ENERGY

ACCOUNTING &
FINANCIAL SETTLEMENT

SC Saxena
DGM (Market Operation)
National Load Despatch Centre, New Delhi
 Who
pays to
Whom
for
What
and
How much ?
 Who Approves ?
How is it scheduled ?
How is it measured ?
Who keeps the accounts ?
How is it settled ?
Transparency ?
Presentation Outline
Glossary, Activity Sequence
Classical Scheduling and Dispatching
Regional / State Electricity Market
Schedule at Seams
Metering
Accounting
Settlement
Transmission Issues

3/18/17 POSOCO 4
 Glossary
Buyer, Seller, Quantum, Time, Rate, Point of Interchange, Access, Route
Control Area Jurisdiction, Nodal LDC, Time line, Approval, Pool
Injection Schedule, Withdrawal Schedule, Scheduled Losses
Metered Injection, Metered Withdrawal, Metered Pool Losses
Scheduled Energy, Actual Energy, Deviation Energy
Energy Account, Settlement Account, Settlement Period, Settlement Cycle
Billing, Mutual Settlement, Pool Settlement / Clearing / Reconciliation

3/18/17 POSOCO 5
Contract Metering

Application Accounting

Approved Billing
Schedule Settlement

3/18/17 POSOCO 6
 Intra State Electricity Market
STATE STATE
GENR. Inter-state
IPP transactions

Transactions
through trader SLDC

or without trader STATEs Grid Coordinates

Discom - A Discom - C

Consumer Discom - B
3/18/17 POSOCO 7
 Interstate Electricity Market
IPP &
ISGS-1 ISGS-2 other Regional Gen,
Inter-Regional

Transactions
through trader Regional Grid RLDC
or without trader Coordinates

State - A State - C
State - B
ISGS: Inter-state Generating Station
Control
3/18/17
Areas POSOCO 8
 Control Area Demarcation

M M
M D M

B M
M M
M M M
M

A
M
M X Y Z M
M
M
M
M M
M
E
C M M

M
M

Source : Control Area Trends: Principles and response, Larry R. Day 9

METERING ARRANGEMENTS (CEA Regulation 2006 on meters)
Aux Aux
~ ~ ~ Gen Station
~ ~
A B C D E
STANDBY METERS
CGS - I
C 1 C 2
F' G' H' J' K' CHECK METERS
MAIN METERS M 1 M 2
F G H J K
CGS - II
L M
S 1 S 2
State - A

State - A Metering arrangements Old arrangement at

S few Gen. Station
PG (ISTS)
PG (ISTS)

CGS - I Injection :
T U N O P
V W Q R Main = (F + G + H + J + K)
Check = (F' + G' + H' + J' + K')
State - B Stand-by = (A + B + C + D + E)

State - A CGS - II Injection :

Y Main = (M1 + M2)

Check = (C1 + C2)
X State - A
Stand-by = (S1 + S2)

State - B
State - A Drawal = G+H+N+O-Y
3/18/17 POSOCO 10
State - B Drawal = T+U-X
Scheduling as per contract
Long term Contract
Medium term Contract
Short term contract Bilateral
Short term contract - Collective

3/18/17 POSOCO 11
Emerging Challenge

12
 Scheduling and
Loss Administration
Case I : Intra-Regional Long Term Transactions
Zone Loss (%)

A 3
B B 5

100*0.97 = 97MW
92.15 MW 97*0.95 = 92.15
A
100 MW Injection Schedule = 100 MW

Drawal Schedule = 92.5 MW

3/18/17 POSOCO 14
Case II : Inter Regional Long Term Transactions
Zone Loss (%)

A 3
B 5
B
100 MW
92.15 MW

A
97 MW

3/18/17 POSOCO 15
Case III : Long Term Transactions Involving Wheeling Region

Zone Loss (%)

