Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Glendale School
#11 St. Benedict St.Paradise Village
Project 8, Quezon City
Presented by:
Joshua Elkanah P. Datu
Ernestine Rose P. Estrella
Angelito C. Guiterrez
Marielle M. Torres
Presented to:
Dr. Marilou Juachon-Panlilio
Mr. Arnold Antiporda
Ms. Sherrlene Uy
Mr. Gemini Malubay
February 9, 2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1:
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Introduction
Coffee is a much known beverage to the majority of the people. It is known
for its stimulating effect on the functions of the brain, thus making the drinker
active. Variants of coffee flavors were already produced all throughout the
world aiming for the discovery of alternative sources for coffee production. The
researchers goal is to make an alternative coffee beans using amapalaya
seeds since ampalaya tastes bitter. The researchers also chose this because
people nowadays drink coffee at work and when they are in home. This
product is also cheaper than the branded coffees which we can see in
supermarkets.
Through this study, the researchers are able to create alternative ingredient
as coffee. Since Philippines is rich in growing ampalaya. Consumers can buy
a much more cheaper product of a different variety of coffee, ampalaya
coffee. Based on debate.org, coffee is beneficial to office workers like are
journalists, teachers, policeman, etc. It is a power-up for most people to keep
awake at night, to work longer, and to be more productive. The Department
of Agriculture, will also have an idea on which commodities can have
alternatives. Unfortunate families will benefit from this product since this is
cheaper and since coffee is commonly used by these kind of people. For
students, it will help to stay awake and continue to finish student's task. This
kind of product is processed not by machines but by hands. Nowadays,
products are processed by machines that some chemicals go in the product
which can harm a person's body. Moreover, this study aims to give opportunity
to people to buy a much cheaper yet a healthy product.
CHAPTER TWO:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
Components of Ampalaya
Ampalaya is composed of three components. The first
component is called Flavanoids. According to Jane Higdon,
Ph.D of Oregon State University, it is a large family of
polyphenic compounds by plants. This has the ability to
modulate cell-signaling tunnels.
According to News Medical Net, Flavonoids are found in a
variety of fruits and vegetables. It is beneficial for it gives a
pigment that attracts pollinating insects.
Flavanoids are linked to be as an antioxidant. One of the
protection from "free radicals" of the body, Ariefdjohan MW,
Savaiano D.
The second component is alkaloids. It can control the blood
sugar in diabetics. Alkaloids are very bitter and it's extracts are
active. http:www.biology-online.org
Alkaloids have many effects on humans and other animals
according to Mcdaniel.edu.
Structure of Ampalaya
According to Philippine Herbal Medicine, Ampalaya belongs to
the family of Cucurbitaceae. Ampalaya grows up to 20
centimeters. It's leaves are shaped as a heart and grown up to 5-
10 centimeters in diameters. Ampalaya's texture is ribbed and
wrinkled.
Variety of Ampalaya
The first variety of Ampalaya is called Karela. Stated by
Healthy By Nature, Karela is a thin and vine and a long stalked
leaves that makes yellow flowers. Karela grows in tropical areas
such as Amazon,East Africa, Asia, The Caribbean, and
South America.
The second variety is Japan Green Spindle. It is a medium sized
fruit that grows up to 15-20 centimeters.
http://forum.xcitefun.net/
The last variety is the Hybrid Indian Baby Doll. This kind of
Ampalaya can be found in Thailand. This weight 30 grams.
Process of Planting An Ampalaya
There are four steps in planting ampalaya. The first step is
climate adaption. The climate that ampalaya can thrive is a cool
climate. Cooler climates will result to a fast production of
flowers and bigger fruits, as said by Sunstar PH.
The second step is land preparation. On the word of Rice
Knowledge Bank, Land preparation is very important because it
insures that the soil is ready for plantation. The field or soil
should be cleaned from debris of other seeds.
The third step is plastic mulching. It is the process of covering
the soil to make more conditional temperature that will affect 2
factors: plant growth development and beneficial crop
production. http://www.agridr.in
The fourth step is planting. There are two ways of planting an
ampalaya by its seed. It can be either direct seeded or
transplanted.
Agricultural and Rural Development said, Direct seeding is a
kind of cropping system that goals to improve soil moisture. The
seeds are needed to be soaked overnight and wrapped in a moist
cloth.
The other way of planting is transplanted. This process needs to
cut the flower of the ampalaya in half. The flower needs to be
shaded in order to recover by University of Illinois Extension.
Proper Care
The seeds need to be fertilized. In accordance to Business Diary,
the first step in taking care an ampalaya is to apply fertilizer on
the soil. Add 1 teaspoon of fertilizer on the soil.
the second step is vine training. A kind of system that refers to
the position of the vine. This aims to minimize the space,
quality, and reduce costs of facilitation, According to Plumpton
College.
