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Datos:
b = 2.5 m
y = 0.8 m
z = 0.58 m
V = 1.8 m/s
3
= = (2.5 0.8 + 0.58 (0.8)2 ) (1.8 ) = 4.27
CANAL RECTANGULAR:
Datos:
b=2m
n = 0.014
y = 1.20 m
S = 0.0012
Q=?
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
2 1.2
= = = 0.55
+ 2 2 + 2 1.2
= = 2 1.2 = 2.4 2
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 + + 23 + 0.014 + 0.0012 2
= = = 65.63
0.00155 0.00155 0.014
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + 0.0012 )
0.55
= 65.63 0.55 0.0012 = 1.69
3
= 1.69 2.4 2 = 4.06
CANAL TRIANGULAR:
Datos:
n = 0.014
S = 0.0012
Q = 4.06 m3/s
z= 1
y=?
2
= = =
21+ 2 22
1 0.00155 1 0.00155
23 + + 23 + 0.014 + 0.0012 95.72
= = =
0.00155 0.00155 0.014 22 0.96
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + 0.0012 ) 1+
95.72 1.91
= 0.0012 =
0.96 22 0.96
1+ 1+
1.91
4.06 = ( ) ( 2 )
0.96
1+
= 1.628
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Datos:
n = 0.013
S = 0.0009
Q=?
z= 1
y = 0.75 m
Datos:
S = 0.0009
n = 0.013
y = 0.75 m
z=1
T = 1.5 m
= 2
= 1 0.752 = 0.56 2
= 21 + 2
= 2 0.751 + 12 = 2.12
=
0.56
=
2.12
= 0.26
5 1
3 . 2
= 2
. 3
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
5 1
(0.56)3 . (0.0009)2
= 2 = 0.53 3
(0.013). (2.12) 3
= 0.0009 2 = 0.0018
5 1
(0.56)3 . (0.0018)2
= 2 = 0.75 3
(0.013). (2.12) 3
= + 2
0.38
=
2.00
= 0.19
5 1
3 . 2
= 2
. 3
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
5 1
(0.38)3 . (0.0009)2
= 2 = 0.29 3
(0.013). (2) 3
= 0.0009 2 = 0.0018
5 1
(0.38)3 . (0.0018)2
= 2 = 0.41 3
(0.013). (2) 3
d) para una seccin parablica que tiene 4 metros de ancho a la profundidad de 1m.
SOLUCION:
a) Seccin rectangular:
Datos:
y = 1.80 m
S = 0.0018
n = 0.018
b=6m
6 1.8
= = = 1.13
+ 2 6 + 2 1.8
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
= = 6 1.8 = 10.8 2
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 + + 23 + +
= = 0.018 0.0018 = 56.56 2
0.00155 0.00155 0.018
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + )
0.0018 1.13
= 56.561.13 0.0018 = 2.55
3
= 2.55 10.8 2 = 27.54
b) Seccin triangular:
Datos:
y = 1.80 m
S = 0.0018
n = 0.018
z = 1/ tg(60) = 0.58
2 0.58 1.82
= = = = 0.45
21 + 2 2 1.81 + 0.582
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 + + 23 + 0.018 + 0.0018 2
= = = 48.42
0.00155 0.00155 0.018
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + 0.0018 )
0.45
= 48.520.45 0.0018 = 1.38
3
= 1.38 1.88 2 = 2.59
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
c) Seccin circular:
Datos:
D=4m
S = 0.0018
n = 0.018
0.8
cos =
2
= 66.42
1 1
= ( sin ) 2 = (1.26 227.16)42 = 9.38 2
8 8
1 sin 1 227.16
= (1 ) = (1 ) 4 = 0.81
4 4 1.26
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 + + 23 + 0.018 + 0.0018 2
= = = 53.76
0.00155 0.00155 0.018
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + 0.0018 )
0.81
= 53.760.0018 0.81 = 2.05
3
= 2.05 9.38 2 = 19.23
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
d) Seccin parablica:
Datos:
y=1m
S = 0.0018
n = 0.018
T=4m
2 2
= = (4 )(1 ) = 2.67 2
3 3
2 2 2 42 1
= = = 1.6
3 + 8 2 3 4 + 8 12
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 ++ 23 + + 2