A 3
B B 5

92.15 MW

97 MW
A
97 MW 100 MW
3/18/17 POSOCO 16
Case IV : Intra-Regional Short Term Transactions
100 MW Contract Zone Loss (%)

A 3
B 5
B

A
95 MW
(Injection at A)*0.97= 100
103.09 MW
Injection at A= 100/0.97= 103.09

3/18/17 POSOCO 17
Case V : Inter Regional Short Term Transactions

100 MW Contract
Zone Loss (%)

A 3
B 5
B

95 MW
A
100 MW 103.09 MW

3/18/17 POSOCO 18
Case VI : STOA Transactions Involving Wheeling Region
100 MW Contract
Zone Loss (%)

A 3
B
B 5

95 MW

100 MW

A
100 MW 103.09 MW

3/18/17 POSOCO 19
LTA / MTOA Inter State
Contract between Buyer and Seller
Transmission Charge computation by NLDC with inputs by DICs
Application processing and approval by CTU/STU
Scheduling by RLDC/SLDC
Energy Accounting at State / Regional level
ISTS Transmission Account by RPC Secretariat
Mutual Settlement for Capacity Charges and Scheduled Energy Charges
Pool Settlement for Active Energy Deviation
Pool Settlement for Reactive Energy Charges, Congestion Charge
Billing of System Operation Charges, Market Operation Charges by LDC
Billing, Collection, Disbursement of ISTS Charges by CTU

3/18/17 POSOCO 20
 STOA- Bilateral
Contract between Buyer and Seller
Application for scheduling by Buyer/Seller/Trader (Applicant)
Approval for scheduling by Nodal RLDC
Billing & settlement of OA Charges Nodal RLDC
Application, Transmission, Operating
Disbursement of Transmission Charges to STU/CTU by RLDC
Energy Accounting at State / Regional level
Mutual Settlement for Energy Charges
Pool Settlement for Deviation Charges

3/18/17 POSOCO 21
 STOA- Collective
Dual side bidding : Sale Bids Buy bids
Market Clearing Price (MCP) Market Clearing Volume (MCV)
Schedules by PX
Approval for schedules by NLDC
Inclusion of schedules by RLDCs
Billing & settlement of transactions with successful bidders by PX
STOA Application and Scheduling Charges to NLDC by PX
Settlement for Scheduled Energy at MCP by PX
Pool Settlement for Deviation Charges by RPC/RLDC
3/18/17 POSOCO 22
Energy Statements
Settlement Period : 15 min
1. Regulatory Reserve Ancillary Services Settlement Account
2. Deviation Settlement Account Weekly
3. Reactive Energy Account
4. Congestion Settlement Account

5. Regional Energy Account

6. Regional Transmission Account Monthly
7. Transmission Deviation Account

3/18/17 POSOCO 23
 Weekly Energy Statements

3/18/17 POSOCO 24
RRAS Settlement Account
Payment to RRAS Provider from DSM Pool for UP Regulation
Energy Scheduled to VAE
Fixed Charges
Variable Charges
Mark up
Payments by RRAS Provider to DSM Pool for DOWN Regulation
Energy Scheduled from Virtual Ancillary Entity under RRAS
Total Variable Charges for generation reduced
Variable Charges to be paid to the DSM Pool
Reimbursement of Fixed Charges by RRAS Provider to Original Beneficiaries
Energy Schedules
Fixed Charges to be refunded
Name of beneficiary
3/18/17 POSOCO 25
Deviation Settlement Account
Responsibility
Inputs
Implemented Interchange Schedule
RLDC
Actual Interchange Computed from Interface Meter Data
Applicable Deviation Charges as per Regulations CERC
Output
Payable / Receivable Deviation Charges
and Additional Deviation Charges RPC
Net Deviation Charges
Pool members
Regional Entities
Adjacent Regions
RLDC
Billing and Pool Account Administration
3/18/17 POSOCO 26
 Contract between A & B
100 MW, RTC
Scheduled Energy = 2400 MWH @ 250 p /kWh

S = 100 MW S = 100 MW
B A = 102 MW A = 103 MW
D = 2 MW D = 3 MW A
State-N State-M
POOL

DSM Charges DSM Charges

Rs. 60 Lakh, mutually settled Assuming

Only one ISTS transaction of the State
Zero loss
3/18/17 POSOCO 27
Reactive Energy Account
Payable / Receivable VAR Charges when Voltage was > 103% of
Nominal