The last step is Pest Management. Pest management is a method
to keep away of unwanted pests.
http://tmnehs.gov.in/writereaddata/Chap-14.pdf
Benefits of Ampalaya
According to Gourmet Farms, ampalaya leaves and fruits are
rich in sources of Vitamin B, calcium, and phosphorus. It is also
a rich beta carotene, it has the ability to enhance cells and
promote insulin.
Ampalaya has the ability to reduce total cholesterol. It also has
the ability to lower the blood sugar or the amount of sugar intake
by Teddy Brul.
As said by Kidney Cares Organization, ampalaya is beneficial in
curing kidney stones and helps maintain healthy liver and
bladder.
Issues/Side Effects of Ampalaya
According to Nalanda College, ampalaya can make a heartburn
and make ulcer worse. Also pregnant women are not allowed to
eat or drink any food with ampalaya. It may stimulate the uterus
and may cause a premature birth.
Taking too much or taking a large doze of ampalaya can cause
abortion for pregnant women in accordance with All About
Diabetes.
Related Studies
Department of Science And Technology of the Philippines
conducted a study on Ampalaya seeds as Coffee. The study
shows that ampalaya are capable of having the same taste as
coffee, it can be a substitute for coffee. Which is not only
cheaper, but also full of healthy benefits. The first process of
this is grinding the seed and toasting it until it can be mixed with
water like the coffee powder. The weight of the ampalaya seed
is 23.3 grams before grinding, after grinding the weight was
11.4 (it is a powdered version) . After the pulverization of the
seed, the sample which is the powder is put on a cup with hot
water and is tasted. It tasted like a coffee, bitter but without
caffeine. They concluded that ampalaya can be a source of
coffee.
Common use of ampalaya seeds
According to Rasco, E.T. Jr there are improvement of ampalaya
by local plant over the last five years resulted in the commercial.
These new cultivars can result in yield which ten times the
average yield and more resistant to diseases.
(http://agris.fao.org/agris-
search/search.do?recordID=PH8910474)
Origin of ampalaya seeds
herb is a plant that is valued for flavor, scent, or other qualities. Herbs are
used in cooking, as medicines, and for spiritual purposes. From ancient days
to now a day, medicinal plants are a potential and useful for the treatment of
several diseases and disorders and it actually originated in India and
eventually carried to chain during the 14th century.
(http://herbalnet.healthrepository.org/handle/123456789/2564)
Health benefits of ampalaya seeds
Most of the useful health benefits of bitter gourd never come to
the forefront at all. For example, did you know that bitter gourd
is a medicinal food for people with liver disorders. One of the
prime health benefits of bitter gourd is that, it helps to cleanse the
liver and regenerate the liver cells. This healthy vegetable has
beauty benefits too.
Coffee
Benefits
According to www.rd.com or www.readersdigest.com , a
clinical study in Illinois discovered that caffeine has the ability
to reduce the swelling of the blood vessels and can lessen the
intensity and frequency of headaches. Some subjects were
experimented and 58 percent reported beneficial relief. .
Coffee has the ability to lessen the risk of having Alzheimers
disease and Parkinson's disease. These two are the most
common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. By drinking
coffee, the risk of this disease will lessen 32-60 percent in
accordance with Authority Nutrition.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, by drinking
coffee this can be prevented. Coffee can lessen the risk of
obtaining two types of cancer. According to Authority Nutrition,
the two types of cancer are liver cancer and colorectal cancer,
liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer while colorectal
cancer is the fourth one.
Side Effects
According to Top End Sports, however, although coffee has
many god benefits it also has negative side effects. Too much of
coffee us bad for the health. Increase amount of caffeine the the
body can leady to restlessness, nausea, sleep difficulties, urine
production, many more.
Excessive of caffeine can lead to dehydration, taking coffee
on a hot day weather will result of a lot of fluids in the body
bases on Fit Day.
Drinking too much coffee may result to difficulty in absorbing
minerals. Based on a study, Coffee disturbs the distribution of
minerals in the body.
Components
Caffeine
It is a bug killer that stimulates us by blocking neuroreceptors
for the sleep chemical adenosine by Wired Magazine.
Quinic Acid
Along citric and malic represent an important ingredient of
coffee's total acid content. Coffee Chemistry, during roasting
quinic acid progressively increases as the levels of chlorogenic
acid decrease suggesting that its formation results from the
cleavage of the chlorogenic acid moiety
Trigonelline
a niacin-related compound, is a natural constituent of coffee
accounting for approximately 1% dry matter in roasted
beans.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710155
Process
Planting
According to NCA USA, coffee bean is actually a seed.
When it is not yet processed it can be planted it will turn into a
coffee tree. Coffee is usually places in a large bed if shades.
After growing into a sprout, the seedling are removes and ti be
planted in individual pots and requires bright sunlight. Planting
requires a wet season so other plants will be moist and the roots
will mature.
Harvesting The Cherries
Depending on the kind of coffee bean, it will take estimately
3 to 4 years for the newly planted coffee trees to grow to bear
fruit. The bear fruit is called a coffee cherry, it is a bright, deep
red when it is ripe and ready to be harvested.