= = 0.018 0.0018 = 59.29
0.00155 0.00155 0.018
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + 0.0018 )
1.6
= 59.291.6 0.0018 = 3.18
3
= 3.18 2.67 2 = 8.49
Datos:
Q = 10 m3/s
V = 1 m/s
z = 1/tg (30) = 1.73 m
S = 8/10000 = 0.0008
Segn la frmula de Bazin:
G = 0.85
+ 2 + 1.73 2 + 1.73 2
= = =
+ 2 2 + 1 + 21.732 + 1 + 4
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
87 87
= =
0.85
1+ 1+
+ 1.73 2
+ 4
87 + 1.73 2
1 = ( ) (0.0008)
0.85 + 4
1+
+ 1.73 2
+ 4
3
10 = 1 ( + 1.73 2 )
=5
= 1.36
Datos:
S = 0.0006
b = 8 pies
T = 24 pies
z = 1/tg (45) = 1 pie
n = 0.015
8
= = = 9.64
0.83
= + 21 + 2 = 8 + 2(9.64)1 + 12 = 35.27
170.05
= = 4.82
35.27
= + 2 = 8 + 2(9.64) = 27.28
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
(170.05)5/3 (0.0006)1/2 3
= = 792.52
(0.015)(35.27)2/3
Datos:
y=2m
b=8m
z = 1.5
S = 0.0004
n = 0.027
+ 2 8 2 + 1.5 22
= = = 1.45
+ 2 2 + 1 8 + 2 21.52 + 1
= + 2 = 8 2 + 1.5 22 = 22 2
a) Frmula de Ganguillet-Kutter:
1 0.00155 1 0.00155 1
23 + + 23 + 0.027 + 0.0004 2
= = = 39.88
0.00155 0.00155 0.027
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + 0.0004 )
1.45
= 39.880.0004 1.45 = 0.96
3
= 22 2 0.96 = 21.12
b) Frmula de Bazin:
G= 0.85
1
87 87 2
= = = 51
0.85
1+ 1+
1.45
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
3
= 22 2 1.23 = 27.06
c) Frmula de Manning:
n = 0.027
1 1 1
6 (1.45)6 2
= = = 39.40
0.027
2 1 2 1
3 2 (1.45)3 (0.0004)2
= = = 0.95
0.027
3
= 0.95 22 2 = 20.9
d) Frmula de Chezy:
> 1
= 1.3 = 1.30.027 = 0.21
1
(1.45)0.21 2
= = = 40.04
0.027
= 40.040.0004 1.45 = 0.96
3
= 22 2 0.96 = 21.12
Se quiere construir un canal con una pendiente de 0.0035 para conducir 4 m 3/s Qu
dimensiones debe tener el canal para que la velocidad no sea superior a 1.5 m/s. El talud
es 1.5. Considerar que el coeficiente n de Kutter es 0.025.
Datos:
n = 0.025
z = 1.5
V = 1.5 m/s
S = 0.0035
Q = 4 m3/s
= + 2 = + 1.5 2
+ 2 + 1.5 2
= =
+ 2 2 + 1 + 3.6
1 0.00155 1 0.00155
23 + + 23 +
+ 63.44
= = 0.025 0.0035 =
0.00155 0.00155 0.025 0.59
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + ) 1+
0.0035 + 1.5 2 + 1.5 2
+ 3.6 + 3.6
63.44 + 1.5 2
1.5 = ( ) (0.0035)
1+ 0.59 + 3.6
+ 1.5 2
+ 3.6
3
4 = 1.5 ( + 1.5 2 )
=2
= 0.825
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Datos:
T=5m
b=3m
z = 1/tg (60) = 0.58
y = tg (60) = 1.73 m
n = 0.030
Q = 10 m3/s
1 0.00155 1 0.00155
23 + + 23 + 0.030 + 56.33 + 0.00155
= = =
0.00155 0.00155 0.030 1.69 + 0.00005
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + )
0.99
56.33 + 0.00155
= 0.99
1.69 + 0.00005
3 56.33 + 0.00155
10 =( 0.99) (6.93 2 )
1.69 + 0.00005
= 0.0019
a) Profundizar el canal:
Datos:
b=3m
z = 1/tg (60) = 0.58
y=?
n = 0.030
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
1 0.00155 1 0.00155
23 + + 23 + + 57.15
= = 0.030 0.0019 =
0.00155 0.00155 0.030 0.71
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + ) 1+
0.0019 3 + 0.58 2 3 + 0.58 2
3 + 2.32 3 + 2.32
57.15 3 + 0.582
= ( ) (0.0019)
0.71 3 + 2.32
1+
3 + 0.58 2
3 + 2.32
3 57.15 3 + 0.582
15 = ( ) (0.0019) [3 + 0.582 ]
0.71 3 + 2.32
1+
3 + 0.58 2
[ 3 + 2.32 ]
= 2.182
Datos:
b=?