Payable / Receivable VAR Charges when Voltage was < 97% of

Nominal

Accounting and Settlement by RPC

Billing and Pool Account Administration by RLDC

3/18/17 POSOCO 28
Congestion Charge Account
Period when Congestion Charge was applied NLDC / RLDC

Over Injection / Under drawal RPC

Under Injection / Over drawal
Congestion Charge

Accounting and Settlement by RPC

Billing and Pool Account Administration by RLDC

3/18/17 POSOCO 29
 Time Line For Pool (Net) Settlement 0.04 % per day interest
on defaulters
(beyond 12 days)

Settlement week
Monday

Friday

Monday
Tuesday

Tuesday
Sunday
0000

2400

2400
2400

2400

Thursday

2400
1200
Meter Data download & receipt at RLDC
& preliminary checks

Disbursement to utilities from the pool account

Data validation, processing and computation
at RLDC. Forwarded to
Regional Power Committee Secretariat
(IEGC 6.5.22) Account
Data cross checking by Regional Power Committee Secretariat
Settled within 21 days
& Issue of Pool Account

Deviation Settlement Account Payment by utilities to the pool account managed

Reactive Energy Account by System Operator (RLDC)

Payment to pool to be made within 10 days

Disbursement from pool to be made within 2 working days after receipt of amount in pool
3/18/17 POSOCO 30
 Monthly Energy Statements

3/18/17 POSOCO 31
Regional Energy Account Prepared by RPC but billing by Sellers
Mutual settlement

Plant Availability Factor (%)

for the month & Cumulative PAF
Entitlement of the Beneficiaries from the ISGS in Energy and %
for the month and cumulative
Scheduled Energy from ISGS to beneficiaries
Scheduled Energy from shared projects
Scheduled Energy from regional entity RE projects
Interregional Scheduled Exchanges LTA/MTOA/STOA between regions
transaction wise
Scheduled Exchanges STOA Bilateral and STOA Collective
Implemented Schedule LTA and MTOA
Un-Requisitioned Power of one entity scheduled by other Entity
PLF
3/18/17 POSOCO 32
ISTS Transmission Account
Regional Transmission Account
Approved Injection/ Withdrawal
Additional Approved MTOA Injection/ Withdrawal
Infirm Injection
Applicable Rates (PoC, Reliability and HVDC)
Total Charges (PoC, Reliability Charges, HVDC)
Regional Transmission Deviation Account
Excess Injection/Withdrawal upto 120 % of LTA+MTOA+STOA
Excess Injection/Withdrawal beyond 120 % of LTA+MTOA+STOA
Charges for deviation
Prepared by RPC
Billing by CTU

3/18/17 POSOCO 33
 Accounting Billing and Collection of Charges
Accounting of Charges : Monthly accounts in each region shall be
prepared by respective RPC Regulation 10(1)

Regional Power
Committee

Regional Transmission Regional Transmission

Accounts Deviation Accounts

(Next Working Day (15th Day

of Issue of Regional Energy of Every Month
Account for the previous Month)
for the previous Month)
3/18/17 POSOCO 34
 Accounting Billing and Collection of Charges
Billing :

Central Transmission Utility (CTU) shall be responsible for

Raising the bills, collection and disbursement to ISTS licensees based on Accounts
issued by RPC
Regulation 11(1)

Bill to be raised only on DICs

SEB/STU may recover such charges from DISCOMs, Generators and Bulk
Consumers connected to the intra-state system.
Regulation 11(2)

The billing from CTU for ISTS charges for all DICs shall be :
In 3 parts on the basis of Rs/MW/Month and;
the fourth part for deviations would be on the basis of Rs/MW/Block
Regulation 11(3)(7)
3/18/17 POSOCO 35
 Accounting Billing and Collection of Charges

Central Next Working

Transmission Day of
First Part
Utility uploading of
(Based on Approved
Injection/Withdrawal and PoC RTA for
Rate) previous
month
Second Part
(Recovery of Charges for Along with
Additional Medium Term Open First Part
Access)
Biannually
Third Part
(1st Day of
(Adjustments Based on
September
FERV,Interest, Rescheduling of
and March
Commissioning)

