STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

Chapter 06: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Section A

1. Solve the differential equation

dy
2 x2 y =(1+x 2 )(1+ y 2 ).
dx
y=1 [6]
given that when x=1 .
[6 marks]

Answer:
STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

2. By using the substitution y = vx, where v is a function of x, reduce the differential

dy 1 2 2 [4]
equation x y= x y to a differential equation that contains v and x only.
dx 4
[3]
Hence, solve the differential equation above given that y = 0 when x = 3.
Answer:
dy 1
x y= x 2 y 2
dx 4

y = vx
STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

dy dv
=v ( 1 )+ x
dx dx

dv 1
(
x v+x
dx )
vx = x2 (vx)2
4
[M1]
2
dv 1 14 v
= v 2=
dx 4 4
4
14 v 2 dv = dx
2 2 1
1+ 2 v + 12 v dv= 4 dx [M1]
[ ln ( 1+2 v )ln (12 v) ]=x+ c [M1]
1+2 v
ln (12 v )
=x +c [A1]
y
v=
x

( )
y
ln
( x)
1+2
=x +c [M1]
y
12 ( )
x
x +2 y
ln (
x2 y )
=x + c [M1]
When x = 3, y = 0
c=-3
x +2 y
ln ( x2 y)
=x 3 [A1] [7 marks]
STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

3. The rate of increase in temperature of a thermometer is proportional to the difference

between the room temperature, xo and the temperature of the thermometer, x. Write a
differential equation to express this information.
A thermometer with a reading of 10 oC is brought into a room with room temperature
31oC. The thermometer reads 24oC after 5 minutes.

a) Find the time taken for the reading to be 30oC.

b) Find the temperature of the thermometer after 10 minutes. [15]
Answer:
Let t = time in minutes
k = a positive constant

dx
( x o x )
dt [B1]
dx
=k ( xx )
dt [A1]
Given xo = 31oC,
dx
=k (31x )
dt [A1]

Method 1:
1
dx=k dt [B1] Separating the variables
31x
ln|31x|=kt+c [A1]

When t = 0, x = 10
ln|3110|=0+c [M1]

c=ln 21 [A1]
ln|31x|=ktln 21 [A1]

When t = 5, x = 24oC,
21
5k=ln| | [M1]
3124
1 1 1
k= ln 3 k = ln [A1]
5 or 5 3
1
5
tln3=ln | |
21
31x
[A1]

When t = T, x = 30oC
1 21
( ln 3)(T )=ln| | [M1]
5 3130
5 ln21
T=
ln3
[A1]
T =13.9minutes
STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

When t = 10, x = X
1
5
(10) ln 3=ln| 21
31X | [M1]
86
X= or 28.67o [A1]
3

Method 2:

Given xo = 31oC, t = 0 when x = 10, t = 5 when x = 24oC

1
31x dx=k dt
10 131x dx=k 0 dt
24 5

24 5
[ln|31x|] 10=k [t ]0
[(ln|3124|)(ln|3110|) ]=5 k
5 k =ln 3 [M1]
1
k = ln 3
5
30 1 [M1]
1 T
10 31x dx=5 ln3 0 dt
1
[ln|31x|]30 T
10= ln 3[ t ]0 [M1]
5
1
[(ln|3130|)(ln|3110|)]= ln 3(T 0 )
5
1
( ln 3)T =ln 21
5
[A1]
5 ln 21
T=
ln3
T =13 . 9minutes

When t = 10, x = X
[M1]
STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme
X 1 1 10
10 31x 5 0 dt
dx= ln3 [M1]

1
[ln|31x|] X10= ln 3[ t ]10
0
5
[M1]
1
[(ln|31X|)(ln|3110|)]= ln3(100 )
5
21
ln| |=ln 9
31X
21 [M1]
=9
31 X
7
31 X=
3
86
X = or 28 . 67o
3

[15 marks]
 STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

4.

2
dx 1
e x = 2
Show that x .

Hence, find the particular solution of the differential equation

dy
x 2 y=x
dx
1
y=
which satisfies the boundary condition 2 when x = 1. [6 marks]
 STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

The number of a species of insects in a colony at the time t is x. The rate of

growth of the insects is proportional to the product of x with (h x), where
h is a positive constant. Write a differential equation to represent this situation,
taking k as the constant of proportion. [1 mark]
1 1
x= h x= h
If 26 when t = 0 and 5 when t = T. Show that
2 5
k= ln
(a) hT 2 , [7 marks]
25
5
x=
( )2
T
h

2t
5
25+ ( ) T
(b) 2 . [7 marks]
 STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme
dy
Find the general solution of x 2 y=x 2 . [6 marks]
dx

dy 2

dx x ()
y =x B1
B1
2 dx 2
1
Integrating factor = e x
=eln x =
x2
dy 1 2 1 1 M1
( )()( ) ( )
dx x 2

x
y 2 =x 2
x x M1

d 1 1
dx
( y) 2 =
x ( )
x
M1
d
dx ( y ) ( x1 )dx = 1x dx
2

A1
y
=ln |x|+C
x2
2
y=x ( ln |x|+C )