z = 1/tg (60) = 0.58
y = 1.73 m
n = 0.030
Q = 10 m3/s + 50% (10 m3/s) = 15 m3/s
S = 0.0019
1 0.00155 1 0.00155
23 + + 23 + + 57.15
= = 0.030 0.0019 =
0.00155 0.00155 0.030 0.71
1 + (23 + ) 1 + (23 + ) 1+
0.0019 1.73 + 1.74 1.73 + 1.74
+4 +4
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
= 4.49
Datos:
b=3m
T=8m
n = 0.025
S = 0.006
3
=
2
3
= (3) = 2.6
2
2
3 3
1 = ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
(0.025) 2.6 3 3
1 =( ) ( (3 )(2.6 ))
(0.006)2 2 2
= 43.18
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Datos:
Q = 60 m3/s
z = 1.25
a)
y=2m
S = 0.0008
G = 0.30
+ 2 2 + 5
= =
+ 22 + 1 + 6.4
87 87
= =
0.30
1+ 1+
2 + 5
+ 6.4
87 2 + 5
= ( ) (0.0008)
0.30 + 6.4
1+
2 + 5
+ 6.4
3 87 2 + 5
60 = ( ) (0.0008) (2 + 5)
0.30 + 6.4
1+
2 + 5
+ 6.4
b = 9.802 m
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
+ 2 2 + 5
= = = 1.52
+ 22 + 1 + 6.4
= 2 + 5 = 24.6 2
= 2.44
b)
Datos:
Q = 60 m3/s
V = 2.44 m/s
z = 1.25
A = 24.6 m2
= + 2
= 2
= + 22 + 1 = 9.802
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Datos:
b=3m
Q = 7.5 m3/s
yc = ?
V=?
E=?
2
= . (7 25)
3
2 1
= (7 26)
2 3
2
() = =1
23
=
= + 2
=
(7.5)2 (3)
() = =1
2(9.81)(3 )3
= 0.68
2
= +
2
= = 9.81 0.68 = 2.58
2.582
= 0.68 + = 1.02
2 9.81
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
De la ecuacin (7-25):
2 2
= () = (1.02) = 0.68
3 3
De la ecuacin (7-26):
(2.58)2 1
= (1.02)
2 9.81 3
0.34 = 0.34
Calcular:
a) El tirante normal.
b) La energa especifica correspondiente al flujo uniforme.
c) El gasto mximo que podra ser transportado con la energa calculada en b
Verificar que se cumple la ecuacin 7-14
Datos:
Q = 12 m3/s
b=6m
S = 0.315 %O
n = 0.0125
a)
1 2 1
= 3 2
3 1 2 1
12 = 3 0.0003152
0.0125
2
8.45 = 3
2
6 3
8.45 = ( ) (6)
2 + 6
= 1.437
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
b)
2 3
1.54 = = 40.16
3
=
= (6 )(1.437 )
= 8.62 2
=
3
12
=
8.62 2
= 1.39
2
=+
2
1.392
= 1.437 +
2 9.81
= 1.54
c)
= 4.44
2
() = =1
3
122 6
=1
9.81 (6)3
4.44
( ) = = 0.74
6
= ( ) = 2.69
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
2
=
2 2
= = 0.74
(2.69)2 0.74
=
2 9.81 2
0.37 = 0.37
1 1 1
n = 65 Strickler = = = = = 0.015
65
3
Q = 6 m /s
b=8m
2
= = 0.00014
4/3
= = 8 = 8(1.067) = 8.54 2
= 2 + = 2 + 8 = 10.13
5 5
3 6 0.015 (8)3
1 = 2 1 = 2
2 3 (0.00014)2 (2 + 8)3
5
(8)3
7.61 = 2
(2 + 8)3
= 1.067
8.54
( ) = = = 1.068
8
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
( ) 2 1.0682
= + = 1.068 + = 1.126
2 2 9.81
3
= 1.704 2
2 3
< = = >
3 2
3
3 2
= 1.704 ( )
2
3
= 3.13 2
2
= = 9.81 ( ) = 2.56 1/2
3
c) = .
Condiciones crticas:
= = ( )( )
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
3
= 2
2
< = = >
3
2 3/2
= ( ) = 1.7053/2
3
2/3
= ( ) = 0.72/3
1.705
3
= 0.7 2
d) = .
3
= 1.704 2
3
3 2
= 1.704 ( )
2
2
3 3
2 = = ( )
3.13 3.13
3
= 0.467 2
e) = .
= =
( )1/2 = ( )1/2
1
= 2
Hallar el tirante crtico para el canal mostrado en la figura. El gasto es 8 m 3/s. Cul es la
energa que corresponde a las condiciones crticas? Demostrar que se cumplen las
ecuaciones 7-14, 7-56 y 7-57.
Datos:
yc = ?