Fourth Part 18th Day of

(Deviations) a Month
3/18/17 POSOCO 36
 Transparency : All information on Public Domain
Complete Metering hand books
NRLDC: http://nrldc.org/Commercial/calculations/SEM_Hand_book.pdf
ERLDC : http://www.erldc.org/Commercial-ER/User_Manual_of_SEMs_in_ER.pdf
WRLDC : http://www.wrldc.com/WR_SEM_Book.aspx
SRLDC : http://srldc.org/SEM%20Logistics.aspx
NERLDC : http://103.7.131.227/commercial_Meteringmanual.aspx
Weekly Data (for at least 4 weeks)
Complete list of Meters in the Region, Location, CT/CVT ratio, Type of Meters
Raw as well processed data of all meters (meter data is reported to RLDC in encrypted format)
Meter wise and location wise summation of drawal/injection of each entity on 15 minute-wise
Information about meter or CT/CVT issues at locations if any
Schedule vis--vis actuals injection/drawal on 15 minute wise

3/18/17 POSOCO 37
Reconciliation of Accounts
Regulatory Provisions Self computation & Verification
IEGC 6.5.22: Power Station
RLDCs computation open for
checking/verification for 15 days Drawee Entity
IEGC Complementary Commercial
Mechanism, clause 8: Other RLDC
RPCs computation open for RPC
checking/verification for 15 days
Commercial Committee Meeting of
RPC:
Matter of Metering
Meter Discrepancies
Error in Computations

3/18/17 POSOCO 38
SAMAST
Adopted by the
Technical Committee of the
Forum of Regulators
on 15 July 2016

Endorsed by the
Forum of Regulators
on 22 July 2016
40
41
Terms of Reference of the Sub-committee

Evolve detailed action plan with time lines for implementation of ABT/DSM
at State level
Suggest modification of all technical and accounting procedures as may be
necessary for rolling out ABT/DSM framework
Assist in drafting of requisite State regulations, or amendments to existing
regulations, as the case may be
Submit report on the progress of the sub-group to the Technical
Committee of States every two months

42
Consultations
Guidance from the Technical Committee
One to one interaction with SLDC of 13 States : 6-Renewable-rich, 7-Others
All Regions covered in one-to-one interactions with SLDCs
SR: 4 , WR : 3, NR : 3, ER : 1, NER: 2
Electronic Survey: 28 Responses
Discussions in FOLD : 16th & 17th meeting
Discussion with RLDCs and NLDC through Webgroup- EMASS of India
Sounding board: Expert Audit Groups
Metering and Settlement, Interchange Scheduling
Guidance from published literature : 42 references

43
Chronology
18-Nov-2015: Constitution of the Technical Committee
16-Dec-2015: 1st meeting of the Technical Committee
08-Jan-2016: 2nd meeting of the Technical Committee
20-Jan-2016 : Constitution of the sub-committee
23-Jan-2016: Interaction with SLDC Maharashtra
30-Jan-2016: Interaction with SLDC Tamil Nadu
10-Feb-2016: Presentation of the preliminary findings during
the 3rd meeting of the Technical Committee
15-Feb-2016: Interaction with SLDC Karnataka
02-Mar-2016: Presentation in 16th FOLD meeting
10-Mar-2016: Interaction with SLDC Delhi
10-May-2016: Interaction with SLDC Gujarat
12-May-2016: Interaction with SLDC Madhya Pradesh
27-May-2016: Interaction with SLDC Telangana
27-May-2016: Interaction with SLDC Andhra Pradesh
01-Jun-2016: Presentation of Interim Draft Report during 4th meeting of
the Technical Committee
09-Jun-2016: Interaction with SLDC West Bengal
10-Jun-2016: Interaction with SLDC Rajasthan
20-Jun-2016: Interaction with SLDC Meghalaya
20-Jun-2016: Interaction with SLDC Assam
22-Jun-2016: Presentation of Interim Draft Report in 17th meeting of
FOLD
23-Jun-2016: Interaction with SLDC BBMB
15-Jul-2016: Report adopted by the Technical Committee during 5th
meeting and endorsed it to FOR
22-Jul-2016: Report accepted by the FOR
44
Four Pillars of any Electricity Market

