and analyze the problem.

b. A systematic investigation, or with a viable and based on knowledge about the
properties rather than events or circumstances for the purpose will determine the
principal factors or will find new ideas in developing new methods.
c. Investigation of a field of science which is run utnuk obtain facts or principles patiently,
carefully and systematically.
d. Attempts to discover, develop and test the truth of a knowledge of where the business
is done by using scientific methods.
 e. Systematic thinking about the different types of problems whose solution requires the
collection and interpretation of the facts.

Sometimes people equate understanding with the scientific method of research. In accordance
with the objectives, the study can be interpreted as an attempt to discover, develop, and test
the truth of a knowledge which attempts were made by using the scientific method. Research
activity is an activity in an effort to develop an objective and scientific test based on the
principles, theories are systematically arranged through an intensive process in the
development of generalization. While the scientific method is more concerned with the
application of deductive-inductive thinking in solving a problem.

The focus of an investigation are problems, problems that arise in the minds of researchers
based on review of the dubious circumstances (a perplexing situation). The problem is the
central point of the overall research.

Of the five definitions of the above can be summarized as follows:

1. An effort to obtain facts or developing principles (find / develop / test the truth).
2. By means / activities to collect, record and analyze the data (information /
information). Working with the patient, careful, systematic and based on science and
the scientific method.