Processing The Cherries
After the cherries are harvested, the cherries are to be
prevented from spoilage. There are two ways to prevent this,
the dry method and wet method.
The dry method is placing the cherries on a clean mat on a
huge surface and letting expose on the sun.
The wet method is removing the pulp from the coffee cherry.
The skin of the cherry removed by a machine.
Drying The Beans
Once the beans are processed in the wet method, they are
supposed to he dried by exposing it to thr sun. The beans are put
on drying tables.
Milling The Beans
The beans are need to be process before exportation.
Hulling
Machines are used to separate the parchment layer of the cherry.
Polishing
This step is optional only if there are left silver skin on the
cherry
Grading and Sorting
The beans are sorted by variety of size and shape before
exportation.
Exporting The Beans
Once the beans are processed carefully it is ready for
exportation. These are transported either is sisal bags or jute.
Tasting The Coffee
For a sure taste and quality it is tested by tasting the coffee. The
coffee is roasted and is concentrated on a high temperature. To
taste the coffee, the cupper "slurps" a spoonful with a quick
inhalation.
Roasting The Coffee
The roasting process is controlled by a machine. The roasting
machine maintains its temperature which is 550 Fahrenheit.
When the beans turn brown they are put in water or air for it to
cool down.
Grinding Coffee
Grinding coffee turns the beans into a powder version by a
machine. The better the powder the easier the preparation it will
be.
Countries
According to National Coffee Association, countries that
produce coffee are North America, Caribbean, Central America,
South America, Africa, Middle East and Asia.
Coffee Bean
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Knife
Chopping board
Procedure
In making Ampalaya Coffee Beans, you only need one ingredient
and two tools. The ingredient that you need is ampalaya
seeds, the two tools are mortar and pestle or something that can
break an object into pieces. This method is
needed to be done by an adult to be safe. Be careful in cooking
the seeds in order to achieve the goal.
1. Ready your whole and fresh ampalaya. Cut it into half and get
the seeds inside.
2. Peel the cover of the ampalaya seeds.
3. Dry the seeds with a dry cloth or with a tissue paper.
4. You can either roast it in a pan until its color turns black or
bake them in an oven in a medium temperature (250 degrees) for
10-15 minutes. But if you want to be sure, you better do both until
you achieve the exact taste and color.
5. Crush the roasted/toasted ampalaya seeds using mortar and
pestle until it looks like powder (pulverized). Do not crush the
ampalaya seeds completely, leave bits of solid ampalaya seeds for
comparison taste.
6. Put the powder in a secure container in order for the aroma of
the powder to stay.
7. Now, the product is complete. This product can be more tastier
by putting the right amount of sugar and/or
creamer.
Timetable:
Time Table of Activities
-Chapter One:
October 9:Statement Of Objective
Bibliography: January 13
Appendices: January 15
Appendix A: Document Procedure
Appendix B: Planning Documents
CHAPTER FOUR:
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSES OF DATA
Trial 1
On the first trial, the materials used are ampalaya seeds, pan,
strainer, mug, mortar and pestle. The result was not the desired
one that the researchers are looking for. The result of the ampalya
seeds were dry, bits of seeds are left uncooked. When the powder
is poured on a hot water, it is not fully dissolved. The powder did
smell like the commercially available coffee but did not taste as
it.
Trial 2
On the second trial Same materials were used but instead the
researchers cooked and baked the seeds. The researchers got the
desired product. The product smelled and tasted like the
commercially available coffee. The aroma was bitter as same with
the taste.
CHAPTER FIVE:
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion/s
We, the researchers, therefore conclude that ampalaya seed can
be an effective alternative for coffee beans because of the
following:
1. Aroma - The aroma of the seeds smelled like the
commercially available coffee. Just smelling the powder, it
would be hypothesized it is coffee.
2. Taste - Because it is our final product actually tastes like the
commercially available coffee.
3. Appearance - Between the product that the researchers made
and the commercially available coffee, there were a slight
difference with the appearance. The commercially available
coffee is pure powder unlike the product the researchers made,
bits of seeds are still uncooked.
4. Quality - When the powder is poured into a hot water not all
of the powder is fully dissolved. As said, some bits are left
uncooked.
Recommendation
1. Materials
- The researchers recommend to use a grinder and toast to fully
break the seeds into pieces.
- the researches also recommend to find other alternative seeds
that are bitter like amapalaya seeds.
2. Procedure
- The researches recommend to cooked the crushed ampalay
seeds before baking for it to be easily baked. Cooking it will affect
the texture, to be smooth just like the commercially available
coffee.
- The researchers recommend to bake the crushed seeds to obtain the aroma of a commercially available coffee.
Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
Time Table of Activities
-Chapter One:
October 9:Statement Of Objective
Bibliography: January 13
Appendices: January 15
Appendix A:Document Procedure
Appendix B:Planning Documents