Q = 8 m3/s
2
E = yc + 2
z1 = 1/ tg (45) = 1
z2 = 1/tg (60) = 0.58
2 + 1 2 + 2 2
=
2
= + 1 + 2
2 2 2
= 6.52 = = 1.603
= = 2.76
2
= + = 1.37
2
- Ecuacin 7-14:
2
= ; = = 0.78
2 2
0.39 = 0.39
- Ecuacin 7-56:
2 +
=
2 5 +
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
0.39 = 0.39
- Ecuacin 7-57:
4
=
5 +
= 0.98
= (2 2 + 3 )
= 3 + 2(2)
2 3
= . (1)
Reemplazando:
282 (2 2 + 3 )3
=
9.81 (3 + 4 )
(2 2 + 3 )3
79.92 =
(3 + 4 )
fy=79.92
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Si f(yc) = 79.92
yc = 1.49476 1.495 m
Reemplazar el A y T:
= 3 + 4(1.495) = 8.98
8.96
= = = 0.998 1
8.98
= 9.81 (1) = 3.13
2 3.132
= + = 1.495 + = 1.994
2(9.81) 2(9.81)
a) El tirante normal.
b) El tirante crtico.
c) La pendiente critica.
d) La pendiente critica para un tirante normal de 1 m y el gasto correspondiente.
(Las cotas estn medidas sobre la superficie libre).
Datos:
Q = 10 m3/s
b=4m
z = 1/tg (45) = 1
n = 0.02
S = (864.3-863.7)/1000=0.0006
b)
2 3
=
Reemplazando:
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
102 (4 + 2 )3
=
9.81 4 + 2
(4 + 2 )3
10.19 =
4 + 2
f(y) = 10.19
yc = 0.802 m
a)
1 2
10 = 3 0.0006 . . (1)
0.02
= 22 + 4
Si:
= + 2
= ( + 22) + 2
= 1.83 2 (2)
= 2(1.83)
0 = 3.66
= 3.66 (3)
(3) en (2):
= 3.66 2 1.83 2
= 1.83 2
En (1):
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
5
10(0.02) (1.83 2 )3
= 2
0.0006 (3.66)3
5
(1.83 2 )3
8.16 = 2
(3.66)3
2
(8.16)(3.66)3 8
5 = 3
(1.83)3
= 2.08
c)
2
=
43
d)
(4 1 + 12 )3 (0.02)2
= (9.81) 4 = 0.12
(4 + 2 1)
4 1 + 12 3
( )
4 + 22 1
En un canal trapecial los taludes tienen una inclinacin z = 4/3. El canal es de concreto (n
= 0,015). La pendiente es 0,004. Si el canal est trabajando en condiciones de mxima
eficiencia hidrulica, hallar
a) El caudal, de forma tal que la energa especifica sea mnima y el valor de dicha energa.
b) La energa especfica cuando el gasto sea de 15 m3/s.
Datos:
z =4/3
n=0.015
S=0.004
Q=15 m3/s.
a)
= + 2 = + 1.33 2 (1)
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
= + 21 + 2 = + 3.33 (2)
= ( 3.33) + 1.33 2
= 2 2
= 4 = 0 = 4
= 4 2 2 2 = 2 2
Reemplazando:
153 8
= 0.336 3
= 4.16
b)
2
= +
2
0.222
= 4.16 + = 4.17
2 9.81
= 2 2 = 34.61 2
= 4 = 16.64
= = 0.43
= = 2.08
b) Cul debera ser la pendiente para que conduciendo el mismo, gasto, este sea critico?
(Talud 60; tirante 0.80 m; ancho en el fondo 3 m).
Datos:
C = 60 m1/2/s
Q = 8 m3/s
z = 1/tg (60) = 0.58
y = 0.8 m
b=3m
a)
8
= = = = 2.89
2.77
2.89
= = = 1.10
9.81 2.77
3.92
b)
3 2
= = 0.9
= 3.97
= 5.08
= 4.04
1 5/3 1/2
=
2/3
= .
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Demostrar que los resultados del ejemplo 7.6 son compatibles con la ecuacin 7-60.
4 3 + 16 2 2 + 16 + 9 2
=
10
z=3
b = 0.5
E = 1.39
= 1.096 1.1
. .
= ( ) ( )
1
=
2
1
=
2
2
<= = > =
3
1 1
= =
2 2
1 3
1 1 2 1 2 3 1
= ( ) = ( ) 2 2
2 2 2
3
1 2 3 1
= ( ) 2 2
2
3
= 0.792 2
2
= 0.9353
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
1 2
2 5 5
= ( ) ( )
2 0.2 0.4
= ( ) ( )
= . .
2 0.2 0.4
= ( ) ( )
= 0.72770.4
Multiplicamos por
2
= ( ) (0.7277)0.4
2 2
1/2 1/2
( ) = (3.56942/5 )
2
= 1.88830.2