Source: Competition and Choice in Electricity by Sally Hunt

45
Mandate for Intra State SAMAST
Section 28 and 32 of Electricity Act 2003
Section 5.7.1 (b) of National Electricity Policy 2005
Section 6.2 (1) of Tariff Policy 2006 & 2016
Recommendations of the Forum of Regulators June 2006 and 2008
Regulation 6.4.1 of Indian Electricity Grid Code 2010
Recommendations of Niti Ayog for Renewable Integration Feb 2015, Dec-2015
Para 2.3.2 of the Pradhan Committee 2008
CERC Order on Roadmap for Reserves Oct 2015
CERC Framework for Forecasting, Scheduling & Imbalance Handling for RES- Aug 15

46
Metering Infrastructure
and
Deviation Settlement

INTRA STATE 47
 Interstate Metering and
Deviation Settlement Interstate
3261 : Interface points
5435 : Interface Energy Meters
0.2s : Accuracy Meters
189 : Active Pool members
Accounts Settled in 21 days
~ Rs.200 Crore settled weekly

STOA and Ancillary Services

functioning on
- Two-part ABT
- Multi-part settlement
- Maker-Checker
- Transparency
48
3/18/17 POSOCO 49
3/18/17 POSOCO 50
Summary - Survey Response from 8 SLDCs
States / UT / Area
Group-A : Deviation Settlement for all Intra State Entities
Group-B : Settlement only for IPPs or STOA customers having interstate trade
Group-C : Draft regulations notified, actions initiated
Group-D : To commence from scratch
Common Challenges
Control Area demarcation for RES / STOA customers, Accountability of Entities
Load and RE Forecasting, Scheduling of RES / Conventional generators
Inadequate Metering, Meter data collection / management / Utilization
Legacy systems and procedures for energy accounting
Inadequate IT infrastructure Software and Hardware
Inadequate Human Resource

51
Recommendations-1
Demarcation of Interface boundary & identification of Pool Members
Adequate Interface Energy Meters (5-min) with AMR infrastructure
Sacrosanct Ex-Ante Schedule
Energy Book keeping in line with the basic accounting principles
Each intra State Entity separately accountable for deviation
Simple, robust, scalable but dispute-free Settlement System
Administration of transmission losses
Reactive Energy Pricing
Transparency, Integrity and Probity of Accounts

52
 Generating Stations (SGS/IPP)
Main Meters
TH / HY RE OA Aux Aux
Check Meters
GEN GEN GEN
Standby Meters

A B C D E SGS-1

INTRA STATE SYSTEM F G H J K

SGS Injection
F1 J1 K1
Main-G=(F+G+H+J+K)
Check=(F1+L+M+J1+K1)
L M
Standby=(A+B+C+D+E)

STU
ISTS OA STU
DISCOM T U S
GRID Consumer N O DISCOM -A DRAWAL
V W Main- A =(G+H+N+O+Y)
Q R Standby=(L+M+Q+R+X)

% Transmission Loss =
DISCOM-B S/S Intra State Entity -B
(Total Injection Minus Total Drawal) x 100 X DISCOM-A S/S
DRAWAL
Main- B =(T+U+X)
Y Standby=(V+W+Y)
Total Injection
Intra State Intra State Loss =L=[Main-G - (Main-A + Main-B)]
Entity Entity-
DISCOM-B DISCOM-A % Loss = [Loss (L) / (Main-G) )]53
*100
Recommendations-2
Governance Structure
Adequate Human Resource at SLDC
30 exclusively for Market Operation
7 for SLDC IT team
Adequate IT Infrastructure Hardware and Software at SLDC

Centre for Power Information Technology Services

STOA Registry and Clearing Agency
Distribution System Operators

54
Roadmap
S No. Days from Activity / Milestone
Zero date

1 90 Detailed Project Report, Stakeholder Workshop

2 120 Approval of State specific SAMAST scheme by SERC

3 120 Forecasting and Scheduling, Formation of State Power Committee, State Pool Account

4 150 Application for funding from PSDF

5 210 Placement of Award and Deployment of adequate HR at SLDC

6 225 Implementation of IT hardware infrastructure

7 240 Complete Boundary Metering with AMR system

8 300 Implementation of IT software infrastructure

9 345 Preparation of Energy Account and Stakeholder workshop

10 365 Quarterly Reconciliation and Peer Review of Accounts

55
3/18/17 POSOCO 56
3/18/17 POSOCO 57
3/18/17 POSOCO 58
3/18/17 POSOCO 59
3/18/17 POSOCO 60
3/18/17 POSOCO 61
References-1/3
Electricity Act, 2003, Govt. of India, Jun-2003
Tariff Policy, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India, 2016
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Indian Electricity Grid Code) Regulations, 2010
Central Electricity Authority (Installation and Operation of Meters) Regulations, 2006
Central Electricity Authority, Functional Requirement for Automated Metering Infrastructure
CERC Order dated 13-Oct-2015 in the matter of Roadmap to operationalize Reserves in the Country, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission,
Petition 11/SM/2015
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Ancillary Services Operations) Regulations, 2015.
CERC (Framework on Forecasting, Scheduling and Imbalance Handling for Variable Renewable Energy Sources (Wind & solar)), 7 Aug-2015
Model Regulations on Forecasting, Scheduling and Deviation Settlement of Wind and Solar Generating Stations at the State Level. (2015), Forum
of Regulators, http://www.forumofregulators.gov.in/Data/study/MR.pdf]
Report of the Committee on Manpower, Certification and Incentives for System Operation and Ring-fencing Load Despatch Centres, Ministry of
Power, Govt. of India, Aug 2008
Report of the Committee on Fixation of Tariffs for Central Sector Power Stations, CEA, Govt. of India, Jun-1990
Large Scale Integration of Renewable Energy Sources - Way Forward, Central Electricity Authority, Govt. of India, Nov-2013
Report on India's Renewable Electricity Roadmap 2030, Niti Ayog, Govt. of India, Feb-2015
Report of the Expert Group on 175 GW RE by 2022, Niti Ayog, Govt. of India, Dec-2015
Report of the Technical Committee on Large scale Integration of Renewable Energy Need for Balancing, Deviation Settlement Mechanism (DSM)
and associated issues, April 2016

62
 References-2/3
Letter No. 10/5/2013-Statutory Advice/CERC from Chairperson CERC to Secretary Ministry of Power, 2-Nov-2015
Status of implementation of progress of reforms under National Tariff Policy 2006, Central Electricity Authority, Govt. of India, Mar-2015,
http://cea.nic.in/reports/others/enc/fsa/ntp_2006.pdf
Status Report on Issues Related to Tariff Policy, Forum of Regulators,
http://www.forumofregulators.gov.in/Data/policy_Imp/Tariff%20policy%20report%20-%20final%2017.12.pdf
Report of the Task Force on Scheduling, Metering and Settlement of Intra-State Open Access Transactions, Forum of Regulators, 2008
Recommendations Regarding Implementation of Availability Based Tariff (A.B.T.) in Intra-State Systems, Forum of Regulators
Final Roadmap for Introducing ABT in Maharashtra, POWERGRID, Dec-2004
ABC of ABT - A Primer on Availability Tariff, Bhanu Bhushan, 27 Jun, 2005
Discussion Paper on Introduction of Availability Based Tariff (Intra State ABT) Regime at State level within Maharashtra and Related Issues, ABPS &
Deloitte, 13 Nov-2006
MERC Order dated 17-May-2007 in the matter of Availability Based Tariff Regime at the State level within Maharashtra and related issues, Case
Nos. 42 of 2006, Maharashtra ERC
Final Report on De-Novo Zero Base Review of Balancing and Settlement Mechanism for intra-State ABT in Maharashtra as compared to the system
prevalent for inter-state ABT in rest of India, MERC, IIT-Bombay, Sep-2013
A Relook at the Balancing and Settlement Mechanism in the States of Andhra Pradesh & Telangana and Way Forward- Draft for discussion, APERC,
Aug-2014
Building Regional Power Pools: A Toolkit, The Energy and Mining Sector Board, The World Bank
Power Market Auction Design-rules and Lessons in Market-Based Control for the New Industry, Edison Electric Institute, Sep 2001
Accounting of Transmission Loss in Power Pools-A Case Study of Eastern Region- A Roy, S.K. Soonee, S.S. Barpanda, K.K. Ram, Workshop on Energy
Audit, Institution of Engineers (I), Kolkata, Aug 1997
Making Competition Work in Electricity, Sally Hunt, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-22098-1, 2002

63
 References-3/3
Electricity Market Design: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, Peter Cramton, Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences, January, 2003.
Governance and Regulation of Power Pools and System Operators, An International Comparison, World Bank Technical Paper Number 382
Study on Development of Best Practice Recommendations for Imbalance Settlement, LDK Consultants, Jan 2013
E7 Guidelines for Pooling of resources and Interconnection of electric power systems, Regional Electricity Cooperation and Integration (RECI),
http://www.globalelectricity.org/upload/file/e7_reci_guidelines.pdf
Framework for the preparation and presentation of Financial Statements, The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
http://resource.cdn.icai.org/238acc_bodies_framework_ppfs.pdf
Control Area Trends: Principles and Responses, Larry R. Day, IEEE Computer Applications in Power, April 1995
CERC Order in the Petition No. 32/ 2006 in the matter of Recovery of energy charges for the energy supplied during the period 1.1.2000 to
30.6.2001-adjudication of disputes, July 2008
CERC Order in Petition No. 251/GT/2013 in the matter of determination of tariff for generating stations and transmission systems of Bhakra Beas
Management Board for the period 2009-14 in accordance with the provisions of the CERC (Terms and Conditions of Tariff) Regulations, 2009
Roll out Plan for Introduction of Competition in Retail Sale of Electricity-Discussion Note by PwC, Forum of Regulators, May 2015
Note of Energy Accounting in the Northern Region-Northern Regional Electricity Board
Proactive Reconciliation Process in Power Scheduling, Mithun Balaji Rajaram, Dec 2009, http://www.energybiz.com/article/09/12/proactive-
reconciliation-process-power-scheduling
'Commercial Accounting Procedure of Inter-State/Inter-System Power Transaction in Eastern Region', B. Sen Gupta, Dr. K.K. Das, M.K. Mitra, S.K.
Soonee, Vidyut Bharti Vol XVI No. 4, January-March 1994
Study of Bulk Power and Transmission Tariffs and Transmission Regulations, ECC, Feb 1994

64
Important Regulations
CERC (Indian Electricity Grid Code):
http://www.cercind.gov.in/Regulations/Signed-IEGC.pdf
http://www.cercind.gov.in/2012/sharing_regulation/IEGC_First_Amendment_26_12_2011.pdf
http://www.cercind.gov.in/2014/regulation/noti18.pdf
http://www.cercind.gov.in/2015/regulation/Noti78.pdf
CERC (terms and condition of Tariff)
http://www.cercind.gov.in/2014/regulation/reg21.pdf
CERC (Deviation Settlement):
http://www.cercind.gov.in/2014/regulation/noti132.pdf
http://www.cercind.gov.in/2014/regulation/noti_132.pdf
http://www.cercind.gov.in/2015/regulation/Noti7.pdf
CEA (Installation and Operation of Meters)
http://www.cea.nic.in/new_website/reports/regulation/meter_reg.pdf
http://www.cea.nic.in/new_website/reports/regulation/amend_meter_reg.pdf

3/18/17 POSOCO 65
RLDC and RPC website
NRLDC http://nrldc.org/ NRPC http://www.nrpc.gov.in/

ERLDC http://www.erldc.org/ ERPC http://www.erpc.gov.in/

WRLDC http://www.wrldc.in/ WRPC http://www.wrpc.gov.in/

SRLDC http://srldc.org/ SRPC http://www.srpc.kar.nic.in/

NERLDC http://103.7.131.227/ NERPC http://nerpc.nic.in/

CERC www.cerc.gov.in

3/18/17 POSOCO 66
3/18/17 POSOCO 67